Article(id=1276616390329107361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1752076800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-10, onlineDate=1782298665839, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298665839, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298665839, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298665839, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616263778562546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='2549', pageEnd='2815', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298635668, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299117657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618285483426694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618285487620999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2645, endPage=2654, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616390769509283, articleId=1276616390329107361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Photosynthetic Physiological Responses of Alpinia galanga with Different Planting Years under Rubber Plantations During Rainy and Dry Seasons, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

1-year-old and 5-year-old Alpinia galanga intercropped under rubber forests was used to understand the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Alpinia galanga in rainy and dry season, explore its growth adaptability and growth habits, and provide a theoretical basis for its popularization under rubber forests. There were significant differences in photosynthetic parameters between 1-year-old and 5-year-old plants. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of 1-year-old plants were higher than those of 5-year-old ones, and Tr was higher in rainy season than in dry season, indicating drought tolerance and stronger photosynthetic capacity in seedlings. There existed differences in light response curve parameters. Light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) of both age groups were between those of heliophytes and sciophytes, confirming shade tolerance. LSP and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) were higher, while LCP was lower in the dry season, further indicating drought tolerance. The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was slightly higher in the dry season, suggesting stronger photosynthetic capacity. Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and Chl a/b ratio were higher in the dry season, indicating more favorable growth conditions. The 5-year-old plants had thicker upper epidermis and higher palisade-spongy ratio, adapting to shade and drought under rubber forests. The spongy tissue thickness exceeded that of palisade tissue in both age groups, confirming shade tolerance. In conclusion, Alpinia galanga is shade/drought-tolerant with high weak-light utilization. This indicates that dry season conditions and appropriate shading (shading degree of 40%-80%) are more conducive to the growth of Alpinia galanga.

, authors=null, authorsList=Minghui CHEN, Huifang YUAN, Jinwei LI, Yanwei RUAN, Yanxiong GONG, Hewei WANG, Xiangshuai YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiangshuai YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616393298674602, articleId=1276616390329107361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=橡胶林下不同种植年限红豆蔻雨季、旱季光合生理特性响应研究, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了解红豆蔻在雨季和旱季的光合生理特性,探究其生长适应性和生长习性,为橡胶林下推广种植提供理论依据,本研究选择橡胶林下间作年限分别为1 a(1年)和5 a(5年)的红豆蔻植株作为试验对象,在雨季和旱季条件下分别对其进行光合特性、叶绿素荧光、叶绿素含量和叶片结构解剖参数的测定。研究结果表明:(1)种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻植株的光合参数之间差异显著。种植年限1 a的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均高于5 a,且雨季的Tr均高于旱季,表明红豆蔻具有耐旱性,说明其在幼苗期间生长速度更快,具备更强的光合能力。(2)种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻植株的光响应曲线参数之间差异显著。种植年限1 a和5 a的光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)值介于阳生植物和阴生植物之间,表明红豆蔻为耐荫植物;旱季的LSP、表观量子效率(AQE)均高于雨季,而LCP则低于雨季,进一步说明红豆蔻具有耐旱性;(3)旱季的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)略高于雨季,说明在旱季条件下红豆蔻具有更强的光合能力。(4)种植年限1 a和5 a的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素总量(Chl a+b)和叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b)旱季均高于雨季,说明旱季更有利于红豆蔻的生长。(5)种植年限5 a的叶片上表皮厚度、栅海比均高于1 a,说明红豆蔻能够适应橡胶林下的荫蔽环境和干旱环境;种植年限1 a和5 a的叶片海绵组织厚度均高于栅栏组织,表明红豆蔻是耐荫植物。综上可知,红豆蔻是耐荫植物,具有较强的耐荫性和耐旱性,对弱光利用能力较强,说明旱季条件和适当遮荫更有利于红豆蔻生长,因此橡胶林下遮荫度40%~80%的遮荫条件能够为红豆蔻提供良好的生长环境。

, authors=

陈明惠(1997—),女,学士,研究方向:热带作物生理生态。

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* 岩香甩(YAN Xiangshuai),E-mail:
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2.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Re-search on Rubber Tree, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
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陈明惠(1997—),女,学士,研究方向:热带作物生理生态。

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Study on photosyntheticcharacteristics of several Curcuma L.[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 49(14): 143-149. 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不同大写字母表示不同季节各处理间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示同一季节不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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不同大写字母表示不同季节各处理间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示同一季节不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=cAXJhZEFNGdjry78VbWu3Q==, figureFileBig=i1nSqP/XQsDbLSKXWXbe5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616410759562239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616390329107361, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of A. galanga (one-year-old and five-year-old) in rainy and dry seasons

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节Season种植年限Planting years/aFv/FmY(II)NPQqLETR
雨季10.79±0.01Aa0.51±0.02Aa0.845±0.118Aa0.507±0.037Aa41.62±1.74Aa
50.59±0.06Bb0.57±0.03Aa0.659±0.176Bb0.595±0.019Aa46.72±2.28Aa
旱季10.79±0.01Aa0.51±0.01Aa0.859±0.082Aa0.521±0.014Aa41.92±0.01Aa
50.79±0.01Aa0.50±0.03Aa0.932±0.134Aa0.532±0.040Aa41.37±0.04Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1276616410847642624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616390329107361, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

雨季、旱季不同种植年限红豆蔻叶绿素荧光参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节Season种植年限Planting years/aFv/FmY(II)NPQqLETR
雨季10.79±0.01Aa0.51±0.02Aa0.845±0.118Aa0.507±0.037Aa41.62±1.74Aa
50.59±0.06Bb0.57±0.03Aa0.659±0.176Bb0.595±0.019Aa46.72±2.28Aa
旱季10.79±0.01Aa0.51±0.01Aa0.859±0.082Aa0.521±0.014Aa41.92±0.01Aa
50.79±0.01Aa0.50±0.03Aa0.932±0.134Aa0.532±0.040Aa41.37±0.04Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1276616410914750464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616390329107361, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Chlorophyll content of A. galanga (one-year-old and five-year-old) in rainy and dry seasons

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节Season种植年限Planting years/aChl a/(mg·g–1Chl b/(mg·g–1Chl a+b/(mg·g–1Chl a/b
雨季12.31±0.03Ba1.57±0.20Ba3.88±0.23Ba1.47±0.21Ba
52.36±0.03Ba1.57±0.19Ba3.93±0.16Ba1.51±0.19Ba
旱季13.34±0.02Aa1.85±0.08Aa4.19±0.09Aa1.81±0.03Aa
53.38±0.01Aa1.86±0.07Aa4.24±0.08Aa1.82±0.03Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1276616410981859329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616390329107361, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

雨季、旱季不同种植年限红豆蔻叶绿素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
季节Season种植年限Planting years/aChl a/(mg·g–1Chl b/(mg·g–1Chl a+b/(mg·g–1Chl a/b
雨季12.31±0.03Ba1.57±0.20Ba3.88±0.23Ba1.47±0.21Ba
52.36±0.03Ba1.57±0.19Ba3.93±0.16Ba1.51±0.19Ba
旱季13.34±0.02Aa1.85±0.08Aa4.19±0.09Aa1.81±0.03Aa
53.38±0.01Aa1.86±0.07Aa4.24±0.08Aa1.82±0.03Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1276616411053162498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616390329107361, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Leaf anatomical analysis of one-year-old and five-year-old Alpinia galangal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种植年限Planting years/a栅栏组织厚度Palisade tissue thickness/mm海绵组织厚度Spongy tissue thickness/mm上表皮厚度Upper epidermal thickness/mm下表皮厚度Lower epidermal thickness/mm角质层厚度Cuticle thickness/mm叶片厚度Leaf thickness/mm栅海比Palisade-to-spongy ratio
10.03±0.003a0.087±0.004a0.031±0.001a0.019±0.001a0.004±0.000a0.184±0.005a0.367±0.029a
50.001±0.000a0.072±0.004b0.021±0.001b0.019±0.001a0.005±0.000a0.166±0.005b0.444±0.029b
), ArticleFig(id=1276616411116077059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616390329107361, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同种植年限红豆蔻的叶片解剖分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种植年限Planting years/a栅栏组织厚度Palisade tissue thickness/mm海绵组织厚度Spongy tissue thickness/mm上表皮厚度Upper epidermal thickness/mm下表皮厚度Lower epidermal thickness/mm角质层厚度Cuticle thickness/mm叶片厚度Leaf thickness/mm栅海比Palisade-to-spongy ratio
10.03±0.003a0.087±0.004a0.031±0.001a0.019±0.001a0.004±0.000a0.184±0.005a0.367±0.029a
50.001±0.000a0.072±0.004b0.021±0.001b0.019±0.001a0.005±0.000a0.166±0.005b0.444±0.029b
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橡胶林下不同种植年限红豆蔻雨季、旱季光合生理特性响应研究
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陈明惠 1, 2, 3 , 原慧芳 1, 2, 3 , 李金威 1, 2, 3 , 阮彦伟 1, 2, 3 , 龚燕雄 1, 2, 3 , 王何玮 4 , 岩香甩 1, 2, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(11): 2645-2654
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (11) : 2645 -2654
橡胶林下不同种植年限红豆蔻雨季、旱季光合生理特性响应研究
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陈明惠1, 2, 3, 原慧芳1, 2, 3, 李金威1, 2, 3, 阮彦伟1, 2, 3, 龚燕雄1, 2, 3, 王何玮4, 岩香甩1, 2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100
  • 2.云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪 666100
  • 3.西双版纳橡胶林生态系统云南省野外科学观测站,云南景洪 666100
  • 4.西双版纳州强制隔离戒毒所,云南景洪 666100
通讯作者:
* 岩香甩(YAN Xiangshuai),E-mail:
Photosynthetic Physiological Responses of Alpinia galanga with Different Planting Years under Rubber Plantations During Rainy and Dry Seasons
Minghui CHEN1, 2, 3, Huifang YUAN1, 2, 3, Jinwei LI1, 2, 3, Yanwei RUAN1, 2, 3, Yanxiong GONG1, 2, 3, Hewei WANG4, Xiangshuai YAN1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
  • 2.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Re-search on Rubber Tree, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
  • 3.Xishuangbanna Rubber Forest Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation Station of Yunnan Province, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
  • 4.Xishuangbanna Compulsory Isolation Drug Rehabilitation Center, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.010
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为了解红豆蔻在雨季和旱季的光合生理特性,探究其生长适应性和生长习性,为橡胶林下推广种植提供理论依据,本研究选择橡胶林下间作年限分别为1 a(1年)和5 a(5年)的红豆蔻植株作为试验对象,在雨季和旱季条件下分别对其进行光合特性、叶绿素荧光、叶绿素含量和叶片结构解剖参数的测定。研究结果表明:(1)种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻植株的光合参数之间差异显著。种植年限1 a的净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均高于5 a,且雨季的Tr均高于旱季,表明红豆蔻具有耐旱性,说明其在幼苗期间生长速度更快,具备更强的光合能力。(2)种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻植株的光响应曲线参数之间差异显著。种植年限1 a和5 a的光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)值介于阳生植物和阴生植物之间,表明红豆蔻为耐荫植物;旱季的LSP、表观量子效率(AQE)均高于雨季,而LCP则低于雨季,进一步说明红豆蔻具有耐旱性;(3)旱季的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)略高于雨季,说明在旱季条件下红豆蔻具有更强的光合能力。(4)种植年限1 a和5 a的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、叶绿素总量(Chl a+b)和叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b)旱季均高于雨季,说明旱季更有利于红豆蔻的生长。(5)种植年限5 a的叶片上表皮厚度、栅海比均高于1 a,说明红豆蔻能够适应橡胶林下的荫蔽环境和干旱环境;种植年限1 a和5 a的叶片海绵组织厚度均高于栅栏组织,表明红豆蔻是耐荫植物。综上可知,红豆蔻是耐荫植物,具有较强的耐荫性和耐旱性,对弱光利用能力较强,说明旱季条件和适当遮荫更有利于红豆蔻生长,因此橡胶林下遮荫度40%~80%的遮荫条件能够为红豆蔻提供良好的生长环境。

红豆蔻  /  光合生理特性  /  光响应曲线参数  /  叶绿素荧光参数  /  叶绿素  /  叶片解剖结构

1-year-old and 5-year-old Alpinia galanga intercropped under rubber forests was used to understand the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of Alpinia galanga in rainy and dry season, explore its growth adaptability and growth habits, and provide a theoretical basis for its popularization under rubber forests. There were significant differences in photosynthetic parameters between 1-year-old and 5-year-old plants. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) of 1-year-old plants were higher than those of 5-year-old ones, and Tr was higher in rainy season than in dry season, indicating drought tolerance and stronger photosynthetic capacity in seedlings. There existed differences in light response curve parameters. Light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) of both age groups were between those of heliophytes and sciophytes, confirming shade tolerance. LSP and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) were higher, while LCP was lower in the dry season, further indicating drought tolerance. The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) was slightly higher in the dry season, suggesting stronger photosynthetic capacity. Contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and Chl a/b ratio were higher in the dry season, indicating more favorable growth conditions. The 5-year-old plants had thicker upper epidermis and higher palisade-spongy ratio, adapting to shade and drought under rubber forests. The spongy tissue thickness exceeded that of palisade tissue in both age groups, confirming shade tolerance. In conclusion, Alpinia galanga is shade/drought-tolerant with high weak-light utilization. This indicates that dry season conditions and appropriate shading (shading degree of 40%-80%) are more conducive to the growth of Alpinia galanga.

Alpinia galanga  /  photosynthetic physiological characteristics  /  parameters of light response curve  /  chlorophyll fluorescence parameters  /  chlorophyll  /  leaf anatomical structure
陈明惠, 原慧芳, 李金威, 阮彦伟, 龚燕雄, 王何玮, 岩香甩. 橡胶林下不同种植年限红豆蔻雨季、旱季光合生理特性响应研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2645 -2654 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.010
Minghui CHEN, Huifang YUAN, Jinwei LI, Yanwei RUAN, Yanxiong GONG, Hewei WANG, Xiangshuai YAN. Photosynthetic Physiological Responses of Alpinia galanga with Different Planting Years under Rubber Plantations During Rainy and Dry Seasons[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2645 -2654 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.010
红豆蔻(Alpinia galanga)是姜科山姜属多年生草本植物[1],广泛分布于亚洲热带地区,在我国主要分布于台湾、广东、广西和云南等省(区);生长于海拔100~1300 m的山野沟谷、荫湿林下、灌木丛和草丛中。果实具有祛湿、散寒、醒脾、消食的功效,可用于治疗脘腹冷痛、呕吐泄泻、食积胀满、饮酒过多等症状[2-3]。现代药理研究表明,红豆蔻有保护胃黏膜、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗病原微生物等方面的作用[4-5]。根茎也称为大高良姜,味辛,性热,能散寒、暖胃、止痛,用于胃脘冷痛,脾寒吐泻。另外,红豆蔻果实和根茎亦常被用作调味料、辛香料等。由此可见,红豆蔻在药用和食用等方面具有较大的发展前景。目前,红豆蔻基本处于半野生状态下,还未形成规模化人工引种栽培,国内外的研究报道也主要集中在其化学成分分析、挥发油提取分析、药理作用探究等方面,在引种栽培技术、光合生理生态、抗胁迫技术、育苗技术等方面研究甚少。
橡胶林下经济种植是以橡胶林地的生态环境为依托[6],利用橡胶林下空余的土地资源、遮荫优势和光热资源,以发展林下种植复合产业为手段的一种资源共享、优势互补、循环相生、协调发展的经济产业模式。近年来,我国橡胶林下种植药用植物已小有成效,如在海南的白沙、琼中等市县地区种植益智、砂仁、巴戟天、灵芝草、地胆草等[7-10],已实现“胶–药”模式。西双版纳是野生红豆蔻的原生分布地之一,且其拥有近33.33万hm2的橡胶林地。因此,探索在橡胶林下种植药食同源植物红豆蔻是西双版纳发展林下经济的一大创新:一方面,不仅能形成生态位互补,提高橡胶人工林的生态效益,还能提高橡胶林单位面积的经济收益,增强胶农、胶工管护胶园的积极性,加快天然橡胶产业转型升级;另一方面,能有效提高橡胶林的土地利用率,加快红豆蔻产业的形成与发展,培育成具有地方特色的林下经济产业。
光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数是衡量植物光合作用能力和环境适应能力的重要指标[11-12],不仅能反映植物的生长健康状况,还能反映植物对环境的适应能力和受胁迫的程度。植物会通过一系列复杂而协同的生理、生化和形态调整来应对自然环境中的水分、光强等季节性变化,如王碧霞等[13]研究发现,旱季油橄榄的叶绿素含量、光响应参数等均高于雨季;凡莉莉等[14]研究发现,淡竹在冬季旱季出现高光合、低蒸腾适应特征等。此外,橡胶林下的间作系统随着橡胶树的树龄和树冠体积的增大,遮荫造成的弱光胁迫成为影响间作作物生长发育的重要因素[15-17],赵琳[18]研究发现,在金沙江河谷旱季的浇水和遮荫都能有效增加车桑子的光合速率、蒸腾速率等,同时遮荫处理能缓解干旱胁迫。目前关于橡胶林下红豆蔻的光合特性差异和不同季节红豆蔻光合特性变化的综合分析研究相对匮乏,基于此,本研究通过对种植于橡胶林下1 a和5 a的红豆蔻开展雨季和旱季叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光、叶绿素含量和叶片结构解剖参数的测定,了解红豆蔻的光合生理特性,比较红豆蔻在橡胶林下对光环境适应能力的差异,以期为后续在橡胶林下推广应用提供理论依据。
试验选择在云南省热带作物科学研究所2016年定植的橡胶林下进行,试验地位于云南省西双版纳傣族自治州云南省热带作物科学研究所试验基地(22°12′N,100°46′E),海拔约590 m,属于热带西南季风气候,一年中有明显的旱季(11月至次年4月)和雨季(5—10月),年平均气温18.6~21.9 ℃,年平均降水量为1200~1700 mm,年平均日照时数为1800~2300 h,相对湿度为80%~86%,≥10 ℃的年平均积温为5062~8000 ℃。种植试验地为未开割橡胶林(树龄4~6 a),株行距为2.5 m×9 m,遮荫度通常在40%~80%。土壤基础理化性质如下:土壤含水量(soil moisture content,SMC)为21.60%,土壤容重(soil bulk density,SBD)为1.23 g/cm3,土壤孔隙度(soil total porosity,STP)为43.99%,土壤电导率(soil electric conductivity,SEC)为35.23 μS/cm,pH 4.95,有机质(organic matte,OM)含量为25.10 g/kg,碱解氮(alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,AN)含量为102.74 mg/kg,有效磷(available phosphorus,AP)含量为26.45 mg/kg,速效钾(available kalium,AK)含量为170.58 mg/kg。
试验以种植年限分别为1 a和5 a的红豆蔻为供试材料,分别在雨季(5、7、9月)和旱季(11月、次年1、3月)进行各指标测定。每处理小区选取长势相对一致的植株5株,对稳定叶片进行挂牌标记用于测定,每片叶读取数据3次,取平均值。试验过程中统一进行水肥管理,病虫草害防治。
(1)最大光合速率测定。分别在雨季和旱季选择无雨的晴朗天气,利用LI-6400便携式光合作用系统(LI-COR,USA)对植株稳定叶片进行以下标记测定:净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)。测定时使用开放气路,空气流速为500 μmol/s,两季叶温分别为28 ℃、25 ℃,相对湿度分别为70%、80%,CO2浓度设定在400 μmol/moL,光强为800 μmol/(m2·s),每处理选择植株3株,3~5次重复。
(2)光响应曲线测定。利用LED红蓝光源设定的光强梯度为2000、1800、1600、1400、1200、1000、800、600、400、300、200、150、100、50、0 μmol/(m2·s),测定时每一光强下停留3 min。根据叶子飘等[19]的光响应新模型方法进行拟合,计算最大净光合速率(Pmax)、光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、表观量子效率(AQE)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)。
(3)叶绿素荧光参数测定。采用PAM-2500型便携式荧光仪(WALZ,DEU)对以上标记的健康叶片进行光合电子传递速率(ETR)测定。每次测定前首先将叶片暗适应20 min后,饱和脉冲光强为196 μmol/(m2·s)。所测定参数指标包括:PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、有效光能转化率[Y(II)]、光化学淬灭参数(qL)、PSII电子传递速率(ETR)、非光化学淬灭参数(NPQ)。以上各指标测定时间均为晴天上午8:30—12:00。
(4)叶绿素含量测定。按1.2.1中雨季和旱季时间,取标记受光方向一致的同一叶位叶片,每处理取5片并均匀剪碎,然后称取0.1 g鲜叶浸入盛有10 mL提取液(95%乙醇)的离心管中萃取,密封避光低温浸提24 h后,测定并计算叶绿素a(chlorophyll-a,Chl a)、叶绿素b(chlorophyll-b,Chl b)、总叶绿素(total chlorophyll,Chl a+b)和叶绿素a/b(chlorophyll a/b,Chl a/b)。用紫外分光光度计(UV2500,岛津)检测波长在663、645 nm处的吸光度值。通过吸光度值计算出叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素a+b值和叶绿素a/b值。公式为:叶绿素a=(12.7A663–2.69A645)×0.05;叶绿素b=(22.9A645–4.68A663)×0.05。
(5)叶片解剖指标测定。采用石蜡切片法制作切片,按照SOP程序进行修剪、脱水、包埋、切片、染色、封片,最后镜检合格的样片。使用Eclipse Ci-L拍照显微镜选取组织的目的区域进行200倍成像,成像时尽量让组织充满整个视野,保证每张照片的背景光一致。成像完成后使用Image-Pro Plus 6.0分析软件统一以毫米作为标准单位,分别测量每张切片叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、表皮细胞的厚度、角质层厚度,最后通过记录的数据测量栅海比。公式为:栅海比=栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度。
使用Microsoft Excel 2022软件对试验数据进行表格化处理并作图,使用IBM SPSS 19.0软件进行单双因素方差(ANOVA)分析不同处理的各项参数,以Duncan’s法进行方差多重比较(P<0.05)。
图1可知,雨季、旱季种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻光合参数之间差异显著。从不同种植年限看,雨季和旱季条件下,种植年限1 a红豆蔻的PnGsCiTr光合参数均显著高于5 a,说明红豆蔻种植年限1 a的光合能力强于5 a。从不同季节条件看,种植年限1 a的PnGsCi旱季显著高于雨季,而Tr则显著低于雨季;种植年限5 a的PnCiTr旱季均显著低于雨季,而Gs旱季和雨季之间差异不显著,说明红豆蔻在旱季条件下的光合能力更强。
图2可知,雨季、旱季种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻的光响应曲线参数之间差异显著。从不同种植年限看,雨季条件下,种植年限1 a的AQE、Pmax参数均显著高于5 a,LCP、Rd参数则均显著低于5 a,而种植年限1 a与5 a的LSP参数之间差异不显著;旱季条件下,种植年限1 a与5 a的AQE、Pmax、LSP、LCP、Rd参数之间均差异不显著。从不同季节条件看,种植年限1 a的AQE、LSP参数旱季均显著高于雨季,而Pmax、LCP、Rd参数旱季和雨季之间差异不显著;种植年限5 a的AQE、LSP参数旱季均显著高于雨季,而Pmax、LCP、Rd参数则均显著低于雨季。
表1可知,雨季、旱季种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻的叶绿素荧光参数之间差异显著。从不同种植年限看,雨季条件下,种植年限1 a的Fv/Fm、NPQ参数显著高于5 a,种植年限1 a与5 a的Y(II)、qL、ETR参数之间差异不显著;旱季条件下,种植年限1 a与5 a的Fv/Fm、NPQ、Y(II),ETR、qL参数之间差异不显著。从不同季节条件看,种植年限1 a的Fv/Fm、NPQ、Y(II),ETR、qL参数旱季和雨季之间差异不显著;种植年限5 a的Fv/Fm、NPQ参数旱季显著高于雨季,而Y(II)、qL、ETR参数旱季和雨季之间差异不显著。
表2可知,雨季、旱季种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻的叶绿素含量之间差异显著。从不同种植年限看,雨季和旱季条件下,种植年限1 a与5 a的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b含量之间均差异不显著,数值非常接近,由此可见,雨季和旱季条件下不同种植年限的叶绿素含量保持稳定,无明显变化。从不同季节条件看,不同种植年限的红豆蔻的叶绿素含量之间差异显著,Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b含量旱季均高于雨季。种植年限1 a的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b含量旱季分别是雨季的1.44倍、1.18倍、1.08倍、1.23倍;种植年限5 a的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b和Chl a/b含量旱季分别是雨季的1.43倍、1.18倍、1.08倍、1.21倍。
表3可知,雨季、旱季种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻的叶片解剖参数之间差异显著。种植年限1 a的海绵组织厚度、上表皮厚度、叶片厚度均显著高于5 a,而叶片栅海比则显著低于5 a;种植年限1 a与5 a的栅栏组织厚度、下表皮厚度、角质层厚度之间均差异不显著。
光合参数可以反映植物本身的光合能力和环境适应能力强弱[20-22]。雨季和旱季不同季节条件下,种植年限1 a的Tr均高于5 a,且雨季的Tr均高于旱季。由此可知,旱季条件下,红豆蔻通过减小气孔开口度来降低蒸腾速率、减少水分散失,以维持正常生理活动;种植年限1 a的Pn均明显高于5 a,表明种植年限1 a相较于5 a生长速度更快,说明种植年限1 a的红豆蔻的光合能力更强。适宜的水分是植物生长发育的必备条件,雨水过多或持续干旱均会抑制植物的正常生长,造成植物叶绿素含量降低,Pn光合指标下降。与雨季相比,旱季种植年限1 a的红豆蔻的PnGsCi值更高,这是因为随着旱季温度逐渐升高,光强增大,光能利用率会随之增加,内外气体交换加快,Ci增加,因而Pn升高,这也进一步说明旱季条件更适宜红豆蔻的光合作用,更有利于红豆蔻的生长发育。
植物叶片的LSP和LCP是判断植物耐荫性的重要指标。一般情况下,如果LSP低于500 μmol/(m2·s),LCP低于15 μmol/(m2·s),可判断为阴生植物;而LSP高于600 μmol/(m2·s),LCP高于20 μmol/(m2·s),则判断为阳生植物[23-25]。本研究中,雨季、旱季种植年限1 a和5 a的红豆蔻的LSP变幅为782.29~1756.43 μmol/(m2·s),LCP变幅为2.77~30.69 μmol/(m2·s),介于阳生植物和阴生植物之间,表明红豆蔻为耐荫植物,具备较强的光适应能力。因此,红豆蔻对光照要求不高,环境适应能力极强,满足橡胶林下具备的遮荫度。不同季节条件比较,LSP旱季高于雨季,而LCP则旱季低于雨季,说明红豆蔻具有耐旱性。此外,AQE越高,表明耐荫性越好。旱季的AQE高于雨季,进一步说明红豆蔻具有耐旱性。叶绿素荧光参数可以反映环境对植物光合生理作用的影响[26-27]。本研究中,旱季的Fv/Fm略高于雨季,说明在旱季条件下红豆蔻具有更强的光合能力。
叶绿素能够在一定程度上反映光合速率强弱[28-31]。Chl a/b含量降低,植物会通过提升叶片中的Chl b含量,捕获更多的光能来弥补环境中光照强度的不足,是植物对弱光环境的适应[32-35]。本研究中,雨季和旱季条件下,旱季的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b含量均高于雨季,与不同品种油橄榄的叶绿素含量在旱季升高的结论一致[13],说明红豆蔻可能在持续长期的雨季中加速分解叶绿素,而旱季更适宜的温度和光照促进了红豆蔻叶绿素的合成。
众多研究表明[36-41],弱光环境通常会使植物叶片和表皮细胞变厚,干旱环境会使植物栅海比升高。本研究中,种植年限5 a的叶片上表皮厚度、栅海比均高于1 a,说明红豆蔻通过改变自身形态结构来适应橡胶林下的荫蔽环境和干旱环境,使自身生长状态趋于最优,能有效利用橡胶林环境资源,也进一步表明红豆蔻具有较强的环境适应能力。另有研究结果表明,耐荫植物的海绵组织比栅栏组织更加发达[42-44],使叶片更能锁住光能。本研究中,种植年限1 a和5 a的叶片海绵组织厚度均高于栅栏组织,表明红豆蔻是耐荫植物。
综上所述,红豆蔻是耐荫植物,具有较强的耐荫性和耐旱性,对弱光利用能力较强,说明适当遮荫更有利于红豆蔻的生长。因此,橡胶林下的遮荫条件能为红豆蔻提供良好的生长环境。幼龄橡胶林(树龄1~3 a),林下光照充足,遮荫度通常<30%;未开割橡胶林(树龄4~6 a),遮荫度快速增加,从30%~40%增加到60%~80%;开割初期橡胶林(树龄7~15 a),遮荫度通常在70%~90%之间;老龄橡胶林(树龄15 a以上),遮荫度可能从高峰期下降至60%~80%或更低。结合本研究试验地概况和研究结果,红豆蔻在冠层透光率40%~80%时长势良好,所以橡胶林下种植红豆蔻可优先选择树龄5~8 a的胶园,或者可选择宽窄行橡胶林、开割橡胶林及时疏枝,保证遮荫度。本研究结果表明,在橡胶林下种植特色药食同源植物红豆蔻具备可行性,为今后在橡胶林下推广种植提供一定的理论依据与技术支撑。
  • 云南省热带作物科学研究所青年人才成长基金项目(QNCZ2025-4)
  • 云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(RF2025-4)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.010
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14
  • 录用日期:2025-07-10
基金
云南省热带作物科学研究所青年人才成长基金项目(QNCZ2025-4)
云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设专项(RF2025-4)
作者信息
    1.云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100
    2.云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪 666100
    3.西双版纳橡胶林生态系统云南省野外科学观测站,云南景洪 666100
    4.西双版纳州强制隔离戒毒所,云南景洪 666100

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* 岩香甩(YAN Xiangshuai),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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