Article(id=1276616502002455285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754496000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1755273600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-16, onlineDate=1782298692465, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298692465, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298692465, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298692465, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616263778562546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='2549', pageEnd='2815', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298635668, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299117657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618285483426694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618285487620999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2667, endPage=2676, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616502270890743, articleId=1276616502002455285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Alleviating Effect of Exogenous 5-ALA on Melon Seedlings under Saline-alkali Stress, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The present study investigated the ameliorative effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on muskmelon seedlings subjected to saline-alkali stress. Using the melon variety Zhongbao No.1 as the test material, under pot cultivation conditions, the study investigated the effects of root application of five different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L) of 5-ALA on the growth changes, photosynthetic pigments, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant system of melon seedlings under 150 mg/L mixed salt-alkali stress. The results showed that under saline-alkali stress, exogenous 5-ALA at appropriate concentrations (100, 150 mg/L) significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of muskmelon seedlings. It also increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments and soluble sugars, proline content was reduced but still remained higher than that of CK, and significantly reducing both MDA content and O2- generation rate. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, specifically SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, along with GSH content, exhibited elevation. Although POD activity showed a decrease, it maintained significantly higher levels compared to the control treatment (CK). In addition, TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation analysis was conducted on different exogenous 5-ALA treatments based on all the above measurement indicators, and the results showed that SA150 treatment ranked first. Therefore, exogenous 5-ALA at a concentration of 150 mg/L exhibits the optimal effect in alleviating saline-alkali stress in muskmelon seedlings, which would provide a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of crops under saline-alkali stress conditions.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jiaocong CAI, Yu YANG, Sihan SHEN, Yuqing GUAN, Feng LIU, Zhongbing ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongbing ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616503256552193, articleId=1276616502002455285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=外源5-ALA对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究外源5-ALA对盐碱条件下甜瓜幼苗生长的缓解效果,本研究以甜瓜品种众宝1号为试材,在盆栽基质条件下,研究150 mmol/L混合盐碱胁迫下根施5种不同质量浓度(25、50、100、150、200 mg/L)5-ALA对甜瓜幼苗生长变化、光合色素、活性氧(ROS)积累、渗透调节及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明:在盐碱胁迫下,适宜浓度(100、150 mg/L)的外源5-ALA显著提高甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽及叶面积;外源5-ALA提高其光合色素含量和可溶性糖含量,脯氨酸含量有所降低但较CK仍上升,MDA含量和O2-产生速率均显著下降;SOD、CAT、APX和GR活性及GSH含量均提高,而POD活性降低,但较CK仍显著上升。此外,对不同外源5-ALA处理所测定的指标进行TOPSIS综合评价分析,结果表明排名第1的是SA150处理。因此,外源5-ALA浓度为150 mg/L时对甜瓜幼苗盐碱胁迫后的缓解效果最佳,可为抗盐碱栽培提供理论依据。

, authors=

* 同等贡献作者

蔡教聪(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培

杨宇(1984—),男,学士,工程师,研究方向:新能源产业与农业融合发展。

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* 郑中兵(ZHENG Zhongbing),E-mail:
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蔡教聪(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培

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杨宇(1984—),男,学士,工程师,研究方向:新能源产业与农业融合发展。

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Effects of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the asa-gsh cycle in loquat leaves under low-temperature stress[J]. Fujian Agricultural and Forestry Science and Technology, 2021, 52(11): 7-13. 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不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=xmowTWO2v6PUS/ER41NlBA==, figureFileBig=RPrBn4bVvzyZyRnuGjJMBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616511808738107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616502002455285, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of exogenous 5-ALA on the content of osmotic regulatory substances in melon seedlings under saline-alkali stress, figureFileSmall=cYlSTfrqng6ZSOS6Kr0mUQ==, figureFileBig=6PGLHEF945mMxps7BvkJYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616511875846972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616502002455285, language=CN, label=图3, caption=外源5-ALA对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=cYlSTfrqng6ZSOS6Kr0mUQ==, figureFileBig=6PGLHEF945mMxps7BvkJYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616511930372925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616502002455285, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of exogenous 5-ALA on antioxidant system indicators in melon seedlings under saline-alkali stress, figureFileSmall=vCoOAdLgC3YRFmqfTQffxQ==, figureFileBig=/i9NuYgyViKBgZne+j+J8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616511993287486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616502002455285, language=CN, label=图4, caption=外源5-ALA对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗抗氧化系统指标的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=vCoOAdLgC3YRFmqfTQffxQ==, figureFileBig=/i9NuYgyViKBgZne+j+J8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616512052007743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616502002455285, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effects of exogenous 5-ALA on growth phenotypes of melon seedlings under saline-alkali stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm茎粗Stem size/mm叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm叶面积Leaf area/cm2
CK8.54±0.69ab4.09±0.18a6.28±0.58a8.31±0.77a48.78±9.22a
S5.66±0.98d3.61±0.16b5.32±0.64b7.25±0.87b35.96±7.36b
SA258.19±1.40ab4.02±0.21a6.02±0.55a8.01±0.71a45.02±8.12a
SA507.50±1.31bc4.01±0.21a6.07±0.54a8.12±0.74a46.04±7.96a
SA1008.85±0.69a4.02±0.14a6.23±0.53a8.35±0.60a48.47±7.08a
SA1507.98±1.71ab4.07±0.19a6.21±0.53a8.25±0.91a47.92±9.27a
SA2006.52±0.85cd3.90±0.24a6.04±0.44a8.00±0.77a45.11±7.54a
), ArticleFig(id=1276616512119116608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616502002455285, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

外源5-ALA对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长表型的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm茎粗Stem size/mm叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm叶面积Leaf area/cm2
CK8.54±0.69ab4.09±0.18a6.28±0.58a8.31±0.77a48.78±9.22a
S5.66±0.98d3.61±0.16b5.32±0.64b7.25±0.87b35.96±7.36b
SA258.19±1.40ab4.02±0.21a6.02±0.55a8.01±0.71a45.02±8.12a
SA507.50±1.31bc4.01±0.21a6.07±0.54a8.12±0.74a46.04±7.96a
SA1008.85±0.69a4.02±0.14a6.23±0.53a8.35±0.60a48.47±7.08a
SA1507.98±1.71ab4.07±0.19a6.21±0.53a8.25±0.91a47.92±9.27a
SA2006.52±0.85cd3.90±0.24a6.04±0.44a8.00±0.77a45.11±7.54a
), ArticleFig(id=1276616512182031169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616502002455285, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comprehensive evaluation of remission effects of different exogenous 5-ALA treatments on melon seedlings under saline-alkali stress

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment正理想解距离D+Ideal solution distance D+负理想解距离D-Negative ideal solution distance D-相对接近度CiRelative proximity Ci排序结果Sorting results
CK1.9111.3130.4076
S1.9371.1180.3667
SA251.5211.5950.5124
SA501.1971.7330.5913
SA1000.8442.0170.7052
SA1500.7482.0630.7341
SA2001.4591.4690.5025
), ArticleFig(id=1276616512249140034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616502002455285, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同外源5-ALA处理对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗缓解效应的综合评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment正理想解距离D+Ideal solution distance D+负理想解距离D-Negative ideal solution distance D-相对接近度CiRelative proximity Ci排序结果Sorting results
CK1.9111.3130.4076
S1.9371.1180.3667
SA251.5211.5950.5124
SA501.1971.7330.5913
SA1000.8442.0170.7052
SA1500.7482.0630.7341
SA2001.4591.4690.5025
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外源5-ALA对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应
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蔡教聪 1 , 杨宇 2 , 沈思涵 1 , 贯雨晴 1 , 刘锋 2 , 郑中兵 3, **
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(11): 2667-2676
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (11) : 2667 -2676
外源5-ALA对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应
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蔡教聪1, 杨宇2, 沈思涵1, 贯雨晴1, 刘锋2, 郑中兵3, **
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.湛江中粤能源有限公司,广东湛江 524099
  • 3.海南大学海洋科学与工程学院/海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院),海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 郑中兵(ZHENG Zhongbing),E-mail:
Alleviating Effect of Exogenous 5-ALA on Melon Seedlings under Saline-alkali Stress
Jiaocong CAI1, Yu YANG2, Sihan SHEN1, Yuqing GUAN1, Feng LIU2, Zhongbing ZHENG3, **
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Zhanjiang Zhongyue Energy Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524099, China
  • 3.Marine Science and Engineering College, Hainan University/School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.012
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为探究外源5-ALA对盐碱条件下甜瓜幼苗生长的缓解效果,本研究以甜瓜品种众宝1号为试材,在盆栽基质条件下,研究150 mmol/L混合盐碱胁迫下根施5种不同质量浓度(25、50、100、150、200 mg/L)5-ALA对甜瓜幼苗生长变化、光合色素、活性氧(ROS)积累、渗透调节及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明:在盐碱胁迫下,适宜浓度(100、150 mg/L)的外源5-ALA显著提高甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽及叶面积;外源5-ALA提高其光合色素含量和可溶性糖含量,脯氨酸含量有所降低但较CK仍上升,MDA含量和O2-产生速率均显著下降;SOD、CAT、APX和GR活性及GSH含量均提高,而POD活性降低,但较CK仍显著上升。此外,对不同外源5-ALA处理所测定的指标进行TOPSIS综合评价分析,结果表明排名第1的是SA150处理。因此,外源5-ALA浓度为150 mg/L时对甜瓜幼苗盐碱胁迫后的缓解效果最佳,可为抗盐碱栽培提供理论依据。

5-ALA  /  盐碱胁迫  /  甜瓜  /  生理调控

The present study investigated the ameliorative effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on muskmelon seedlings subjected to saline-alkali stress. Using the melon variety Zhongbao No.1 as the test material, under pot cultivation conditions, the study investigated the effects of root application of five different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L) of 5-ALA on the growth changes, photosynthetic pigments, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant system of melon seedlings under 150 mg/L mixed salt-alkali stress. The results showed that under saline-alkali stress, exogenous 5-ALA at appropriate concentrations (100, 150 mg/L) significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area of muskmelon seedlings. It also increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments and soluble sugars, proline content was reduced but still remained higher than that of CK, and significantly reducing both MDA content and O2- generation rate. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, specifically SOD, CAT, APX, and GR, along with GSH content, exhibited elevation. Although POD activity showed a decrease, it maintained significantly higher levels compared to the control treatment (CK). In addition, TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation analysis was conducted on different exogenous 5-ALA treatments based on all the above measurement indicators, and the results showed that SA150 treatment ranked first. Therefore, exogenous 5-ALA at a concentration of 150 mg/L exhibits the optimal effect in alleviating saline-alkali stress in muskmelon seedlings, which would provide a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of crops under saline-alkali stress conditions.

5-ALA  /  saline-alkali stress  /  melon  /  physiological regulation
蔡教聪, 杨宇, 沈思涵, 贯雨晴, 刘锋, 郑中兵. 外源5-ALA对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2667 -2676 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.012
Jiaocong CAI, Yu YANG, Sihan SHEN, Yuqing GUAN, Feng LIU, Zhongbing ZHENG. Alleviating Effect of Exogenous 5-ALA on Melon Seedlings under Saline-alkali Stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2667 -2676 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.012
甜瓜(Cucumis melon L.)作为葫芦科一年生蔓性草本植物中的典型代表,以其清脆爽口、甘甜多汁的独特口感及其丰富的营养成分,深受消费者欢迎。甜瓜是一种重要的园艺作物,在我国的设施栽培上应用十分广泛。我国设施瓜生产起步于20世纪80年代,种植面积从20世纪90年代的几万亩,经过30多年的发展,到现在已达600万亩左右[1-2]。在设施甜瓜栽培生产过程中,因设施栽培环境相对封闭,几乎无雨水冲淋,温湿度高,且复种指数较高,土壤更容易受到化肥过度使用和灌溉不足等多种因素的不良影响,从而导致次生盐碱化发生[3]。与中性盐胁迫不同,盐碱胁迫不仅会导致植物失去水分、萎蔫、营养失衡和离子中毒,还会引发高pH胁迫[4],从而对植物造成更大的伤害,这不仅对甜瓜产量和品质形成较大的威胁,甚至制约设施甜瓜产业可持续发展。因此,减轻设施甜瓜盐碱胁迫,提高甜瓜的耐盐碱性已成为甜瓜产业亟待解决的问题。
为了缓解盐碱胁迫,添加外源物质被认为是增强植物在盐碱条件下耐受性和提高作物产量的一种简便、高效且经济的方法[5]。5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-aminolevulinic acid,5-ALA)是一种天然存在的非蛋白氨基酸,广泛存在于动植物及微生物的细胞生命活动中,同时也是合成维生素B12、叶绿素、血红素等四吡咯类化合物的关键前体物质[6]。已有研究表明,5-ALA不仅在植物的光合、呼吸和蒸腾过程中起到关键作用,还有助于植物的生长和发展。在逆境环境中,5-ALA被视为一种有潜力的植物生长调节剂,可显著增强植物对非生物胁迫(如干旱、盐碱、极端温度等)的抗逆性[7]。卢洁春等[8]研究表明,在盐碱胁迫下,外源ALA处理能够保持叶绿素含量的稳定;同时促进脯氨酸含量的升高,为维持细胞内部渗透势的平衡提供保障;此外还能增强大豆叶片中抗氧化酶的活力,帮助消除细胞内过量的自由基,降低膜结构受损程度,从而提高大豆耐盐碱性。牛钰等[9]研究表明,ALA可显著促进植株生长并提升生物量积累,同时提高光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性,并显著减轻盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制效应。ZHEN等[10]发现外源ALA的施用提高了黄瓜叶片的APX、CAT、GR的活性,从而缓解NaCl引起的氧化损伤。LIU等[11]研究发现外源ALA能有效缓解低温胁迫对番茄造成的伤害,降低细胞膜脂质过氧化程度和增强抗氧化酶系统活力,并对番茄的生长起到促进作用。NUNKAEW等[12]研究发现ALA通过提高总叶绿素及CAT、APX等抗氧化酶活性来促进盐碱稻田的生长。
外源5-ALA在缓解植物逆境胁迫方面有着重要的作用,但鲜见有关外源5-ALA缓解盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长效应的公开报道。因此,本研究以甜瓜幼苗为试验材料,通过在150 mmol/L盐碱胁迫(NaCl∶Na2SO4∶NaHCO3∶Na2CO3=9∶1∶ 1∶9,pH 10.8)下根施外源5-ALA,从生长变化、光合色素、活性氧(ROS)积累、渗透调节及抗氧化系统等方面,探究不同外源5-ALA浓度对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗生长的影响,为进一步明确5-ALA对盐碱化条件下甜瓜幼苗生理调控效应及抗盐碱栽培提供理论依据。
本研究采用的甜瓜品种为众宝一号,由新疆宝丰种业科技有限公司提供;5-ALA由广西南宁汉和生物科技有限公司提供;育苗基质购自山东天酵源生物科技有限公司。
试验于2024年11月至2025年3月在三亚市崖州区海南大学三亚南繁研究院(18°32′N,109°16′E)人工气候室内进行。采用单因素随机区组方法,5-ALA浓度分别设定为25、50、100、150、200 mg/L,盐碱胁迫条件为150 mmol/L混合盐碱溶液(NaCl∶Na2SO4∶ NaHCO3∶Na2CO3=9∶1∶1∶9,pH 10.8),该浓度通过前期预实验筛选确定。试验挑选大小均匀、颗粒饱满的甜瓜种子,经过温汤浸种催芽处理后,挑选发芽状态一致的种子,播种至72孔塑料穴盘内,置于适宜环境下培养,期间给予适当水肥等管理。当甜瓜幼苗生长至2叶1心期时,将其移栽至装有基质的育苗盆中,先对甜瓜幼苗进行盐碱胁迫处理,为避免盐激反应,以50 mmol/L作为每日递增浓度,达到设定浓度后,再同步开展外源物质浇灌与盐碱胁迫处理,每隔2 d处理1次,处理7 d后取样进行相关指标测定,3次重复,每处理30株。试验共设7个处理:(1)CK,浇灌纯净水;(2)S,浇灌150 mmol/L混合盐碱溶液;(3)SA25,浇灌150 mmol/L混合盐碱+25 mg/L 5-ALA溶液;(4)SA50,浇灌150 mmol/L混合盐碱+50 mg/L 5-ALA溶液;(5)SA100,浇灌150 mmol/L混合盐碱+100 mg/L 5-ALA溶液;(6)SA150,浇灌150 mmol/L混合盐碱+150 mg/L 5-ALA溶液;(7)SA200,浇灌150 mmol/L混合盐碱+200 mg/L 5-ALA溶液。
(1)生长表型指标的测定。处理结束后,各处理随机选取10株甜瓜植株测定指标。株高:使用直尺进行测量植株子叶节至生长点的高度。茎粗:使用数显游标卡尺测量植物子叶节下方1 cm位置测量其横纵向宽度后取平均值。用直尺测量第2片叶的长度、宽度,叶面积采用称重法[13]进行测定。
(2)光合色素指标含量的测定。参照李合生[14]的方法测定叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量。
(3)活性氧(ROS)指标的测定。参照曹建康等[15]的方法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧阴离子(O2-)产生速率。
(4)渗透调节系统指标的测定。参照曹建康等[15]的方法测定可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量。
(5)抗氧化系统指标的测定。参照曹建康等[15]的方法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性以及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。
参照张鹏[16]的评价方法,对外源5-ALA处理的盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的生长变化、光合色素、活性氧(ROS)积累、渗透调节及抗氧化系统等全部指标进行TOPSIS分析。
使用Excel 2019软件进行数据整理及可视化分析,使用SPSS 27.0软件进行单因素方差分析和邓肯多重比较检验(α=0.05)。
表1可知,盐碱胁迫下,随着外源5-ALA浓度的升高,甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶宽、叶长及叶面积均表现出先升后降的趋势,且在SA100处理下效果最为明显。相较于CK,S处理下的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽和叶面积分别显著降低33.7%、11.7%、15.3%、12.8%和26.3%。各外源5-ALA浓度处理下的株高、茎粗、叶宽、叶长和叶面积与S处理的差异均达到显著水平,其中除了茎粗在SA150处理下最为明显外,株高、叶宽、叶长及叶面积均在SA100处理下最为明显,且分别比S处理提高56.4%、15.2%、17.1%和34.8%。此外,除了SA200处理下的株高与CK处理有显著差异外,其余各外源5-ALA浓度处理下的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽和叶面积与CK相比均未达到差异显著。由此说明,外源5-ALA对盐碱胁迫抑制甜瓜幼苗生长的作用具有显著缓解效果,且在SA100处理下效果最为显著。
图1所示,在盐碱条件下,随着外源5-ALA浓度的逐步增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及类胡萝卜素的含量均呈现出先升后降的动态变化趋势。而且与CK相比,S处理的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别提高10.0%、16.7%、11.7%和11.5%,但均未达到显著差异。而相较于CK和S,各外源5-ALA浓度处理下的4种色素含量均提高,且均在SA50处理时含量最大。此外,与S相比,经SA50处理后,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别提高27.7%、41.4%、31.3%和33.3%,但除叶绿素b达到显著差异外,其余各色素均未达到显著差异。但相较于CK,SA50处理下的4种色素含量均显著提高。由此可知,50 mg/L的外源5-ALA处理下可有效提高盐碱胁迫下的色素含量,尤其对叶绿素b的影响更大。
图2A所示,在盐碱胁迫下,随着外源5-ALA浓度的增加MDA含量整体呈下降的趋势,且在SA100处理下达到最低。与CK相比,S、SA25和SA50处理下的MDA含量分别显著提高20.5%、38.4%和25.0%。与S相比,SA100、SA150和SA200处理下的MDA含量分别下降了38.3%、20.9%和31.7%,且均达到显著差异。另外,CK与SA150、SA200处理下MDA的含量差异不显著,而与SA100处理下的MDA含量差异显著。由图2B可知,O2-产生速率整体上随着外源5-ALA浓度的增加呈下降趋势,且在SA150处理下达到最低。S处理下的O2-产生速率相较于CK提高21.9%;与S相比,SA50、SA100、SA150和SA200处理下O2-产生速率分别下降13.2%、20.8%、36.0%和18.9%,其中SA150处理达到显著差异。此外,SA50、SA100、SA150和SA200处理相较于CK的O2-产生速率无明显差异。可见,盐碱胁迫会加快甜瓜叶片的MDA含量的积累和O2-产生速率,且在100、150 mg/L 5-ALA时对抑制MDA含量积累和降低O2-产生速率的效果最佳。
图3A所示,随着外源5-ALA浓度的增加,脯氨酸含量呈现先升后降的趋势,且在SA150处理时达到最高。S处理下的脯氨酸含量与CK相比上升66.5%,但未达到显著水平。与S相比,SA25、SA50、SA100、SA150和SA200处理下的脯氨酸含量分别降低28.4%、39.1%、25.6%、23.6%和61.5%,其中除SA200处理达到显著水平外,其余各处理均未达到显著水平。此外,SA25、SA50、SA100、SA150和SA200处理下的脯氨酸含量相较于CK均未达到显著水平。如图3B所示,在盐碱胁迫下,外源5-ALA浓度逐渐增加的过程中,可溶性糖含量整体上呈先升后降的趋势,且在SA100处理条件下达到峰值。此外,在S处理条件下,可溶性糖含量较CK显著提升23.6%;且相较于S,SA25、SA50、SA100、SA150和SA200处理下可溶性糖含量分别显著提升35.8%、39.1%、61.3%、46.6%和44.5%,其中SA100提升最为显著。由此可知,外源5-ALA可提高盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗可溶性糖含量,降低其脯氨酸含量,且分别在SA150和SA100处理时效果最佳。
图4所示,各抗氧化系统指标随着外源5-ALA浓度的增加均呈先升后降的趋势,且均在SA100或SA150处理下达到最高。与CK相比,S处理下的POD、APX和GR活性分别提高423.7%、8.8%和32.6%,其中POD活性达到显著差异,而SOD和CAT活性分别降低10.0%和22.8%,但均未达到显著水平;此外,S处理下的GSH含量较CK提高6.8%,差异不显著。在各外源5-ALA浓度处理下,POD、APX和GR活性在SA100时达到最大,且与CK相比分别显著提高346.9%、20.7%和214.1%;而APX和GR活性较S处理分别提高11.0%和136.8%,其中APX活性与S处理的差异达到显著水平,POD活性较S处理却降低14.6%;此外,SOD、CAT活性以及GSH含量在SA150处理下达到最大且较CK分别提高40.6%、5.2%和17.7%,其中GSH含量差异显著。而与S处理相比,SA150处理下的SOD和CAT活性分别显著提高56.2%和36.2%,GSH含量较S处理提高10.1%,但未达到显著水平。由此说明,盐碱条件下POD、APX、GR活性和GSH含量会升高,但SOD、CAT活性会降低,而在外源5-ALA处理下这些抗氧化酶活性和GSH含量会进一步升高,尤其在SA100或SA150处理的效果更为明显;而外源5-ALA处理下POD活性则会降低,但相较于CK仍明显提高。
根据各处理相对接近度Ci的排序结果可知,在盐碱胁迫下,不同外源5-ALA处理对甜瓜幼苗缓解效应的综合表现为:SA150>SA100>SA50>SA25>SA200>CK>S(表2)。由此可见,施用外源50~150 mg/L的5-ALA可有效缓解甜瓜幼苗的盐碱胁迫损伤,其中以150 mg/L处理组的缓解效果最佳。
当植物面临逆境胁迫时,幼苗生长状态会发生显著改变,这些形态学上的变化既反映了环境胁迫的作用强度,也为评估外源物质的缓解效应提供了直观依据。株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽及叶面积均为可直观体现植物生长状况的重要指标。相关研究已证明,一定浓度的盐碱胁迫会显著降低高羊茅的株高和叶宽[17],葡萄幼苗茎粗的相对生长量显著降低[18],黄瓜幼苗的叶面积减小[19]。此外,前人研究发现,在盐胁迫条件下,对玉米幼苗外施不同浓度的5-ALA后,其株高和单株叶面积均随5-ALA浓度的增加呈先升后降的变化趋势[20]。而本研究结果表明,在盐碱条件下,甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽及叶面积的生长均受到明显抑制,而外源5-ALA处理后能有效缓解其生长受到的阻碍,且在100、150 mg/L ALA效果较为明显,这与上述的研究结果一致。
光合色素通过捕获光能驱动原初光反应,其能量吸收与传递效率直接影响PSⅡ反应中心的光能转化,是评估植物光合能力及抗逆性的重要指标[21]。而叶绿素作为绿色植物进行光合作用的主要光合色素,其含量直接关系到光合作用的进程。在本研究中,盐碱胁迫下,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素以及类胡萝卜素的含量均高于对照,这与王素平等[22]在盐碱胁迫黄瓜研究中的发现一致;而施加外源5-ALA后,在SA50处理下其4种光合色素含量显著提升,这与姚侠妹等[23]在栀子花上的研究结果基本一致。这可能是由于外源5-ALA对遭受盐碱胁迫的叶绿体具有保护功能,一方面通过提高叶绿素合成相关酶的活性以促进叶绿素合成,同时减缓叶绿素的降解速率;另一方面,该物质还能通过活化诱导酶的活性,进而提升光合效率。
作为渗透调节的关键物质,可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸既能调控离子浓度和渗透压,又能清除活性氧及其衍生物,以此维持植物细胞的渗透稳态,从而在逆境条件下对植物起保护作用[24]。本研究中,甜瓜幼苗在盐碱胁迫下可溶性糖量和脯氨酸含量升高,当用不同浓度的外源5-ALA处理后,可溶性糖量含量进一步提高以保护盐碱胁迫对甜瓜幼苗造成的伤害,而脯氨酸含量则降低并维持在正常水平。杨莎等[25]研究表明在盐胁迫条件下,花生叶片中会大量积累脯氨酸,而外源施加5-ALA能够有效抑制这一积累过程,并将其含量稳定在较低水平;张嘉祥等[26]研究表明,盐胁迫显著诱导玉米叶片可溶性糖的积累,且在25 mg/L 5-ALA处理后达到最高值的研究结果基本一致。这是由于在逆境条件下,细胞内可溶性糖会主动积累,通过降低渗透势促进细胞吸水;施加适宜浓度(100 mg/L)的外源5-ALA后,可溶性糖含量进一步增加,细胞的吸水能力随之持续增强,从而缓解细胞内的渗透胁迫,同时脯氨酸积累量随之减少,进而提升植物的耐盐碱性。
在逆境胁迫条件下,植物体内会大量积累活性氧(ROS),引发膜脂肪酸中不饱和键的过氧化反应,进而形成MDA[27]。通常情况下,MDA的积累量可反映植物细胞的受损程度,同时也可作为评估植物抵抗逆境能力的重要指标。张嘉祥等[26]研究表明,外源ALA有助于缓解盐胁迫对玉米幼苗细胞膜的损伤并抑制丙二醛积累;此外,外源ALA对盐胁迫下高粱植株MDA的积累具有明显的抑制作用[28]。本研究中,在盐碱胁迫下,甜瓜幼苗叶片内会出现活性氧大量积累的现象,即O2-生速率和MDA含量均显著升高,从而加剧膜脂过氧化程度;而适宜浓度(100、150 mg/L)外源5-ALA处理后显著降低MDA含量和O2-产生速率,有效缓解ROS引起的氧化胁迫,从而能够保护细胞膜结构,这与上述结果基本一致。
植物在盐碱条件下,会刺激体内活性氧自由基(ROS)的积累,进而对细胞膜的组织构造和生理机能造成损害,为缓解此类不利影响,植物会借助酶促与非酶促防御系统来清除ROS,以此保护质膜免受氧化损伤,增强其耐盐碱性[25]。酶促系统主要包括SOD、POD、CAT以及APX和GR等相关酶;非酶促系统主要包括GSH和AsA等抗氧化物质[29]。杨莎等[25]研究表明,盐胁迫显著抑制花生叶片SOD和CAT活性,而外源ALA处理可明显缓解这一活性抑制现象;聂文婧等[30]研究表明,黄瓜幼苗的抗氧化系统在盐碱胁迫初期被激活,其体内的POD、APX和GR等抗氧化酶活性及GSH含量得到提高;曹碧珍[31]研究表明,外源ALA处理显著提高了枇杷叶片GSH含量,并激活了GR和APX的酶活性;陈罡等[27]研究发现,对于NaCl胁迫下的西瓜幼苗,ALA处理可显著提高其叶片中SOD、CAT及POD的活性。在本研究中,盐碱胁迫下SOD和CAT活性降低,而POD、APX和GR活性增强及GSH含量上升;在适宜浓度(100、150 mg/L)外源5-ALA处理下,可显著提高盐碱胁迫下甜瓜叶片中SOD、CAT和GR活性,此外APX活性和GSH含量也有一定程度的升高,而降低了POD活性但较CK而言仍显著增强,这与上述研究结果基本一致。
综上所述,在150 mmol/L混合盐碱胁迫下,施加适宜浓度(100、150 mg/L)的外源5-ALA后,甜瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽及叶面积显著上升,光合色素和可溶性糖含量显著升高,脯氨酸含量降低但较CK仍上升,MDA含量和O2-产生速率显著降低,SOD、CAT、APX和GR活性及GSH含量均增强,而POD活性降低但较CK仍显著上升。此外,对不同外源5-ALA处理所测定指标进行TOPSIS综合评价分析,排序结果表明SA150处理(150 mg/L)是外源5-ALA缓解甜瓜幼苗盐碱胁迫的最优浓度。
  • 国家重点研发计划专项(2024YFD2401300)
  • 海南大学横向项目(HD-KYH-2022384; HD-KYH-2022216-2)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.012
  • 接收时间:2025-08-07
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07
  • 录用日期:2025-08-16
基金
国家重点研发计划专项(2024YFD2401300)
海南大学横向项目(HD-KYH-2022384; HD-KYH-2022216-2)
作者信息
    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
    2.湛江中粤能源有限公司,广东湛江 524099
    3.海南大学海洋科学与工程学院/海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院),海南海口 570228

通讯作者:

* 郑中兵(ZHENG Zhongbing),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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