Article(id=1276618478501102216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756742400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1760716800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-18, onlineDate=1782299163699, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782299163699, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782299163699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782299163699, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276618341674520821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='2817', pageEnd='3084', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782299131077, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299208862, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3029, endPage=3038, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276618478845035146, articleId=1276618478501102216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside Treatment on Browning and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Postharvest Rambutan, columnId=1237814980427444960, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Agricultural Ecology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The fruit of rambutan has a delicate and juicy taste, but it is not resistant to storage. It is prone to browning 2-3 days after harvest, which limits the market circulation of rambutan. Therefore, green, safe and convenient post-harvest preservation technology is very important for the development of the rambutan industry. The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment on the browning of postharvest rambutan peel and its active oxygen metabolism, and to provide new ideas for the browning of postharvest rambutan. The Baoyan 7 rambutan was soaked with 200 μmol/L SNP, and the control was treated with distilled water. The weight loss rate, browning index and antioxidant enzyme activity of rambutan during storage were measured. The results showed that SNP treatment could effectively inhibit the increase of browning index of postharvest rambutan peel and maintain the peel color. Compared with the control group, the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] was significantly increased in the peel of rambutan treated with SNP, which improved the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species radicals in the peel. The activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were lower than those of the control, which effectively inhibited the occurrence of enzymatic browning. In addition, compared with the control group, SNP treatment can also significantly inhibit the increase of membrane lipid degradation-related enzyme activity (lipoxygenase, LOX) and maintain the structural integrity of pericarp cells. At the same time, the expression levels of browning-related genes NlWRKY23 and NlWRKY57 was significantly up-regulated. This shows that SNP treatment can enhance the antioxidant capacity of the peel of rambutan, reduce the oxidative damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and delay the occurrence of peel browning. The results of this study can provide theoretical basis and practical basis for the application of SNP in postharvest rambutan.

, authors=null, authorsList=Sihan SHEN, Yuqing GUAN, Hanjia SUN, Zhongbing ZHENG, Ping CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongbing ZHENG, Ping CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276618481487446678, articleId=1276618478501102216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=硝普钠处理对采后红毛丹褐变及活性氧代谢的影响, columnId=1237016045714723050, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与农业生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

红毛丹果实口感香嫩多汁,但不耐储藏,采后2~3 d易发生褐变,对红毛丹的市场流通产生了限制。因此,绿色、安全、便捷的采后保鲜技术对红毛丹产业发展至关重要。本研究旨在探究外源硝普钠(SNP)处理对采后红毛丹果皮褐变及其活性氧代谢的影响,为采后红毛丹褐变问题提供新思路。以保研7号红毛丹品种为材料,采用200 μmol/L的SNP浸泡处理,以蒸馏水处理为对照,测定处理后红毛丹贮藏过程中的失重率、褐变指数及抗氧化相关酶活性。结果表明:SNP处理可以有效抑制采后红毛丹果皮褐变指数的上升,较好地维持果皮颜色;SNP处理的红毛丹果皮与对照组相比,活性氧(ROS)清除酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)]活性显著提高,使得果皮中活性氧自由基清除能力提升;多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均低于对照,有效抑制酶促褐变发生;此外,与对照组相比,SNP处理还可以显著抑制红毛丹果皮的膜脂降解相关酶活性[脂氧合酶(LOX)]的上升,维持果皮细胞结构完整性,同时褐变相关基因NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57的表达量显著上调。由此可见,SNP处理可增强红毛丹果皮抗氧化能力,减轻活性氧的氧化破坏,延缓果皮褐变的发生。该研究结果可为SNP在采后红毛丹的应用提供理论依据及实践基础。

, authors=

沈思涵(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果树学。

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* 郑中兵(ZHENG Zhongbing),E-mail:
陈萍(CHEN Ping),E-mail:
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沈思涵(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果树学。

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沈思涵(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果树学。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of different packaging materials combined with low temperature storage on quality of‘Baoyan-7’rambutan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618504031830815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=75, authorNames=刘晓慧, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晓慧. 基于转录组与代谢组学的鲜切茄子褐变机理研究[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学, 2022., articleTitle=基于转录组与代谢组学的鲜切茄子褐变机理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618504098939680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=76, authorNames=LIU X H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU X H. Mechanism of fresh-cut eggplant browning based on transcriptomics and metabolomics[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Ocean University, 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Mechanism of fresh-cut eggplant browning based on transcriptomics and metabolomics, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276618495337038546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, awardId=NFCX2024-28, language=CN, fundingSource=海南大学南繁学院创新创业训练项目(NFCX2024-28), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276618481705550488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618481713939097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, companyId=1276618481705550488, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618481734910618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, companyId=1276618481705550488, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276618481810408091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618481923654301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, companyId=1276618481810408091, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618481936237214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, companyId=1276618481810408091, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院),海南三亚 572025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276618491696382662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of SNP treatment on browning of rambutan, figureFileSmall=fo6ElTKZnL2eMmpDZufqHQ==, figureFileBig=duUL04euC13J0sU6N19Oew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618492069675719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=CN, label=图1, caption=SNP处理对红毛丹褐变的影响

A:褐变图;B:褐变指数;C:失重率;*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=fo6ElTKZnL2eMmpDZufqHQ==, figureFileBig=duUL04euC13J0sU6N19Oew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618492946285256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of SNP treatment on PPO and POD activities in pericarp of rambutan, figureFileSmall=BoO2KL3NuCkEgFSBpwkzGQ==, figureFileBig=4rbSHpABrJv6xpt9m8NGUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618494603035337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=CN, label=图2, caption=SNP处理对红毛丹果皮PPO和POD活性的影响

*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=BoO2KL3NuCkEgFSBpwkzGQ==, figureFileBig=4rbSHpABrJv6xpt9m8NGUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618494686921418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of SNP treatment on activities of APX, CAT, SOD, LOX in peel of rambutan, figureFileSmall=1KSl2XLgTDib3rfd0324Tg==, figureFileBig=x7wxunKnpRpR+1xl6qMwOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618494787584715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SNP处理对红毛丹果皮APX、CAT、SOD、LOX活性的影响

*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=1KSl2XLgTDib3rfd0324Tg==, figureFileBig=x7wxunKnpRpR+1xl6qMwOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618494871470796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of SNP treatment on ETH and ABA content in peel of rambutan, figureFileSmall=8gnIWZC9+mqXp1aolTx3nw==, figureFileBig=ESjBpMo6cKcSEnC+SMQUng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618494951162573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SNP处理对红毛丹果皮中ETH和ABA含量的影响

*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=8gnIWZC9+mqXp1aolTx3nw==, figureFileBig=ESjBpMo6cKcSEnC+SMQUng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618495014077134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Expression of NlWRKY23 and NlWRKY57 gene in pericarp of rambutan, figureFileSmall=SvUPHvdNWxiIAr7ksrMmGQ==, figureFileBig=YNpp3KzIWqECIiZaZtpXSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618495085380303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=CN, label=图5, caption=红毛丹果皮中NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57基因表达分析

*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=SvUPHvdNWxiIAr7ksrMmGQ==, figureFileBig=YNpp3KzIWqECIiZaZtpXSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618495156683472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence(5′-3′)
actin-FGGCGATGAAGCTCAGTCTAAA
actin-RTGCCAGATCCTTTCCATGTC
NlWRKY23-FCCTACGAGGGTCAACACACC
NlWRKY23-RGGCATTGTCCCCTGATTTGG
NlWRKY57-FCCCCAGGAAACTCCCACTTC
NlWRKY57-RTCCCCAAGCAACCCTTCATC
), ArticleFig(id=1276618495232180945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618478501102216, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence(5′-3′)
actin-FGGCGATGAAGCTCAGTCTAAA
actin-RTGCCAGATCCTTTCCATGTC
NlWRKY23-FCCTACGAGGGTCAACACACC
NlWRKY23-RGGCATTGTCCCCTGATTTGG
NlWRKY57-FCCCCAGGAAACTCCCACTTC
NlWRKY57-RTCCCCAAGCAACCCTTCATC
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硝普钠处理对采后红毛丹褐变及活性氧代谢的影响
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沈思涵 1, 2 , 贯雨晴 1, 2 , 孙涵嘉 2 , 郑中兵 2, * , 陈萍 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025,46(12): 3029-3038
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与农业生态 2025 , 46 (12) : 3029 -3038
硝普钠处理对采后红毛丹褐变及活性氧代谢的影响
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2.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院),海南三亚 572025, bio={"content":"

沈思涵(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果树学。

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沈思涵(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:果树学。

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沈思涵1, 2, 贯雨晴1, 2, 孙涵嘉2, 郑中兵2, * , 陈萍1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院),海南三亚 572025
通讯作者:
* 郑中兵(ZHENG Zhongbing),E-mail:
陈萍(CHEN Ping),E-mail:
Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside Treatment on Browning and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Postharvest Rambutan
Sihan SHEN1, 2, Yuqing GUAN1, 2, Hanjia SUN2, Zhongbing ZHENG2, * , Ping CHEN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.020
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红毛丹果实口感香嫩多汁,但不耐储藏,采后2~3 d易发生褐变,对红毛丹的市场流通产生了限制。因此,绿色、安全、便捷的采后保鲜技术对红毛丹产业发展至关重要。本研究旨在探究外源硝普钠(SNP)处理对采后红毛丹果皮褐变及其活性氧代谢的影响,为采后红毛丹褐变问题提供新思路。以保研7号红毛丹品种为材料,采用200 μmol/L的SNP浸泡处理,以蒸馏水处理为对照,测定处理后红毛丹贮藏过程中的失重率、褐变指数及抗氧化相关酶活性。结果表明:SNP处理可以有效抑制采后红毛丹果皮褐变指数的上升,较好地维持果皮颜色;SNP处理的红毛丹果皮与对照组相比,活性氧(ROS)清除酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)]活性显著提高,使得果皮中活性氧自由基清除能力提升;多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均低于对照,有效抑制酶促褐变发生;此外,与对照组相比,SNP处理还可以显著抑制红毛丹果皮的膜脂降解相关酶活性[脂氧合酶(LOX)]的上升,维持果皮细胞结构完整性,同时褐变相关基因NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57的表达量显著上调。由此可见,SNP处理可增强红毛丹果皮抗氧化能力,减轻活性氧的氧化破坏,延缓果皮褐变的发生。该研究结果可为SNP在采后红毛丹的应用提供理论依据及实践基础。

红毛丹  /  硝普钠  /  果皮褐变  /  活性氧代谢

The fruit of rambutan has a delicate and juicy taste, but it is not resistant to storage. It is prone to browning 2-3 days after harvest, which limits the market circulation of rambutan. Therefore, green, safe and convenient post-harvest preservation technology is very important for the development of the rambutan industry. The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment on the browning of postharvest rambutan peel and its active oxygen metabolism, and to provide new ideas for the browning of postharvest rambutan. The Baoyan 7 rambutan was soaked with 200 μmol/L SNP, and the control was treated with distilled water. The weight loss rate, browning index and antioxidant enzyme activity of rambutan during storage were measured. The results showed that SNP treatment could effectively inhibit the increase of browning index of postharvest rambutan peel and maintain the peel color. Compared with the control group, the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] was significantly increased in the peel of rambutan treated with SNP, which improved the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species radicals in the peel. The activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were lower than those of the control, which effectively inhibited the occurrence of enzymatic browning. In addition, compared with the control group, SNP treatment can also significantly inhibit the increase of membrane lipid degradation-related enzyme activity (lipoxygenase, LOX) and maintain the structural integrity of pericarp cells. At the same time, the expression levels of browning-related genes NlWRKY23 and NlWRKY57 was significantly up-regulated. This shows that SNP treatment can enhance the antioxidant capacity of the peel of rambutan, reduce the oxidative damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and delay the occurrence of peel browning. The results of this study can provide theoretical basis and practical basis for the application of SNP in postharvest rambutan.

rambutan  /  sodium nitroprusside  /  peel browning  /  active oxygen metabolism
沈思涵, 贯雨晴, 孙涵嘉, 郑中兵, 陈萍. 硝普钠处理对采后红毛丹褐变及活性氧代谢的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (12) : 3029 -3038 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.020
Sihan SHEN, Yuqing GUAN, Hanjia SUN, Zhongbing ZHENG, Ping CHEN. Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside Treatment on Browning and Active Oxygen Metabolism of Postharvest Rambutan[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (12) : 3029 -3038 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.020
红毛丹(Nephelium lappaceum L.)果肉营养丰富,肉厚汁多,风味独特,具有清热解毒、提高免疫力的作用[1]。保研7号红毛丹品种,年产量较高,具有较高的稳产性[2]。红毛丹需完熟后采摘,运输过程中其柔刺状突起的颜色逐渐发生变化,由基底部向果皮延伸直至腐烂,造成严重的经济损失[3-4]
酶促褐变是由促氧化酶系列[多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)等]催化酚类物质生成醌类化合物进一步发生氧化反应,最终聚合形成黑色素的反应过程,影响酶促褐变形成的条件有酚类底物、酶和氧气[5]。研究认为红毛丹采后果皮褐变是由于2种主要的酚类底物(表儿茶素和原花青素)在PPO催化下形成褐变产物而导致[6]。LIN等[7]认为活性氧(ROS)的产生可能破坏细胞膜的结构,造成龙眼果皮细胞分隔化的丧失,使位于质体和其他细胞器的PPO和POD与液泡中的酚类底物接触,形成褐色聚合物。
ROS在植物中持续生成,既是代谢过程的副产物,也是胁迫响应的信号组成部分。然而,过量ROS会对植物产生危害[8]。为减轻采后贮藏过程中ROS对组织产生的不良影响,果蔬细胞通常会激活内源性抗氧化防御系统,包括抗氧化酶以及非酶抗氧化物质[9]。这些抗氧化酶和物质能够清除或中和ROS,维持果蔬组织的氧化抗氧化平衡。
采用一氧化氮(NO)对芒果果实进行处理,能够有效减轻膜脂过氧化,从而延缓其衰老[10]。大量的研究已经证明用硝普钠(SNP)作为NO的供体,对延缓园艺产品衰老具有显著优势。SNP在较低浓度条件下,表现出良好的保鲜效果,且不会产生残留毒性,同时还能降低成本[11]。SNP处理与间歇升温联合,可通过抑制乙烯生成量维持果实品质,预防桃果实贮藏期间冷害[12]。SNP溶液浸渍芒果果实,可降低其呼吸强度,有效维持果实硬度,保持抗坏血酸及酚类物质含量[13]。脐橙经SNP处理后,其果皮和果肉中的脂质过氧化程度及过氧化氢浓度下降,从而延长保鲜时间[14]。SNP处理通过抑制细胞壁降解酶的活性,有助于保持果实的品质[15]。此外,SNP溶液的应用能有效防止水果在低温环境下的冷害现象[16],并抑制褐变过程[17],减少超氧阴离子自由基和过氧化氢的积累[18]。SNP处理通过增强抗氧化酶活性提高苹果果实对链格孢菌的采后抗性[19]。刘涛等[20]研究发现SNP可以延缓樱桃果实采后的衰老,有效延长樱桃果实的贮藏期。SNP保鲜剂可减少香蕉可溶性蛋白和可溶性固形物的积累[21]。李果采收前施用SNP溶液,可有效维持果实中总抗氧化能力、黄酮类化合物含量及可滴定酸度,进而提升其保鲜性能并改善贮藏期间的品质特性[22]
WRKY家族目前已在越来越多物种中被鉴定。通过转录组分析发现WRKY与核桃[23]、苹果[24]、荔枝[25]的褐变有关。WRKY转录因子参与植物响应脱落酸(ABA)通路与非生物胁迫[26]。ZHANG等[27]通过转录组数据分析发现WRKY转录因子是ROS代谢相关基因表达的重要诱导因子,且与红毛丹果实褐变相关。
目前,红毛丹栽培面积不断增加,但其采后褐变问题严重影响经济价值。目前关于缓解采后红毛丹褐变及WRKY转录因子的研究鲜有报道。在红毛丹保鲜方法中,崔志富等[28]采用真空和10 ℃低温结合处理,显著延缓了红毛丹果皮褐变,使红毛丹果实保鲜期延长。邓浩等[29]研究表明,压差预冷后的红毛丹果实贮藏品质比冷库预冷效果好。目前,气调、低温等保鲜方法在红毛丹保鲜应用中虽取得了良好的效果,但其设备投资和运营成本较高,红毛丹的采后保鲜技术是红毛丹产业化发展的关键环节之一[30]。有效的保鲜技术能延缓果实褐变发生,本研究以保研7号红毛丹为材料,通过测定贮藏期间红毛丹果皮的褐变指数、抗氧化相关酶等相关指标,探究SNP处理对采后红毛丹果皮褐变及ROS代谢的影响,为进一步控制新鲜红毛丹采后果皮褐变提供新思路。
红毛丹采自海南省保亭黎族苗族自治县,品种为保研7号,挑选无机械损伤、无病虫害、成熟度相近的果实用于试验(设置2个处理,每处理46个果实)。将运回的果实浸泡在制备的次氯酸钠溶液(0.1 mL/L)中30 s,随后用蒸馏水冲洗干净,晾干。本课题组前期用3个不同浓度SNP处理红毛丹,通过分析其褐变的生理生化及转录组数据发现,200 μmol/L SNP处理组中的WRKY转录因子是ROS代谢通路相关基因表达的重要诱导因子[18, 27]。因此,本试验采用200 μmol/L SNP溶液浸泡红毛丹果实2 h(以蒸馏水作为对照),随后将其放在通风的室内风干,置于25 ℃环境中贮存。贮藏期间(处理后第1、2、3、4、5、6、7天)对果实进行取样。测定每个取样日果实的失重率、褐变指数。将样品保存在-80 ℃用于后续试验。
在贮藏前和每次取样结束时,用电子天平称量果实的质量,计算失重率,并以百分比表示。
褐变指数参考SHAO等[31]的方法,并作适当修改。将果实根据褐变面积划分为5个水平:0,无果皮褐变;1,0<果皮褐变面积≤25%;2,25%<果皮褐变面积≤50%;3,50%<果皮褐变面积≤75%;4,75%<果皮褐变面积≤100%。褐变指数=∑(褐变水平×水平水果数量)/(最高水平×每个处理的果实总数)。
抗氧化相关酶PPO、POD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性测定参考曹建康等[32]的方法,略有改动。(1)PPO活性测定:在冰浴条件下研磨样品,收集上清液,低温保存,依次将试剂和酶提取液加入试管,使用分光光度计测420 nm波长处的吸光度变化。酶活性的单位为∆OD420/min·g。(2)POD活性测定:上清液制备与PPO相同,在实验体系中首先加入愈创木酚溶液和酶提取物,随后快速混入H2O2溶液以启动酶促反应。测定470 nm处OD值的变化值,酶活性的单位为∆OD470/min·g。(3)CAT活性测定:将H2O2溶液和酶提取液反应,测定波长240 nm处吸光度值,酶活性的单位为0.01∆OD240/min·g。(4)APX酶活性测定:称取样品,在冰浴条件下研磨匀浆后,制备上清液,依次将反应缓冲液、酶提取液、H2O2溶液加入试管中,记录在290 nm处的吸光度值,单位为0.01∆OD290/min·g。(5)SOD活性测定:称取样品,在冰浴条件下研磨成匀浆,收集上清液,配制2支对照管,其中一支对照管放置于避光环境中,另一管则在4000 lx日光灯下进行15 min光照处理,随后置于无光照处以终止反应,测定560 nm处吸光度。(6)脂氧合酶(LOX)活性采用苏州格锐思生物科技有限公司试剂盒测定。
脱落酸(ABA)和乙烯(ETH)含量使用酶联免疫分析试剂盒(酶免生物科技有限公司)进行测定。
通过对本课题组前期转录组数据分析获取的2个与红毛丹褐变相关的WRKY转录因子,分别命名为NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57基因,采用擎科多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒(TSP412)提取RNA,具体参照说明书操作流程提取第4天处理组和对照组的果皮总RNA。以擎科逆转录试剂盒SynScript® Ⅲ RT SuperMix for qPCR进行逆转录扩增,将反转录cDNA产物2倍稀释后作为qPCR模板,以擎科ArtiCanCEO SYBR qPCR Mix进行扩增,测定NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57基因在对照组和处理组的表达水平。以ACTIN作为内参基因[27],引物信息见表1
本研究采用Excel软件进行数据预处理与统计,运用SPSS Statistics 27软件进行方差分析,使用GraphPad Prism 8软件制图。
随着储藏周期的推进,红毛丹果实表皮组织的褐化程度呈现持续上升趋势。与对照组相比,SNP处理的红毛丹褐变指数在第4、5、6天显著降低,第7天果皮均变为深褐色(图1A、图1B)。由图1C可知,红毛丹的失重率不断升高,整体趋势与褐变指数变化相似,随着果实中水分的持续流失,果皮组织的生理活性逐渐减弱,致其外观呈现褐变现象。SNP处理的红毛丹失重率则低于对照组,第三天的失重率存在显著差异,表明SNP处理可以延缓红毛丹果皮的褐变。
图2可知,SNP处理后红毛丹果皮PPO活性先降低后上升,第4天降至最低,与对照组相比降低52.38%,处理后7天内的PPO活性均低于对照组。在果皮PPO和POD的催化作用下,酚类化合物被氧化为醌类物质,此类物质进一步聚合使果皮出现深褐色。在整个贮藏期间,SNP处理组的红毛丹果皮PPO活性与对照组在第1、2、4、5、6、7天均存在显著差异,可见SNP处理抑制红毛丹果皮的PPO活性。SNP处理的红毛丹果皮中POD活性低于对照组,第1、2、6天存在显著差异,表明SNP处理可以抑制红毛丹果皮的POD活性,降低果皮中的过氧化作用,维持果皮色泽。
APX升高能够清除活性氧,减少对细胞膜的损伤,CAT能够将过氧化氢催化分解成水和氧气,起着抗氧化作用。由图3可知,在贮藏期间APX活性呈逐渐上升趋势,且在第4、5、6天显著高于对照组。除第1、2、5天外,SNP处理组的CAT活性均显著高于对照,其中,第3天到第5天的酶活性呈现降低的趋势,说明SNP处理有提高CAT、APX活性,延缓红毛丹果皮褐变的作用。SNP处理的果皮SOD活性在整个贮藏期间变化平缓,在第3、5、7天与对照组相比分别提高17.40%、20.08%、7.82%。LOX在脂肪酸代谢过程中扮演着重要角色,影响细胞的氧化应激反应[33]。经SNP处理的红毛丹果皮LOX活性在贮藏期间逐渐升高,第5天达到峰值后逐渐减弱,第1、2、7天的LOX活性显著低于对照。
综上,SNP处理红毛丹果实能有效延缓果皮中ROS清除酶(CAT、APX、SOD)活性下降,提高ROS清除率,进而延缓ROS对红毛丹果实的损伤,降低LOX活性可能有助于延缓果皮褐变。
图4可知,ETH含量在SNP处理的第2、4天存在显著差异,第4天后变化较平稳。ABA含量仅在第5天与对照存在显著差异,与对照组相比降低13.64%,说明SNP处理可能在红毛丹褐变后期导致ABA含量变化。
图5可知,SNP处理对红毛丹果皮中NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57基因表达具有较大影响。与对照相比,NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57的表达量显著上调,表明SNP处理能提高红毛丹果皮NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57基因的表达量。WRKY转录因子能够特异性结合基因下游启动子中的W-box顺式作用元件[34],其保守的WRKY结构域能与下游基因MdPPO 7[35]MdSOD 1MdCAT 1MdAPX 1[36]启动子中的W-box特异性结合,调控下游基因的表达。推测WRKY转录因子可能在延缓红毛丹褐变过程中发挥调控作用。
红毛丹在采摘后极易出现褐变现象,不仅显著降低果实的品质,还造成严重的经济损失[37]。当前,控制鲜切果蔬褐变的技术主要是通过化学、物理或生物的方法对鲜切产品进行处理,以减轻机械损伤、抑制褐变相关酶的活性,延缓鲜切果蔬褐变[38]。薛鹏宇[39]发现龙眼果实在贮藏期间,随着果实的衰老,膜系统受损,区域化分布逐渐丧失,原本存在于液泡中的褐变底物酚类物质与细胞质中的酚类氧化酶直接接触,从而引起果皮发生褐变。此外,ROS过度积累会导致膜脂过氧化,使膜流动性降低,膜透性增大,也加剧酶和底物之间的区域分隔消失,使褐变加剧。本研究中经SNP处理的红毛丹LOX活性受到抑制,与帅良等[40]用磷酸钠处理龙眼果抑制膜脂降解相关酶活性的结果相似。褐变与膜脂过氧化作用的增加与细胞膜结构的破坏密切相关,表现为不饱和脂肪酸相对含量降低,饱和脂肪酸相对含量增加,膜脂过氧化产物过量积累[7]。胡位荣等[41]研究发现,随着荔枝果实的成熟,LOX的活性呈现上升趋势,促使果皮细胞膜发生脂质过氧化反应,致使细胞膜通透性显著提升,进而破坏细胞内部区域化结构。在此过程中,花色素苷和酚类物质从液泡中渗出,在相关酶的作用下转化为酚类化合物,随后经氧化反应生成褐色物质,导致果皮出现典型的褐变现象。与此同时,果肉组织也在LOX及其他相关酶类的作用下逐渐进入衰老阶段。本研究中SNP处理红毛丹果实后,果皮中的LOX活性呈现相似的趋势且降低酶活性。
SNP作为NO的供体,NO通过与多种分子的相互作用参与植物的许多发育过程以及植物对各种非生物胁迫的响应,这些相互作用共同导致活性氧(ROS)、脯氨酸和谷胱甘肽生物合成、翻译后修饰(如S-亚硝基化)以及基因和蛋白质表达调节的体内平衡[42]。经外源过氧化氢处理的荔枝,果皮中O2-和H2O2的积累量减少,细胞膜透性降低,可通过调节荔枝ROS代谢延缓其衰老进程[43]。细胞内存在ROS清除体系,而SOD作为清除体系中重要保护酶之一,其对氧自由基具有抑制作用,延缓植物衰老[44]。劳琪珍等[45]采用SNP处理三华李果实发现能有效保持抗氧化能力,这与本研究中SNP处理红毛丹果实后提高抗氧化酶(SOD、POD)活性结论基本一致。王志科等[46]发现外源NO处理可以通过诱导提高盐胁迫下抗氧化酶活性,增加渗透调节物质的积累。
氧化酶(PPO、POD)的催化反应对于控制褐变至关重要,这2种酶有一些共同的底物,这些底物会导致黑色素的形成[47]。程现勇等[48]认为PPO和POD活性与采后荔枝果皮中酚类物质的氧化有关。本研究中经SNP处理后的红毛丹果皮PPO和POD活性降低,与林玉钦等[49]采用不同包装处理的红毛丹结论基本一致。通过荧光定量分析红毛丹果皮中NlWRKY23、NlWRKY57基因表达量上调,说明WRKY基因与果皮的褐变相关。有研究表明,SmeWRKY53显著降低鲜切茄子果实的褐变度、PPO和POD活性,对PPOs基因及相关抗氧化酶基因的表达产生显著影响[50],与本研究结论相似。
本研究中经SNP处理的红毛丹果实在贮藏过程中能够减低红毛丹果实失重率,提高抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、APX)活性,降低PPO、POD、LOX酶活,维持果皮色泽,同时WRKY转录因子可能在红毛丹褐变过程中起着调节作用。综上,SNP处理可通过增强红毛丹果皮抗氧化能力,减轻活性氧(ROS)的氧化,延缓果皮褐变的发生,为进一步提高红毛丹的品质,解决采后褐变问题提供依据。
  • 海南大学南繁学院创新创业训练项目(NFCX2024-28)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.020
  • 接收时间:2025-09-02
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02
  • 录用日期:2025-10-18
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海南大学南繁学院创新创业训练项目(NFCX2024-28)
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    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
    2.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院),海南三亚 572025

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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