Article(id=1276616444351738411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750780800000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1754409600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-06, onlineDate=1782298678720, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298678720, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298678720, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298678720, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616263778562546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='2549', pageEnd='2815', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298635668, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299117657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618285483426694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618285487620999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2583, endPage=2591, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616444632756781, articleId=1276616444351738411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Quality Evaluation and Analysis of Major Mango Cultivars in the Baise Region, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Six mango varieties (Guiqi Mang, Tainong Mang, Guifei Mang, Jinhuang Mang, Ivory Mang, and Jade Mang) mainly planted in Baise were selected as the research objects, and 22 quality indicators (including appearance quality, internal quality.) were analyzed. The results indicated that the coefficient of variation for indexes such as single fruit weight and fruit shape index exceeded 10% among different varieties in appearance quality. For intrinsic quality, Guiqi mango performed optimally in sweetness-related indexes (TSS, total sugar, soluble sugar) and flavor coordination (solid-acid ratio, sugar-acid ratio), with the highest Vc content reaching 36.6 mg/100 g, while Tainong mango had the lowest Vc content at 28.7 mg/100 g. Yumang mango had the highest contents of phenolic substances (4.33 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (1.12 mg/100 g). Guifei mango and Yumang mango had relatively high protein contents, both at 1.0 g/100 g. Further analysis indicated that there existed both relative independence and close correlation among multiple quality index variables of mango. The 5 principal components extracted by principal component analysis accounted for 100% of the information of the above indexes, and the comprehensive quality ranking was as follows: Yumang mango>Guiqi mango>Tainong mango>Xiangya mango>Guifei mango>Jinhuang mango. Systematic clustering classified the 22 quality indexes into 3 categories: bioactive components (e.g., vitamins, flavonoids), fruit flavor characteristics (e.g., sugar-acid related indexes), and mineral elements (e.g., potassium, calcium). The results revealed the characteristic differences in fruit quality among the main mango varieties in Baise, and suggested that principal component analysis and systematic clustering analysis could be applied to simplify the evaluation of mango fruit quality.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chao KANG, Fengting LIU, Mi LAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616445496783411, articleId=1276616444351738411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=百色地区主栽芒果品种品质评价与分析, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以百色主栽的6个芒果品种(桂七芒、台农芒、贵妃芒、金煌芒、象牙芒、玉芒)为研究对象,系统分析其22项外观及内在品质指标。研究结果显示:在外观品质方面,不同品种的芒果单果质量、果形指数等指标变异系数超10%;内在品质中,桂七芒在甜度相关指标(TSS、总糖、可溶性糖)及风味协调性(固酸比、糖酸比)上表现最优,其维生素C(Vc)含量最高,达36.6 mg/100 g,而台农芒的Vc含量最低,达28.7 mg/100 g;玉芒的酚类物质(4.33 mg/100 g)和黄酮类物质(1.12 mg/100 g)含量突出;贵妃芒和玉芒的蛋白质含量相对较高,均为1.0 g/100 g。进一步分析结果表明,芒果的多个品质指标变量间存在相对独立性和密切相关性,主成分分析提取的5个主成分代表了以上指标100%的信息,综合品质排序为:玉芒>桂七芒>台农芒>象牙芒>贵妃芒>金煌芒。系统聚类分析将22项品质指标划分为以下3类:生物活性成分(如维生素、黄酮类物质)、果实风味特征(如糖酸相关指标等)、矿物质元素(如钾、钙等)。研究结果揭示百色地区主栽不同品种芒果果实品质的特征差异,主成分分析、系统聚类分析可用于简化芒果果实品质评价工作。

, authors=

* 同等贡献作者

康超(1985—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品工程

刘凤听(1986—),男,学士,实验师,研究方向:食品科学。

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Agriculture and Natural Resources, 2018, 52: 208-214., articleTitle=Fruit quality and antioxidant capacity of six Thai mango cultivars, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616453205914240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=297, pageEnd=306, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=34, authorNames=黄立标, 袁艺洋, 陈琳, 杨美艳, 彭志愿, 卢小停, 高向阳, journalName=食品工业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄立标, 袁艺洋, 陈琳, 杨美艳, 彭志愿, 卢小停, 高向阳. 基于主成分分析和HS-SPME-GC-MS技术综合评价不同品种芒果品质特性[J]. 食品工业科技, 2023, 44(3): 297-306., articleTitle=基于主成分分析和HS-SPME-GC-MS技术综合评价不同品种芒果品质特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616453281411713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=3, pageStart=297, pageEnd=306, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=35, authorNames=HUANG L B, YUAN Y Y, CHEN L, YANG M Y, PENG Z Y, LU X T, GAO X Y, journalName=Science and Technology of Food Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG L B, YUAN Y Y, CHEN L, YANG M Y, PENG Z Y, LU X T, GAO X Y. Comprehensive evaluation of quality characteristics of different mango varieties based on principal component analysis and HS-SPME-GC-MS[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(3): 297-306. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Comprehensive evaluation of quality characteristics of different mango varieties based on principal component analysis and HS-SPME-GC-MS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616453365297794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=35, issue=11, pageStart=2168, pageEnd=2172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=石胜友, 马小卫, 许文天, 周毅刚, 武红霞, 姚全胜, 罗纯, 王松标, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石胜友, 马小卫, 许文天, 周毅刚, 武红霞, 姚全胜, 罗纯, 王松标. 不同芒果种质果实品质性状多样性分析[J]. 热带作物学报, 2014, 35(11): 2168-2172., articleTitle=不同芒果种质果实品质性状多样性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616453436600963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=35, issue=11, pageStart=2168, pageEnd=2172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=37, authorNames=SHI S Y, MA X W, XU W T, ZHOU Y G, WU H X, YAO Q S, LUO C, WANG S B, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI S Y, MA X W, XU W T, ZHOU Y G, WU H X, YAO Q S, LUO C, WANG S B. Diversity analysis of fruit quality traits in different mango germplasms[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2014, 35(11): 2168-2172. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Diversity analysis of fruit quality traits in different mango germplasms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616453512098436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=1818, pageEnd=1824, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=38, authorNames=辛明, 张娥珍, 何全光, 阳仁桂, 罗慧馨, 黄振勇, 苏燕竹, 黄茂康, journalName=南方农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=辛明, 张娥珍, 何全光, 阳仁桂, 罗慧馨, 黄振勇, 苏燕竹, 黄茂康. 芒果果实品质评价因子的选择[J]. 南方农业学报, 2014, 45(10): 1818-1824., articleTitle=芒果果实品质评价因子的选择, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616453595984517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=1818, pageEnd=1824, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=39, authorNames=XIN M, ZHANG E Z, HE Q G, YANG R G, LUO H X, HUANG Z Y, SU Y Z, HUANG M K, journalName=Journal of Southern Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIN M, ZHANG E Z, HE Q G, YANG R G, LUO H X, HUANG Z Y, SU Y Z, HUANG M K. Selection of evaluation factors for mango fruit quality[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2014, 45(10): 1818-1824. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Selection of evaluation factors for mango fruit quality, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276616450567696987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, awardId=桂科AB25069305, language=CN, fundingSource=广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB25069305), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276616450639000156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, awardId=2020GXNSFAA297006, language=CN, fundingSource=广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297006), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276616450718691933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, awardId=2023001, language=CN, fundingSource=南宁市科技开发项目(2023001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276616445731664437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616445740053046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, companyId=1276616445731664437, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Food and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616445752635959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, companyId=1276616445731664437, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=南宁学院食品与质量工程学院,广西南宁 530200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276616449095496271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Clustering results of mango quality indicators, figureFileSmall=frjXnMv6LcSzM0974E4XRA==, figureFileBig=/O2FIUveWrRK5oEGcu8ciQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616449179382352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=CN, label=图1, caption=芒果品质指标聚类结果, figureFileSmall=frjXnMv6LcSzM0974E4XRA==, figureFileBig=/O2FIUveWrRK5oEGcu8ciQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616449628172881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Single fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal diameters, fruit shape index and color difference of different mango varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety单果质量Single fruit mass/g横径Transverse diameter/cm纵径Longitudinal diameter/cm果形指数Fruit shape indexa*b*L*色差Color difference
桂七芒325.36.48.21.33436544.48
台农芒260.55.78.11.413507341.71
贵妃芒680.68.210.41.322326849.68
金煌芒978.710.213.51.329367044.89
象牙芒450.56.811.31.78608136.56
玉芒248.75.38.61.65446845.36
最小值248.75.38.11.33326536.56
最大值978.710.213.51.729608149.68
平均数490.77.110.01.413.344.270.843.82
标准偏差288.01.82.10.210.310.05.64.43
CV/%58.6925.3521.0014.2977.4422.627.9110.11
), ArticleFig(id=1276616449716253266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同芒果品种果实单果重量、横纵径、果形指数、色差比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety单果质量Single fruit mass/g横径Transverse diameter/cm纵径Longitudinal diameter/cm果形指数Fruit shape indexa*b*L*色差Color difference
桂七芒325.36.48.21.33436544.48
台农芒260.55.78.11.413507341.71
贵妃芒680.68.210.41.322326849.68
金煌芒978.710.213.51.329367044.89
象牙芒450.56.811.31.78608136.56
玉芒248.75.38.61.65446845.36
最小值248.75.38.11.33326536.56
最大值978.710.213.51.729608149.68
平均数490.77.110.01.413.344.270.843.82
标准偏差288.01.82.10.210.310.05.64.43
CV/%58.6925.3521.0014.2977.4422.627.9110.11
), ArticleFig(id=1276616449888219731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Contents of TSS, TS, TA, SSC, edibe rate, solids-to-acid ratio and sugar-to-acid ratio of different mango varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种VarietyTSS/%含量Content可食率Edibe rate/%固酸比Solids-to-acid ratio糖酸比Sugar-to-acid ratio
总糖TS/[g·(100 g)–1]总酸TA/(g·kg–1可溶性糖SSC/(mg·g–1
桂七芒21.717.63.6166.472.36.0346.22
台农芒20.616.33.6143.674.15.7239.89
贵妃芒18.314.56.5141.879.82.8221.82
金煌芒16.416.55.7150.580.52.8826.40
象牙芒17.814.74.6142.476.43.8730.96
玉芒20.417.13.8165.370.55.3743.50
最小值16.414.53.6141.870.52.8221.82
最大值21.717.66.5166.480.56.0346.22
平均数19.216.14.6151.775.64.434.80
标准偏差2.011.261.2211.424.041.449.86
CV/%10.487.8326.527.535.3432.7328.33
), ArticleFig(id=1276616449972105812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同芒果品种果实TSS、总糖、总酸、可溶性糖、可食率、固酸比、糖酸比含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种VarietyTSS/%含量Content可食率Edibe rate/%固酸比Solids-to-acid ratio糖酸比Sugar-to-acid ratio
总糖TS/[g·(100 g)–1]总酸TA/(g·kg–1可溶性糖SSC/(mg·g–1
桂七芒21.717.63.6166.472.36.0346.22
台农芒20.616.33.6143.674.15.7239.89
贵妃芒18.314.56.5141.879.82.8221.82
金煌芒16.416.55.7150.580.52.8826.40
象牙芒17.814.74.6142.476.43.8730.96
玉芒20.417.13.8165.370.55.3743.50
最小值16.414.53.6141.870.52.8221.82
最大值21.717.66.5166.480.56.0346.22
平均数19.216.14.6151.775.64.434.80
标准偏差2.011.261.2211.424.041.449.86
CV/%10.487.8326.527.535.3432.7328.33
), ArticleFig(id=1276616450039214677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Contents of mineral, Vc, protein, fat, phenolic compounds and flavonoids in fruits of different mango varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety含量Content
K/[mg·(100 g)–1]Ca/[mg·(100 g)–1]Mg/[mg·(100 g)–1]Fe/[mg·(100 g)–1]Zn/[mg·(100 g)–1]Vc/[mg·(100 g)–1]蛋白质Protein/[g·(100 g)–1]脂肪Fat/[g·(100 g)–1]酚类Phenolic/[mg·(100 g)–1]黄酮Flavonoids/[mg·(100 g)–1]
桂七芒150.310.213.40.20.1836.60.90.17433.930.91
台农芒136.512.312.80.40.1628.70.70.30564.120.89
贵妃芒144.210.511.20.50.1732.51.00.24623.810.77
金煌芒158.411.213.90.40.1530.40.70.23974.020.93
象牙芒163.610.413.30.40.1634.20.80.26783.920.95
玉芒154.511.612.80.40.1430.91.00.31324.331.12
最小值136.510.211.20.20.1428.70.70.17433.810.77
最大值163.612.313.90.50.1836.61.00.31324.331.12
平均值151.311.012.90.40.1632.20.850.25784.020.93
标准偏差9.820.820.930.100.012.850.140.05000.180.11
CV/%6.497.457.2025.006.258.8546.4719.39004.4811.83
), ArticleFig(id=1276616450118906454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同芒果品种果实矿物质成分、Vc、蛋白质、脂肪、酚类物质、黄酮类物质含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety含量Content
K/[mg·(100 g)–1]Ca/[mg·(100 g)–1]Mg/[mg·(100 g)–1]Fe/[mg·(100 g)–1]Zn/[mg·(100 g)–1]Vc/[mg·(100 g)–1]蛋白质Protein/[g·(100 g)–1]脂肪Fat/[g·(100 g)–1]酚类Phenolic/[mg·(100 g)–1]黄酮Flavonoids/[mg·(100 g)–1]
桂七芒150.310.213.40.20.1836.60.90.17433.930.91
台农芒136.512.312.80.40.1628.70.70.30564.120.89
贵妃芒144.210.511.20.50.1732.51.00.24623.810.77
金煌芒158.411.213.90.40.1530.40.70.23974.020.93
象牙芒163.610.413.30.40.1634.20.80.26783.920.95
玉芒154.511.612.80.40.1430.91.00.31324.331.12
最小值136.510.211.20.20.1428.70.70.17433.810.77
最大值163.612.313.90.50.1836.61.00.31324.331.12
平均值151.311.012.90.40.1632.20.850.25784.020.93
标准偏差9.820.820.930.100.012.850.140.05000.180.11
CV/%6.497.457.2025.006.258.8546.4719.39004.4811.83
), ArticleFig(id=1276616450194403927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

principal component loading matrix, eigenvectors, eigenvalues and variance contribution rates of mango quality indicators

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标Quality indicators主成分载荷矩阵Principal component loading matrix特征向量Eigenvector
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5P1P2P3P4P5
X1–0.2030.1100.7050.666–0.082–0.070.050.370.43–0.07
X20.338–0.7390.087–0.576–0.0090.11–0.330.05–0.37–0.01
X30.2230.2030.843–0.097–0.4350.070.090.44–0.06–0.35
X4–0.584–0.738–0.2480.0730.219–0.19–0.33–0.130.050.18
X5–0.0930.767–0.574–0.068–0.262–0.030.34–0.30–0.04–0.21
X60.0680.825–0.0980.544–0.0930.020.37–0.050.35–0.07
X70.1750.159–0.3900.5080.7310.060.07–0.200.330.59
X80.198–0.979–0.0360.0390.0180.06–0.44–0.020.030.01
X90.671–0.5570.399–0.1160.2590.22–0.250.21–0.070.21
X100.623–0.3190.6150.3160.1770.20–0.140.320.200.14
X11–0.1450.7290.525–0.3020.286–0.050.320.27–0.190.23
X120.8810.245–0.381–0.1230.0620.290.11–0.20–0.080.05
X130.7080.3160.449–0.3880.2160.230.140.23–0.250.17
X14–0.944–0.013–0.0930.0410.314–0.31–0.01–0.050.030.25
X150.6830.4230.3780.0510.4580.220.190.200.030.37
X16–0.98600.028–0.156–0.058–0.3200.01–0.10–0.05
X170.9630.130–0.110–0.143–0.1540.320.06–0.06–0.09–0.12
X180.9770.1760.089–0.061–0.0580.320.080.05–0.04–0.05
X19–0.8910.1100.367–0.1900.154–0.290.050.19–0.120.12
X20–0.8740.2010.362–0.2300.105–0.290.090.19–0.150.08
X21–0.835–0.0490.5390.082–0.065–0.27–0.020.280.05–0.05
X220.294–0.5060.1600.744–0.2800.10–0.230.080.48–0.23
初始特征值9.3175.0353.6812.4241.5439.3175.0353.6812.4241.543
贡献率/%42.34822.88816.73411.0187.01242.34822.88816.73411.0187.012
累计贡献率/%42.34865.23681.97092.98810042.34865.23681.97092.988100.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276616450328621656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

芒果品质指标的各主成分载荷矩阵、特征向量、特征值及方差贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品质指标Quality indicators主成分载荷矩阵Principal component loading matrix特征向量Eigenvector
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5P1P2P3P4P5
X1–0.2030.1100.7050.666–0.082–0.070.050.370.43–0.07
X20.338–0.7390.087–0.576–0.0090.11–0.330.05–0.37–0.01
X30.2230.2030.843–0.097–0.4350.070.090.44–0.06–0.35
X4–0.584–0.738–0.2480.0730.219–0.19–0.33–0.130.050.18
X5–0.0930.767–0.574–0.068–0.262–0.030.34–0.30–0.04–0.21
X60.0680.825–0.0980.544–0.0930.020.37–0.050.35–0.07
X70.1750.159–0.3900.5080.7310.060.07–0.200.330.59
X80.198–0.979–0.0360.0390.0180.06–0.44–0.020.030.01
X90.671–0.5570.399–0.1160.2590.22–0.250.21–0.070.21
X100.623–0.3190.6150.3160.1770.20–0.140.320.200.14
X11–0.1450.7290.525–0.3020.286–0.050.320.27–0.190.23
X120.8810.245–0.381–0.1230.0620.290.11–0.20–0.080.05
X130.7080.3160.449–0.3880.2160.230.140.23–0.250.17
X14–0.944–0.013–0.0930.0410.314–0.31–0.01–0.050.030.25
X150.6830.4230.3780.0510.4580.220.190.200.030.37
X16–0.98600.028–0.156–0.058–0.3200.01–0.10–0.05
X170.9630.130–0.110–0.143–0.1540.320.06–0.06–0.09–0.12
X180.9770.1760.089–0.061–0.0580.320.080.05–0.04–0.05
X19–0.8910.1100.367–0.1900.154–0.290.050.19–0.120.12
X20–0.8740.2010.362–0.2300.105–0.290.090.19–0.150.08
X21–0.835–0.0490.5390.082–0.065–0.27–0.020.280.05–0.05
X220.294–0.5060.1600.744–0.2800.10–0.230.080.48–0.23
初始特征值9.3175.0353.6812.4241.5439.3175.0353.6812.4241.543
贡献率/%42.34822.88816.73411.0187.01242.34822.88816.73411.0187.012
累计贡献率/%42.34865.23681.97092.98810042.34865.23681.97092.988100.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276616450408313433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616444351738411, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Comprehensive scores of principal component analysis for different mango varieties

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品种Variety得分Score综合得分Comprehensive score排名Ranking
P1P2P3P4P5
桂七芒–28.2818.9428.242.056.1827.132
台农芒–22.8614.3423.532.324.8022.133
贵妃芒–80.1719.6837.49–2.698.49–17.215
金煌芒–116.6024.7449.50–6.4811.33–37.516
象牙芒–50.0717.1631.391.486.236.194
玉芒–19.0716.0925.343.435.2931.091
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不同芒果品种品质主成分分析综合得分

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品种Variety得分Score综合得分Comprehensive score排名Ranking
P1P2P3P4P5
桂七芒–28.2818.9428.242.056.1827.132
台农芒–22.8614.3423.532.324.8022.133
贵妃芒–80.1719.6837.49–2.698.49–17.215
金煌芒–116.6024.7449.50–6.4811.33–37.516
象牙芒–50.0717.1631.391.486.236.194
玉芒–19.0716.0925.343.435.2931.091
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百色地区主栽芒果品种品质评价与分析
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康超 , 刘凤听 , 兰蜜
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(11): 2583-2591
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2025 , 46 (11) : 2583 -2591
百色地区主栽芒果品种品质评价与分析
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康超(1985—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:食品工程

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康超, 刘凤听, 兰蜜
作者信息
  • 南宁学院食品与质量工程学院,广西南宁 530200
Quality Evaluation and Analysis of Major Mango Cultivars in the Baise Region
Chao KANG, Fengting LIU, Mi LAN
Affiliations
  • College of Food and Quality Engineering, Nanning University, Nanning, Guangxi 530200, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.004
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以百色主栽的6个芒果品种(桂七芒、台农芒、贵妃芒、金煌芒、象牙芒、玉芒)为研究对象,系统分析其22项外观及内在品质指标。研究结果显示:在外观品质方面,不同品种的芒果单果质量、果形指数等指标变异系数超10%;内在品质中,桂七芒在甜度相关指标(TSS、总糖、可溶性糖)及风味协调性(固酸比、糖酸比)上表现最优,其维生素C(Vc)含量最高,达36.6 mg/100 g,而台农芒的Vc含量最低,达28.7 mg/100 g;玉芒的酚类物质(4.33 mg/100 g)和黄酮类物质(1.12 mg/100 g)含量突出;贵妃芒和玉芒的蛋白质含量相对较高,均为1.0 g/100 g。进一步分析结果表明,芒果的多个品质指标变量间存在相对独立性和密切相关性,主成分分析提取的5个主成分代表了以上指标100%的信息,综合品质排序为:玉芒>桂七芒>台农芒>象牙芒>贵妃芒>金煌芒。系统聚类分析将22项品质指标划分为以下3类:生物活性成分(如维生素、黄酮类物质)、果实风味特征(如糖酸相关指标等)、矿物质元素(如钾、钙等)。研究结果揭示百色地区主栽不同品种芒果果实品质的特征差异,主成分分析、系统聚类分析可用于简化芒果果实品质评价工作。

芒果  /  主成分分析  /  聚类分析  /  品质评价

Six mango varieties (Guiqi Mang, Tainong Mang, Guifei Mang, Jinhuang Mang, Ivory Mang, and Jade Mang) mainly planted in Baise were selected as the research objects, and 22 quality indicators (including appearance quality, internal quality.) were analyzed. The results indicated that the coefficient of variation for indexes such as single fruit weight and fruit shape index exceeded 10% among different varieties in appearance quality. For intrinsic quality, Guiqi mango performed optimally in sweetness-related indexes (TSS, total sugar, soluble sugar) and flavor coordination (solid-acid ratio, sugar-acid ratio), with the highest Vc content reaching 36.6 mg/100 g, while Tainong mango had the lowest Vc content at 28.7 mg/100 g. Yumang mango had the highest contents of phenolic substances (4.33 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (1.12 mg/100 g). Guifei mango and Yumang mango had relatively high protein contents, both at 1.0 g/100 g. Further analysis indicated that there existed both relative independence and close correlation among multiple quality index variables of mango. The 5 principal components extracted by principal component analysis accounted for 100% of the information of the above indexes, and the comprehensive quality ranking was as follows: Yumang mango>Guiqi mango>Tainong mango>Xiangya mango>Guifei mango>Jinhuang mango. Systematic clustering classified the 22 quality indexes into 3 categories: bioactive components (e.g., vitamins, flavonoids), fruit flavor characteristics (e.g., sugar-acid related indexes), and mineral elements (e.g., potassium, calcium). The results revealed the characteristic differences in fruit quality among the main mango varieties in Baise, and suggested that principal component analysis and systematic clustering analysis could be applied to simplify the evaluation of mango fruit quality.

mango  /  principal component analysis  /  cluster analysis  /  quality evaluation
康超, 刘凤听, 兰蜜. 百色地区主栽芒果品种品质评价与分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2583 -2591 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.004
Chao KANG, Fengting LIU, Mi LAN. Quality Evaluation and Analysis of Major Mango Cultivars in the Baise Region[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2583 -2591 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.004
芒果别名杧果或檬果,属凉性水果,表面光滑无毛,其果实汁多香甜,具有独特的香气,也可作为药用或观赏。我国芒果主要产区包括云南、广西、海南、四川、广东、贵州、福建和台湾8个省(区)约100多个县市,形成了早、中、晚三大优势产业带[1]。其中,广西壮族自治区百色市作为我国重要的芒果产区,其地理区位与生态环境具有显著优势,特别是右江河谷地区干湿季明显,雨热同季,气候温暖,无霜期长达350~357 d,而且冬春少雨,春季回暧快[2-3],温度波动有利于光合产物的积累与转化,促进果实糖分积累。该地区土壤以赤红壤为主,pH 5.5~6.5,土壤有机质含量丰富,土层深厚且排水性能良好[4-5]。这些条件有利于作物的健康发育,为芒果根系发育提供了优越的立地条件。尽管百色芒果产业优势显著,但目前尚未有针对广西芒果不同品种在营养成分与品质方面进行系统且深入的比较和分析。广西百色芒果作为芒果中的重要类别,涵盖多个独具特色的品种,现有文献多聚焦于单一品种的理化特性分析[6-9]。谢若男等[10]对海南省不同产区台农和贵妃芒果的研究,虽揭示了同一品种在部分品质指标上的地域差异,但未涉及多品种间的综合对比;柳觐等[11]发现芒果部分品质性状存在相关性,却未深入分析不同品种间的共性与差异;罗香等[12]强调芒果的营养与药用价值,陈振威[13]提出百色右江河谷地区芒果品质与气温的关系,均未针对多品种开展系统研究。KULDEEP等[14]的研究虽关注芒果与其他水果混合后的营养特性,但与本研究聚焦单一地区多品种的方向不同。
基于此,本研究以广西百色田东县主栽的6个芒果品种为研究对象,通过系统测定果实的外观品质和内在品质指标,结合主成分分析和方差分析等统计方法,旨在建立科学的芒果品质评价体系。研究结果将为当地芒果品种结构优化、育种方向确定和栽培技术改进提供理论依据,同时为区域特色农产品品质评价提供方法学参考。
于广西百色田东地区采摘七八成熟以上的6个芒果品种(桂七芒、台农芒、贵妃芒、金煌芒、象牙芒、玉芒)果实各10个,选取果实成熟度完全,表面色泽均匀,无表面机械损坏的芒果果肉进行后续品质指标测定。
将采摘芒果样品在26 ℃恒温环境中放置3~5 d,自然成熟,达适宜成熟度后,每份随机取10个形态完整、成熟度均一的果实进行外观品质指标测定。随后去皮去核,取可食用部分用匀浆器充分打浆,匀浆分装后立即于–18 ℃保存,供后续品质指标测定。
6个芒果品种每品种随机选取10个果实用于外观品质测定。果实质量采用精度为0.01 g的电子天平称量,每个品种重复3次,取平均值;果实横径及纵径用精度为0.02 mm的游标卡尺测定,果形指数以纵径/横径计算;可食率测定参考谢若男等[10]的方法;利用色差仪测量果实表面色差,公式为:。式中,L*表示明亮度,a*表示红绿度,b*表示黄蓝度。
参照NY/T 2637—2014《水果和蔬菜可溶性固形物含量的测定》方法,用手持式糖量计测定TSS质量分数;参照GB/T 12456—2008《食品中总酸的测定》方法,采用酸碱滴定法测定总酸;参照GB 5009.7— 2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中还原糖的测定》方法测定总糖;参考蒽酮比色方法测定可溶性糖;采用可溶性固形物(TSS)含量与总酸含量的比值表示固酸比;采用总酸含量与可溶性糖含量的比值计算糖酸比。
参照GB/T 6195—1986《水果、蔬菜维生素C含量测定法(2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法)》方法,采用2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法紫外吸收测定Vc含量;参照《GB 5009.5—2016食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》凯氏定氮法测定蛋白质含量;参照《GB 5009.6—2016食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》用索氏抽提法测定脂肪含量。分别参照GB 5009.92—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中钙的测定》、GB 5009.241—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中镁的测定》、GB 5009.90—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中铁的测定》、GB 500914— 2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中锌的测定》、GB 5009.91—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中钾、钠的测定》测定钙、镁、铁、锌、钾、钠含量。
采用Excel 2023和SPSS 26.0软件进行数据处理,采用SPSS 26.0软件进行差异显著性、相关性及主成分分析。
表1可知,6个芒果品种中,金煌芒的单果质量最大,为978.7 g;其次为贵妃芒,单果质量为680.6 g;象牙芒、桂七芒的单果质量分别为450.5、325.5 g;台农芒、玉芒的单果质量最小,分别为260.5、248.7 g。金煌芒的纵径和横径最大;象牙芒的纵径次之;而贵妃芒的横径居第二;玉芒的横径最小。6种芒果的果形指数均在1.0以上,表明纵径大于横径;象牙芒和玉芒的果形指数最大,为1.7和1.6,呈长圆形;贵妃芒、桂七芒、金煌芒的果形指数最低且接近,果形指数均为1.3,为椭圆形。从变异系数(CV)来看,CV最大的是单果质量,为58.69%,说明6个芒果品种中单果质量数据点较分散,单果质量差异大;CV最小的是果形指数,仅为14.29%,说明不同品种芒果的果形指数差异不大。在全面评估水果外在品质时,需综合考虑所得数值的离散度。CV作为衡量数据离散程度的标准化指标,在本研究芒果外观品质分析中展现出重要价值。通过对6个品种各10个果实的测定数据进行标准化转换,有效消除不同外观性状(如单果质量、果形指数、硬度等)间量纲差异的干扰,为跨性状的变异性比较提供统一基准,使得不同品种间外观品质的稳定性评估更具科学性与可比性。
由芒果色度值测定结果可知,金煌芒的a*值最高,为29;贵妃芒次之;台农芒第三,a*值为13;玉芒和桂七芒最低,a*值均不超过10。象牙芒的b*值最高,为60;台农芒居中;贵妃芒最小,b*值为32。6个芒果品种的L*值范围在65~81之间,象牙芒最高,L*值达到81;台农芒和金煌芒次之;玉芒、贵妃芒和桂七芒较低。其中,CV最大的是a*值,为77.44%,说明a*值的差异较大,数据波动大;桂七芒的a*值仅为3,颜色为绿色;而金煌芒的a*值为29,a*值越大说明颜色偏红,反之偏绿。6个品种芒果的L*值平均为70.8,说明总体颜色偏亮;CV最小的是L*值,为7.91%,说明芒果的明亮程度接近。不同品种芒果在颜色参数上差异显著。品种间a*值的CV最大,L*值相对稳定。这些差异可用于芒果品种鉴别、成熟度判断以及品质评价等方面,为果实品质评估提供参考。
表2可知,桂七芒的TSS含量为21.7%,比金煌芒高5.3%,表明桂七芒果实中的有机物质含量高。其中,桂七芒的总糖含量最高,为17.6%;贵妃芒总糖含量最低,为14.5%。6个芒果品种中,总酸含量最高的是贵妃芒,为6.5 g/kg;桂七芒和台农芒的总酸含量最低,均为3.6 g/kg。桂七芒的可溶性糖含量最高,为166.4 mg/g;贵妃芒的可溶性糖含量最低。金煌芒的可食率最高,为80.5%;玉芒的可食率最低,为70.5%。桂七芒的固酸比最高,为6.03;而贵妃芒的固酸比只有2.82。桂七芒的糖酸比为46.22。桂七芒在甜度相关指标(TSS、总糖、可溶性糖)及风味协调性(固酸比、糖酸比)上表现最优,适合偏好高甜度风味的消费群体;贵妃芒因酸度较高(6.5 g/kg)而呈现独特酸甜风味,可能适合特定市场需求;金煌芒和贵妃芒的可食率较高(>80%),在加工领域具有原料利用率优势;台农芒则因甜度和软糯质地适中,在鲜食及果切产品中具有应用潜力。
表3可知,6个芒果品种的钾量含均超过100 mg/100 g,象牙芒的钾含量最高,为163.6 mg/100 g;其次为金煌芒,钾含量为158.4 mg/100 g;而台农芒的钾含量最低,为136.5 mg/100 g;芒果钾含量的不同可能与果实干物质积累量有关。6个芒果品种的钙含量范围在10.2~12.3 mg/100 g之间,平均值为11.0 mg/100 g。其中,台农芒的钙含量最高,为12.3 mg/100 g,可能与台农芒果肉细胞壁结构或栽培土壤钙供应有关,台农芒果皮较薄,钙在果肉中分布较多。镁是叶绿素核心元素,金煌芒的镁含量最高,可能因光合效率高导致镁向果实转移更多,贵妃芒的镁含量低可能与其糖酸代谢优先消耗镁有关。6个芒果品种的铁、锌含量均值偏低,分别为0.4 mg/100 g和0.16 mg/100 g。象牙芒和金煌芒的钾含量高,可以作为补钾选择;而台农芒的钾含量低,不宜作为补钾参考。桂七芒的Vc含量最高,为36.6 mg/100 g;台农芒的Vc含量最低,仅为28.7 mg/100 g。玉芒则在酚类和黄酮类物质上表现突出,分别为4.33 mg/100 g和1.12 mg/100 g,同时其脂肪含量最高,为0.3132 g/100 g;贵妃芒和玉芒的蛋白质含量相对较高,为1.0 g/100 g,台农芒在多项指标上表现中等。整体来看,桂七芒适合高抗氧化功能需求,玉芒在抗炎和风味上更具优势,而品种间的差异可能与遗传特性、栽培条件和成熟度等因素相关。
表4可知,通过主成分分析(PCA)提取的前5个主成分(principal component 1~5,PC1~5)累计方差解释率(CPV)达100%,显著高于Kaiser准则推荐阈值(80%),表明其可充分表征原始变量集的整体得分占比,第1主成分(PC1)的特征值达9.317,方差贡献率为42.348%,意味着它能解释数据总变异的42.348%,在所有主成分中对总变异的解释占比最大;第2主成分(PC2)的特征值为5.035,贡献率为22.888%;第3主成分(PC3)的特征值为3.681,贡献率为16.734%;第4主成分(PC4)的特征值为2.424,贡献率为11.018%;第5主成分(PC5)的特征值为1.543,贡献率为7.012%,在这5个主成分中对总变异的解释占比相对较小。其累积方差贡献率为100%,表明前5个主成分所构成信息占总信息的全部,这5个主成分可以代表原始数据整体结构。通过矩阵代数运算,得到5个主成分得分的特征向量,计算5个主成分得分,分别记为P1P2P3P4P5,可列出5个主成分得分函数表达式。钾(X1)、钙(X2)、镁(X3)、铁(X4)、锌(X5)、Vc(X6)、蛋白质(X7)、脂肪(X8)、酚类物质(X9)、黄酮类物质(X10)、硬度(X11)、TSS(X12)、总糖(X13)、总酸(X14)、可溶性糖(X15)、可食率(X16)、固酸比(X17)、糖酸比(X18)、单果质量(X19)、横径(X20)、纵径(X21)和果形指数(X22)分别为对应指标含量数据标准后的数据。根据各主成分分析的方差解释率为标准化权数,构建综合评价函数:Dn=42.348%P1+22.89%P2+16.734%P3+7.012%P4+ 7.012%P4P1=–0.07X1+0.11X2+0.07X3–0.19X4–0.03X5+ 0.02X6+0.06X7+0.06X8+0.22X9+0.20X10–0.05X11+0.29X12+0.23X13–0.31X14+0.22X15–0.32X16+0.32X17+0.32X18–0.29X19–0.29X20–0.27X21+0.1X22P2=0.05X1– 0.33X2+0.09X3–0.33X4–0.34X5+0.37X6+0.07X7– 0.44X8–0.25X9–0.14X10+0.32X11+0.11X12+0.14X13–0.01X14–0.19X15+0.05X16+0.06X17+0.08X18+0.05X19+0.09X20–0.02X21–0.23X22P3=0.37X1+0.05X2+0.44X3– 0.13X4–0.3X5–0.05X6–0.2X7–0.02X8+0.21X9+0.32X10+0.27X11–0.20X12+0.23X13–0.05X14+0.20X15+0.01X16–0.06X17+0.05X18+0.19X19+0.09X20–0.28X21–0.08X22P4=0.43X1–0.37X2–0.06X3+0.05X4– 0.04X5+0.35X6+0.33X7+0.03X8–0.07X9+0.20X10–0.19X11–0.08X12–0.25X13+0.03X14+0.03X15–0.01X16–0.09X17–0.04X18+0.12X19–0.15X20+0.05X21+0.48X22P5=–0.07X1–0.01X2–0.35X3+0.18X4–0.21X5–0.07X6+0.59X7+0.01X8+0.21X9+0.14X10+0.23X11+0.05X12+0.17X13+0.25X14+0.37X15–0.05X16–0.12X17–0.05X18+0.12X19+0.08X20–0.05X21–0.23X22
运用主成分得分函数表达式及综合评价模型,测算各品种的主成分得分与综合评价分值。所得分值越高,说明该芒果品种品质越优。由表5可知,6个芒果品种中,玉芒品质表现突出,P1得分最高,其权重显著影响综合评分模型,主成分得分优势明显,表明玉芒的综合得分最高,其果实品质在6个芒果品种中最好,金煌芒多项品质指标结果欠佳,表现结果靠后,在主成分的方差解释率较低,综合得分最低,品质最差。基于综合评分,芒果品种的品质排名顺序依次为:玉芒>桂七芒>台农芒>象牙芒>贵妃芒>金煌芒。
将芒果22项数据标准化处理后,选用内在品质的17项数值,令17项品质指标数据被转化为具有可比性的形式。使用系统聚类分析方法进行数据分析,以平方欧氏距离来衡量数据点之间的差异程度,以此确定测量区间;采用组间连接的聚类方法,将距离较近的数据点逐步合并成不同的类别,最终生成聚类谱系图(图1)。由图1可知,当距离约为10时,17项芒果品质指标可划分为3类。第1类聚集了Vc、黄酮类物质,可解释芒果的生物活性成分特征;第2类聚类了总糖、蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖、总酸、固酸比和糖酸比,为芒果的果实风味特征;第3类聚类了钾、钙、镁和锌,为矿物质元素。
本研究对百色主栽地区6个芒果品种(桂七芒、台农芒、贵妃芒、金煌芒、象牙芒、玉芒)品质指标进行评价与分析,通过分析不同芒果的外观品质和内在品质指标,对芒果的果实品质展开评定。研究结果表明:6个芒果品种在外观品质上存在显著品种差异。单果质重、果形指数、色度值及变异系数的分析结果显示,金煌芒的单果质量最大(978.7 g),玉芒最小(248.7 g);象牙芒(1.7)和玉芒(1.6)的果形指数最高,呈长圆形,而金煌芒、贵妃芒等为椭圆形(1.3);色度值中,金煌芒的a*值(29)最高(偏红),桂七芒的a*值(3)最低(偏绿),a*值的变异系数最大,为77.5%,反映品种间颜色差异显著。这与李曦等[15]研究百色地区17份芒果种质果实品质性状的遗传多样性分析的结果一致,表明果皮色泽是品种鉴别中最具区分度的外观性状之一,外观品质不仅受遗传控制,还与成熟度密切相关,提示在品种评价中,需结合成熟度动态调整外观品质的判断标准,尤其是对于转色差异显著的品种(如台农芒与金煌芒),成熟度对商品性的影响更为关键。内在品质分析结果显示,桂七芒的可溶性固形物、总糖、可溶性糖、固酸比和糖酸比含量均为最高,说明桂七芒在甜度相关指标(总糖、可溶性糖)及固酸比、糖酸比上表现突出;贵妃芒因较高的酸度(6.5 g/kg)而呈现独特酸甜风味;这与邓浩等[16]研究不同成熟度芒果的研究结果一致,可能在于成熟过程中蔗糖(主导糖)积累与柠檬酸(主导有机酸)降解是风味提升的核心机制;矿物质分析结果表明,象牙芒的钾含量最高(163.6 mg/100 g),台农芒的钙含量最高(12.3 mg/100 g),金煌芒的镁含量最高,且钾含量差异可能与干物质积累相关。这与李曦等[15]的研究结果一致,其钙含量均值为11.0 mg/100 g,台农芒的高钙特性可能与果肉细胞壁结构或土壤钙供应相关,而铁元素变异系数最高,提示其积累可能受遗传与栽培条件的共同调控;桂七芒的Vc含量最高(36.6 mg/100 g),玉芒的酚类(4.33 mg/100 g)和黄酮类(1.12 mg/100 g)物质突出,这与任二芳等[17]报道玉芒果脯/果干能较好保留原果色泽、滋味及烯烃类挥发性物质(81.09%)的加工特性一致,推测其高酚类物质可能增强了抗氧化稳定性,使其更适合开发原果风味制品;MARTHA等[18]分析泰国6种品种芒果的品质特性及抗氧化能力的差异性,表明黄酮和多酚类是芒果果实抗氧化活性的主要贡献者,不同品种芒果的抗氧化物质含量存在基因型差异;黄立标等[19]基于主成分分析和HS-SPME-GC-MS技术综合评价(台农芒、象牙芒和金煌芒)3个芒果品种品质特性,台农芒的VC和总酚含量最高,台农芒和象牙芒的挥发性化合物以烯烃类为主,综合分析认为,台农芒和象牙芒适用于深加工,金煌芒则更适合于鲜食。任桂霖等[7]进一步研究发现矿物质与类胡萝卜素存在协同积累趋势,如台农一号高β-胡萝卜素与高钙的组合,可能与类胡萝卜素作为抗氧化剂保护矿质元素吸收有关。这种协同作用为解析品种间营养指标的关联性提供了线索,例如桂七芒高Vc与高糖的组合,可能通过糖促进Vc的稳定性与生物利用率。
目前,主成分分析法(PCA)被广泛应用于果实品质评价因子的筛选和品质的综合评价。谢若男等[10]通过对海南省四大芒果主产区(三亚、乐东、东方、昌江)两大芒果品种(台农芒、贵妃芒)果实的品质特性进行成分分析,将13个品质指标综合为4个相互独立的因子。石胜友等[20]对保存于中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所芒果种质圃的33份种质进行评价,将果实13个品质性状综合为6个主成分;辛明等[21]对芒果果实的评价因子进行选择,将果实19个品质指标综合为7个主成分。本研究对6个品种芒果的果实品质进行评价,将果实22个品质指标综合为5个主成分,通过PCA分析得出前5个主成分累计方差解释率达100%,将6个芒果品种的综合品质排序为:玉芒>桂七芒>台农芒>象牙芒>贵妃芒>金煌芒;其中玉芒在第1主成分(权重42.348%)得分最高,凸显其综合优势;系统聚类分析结果表明,品质指标可划分为3类:第1类为生物活性成分(维生素、黄酮类物质),第2类为果实风味特征(总糖、蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖、总酸、固酸比、糖酸比),第3类为矿物质元素(钾、钙、镁、锌)。本研究明确6个芒果品种的品质差异,结合多区域、多维度的研究成果,揭示芒果品质可能是遗传特性、成熟度及栽培条件共同作用的结果。但由于研究仅基于试验数据,未涵盖主观感官评价,受个体主观差异影响,使得综合评价存在一定局限性。与果品市场评价体系相比,本研究缺少对外观、香气等要素考量,评价方式存在差异。在今后的芒果果实品质评价中,在进行差异性、相关性及主成分分析的基础上,重视并纳入主观感官评价,并结合分子标记与离体培养技术,定向改良目标性状,构建更全面、科学、贴合实际的芒果品质评价体系,推动芒果产业的精准化与多元化发展。
  • 广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB25069305)
  • 广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297006)
  • 南宁市科技开发项目(2023001)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.004
  • 接收时间:2025-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-25
  • 录用日期:2025-08-06
基金
广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB25069305)
广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297006)
南宁市科技开发项目(2023001)
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    南宁学院食品与质量工程学院,广西南宁 530200
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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