Article(id=1276616335811539917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745424000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1754323200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-05, onlineDate=1782298652841, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298652841, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298652841, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298652841, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616263778562546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='2549', pageEnd='2815', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298635668, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299117657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618285483426694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618285487620999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2802, endPage=2815, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616336100946895, articleId=1276616335811539917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Long-term Grass Cultivation on Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity in Tropical Latosol Orchards, columnId=1236318328365577171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Agricultural Ecology & Environmental Protection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study aimed to study the effects of long-term grass planting on soil fertility, enzyme activity and microbial diversity in tropical latosol soil, providing theoretical and technical support for improving the fertility and amelioration of tropical latosol soil. Using clean tillage as the control and three grass-planting treatments were established: Reyan No. 2 Stylosanthes (Re) and Ubon Stylosanthes (Ub) and natural grass (NG). Soil samples from 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers were collected to measure soil organic matter, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and related enzyme activities. Utilizing a high-throughput sequencing platform to analyze soil bacterial and fungal communities, and investigating the effects of long-term orchard grass cultivation on the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity of latosol soil. Five years of grass cultivation significantly increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. with higher levels in Reiyan No. 2 and Ubon treatments compared to natural grass. Natural grass significantly increased total phosphorus in the 0-20 cm layer, while Stylosanthes treatments significantly enhanced total phosphorus in the 20-40 cm layer. Long-term grass planting significantly increased urease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase activities in both soil layers, with no notable effect on catalase activity. The Stylosanthes treatments showed higher urease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase activities than natural grass. Correlation analysis revealed that acid phosphatase, urease, and sucrase were extremely significantly positively correlated with organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Acid phosphatase was significantly positively correlated with pH, while catalase only correlated significantly with organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Long-term grass cultivation, particularly the Ubon treatment, increased bacterial OTUs numbers in the 20-40 cm layer. Grass cultivation altered bacterial and fungal community compositions. The dominated bacterial phyla were Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria. In the 0-20 cm layer, grass cultivation increased the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria but reduced Chloroflexi. For fungal, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were dominant. Grass cultivation decreased Ascomycota abundance while increasing Mucoromycota. Soil environmental factors significantly influenced microbial communities. Acid phosphatase, organic matter, urease and pH were key drivers of bacterial community changes, whereas organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, sucrase and urease primarily shaped fungal community structure. Long-term grass cultivation in orchards, particularly Stylosanthes, significantly increased the organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in latosol soil. It also enhanced the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, and invertase enzymes. Furthermore, it altered the community structure and diversity of both soil bacteria and fungi, thereby effectively improving soil fertility and ameliorating the soil micro-ecological environment.

, authors=null, authorsList=Qiufang ZHAO, Changbin WEI, Haiyang MA, Zhiling MA, Chengming YAN, Aimin XIAN, Xinming TANG, Jing SHI, Ludan CAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Changbin WEI, Haiyang MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616339183760351, articleId=1276616335811539917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=热带砖红壤果园长期生草对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响, columnId=1236292523270918153, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=农业生态与环境保护, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

研究热带砖红壤果园长期生草对土壤养分、酶活性及土壤微生物多样性的影响,为热带砖红壤肥力提升和土壤改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验以清耕为对照,设置热研2号柱花草、Ubon柱花草和自然生草3个处理,采集0~20、20~40 cm土壤样品,测定土壤有机质、pH、氮、磷、钾及其相关酶活性等指标,并利用高通量测序平台对土壤细菌和真菌群落进行检测,分析果园长期生草对砖红壤土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:5 a果园长期生草显著提高了砖红壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮的含量,且热研2号、Ubon柱花草处理的有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量高于自然生草。自然生草显著提高了0~20 cm土层全磷含量,而热研2号、Ubon柱花草显著提高了20~40 cm土层土壤全磷含量。果园长期生草均显著增加了土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,对过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著,且热研2号、Ubon柱花草处理的土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性高于自然生草。相关性分析表明,土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著正相关,土壤酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤pH呈显著正相关,过氧化氢酶活性仅与有机质、碱解氮呈显著相关。果园长期生草特别是Ubon柱花草处理增加了20~40 cm土层细菌OTUs数量,生草改变了土壤细菌和真菌群落组成结构。其中酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门为细菌的优势菌门,在0~20 cm土层,生草增加了酸杆菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门的相对丰度,降低了绿弯菌门的相对丰度。真菌的优势菌门是子囊菌门、担子菌门、毛霉菌门。生草降低了子囊菌门的相对丰度,提高了毛霉菌门的相对丰度。土壤环境因子与微生物群落的相关性分析表明,土壤主要环境因子与微生物群落呈显著相关,土壤酸性磷酸酶、有机质、脲酶、pH是细菌菌落结构改变的主要环境贡献因子,有机质、碱解氮、蔗糖酶、脲酶是土壤真菌群落结构改变的主要环境贡献因子。综上,果园长期生草特别是柱花草显著提高了砖红壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量,增加土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性,同时改变了土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构和多样性,起到提高土壤肥力,改善土壤微生态环境的作用。

, authors=

赵秋芳(1986—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:作物栽培和土壤改良。

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* 魏长宾(WEI Changbin),E-mail:
马海洋(MA Haiyang),E-mail:
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赵秋芳(1986—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:作物栽培和土壤改良。

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赵秋芳(1986—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:作物栽培和土壤改良。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of grass planting in apple orchard on soil microbial diversity, enzyme activities and carbon components, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276616357152157779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, awardId=424MS103, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金面上项目(424MS103), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276616357223460948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, awardId=1630062022004; 1630022025002, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630062022004; 1630022025002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276616339481555937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616339489944546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, companyId=1276616339481555937, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616339498333155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, companyId=1276616339481555937, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江 524091)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276616339590607844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616339598996453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, companyId=1276616339590607844, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616339611579366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, companyId=1276616339590607844, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江 524091)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276616339712242664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616339733214185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, companyId=1276616339712242664, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616339745797098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, companyId=1276616339712242664, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江 524091)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276616339934540780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616339942929389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, companyId=1276616339934540780, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland and Water Saving Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616339951317998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, companyId=1276616339934540780, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广东省旱作节水农业工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524091)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276616353452781627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Soil enzymes activity under different grass treatments, figureFileSmall=8qzycS6zitvWP5lG7O3tJA==, figureFileBig=ssMs3lqiER7cuRAGFg8THQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616353532473404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同生草处理下的土壤酶活性

不同小写字母表示同一土层不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=8qzycS6zitvWP5lG7O3tJA==, figureFileBig=ssMs3lqiER7cuRAGFg8THQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616353960292413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Distribution of OTUs of soil bacteria in different grass treatment, figureFileSmall=wLpBluz199juxhUBwgCgbA==, figureFileBig=xbmM+c0uvyNLWZ+9CjzOjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354027401278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同生草处理土壤细菌OTUs分布韦恩图, figureFileSmall=wLpBluz199juxhUBwgCgbA==, figureFileBig=xbmM+c0uvyNLWZ+9CjzOjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354086121535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Distribution of OTUs of soil fungi in different grass treatment, figureFileSmall=vqpAc1VLZKkHs5KGLD/Bcw==, figureFileBig=+i9oRm3a/kVltz8bD1DxKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354144841792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同生草处理土壤真菌OTUs分布韦恩图, figureFileSmall=vqpAc1VLZKkHs5KGLD/Bcw==, figureFileBig=+i9oRm3a/kVltz8bD1DxKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354203562049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Relative abundance of soil bacterial phylum levels under different grass treatments, figureFileSmall=ZwaP/iUzqvUK/cfqGD1rfw==, figureFileBig=+AbZZTDbAT4TmRUzXPyPxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354295836738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同生草处理的土壤细菌门水平相对丰度

A:0-20 cm;B:20-40 cm.

, figureFileSmall=ZwaP/iUzqvUK/cfqGD1rfw==, figureFileBig=+AbZZTDbAT4TmRUzXPyPxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354358751299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Relative abundance of soil fungal phylum levels under different grass treatments, figureFileSmall=LnzS744yqGadeiiYfWgHOQ==, figureFileBig=g8QcNCf+nj3T/NlbgD0YEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354425860164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同生草处理的土壤真菌门水平相对丰度

A:0-20 cm;B:20-40 cm.

, figureFileSmall=LnzS744yqGadeiiYfWgHOQ==, figureFileBig=g8QcNCf+nj3T/NlbgD0YEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354492969029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Correlation of horizontal community structure of bacteria (A) and fungi (B) with soil environmental factors, figureFileSmall=xpkIkWsv958gLUo2nAbBsA==, figureFileBig=uToxkH9xHrnTxFLrAdNIYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354568466502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=图6, caption=细菌(A)和真菌(B)门水平群落结构与土壤环境因子的相关性

*表示显著相关(P<0.05);**表示极显著相关(P<0.01);***表示极显著相关(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=xpkIkWsv958gLUo2nAbBsA==, figureFileBig=uToxkH9xHrnTxFLrAdNIYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354635575367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Contribution rates of environmental factors by bacteria (A) and fungi (B), figureFileSmall=6AiXx+0EqepPOf+7DPcz4Q==, figureFileBig=ZitZ0mo5BBdXzzAEq9kN3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354702684232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=图7, caption=细菌(A)和真菌(B)的环境因子贡献率, figureFileSmall=6AiXx+0EqepPOf+7DPcz4Q==, figureFileBig=ZitZ0mo5BBdXzzAEq9kN3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616354790764617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

DNA PCR primers for soil microorganisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测序类型Sequencing type引物Primer引物序列(5ʹ-3ʹ)Primer sequences(5ʹ-3ʹ)
细菌16S rRNA341F
806R
CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG
GGACTACHVGGGTATCTAAT
真菌ITSITS1F
ITS2R
GATGAAGAACGYAGYRAA
TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
), ArticleFig(id=1276616354862067786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土壤微生物DNA PCR引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测序类型Sequencing type引物Primer引物序列(5ʹ-3ʹ)Primer sequences(5ʹ-3ʹ)
细菌16S rRNA341F
806R
CCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG
GGACTACHVGGGTATCTAAT
真菌ITSITS1F
ITS2R
GATGAAGAACGYAGYRAA
TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC
), ArticleFig(id=1276616354933370955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Soil physicochemical property under different grass treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cm处理TreatmentpH有机质SOC/(g·kg-1全氮TN/(g·kg-1全磷TP/(g·kg-1全钾TK/(g·kg-1碱解氮AN/(mg·kg-1
0~20CK5.00a17.50d0.92d0.76b1.94c107.4b
NG5.09a21.80c1.06c0.97a2.53b116.7b
Re4.96a27.70a1.40a0.75b3.06a150.7a
Ub4.99a23.97b1.28b0.77b2.34b141.5a
20~40CK4.85a13.23c0.83b0.62b3.23a89.7b
NG4.76a16.50b0.84b0.80a2.44b102.1ab
Re4.81a16.93b0.99a0.70ab2.54b150.0a
Ub4.86a18.87a0.98a0.80a2.39b111.0a
), ArticleFig(id=1276616355013062732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同生草处理的土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cm处理TreatmentpH有机质SOC/(g·kg-1全氮TN/(g·kg-1全磷TP/(g·kg-1全钾TK/(g·kg-1碱解氮AN/(mg·kg-1
0~20CK5.00a17.50d0.92d0.76b1.94c107.4b
NG5.09a21.80c1.06c0.97a2.53b116.7b
Re4.96a27.70a1.40a0.75b3.06a150.7a
Ub4.99a23.97b1.28b0.77b2.34b141.5a
20~40CK4.85a13.23c0.83b0.62b3.23a89.7b
NG4.76a16.50b0.84b0.80a2.44b102.1ab
Re4.81a16.93b0.99a0.70ab2.54b150.0a
Ub4.86a18.87a0.98a0.80a2.39b111.0a
), ArticleFig(id=1276616355084365901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Correlation between soil nutrients and enzyme activities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexpH有机质SOC全氮TN全磷TP全钾TK碱解氮AN酸性磷酸酶ACP蔗糖酶SC脲酶UE过氧化氢酶CAT
pH1
SOC0.3411
TN0.2910.902**1
TP0.0930.3440.2521
TK-0.190-0.057-0.016-0.1811
AN0.2820.892**0.956**0.2320.0021
ACP0.526**0.868**0.891**0.197-0.0560.851**1
SC0.0220.760**0.827**0.2180.0400.804**0.748**1
UE0.1170.845**0.907**0.2980.0230.921**0.785**0.907**1
CAT0.1940.551**0.3930.157-0.2980.472*0.3400.2690.3761
), ArticleFig(id=1276616355155669070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexpH有机质SOC全氮TN全磷TP全钾TK碱解氮AN酸性磷酸酶ACP蔗糖酶SC脲酶UE过氧化氢酶CAT
pH1
SOC0.3411
TN0.2910.902**1
TP0.0930.3440.2521
TK-0.190-0.057-0.016-0.1811
AN0.2820.892**0.956**0.2320.0021
ACP0.526**0.868**0.891**0.197-0.0560.851**1
SC0.0220.760**0.827**0.2180.0400.804**0.748**1
UE0.1170.845**0.907**0.2980.0230.921**0.785**0.907**1
CAT0.1940.551**0.3930.157-0.2980.472*0.3400.2690.3761
), ArticleFig(id=1276616356799836239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Alpha diversity of soil bacteria community under different grass treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil ayer/cm处理Treatment覆盖度Goods overage/%Shannon指数Shannon indexSimpson指数Simpson indexChao1指数Chao1 indexAce指数Ace index
0~20CK98.588.67±0.13a0.992±0.001a2624.7±42.8a2797.6±46.0ab
NG98.438.59±0.16a0.991±0.001a2611.7±188.7a2790.6±194.0ab
Re98.248.29±0.13b0.990±0.001ab2453.3±210.3a2625.4±228.2b
Ub98.318.55±0.18a0.987±0.001b2694.6±99.9a2894.3±113.1a
20~40CK98.518.06±0.06b0.989±0.001b2342.7±132.3ab2528.3±146.6a
NG98.688.07±0.11b0.989±0.001b2094.7±43.6b2235.6±54.7b
Re98.508.01±0.08b0.989±0.001b2289.1±2.5ab2481.2±12.1a
Ub98.508.48±0.30a0.992±0.002a2460.3±131.5a2627.6±153.7a
), ArticleFig(id=1276616356871139408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同生草处理的土壤细菌Alpha多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil ayer/cm处理Treatment覆盖度Goods overage/%Shannon指数Shannon indexSimpson指数Simpson indexChao1指数Chao1 indexAce指数Ace index
0~20CK98.588.67±0.13a0.992±0.001a2624.7±42.8a2797.6±46.0ab
NG98.438.59±0.16a0.991±0.001a2611.7±188.7a2790.6±194.0ab
Re98.248.29±0.13b0.990±0.001ab2453.3±210.3a2625.4±228.2b
Ub98.318.55±0.18a0.987±0.001b2694.6±99.9a2894.3±113.1a
20~40CK98.518.06±0.06b0.989±0.001b2342.7±132.3ab2528.3±146.6a
NG98.688.07±0.11b0.989±0.001b2094.7±43.6b2235.6±54.7b
Re98.508.01±0.08b0.989±0.001b2289.1±2.5ab2481.2±12.1a
Ub98.508.48±0.30a0.992±0.002a2460.3±131.5a2627.6±153.7a
), ArticleFig(id=1276616356963414097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Alpha diversity of soil fungi community under different grass treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cm处理Treatment覆盖度Goods overage/%Shannon指数Shannon indexSimpson指数Simpson indexChao1指数Chao1 indexAce指数Ace index
0~20CK99.806.04±0.37a0.951±0.035a774.6±53.7ab784.9±52.9ab
NG99.855.56±0.46ab0.944±0.019a779.0±14.8ab778.9±26.7ab
Re99.885.12±0.66b0.869±0.068b741.9±38.5b743.9±33.4b
Ub99.865.49±0.48ab0.926±0.043ab813.9±35.7a814.9±29.1a
20~40CK99.855.77±0.68a0.938±0.040a756.0±29.6a759.6±36.6a
NG99.785.72±0.58a0.947±0.034a545.8±112.7b553.6±111.3b
Re99.766.61±0.29a0.971±0.008a770.0±27.1a773.4±28.7a
Ub99.855.76±1.03a0.930±0.079a787.0±34.0a783.9±41.0a
), ArticleFig(id=1276616357034717266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616335811539917, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同生草处理的土壤真菌Alpha多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cm处理Treatment覆盖度Goods overage/%Shannon指数Shannon indexSimpson指数Simpson indexChao1指数Chao1 indexAce指数Ace index
0~20CK99.806.04±0.37a0.951±0.035a774.6±53.7ab784.9±52.9ab
NG99.855.56±0.46ab0.944±0.019a779.0±14.8ab778.9±26.7ab
Re99.885.12±0.66b0.869±0.068b741.9±38.5b743.9±33.4b
Ub99.865.49±0.48ab0.926±0.043ab813.9±35.7a814.9±29.1a
20~40CK99.855.77±0.68a0.938±0.040a756.0±29.6a759.6±36.6a
NG99.785.72±0.58a0.947±0.034a545.8±112.7b553.6±111.3b
Re99.766.61±0.29a0.971±0.008a770.0±27.1a773.4±28.7a
Ub99.855.76±1.03a0.930±0.079a787.0±34.0a783.9±41.0a
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热带砖红壤果园长期生草对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响
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赵秋芳 1, 2, 3 , 魏长宾 1, 2, 3, * , 马海洋 1, 2, 4, * , 马智玲 1, 2, 3 , 严程明 1, 2, 4 , 冼皑敏 1, 2, 3 , 汤昕明 1, 2, 3 , 时晶 1, 2, 3 , 曹鲁丹 1, 2, 3
热带作物学报 | 农业生态与环境保护 2025,46(11): 2802-2815
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热带作物学报 |农业生态与环境保护 2025 , 46 (11) : 2802 -2815
热带砖红壤果园长期生草对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响
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赵秋芳1, 2, 3, 魏长宾1, 2, 3, * , 马海洋1, 2, 4, * , 马智玲1, 2, 3, 严程明1, 2, 4, 冼皑敏1, 2, 3, 汤昕明1, 2, 3, 时晶1, 2, 3, 曹鲁丹1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江 524091
  • 2.海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
  • 3.农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
  • 4.广东省旱作节水农业工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524091
通讯作者:
* 魏长宾(WEI Changbin),E-mail:
马海洋(MA Haiyang),E-mail:
Effects of Long-term Grass Cultivation on Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity in Tropical Latosol Orchards
Qiufang ZHAO1, 2, 3, Changbin WEI1, 2, 3, * , Haiyang MA1, 2, 4, * , Zhiling MA1, 2, 3, Chengming YAN1, 2, 4, Aimin XIAN1, 2, 3, Xinming TANG1, 2, 3, Jing SHI1, 2, 3, Ludan CAO1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
  • 2.Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
  • 4.Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland and Water Saving Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.024
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研究热带砖红壤果园长期生草对土壤养分、酶活性及土壤微生物多样性的影响,为热带砖红壤肥力提升和土壤改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验以清耕为对照,设置热研2号柱花草、Ubon柱花草和自然生草3个处理,采集0~20、20~40 cm土壤样品,测定土壤有机质、pH、氮、磷、钾及其相关酶活性等指标,并利用高通量测序平台对土壤细菌和真菌群落进行检测,分析果园长期生草对砖红壤土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:5 a果园长期生草显著提高了砖红壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮的含量,且热研2号、Ubon柱花草处理的有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量高于自然生草。自然生草显著提高了0~20 cm土层全磷含量,而热研2号、Ubon柱花草显著提高了20~40 cm土层土壤全磷含量。果园长期生草均显著增加了土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,对过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著,且热研2号、Ubon柱花草处理的土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性高于自然生草。相关性分析表明,土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著正相关,土壤酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤pH呈显著正相关,过氧化氢酶活性仅与有机质、碱解氮呈显著相关。果园长期生草特别是Ubon柱花草处理增加了20~40 cm土层细菌OTUs数量,生草改变了土壤细菌和真菌群落组成结构。其中酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门为细菌的优势菌门,在0~20 cm土层,生草增加了酸杆菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门的相对丰度,降低了绿弯菌门的相对丰度。真菌的优势菌门是子囊菌门、担子菌门、毛霉菌门。生草降低了子囊菌门的相对丰度,提高了毛霉菌门的相对丰度。土壤环境因子与微生物群落的相关性分析表明,土壤主要环境因子与微生物群落呈显著相关,土壤酸性磷酸酶、有机质、脲酶、pH是细菌菌落结构改变的主要环境贡献因子,有机质、碱解氮、蔗糖酶、脲酶是土壤真菌群落结构改变的主要环境贡献因子。综上,果园长期生草特别是柱花草显著提高了砖红壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量,增加土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性,同时改变了土壤细菌和真菌的群落结构和多样性,起到提高土壤肥力,改善土壤微生态环境的作用。

果园生草  /  柱花草  /  热带砖红壤  /  土壤养分  /  土壤酶活性  /  微生物群落结构

This study aimed to study the effects of long-term grass planting on soil fertility, enzyme activity and microbial diversity in tropical latosol soil, providing theoretical and technical support for improving the fertility and amelioration of tropical latosol soil. Using clean tillage as the control and three grass-planting treatments were established: Reyan No. 2 Stylosanthes (Re) and Ubon Stylosanthes (Ub) and natural grass (NG). Soil samples from 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers were collected to measure soil organic matter, pH, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and related enzyme activities. Utilizing a high-throughput sequencing platform to analyze soil bacterial and fungal communities, and investigating the effects of long-term orchard grass cultivation on the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity of latosol soil. Five years of grass cultivation significantly increased soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. with higher levels in Reiyan No. 2 and Ubon treatments compared to natural grass. Natural grass significantly increased total phosphorus in the 0-20 cm layer, while Stylosanthes treatments significantly enhanced total phosphorus in the 20-40 cm layer. Long-term grass planting significantly increased urease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase activities in both soil layers, with no notable effect on catalase activity. The Stylosanthes treatments showed higher urease, acid phosphatase, and sucrase activities than natural grass. Correlation analysis revealed that acid phosphatase, urease, and sucrase were extremely significantly positively correlated with organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Acid phosphatase was significantly positively correlated with pH, while catalase only correlated significantly with organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. Long-term grass cultivation, particularly the Ubon treatment, increased bacterial OTUs numbers in the 20-40 cm layer. Grass cultivation altered bacterial and fungal community compositions. The dominated bacterial phyla were Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria. In the 0-20 cm layer, grass cultivation increased the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria but reduced Chloroflexi. For fungal, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were dominant. Grass cultivation decreased Ascomycota abundance while increasing Mucoromycota. Soil environmental factors significantly influenced microbial communities. Acid phosphatase, organic matter, urease and pH were key drivers of bacterial community changes, whereas organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, sucrase and urease primarily shaped fungal community structure. Long-term grass cultivation in orchards, particularly Stylosanthes, significantly increased the organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in latosol soil. It also enhanced the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase, and invertase enzymes. Furthermore, it altered the community structure and diversity of both soil bacteria and fungi, thereby effectively improving soil fertility and ameliorating the soil micro-ecological environment.

orchard grass cultivation  /  Stylosanthes  /  tropical latosol  /  soil nutrient  /  soil enzyme activity  /  microbial structure of community
赵秋芳, 魏长宾, 马海洋, 马智玲, 严程明, 冼皑敏, 汤昕明, 时晶, 曹鲁丹. 热带砖红壤果园长期生草对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2802 -2815 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.024
Qiufang ZHAO, Changbin WEI, Haiyang MA, Zhiling MA, Chengming YAN, Aimin XIAN, Xinming TANG, Jing SHI, Ludan CAO. Effects of Long-term Grass Cultivation on Soil Nutrients, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity in Tropical Latosol Orchards[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2802 -2815 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.024
砖红壤广泛存在于热带和亚热带地区,该类型土壤高度风化,有机质含量低,保水保肥能力差,酸化严重[1-2]。如何针对砖红壤形成特点进行土壤培肥和改良,是热区农业生产亟待解决的问题。热带特色果树是热带经济的重要组成部分,已有研究表明,果园生草可以改变土壤的温度、湿度、水分等微气候环境,提高土壤的有机质、养分含量,从而影响土壤微生物的数量、结构和功能,改善土壤生态环境,提高果树产量和品质[3-6]。果园生草是实现热带砖红壤果园土壤改良、果园管理模式优化的重要措施。
土壤养分含量能够直观反映土壤肥力水平,直接影响果树生长。郭晓睿等[7]利用Meta分析发现,与不生草果园相比,生草果园的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量分别提高18%、11%、27%;且与一年生草相比,果园连续多年生草,显著提升了果园土壤质量、果实产量和品质。秦秦等[8]的研究表明,与清耕相比,猕猴桃园行间种草能显著提高土壤有机质含量,种植白三叶草能显著提高碱解氮含量,种植黑麦草显著提高速效钾含量。杨金鹏等[9]研究发现苹果园自然生草和人工生草提高了0~30 cm土层土壤全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。土壤微生物影响土壤重要的生态系统过程,包括土壤能量流动、元素循环、有机碳矿化和分解,以及作物生长必需养分的供应[10-11]。研究表明,果园生草对土壤细菌、真菌的结构和功能有显著影响,包括群落多样性和碳代谢相关活动[12-13]。土壤酶主要来源于微生物和动植物残体,参与物质转化、元素循环和能量流动,促进有机质的矿化,其活性高低与土壤肥力质量和微生物活动密切相关[14]。已有研究表明,果园生草可显著提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶等碳、氮、磷相关转化酶的活性[13-17],且碳、氮、磷相关转化酶活性与土壤养分呈显著正相关[15]。果园因树种、种植模式、气候类型、土壤环境等不同,生草栽培对土壤性质、酶活性、微生物群落结构和多样性的影响也存在差异。以往大多果园生草的研究大多集中在苹果、柑橘等大宗果树上,对热带典型砖红壤,特色果树番石榴果园长期生草对土壤理化性质及微生物活动的报道较少。本研究以热带特色果园为研究对象,选择热带常见豆科牧草柱花草进行生草试验,分析长期生草对砖红壤果园土壤理化性质、酶活性及微生物群落结构与多样性的影响,并探讨三者间的相关关系。研究结果可为热带砖红壤果园生草栽培模式的推广提供理论依据,同时为土壤肥力提升与改良提供技术支撑。
试验地位于广东湛江中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所试验基地(110°28′E,21°16′N),年均降水量达1550 mm。试验开始于2016年,按照2.0 m×3.0 m的株行距种植番石榴。试验初始土壤养分情况:pH为5.74,有机质含量为19.06 g/kg,全氮含量为1.09 g/kg,速效磷含量为9.20 mg/kg,速效钾含量为200.56 mg/kg。
试验按照随机区组设计,分别设置3个生草处理:热研2号柱花草(Re)、Ubon柱花草(Ub)、自然生草(NG),清耕处理作为对照(CK),各处理均不少于6行,每行选取10株为1个试验小区,外面2行果树作为保护行,采集中间4行作为试验的4次重复。生草区每年刈割2次,刈割的草撒放于行间还田。清耕对照区每年除草4次,保持长期清耕;自然生草区除去藤蔓类杂草,其他保持不变。其余田间施肥和灌水管理均相同。
2021年9月,在每个试验小区中按“S”型5点采样法用土钻采集0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的土样,充分混合后作为1个土样存至自封袋中。混合土样除去石块、根系等杂物,一部分风干、磨细,过筛(2.000 mm、0.500 mm和0.149 mm)后,用于测定与土壤养分和酶活性,另一部分置于-80 ℃保存,用于土壤微生物高通量测序。
(1)土壤理化性质及酶活性测定。采用pH计测定土壤pH;采用硫酸-重铬酸钾氧化外加热法测定土壤有机质含量;采用浓硫酸加速剂消解-凯氏定氮仪测定全氮含量;采用硝酸高氯酸酸解-钼锑抗比色法测定全磷含量;采用硝酸高氯酸酸解-火焰光度计测定全钾含量;采用碱解扩散法测定碱解氮含量[18]。采用北京索莱宝科技有限公司生产的酶活性测定试剂盒进行前处理,利用全自动酶标仪测定土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶等酶活性。
(2)土壤微生物高通量测序。采用DNA kit从土壤样本中提取基因组DNA后,用带有barcode的特异引物341F和806R对16S rDNA的V3~V4区进行PCR扩增,采用ITS1F和ITS2R对ITS1~ITS2区进行PCR扩增(表1),纯化扩增产物,并将纯化后的扩增产物(即扩增子)连接测序接头,构建测序文库,Illumina上机测序。委托广州基迪奥生物科技有限公司进行高通量测序。
采用Microsoft Excel 2010软件整理试验数据,采用SPSS 19.0软件进行方差分析,以Duncan’s法进行差异显著性分析,采用双变量Spearman相关分析进行土壤养分和酶活性的相关性分析。采用origin 2021软件制图。对高通量测序得到的原始数据进行拼接、质控和过滤,去除嵌合体,得到优化序列。并将序列相似度≥97%的序列归类为同一分类操作单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU),利用omicsmart数据分析平台进行微生物群落多样性和丰富度相关指数分析,并结合已有土壤环境因子,分析土壤微生物群落与环境因子的相关性。
表2可知,随着土层深度的增加,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷含量均呈现降低趋势。不同处理的养分含量在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层均存在显著差异,而土壤pH差异不显著。在0~20 cm土层,与CK相比,Re、Ub和NG处理的有机质含量分别显著提高54.7%、37.0%和24.6%,其中以Re处理的有机质含量最高,显著高于Ub和NG处理,且Ub处理的有机质含量显著高于NG;在20~40 cm土层,与CK相比,Re、Ub和NG处理的有机质含量分别显著提高28.0%、42.6%和24.7%,以Ub处理的有机质含量最高,显著高于Re和NG处理,而Re和NG处理间的有机质含量差异不显著。在0~20 cm土层,与CK相比,Re、Ub和NG处理的土壤全氮含量均显著提高,分别提高52.2%、39.1%、15.2%,且3个生草处理间差异显著;20~40 cm土层中,全氮含量的变化趋势与0~20 cm相同,分别较CK增加19.3%、18.1%和1.2%,其中Re、Ub处理的全氮含量显著高于CK和NG。碱解氮含量的变化趋势与全氮类似,在0~20 cm土层,Re、Ub和NG处理的碱解氮含量分别较CK提高40.4%、31.8%和8.7%,Re、Ub处理的碱解氮含量显著高于CK和NG;20~40 cm土层中,Re、Ub处理的碱解氮含量也显著高于CK和NG。在0~20 cm土层中,土壤全磷含量以NG处理最高,显著高于其他处理,并且其余处理间无显著差异;20~40 cm土层中,Re、Ub和NG处理的全磷含量均有提高,分别较CK提高13.5%、30.3%和30.3%,其中Ub和NG处理的全磷含量显著高于CK。0~20 cm土层中,与CK相比,Re、Ub和NG处理的全钾含量分别提高57.8%、21.0%和30.8%,差异显著,同时Re处理的全钾含量显著高于Ub和NG;20~40 cm土层中的全钾含量以CK最高,显著高于其余处理。
结果表明,生草显著提高了0~20 cm土层的土壤脲酶活性,Re、Ub和NG处理的土壤脲酶活性分别较CK提高了181.8%、193.4%、104.7%;20~40 cm土层中,Re、Ub、NG处理的土壤脲酶活性显著高于CK,分别提高了137.5%、131.8%、76.0%。(图1A)。生草显著提高了0~20 cm土层的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,Re、Ub和NG处理的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性分别较CK提高了95.0%、88.1%、58.4%;20~40 cm土层中,Re、Ub处理的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性分别较CK增加了53.1%、35.5%,差异显著,NG处理的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性较清耕显著降低(图1B)。在0~20 cm土层中,与CK相比,Re、Ub和NG处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性分别提高了352.2%、315.3%、142.5%;20~40 cm土层中,Re、Ub和NG处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性显著增加,分别较CK增加了122.7%、108.6%、85.3%,表明果园生草可以显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性(图1C)。0~20 cm土层中,各处理的土壤过氧化氢酶活性无显著差异;20~40 cm土层中,Ub处理的土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著增加,是CK的1.28倍,Re和NG处理的土壤过氧化氢酶活性略高于CK,但差异不显著(图1D)。
通过相关性分析表明,不同生草处理下土壤pH与土壤酸性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤有机质与土壤全氮、碱解氮、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤全氮与土壤碱解氮、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均呈极显著正相关;土壤全磷、全钾与其他指标间均无显著相关性;土壤碱解氮与土壤全氮、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均呈极显著正相关,与过氧化氢酶活性呈显著正相关;土壤酸性磷酸酶与脲酶、蔗糖酶呈极显著正相关;蔗糖酶与脲酶呈显著正相关(表3)。
在0~20 cm土层中,CK、Re、Ub、NG处理的土壤细菌的OTUs数量分别为1898、1595、1769、1808个,其中共有细菌的OTUs数量为941个(图2A)。20~40 cm土层中,CK、Re、Ub、NG处理的土壤细菌的OTUs数量分别为1471、1388、1650、1336个,其中共有细菌的OTUs数量为869个,占总数的14.9%(图2B)。与CK相比,0~20 cm土层中,生草处理后土壤细菌OTUs数量减少,且以Re处理最低;20~40 cm土层中,Ub处理的土壤细菌OTUs数量增加,Re和NG处理的OTUs数量减少。
在0~20 cm土层中,CK、Re、Ub、NG处理的土壤真菌的OTUs数量分别为726、829、866、789个,其中共有真菌的OTUs数量为431个(图3A)。20~40 cm土层中,CK、Re、Ub、NG处理的土壤真菌的OTUs数量分别为726、842、810、568个,其中共有真菌的OTUs数量为377个(图3B)。与CK相比,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的种植柱花草处理的真菌OTUs数量均增加。
在门水平,0~20 cm土层的土壤细菌群落平均相对丰度排名前10的门类为酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota,28.8%~33.6%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,15.4%~24.3%)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota,8.8%~14.6%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,5.0%~9.9%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota,6.6%~8.1%)、髌骨细菌门(Patescibacteria,2.6%~5.0%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,3.2%~3.6%)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota,2.1%~2.8%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,1.5%~4.5%)、芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota,0.6%~1.3%),其中酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门为细菌的优势菌门,占细菌相对丰度的66.9%~69.2%;与CK处理相比,NG、Re、Ub处理的酸杆菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门相对丰度较高,而绿弯菌门相对丰度较低(图4A)。20~40 cm土层的土壤细菌群落相对丰度排名前10的菌门与0~20 cm土层基本一致,但各菌门的相对丰度有差异。优势菌群主要为酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门,占细菌相对丰度的60.3%~68.2%。其中酸杆菌门的相对丰度最高,在32.2%~36.4%之间,其次为绿弯菌门;与CK相比,NG、Re处理的酸杆菌门相对丰度较高,而绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度较低;Ub处理的酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度均低于CK,而放线菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门的相对丰度高于CK(图4B)。
在门水平,0~20 cm土层的土壤真菌群落相对丰度最高的为子囊菌门(Ascomycota,40.2%~67.2%),其中各处理的子囊菌门相对丰度为CK>Ub>Re>NG,担子菌门(Basidiomycota)相对丰度为Re>CK>Ub>NG,Ub处理的毛霉菌门(Mucoromycota)相对丰度最高,罗兹菌门为Re和Ub处理的特有菌,且Re处理的罗兹菌门占比最高,为25.2%(图5A)。20~40 cm土层的土壤真菌优势菌群为子囊菌门和担子菌门,相对丰度为66.15%~89.51%,其中CK处理的子囊菌门相对丰度最高,NG处理的相对丰度最低,各处理的担子菌门相对丰度差异不大,NG处理的毛霉菌门相对丰度最高,CK中该菌门的相对丰度最低,仅为0.7%(图5B)。
覆盖度为群落均匀度指数,Ace、Chao1指数为群落丰富度指数,Shannon、Simpson指数为群落多样性指数。结果表明,8组土壤样本的细菌测序覆盖度均大于98%,说明土壤细菌测序数据可较为全面地揭示土壤样品的细菌群落组成。0~20 cm土层中,Re处理的土壤细菌Shannon指数显著低于CK、NG、Ub处理,Re处理的Ace指数显著低于Ub处理,与CK、NG处理间差异不显著。20~40 cm土层中,NG处理的土壤细菌Ace指数显著低于CK、Re和Ub处理;Ub处理的Shannon、Simpson指数最高,显著高于其余处理;而且Ub处理的Chao1指数最高,显著高于NG处理,与CK和Re处理差异不显著(表4)。
各处理中真菌的覆盖度均在99%以上,说明土壤真菌微生物测序数据可较为全面地揭示土壤真菌微生物的组成。0~20 cm土层中,Re处理的Shannon指数显著低于CK,与NG、Ub处理差异不显著,Re处理的Simpson指数显著低于CK和NG处理,与Ub处理差异不显著;Ub处理的Chao1和Ace指数最高,显著高于Re处理,与CK和NG处理差异不显著;20~40 cm土层中,各处理间真菌Shannon、Simpson指数差异不显著,NG处理的真菌Chao1和Ace指数均最低,显著低于CK、Re和Ub处理,表明柱花草处理对0~20 cm土层真菌的丰富度和多样性影响较大,对20~40 cm土层土壤真菌群落多样性影响较小(表5)。
通过相关性分析表明,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)与土壤pH呈极显著负相关,与ACP呈显著负相关;绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)与土壤UE、SOC、ACP、TN、SC呈极显著负相关,与TP、AN呈显著负相关;芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)均与土壤SOC、AN、TN、UE、ACP和SC呈显著或极显著负相关,疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobiota)与土壤SOC、AN、TN、UE、ACP和SC呈极显著正相关(图6A)。表明土壤细菌优势菌门与土壤环境因子存在密切关系,土壤环境因子的改变可以显著影响土壤细菌优势菌属的分布和群落结构。通过分析细菌的环境因子贡献率表明,土壤ACP、SOC、UE、pH是细菌菌落结构的主要贡献因子(图7A)。
对真菌而言,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)与土壤AN、UE、SC呈极显著负相关,与土壤SOC、CAT呈显著负相关;根肿黑粉菌门(Entorrhizomycota)与TP呈极显著正相关;罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)与SOC、AN、SC呈极显著正相关,与ACP、UE呈显著正相关;毛霉菌(Mucoromycota)与UE、SC呈极显著正相关,与SOC、ACP、AN、TP呈显著正相关,与TN呈显著负相关;被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)与AN、UE、SC呈极显著正相关,与ACP呈显著相关(图6B)。SOC、AN、SC、UE是土壤真菌的主要环境贡献因子,贡献率分别为20.39%、23.75%、24.33%、20.05%,表明土壤真菌群落结构主要受SOC、AN、SC、UE的影响(图7B)。
果园5 a生草试验发现,种植柱花草或者自然生草均能够显著提高砖红壤有机质。在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层,热研2号柱花草有机质含量分别较清耕增加54.7%、28.0%;Ubon柱花草有机质含量分别提高37.0%和42.6%;自然生草有机质含量分别提高24.6%和24.7%,这与周春衡等[19]、刘许霖等[20]的研究结果一致,表明果园长期生草可提升砖红壤有机质。与清耕相比,在0~20 cm土层中,热研2号、Ubon柱花草、自然生草处理的土壤全氮、碱解氮含量均显著增加;在20~40 cm土层中,热研2号和Ubon柱花草处理的土壤全氮、碱解氮含量显著高于清耕,而自然生草的全氮、碱解氮与清耕差异不显著,表明果园行间种植柱花草可以显著提高砖红壤的全氮、碱解氮含量,而自然生草仅显著增加了0~20 cm土层的全氮、碱解氮含量,对深层土壤的影响较小,其原因可能是行间种植的豆科植物有大量的根瘤菌可进行固氮,进而提高了土壤深层土壤的氮含量。0~20 cm土层的土壤全磷含量均以自然生草最高,热研2号柱花草、Ubon柱花草处理与清耕差异不显著;而在20~40 cm土层中,生草处理的土壤全磷含量显著高于清耕,说明种植柱花草后在生长期对表土层磷的吸收利用大于其归还量,造成土壤磷含量下降,而自然生草对磷的吸收量较少,从而相应增加了土壤磷的含量,这一研究结果与许彦明等[21]、程滨等[22]的研究结果一致,在热带砖红壤地区,磷肥施入土壤后,容易被土壤中的活性铁、锰等吸附和固定,导致磷利用率低,因此在砖红壤果园生草栽培中要注重土壤磷肥的补充。本研究中,果园长期生草增加了0~20 cm土壤的全钾含量,这与周春衡等[23]的研究结果一致。
土壤酶作为土壤生物活性及土壤肥力的重要组成部分,在土壤物质循环和能量转化中起着重要作用。程滨等[22]研究发现,在核桃园行间种植大豆显著提高了土壤脲酶活性,黑麦草显著提高了土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性。靳旭妹等[24]研究表明,与自然生草相比,有机猕猴桃园生草提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性。葛永申等[25]研究表明,梨园单播油菜、光叶紫花苕子或者油菜和光叶紫花苕子间作均提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性。本研究中,土壤酶活性随着土层深度的增加而降低,与井赵斌等[26]的研究结果一致,其主要原因可能是表层土壤是动植物和微生物的主要活动区域,生草处理后增加了表层土壤酶作用底物,对土壤酶活性的影响较大[27]。热带砖红壤果园种植柱花草和自然生草均显著增加了土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性,而对过氧化氢酶活性的影响不大;且果园种植柱花草的土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性均高于自然生草,表明种植豆科植物柱花草更有利于土壤酶活性的提高。
土壤酶活性能够间接反映土壤肥力,因此土壤酶活性与土壤养分含量存在一定的相关性,但相关性的结果并不一致。本研究中土壤养分和土壤酶活性的相关性分析结果表明,土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著正相关,酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤pH呈显著正相关,过氧化氢酶活性仅与土壤有机质、碱解氮呈显著相关。土壤全磷、全钾与其他指标均无显著相关性。惠竹梅等[28]在葡萄园生草发现,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈显著正相关,全钾与酶活性均无显著相关性,与本研究结果一致;而土壤过氧化氢酶活性与土壤养分指标均无显著相关性,且土壤pH与土壤酶活性之间均呈显著负相关,与本研究结果不一致,其原因可能是葡萄园是碱性土壤,而本研究土壤为砖红壤,是强酸性土壤,因此土壤酶活性受pH的影响作用不同。
在土壤生态系统中,土壤细菌和真菌是重要的分解者,它们通过分泌特定的细胞外酶(如纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、磷酸酶)进行分解、代谢和转化[29]。果园生草会通过影响土壤细菌和真菌的生长代谢,进而改变微生物群落的结构和组成[30-31]。本研究发现果园生草改变了砖红壤果园的土壤微生物数量和多样性,研究表明,生草处理均降低了0~20 cm土层土壤细菌OTUs数量,这与ZANG等[31]的研究结果一致,20~40 cm土层中,Ubon处理的OTUs数量增加,Re和自然生草处理的OTUs数量降低。种植柱花草增加了真菌OTUs数,自然生草与清耕的真菌OTUs数差异不大。肖力婷等[32]研究发现,人工生草南丰蜜桔果园的土壤细菌OTUs数显著高于清耕和自然生草,而真菌OTUs数量在不同处理间无显著差异,与本研究结果有一定差异,可能是由于种草类型及土壤环境不同所致。本研究中,在20~40 cm土层,Ub处理的细菌Shannon指数和Simpson指数均显著高于清耕和自然生草,生草处理的0~20 cm土层土壤细菌多样性指数无显著影响,表明Ubon柱花草主要影响深层土壤细菌群落多样性,对表层土作用不大。黄楚亦等[33]和李承臻等[34]研究发现,果园间作生草对土壤细菌群落的多样性指数并无显著影响,与本研究结果存在差异,这种差异可能是由于间作种草类型及种植年限的不同所致。而对土壤真菌而言,0~20 cm土层中,Re处理的Shannon指数低于清耕,Ub处理的Simpson指数显著低于清耕,而20~40 cm土层中,各处理的Shannon指数和Simpson指数均差异不显著,表明果园种植柱花草仅降低表层土壤真菌的多样性,对深层土壤影响较小。
已有研究表明,果园生草对土壤细菌、真菌的结构和功能有显著影响,包括群落多样性和碳代谢相关活动等[12-13]。本研究中,各处理均以酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门为细菌的优势菌门,生草处理改变了土壤细菌群落组成,特别是表层土壤,在0~20 cm土层,生草增加了酸杆菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门的相对丰度,降低了绿弯菌门的相对丰度;在20~40 cm土层,NG、Re处理的酸杆菌门相对丰度高于清耕,Ub处理中低于清耕。酸杆菌偏爱酸性土壤[35],其在土壤中的相对丰度与pH呈负相关[36],本研究中酸杆菌与土壤pH呈显著负相关,但处理间土壤pH无显著性差异,这与颜彩缤等[37]的研究结果一致,其原因可能是酸杆菌的不同亚群对土壤pH的响应作用不同。绿弯菌门与土壤脲酶、有机质、酸性磷酸酶、全氮、蔗糖酶、全磷、碱解氮等环境因子均呈显著负相关,与杜昊楠等[38]和任晓旭等[39]的研究结果一致。李承臻等[34]研究表明,土壤有效磷、硝态氮和有机质是间作柱花草引起土壤细菌群落变化的主要原因;袁秉琛等[40]研究发现,土壤pH、全钾、全磷和速效钾是影响土壤细菌门结构的主要理化因子。林洪鑫等[41]研究发现,有机质、pH显著影响细菌属水平群落组成。本研究中酸性磷酸酶、有机质、脲酶、pH是细菌群落结构的主要贡献因子,与前人研究结果基本一致,可见细菌群落结构主要受土壤中碳、氮、磷循环转化相关的环境因子的影响。本研究中,土壤真菌的优势种群为子囊菌门、担子菌门、毛霉菌门,其中子囊菌门占比在40%以上,生草处理降低了子囊菌门的相对丰度,提高了毛霉菌门的相对丰度,这与肖力婷等[32]和刘业萍等[42]的研究结果一致;而且在柱花草处理中还出现特有的罗兹菌门,推测罗兹菌门可能是柱花草的特有真菌,这有待进一步研究。子囊菌是土壤中的主要真菌分解者,能快速降解有机质,对土壤养分循环起关键作用,子囊菌门与土壤碱解氮、脲酶、蔗糖酶、有机质、过氧化氢酶呈显著负相关,表明生草处理提高了土壤肥力水平,进而降低了子囊菌门的相对丰度。与子囊菌门相反,罗兹菌门、毛霉菌门、被孢菌门与土壤主要环境因子呈显著正相关。肖力婷等[32]研究发现,有机质、速效磷、全磷、速效钾和全氮对真菌群落结构影响较大,而本研究中土壤真菌群落结构主要受土壤有机质、碱解氮、蔗糖酶、脲酶的影响。
5 a果园生草试验发现果园生草可以显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量,而对土壤全磷、全钾、pH的提升效果不显著,同时果园生草提高了果园土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性,且种植柱花草处理对土壤养分和酶活性的提升效果优于自然生草。果园长期生草改变了土壤细菌数目和多样性,对真菌的影响较小。果园生草也改变土壤细菌和真菌的群落组成,各处理土壤细菌均以酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门为优势菌门,且生草处理显著影响表层土壤细菌的群落组成。土壤真菌均以子囊菌门、担子菌门、毛霉菌门为优势菌门,生草处理降低了子囊菌门的相对丰度,提高了毛霉菌门的相对丰度,改变了土壤真菌的群落组成。土壤环境因子显著影响土壤细菌和真菌的群落组成和多样性,其中土壤酸性磷酸酶、有机质、脲酶、pH是细菌群落结构的主要贡献因子,土壤真菌群落结构主要受有机质、碱解氮、蔗糖酶、脲酶的影响。
本研究从土壤养分和酶活性的变化、微生物群落组成及多样性方面,分析果园长期生草对砖红壤理化性质和生物多样性的影响,结果表明,砖红壤果园种植热研2号柱花草和Ubon柱花草均能显著提高土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性,改善土壤微生物群落组成和多样性,因此,可在热带砖红壤区域的多年生果园中推广应用。
  • 海南省自然科学基金面上项目(424MS103)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630062022004; 1630022025002)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.024
  • 接收时间:2025-04-24
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24
  • 录用日期:2025-08-05
基金
海南省自然科学基金面上项目(424MS103)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630062022004; 1630022025002)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江 524091
    2.海南省热带作物营养重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
    3.农业农村部热带果树生物学重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
    4.广东省旱作节水农业工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524091

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* 魏长宾(WEI Changbin),E-mail:
马海洋(MA Haiyang),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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