Article(id=1276616281373671853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746633600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1752508800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-15, onlineDate=1782298639862, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298639862, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298639862, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298639862, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616263778562546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='2549', pageEnd='2815', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1764000000000', pubDateStr='2025-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298635668, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299117657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618285483426694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618285487620999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616263778562546, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2677, endPage=2686, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616281801490863, articleId=1276616281373671853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizers on the Leaf Nutrients and Soil Properties of Oil-tea Camellia in Tropical Regions, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Reasonable fertilization is of great significance for increasing the yield of oil-tea Camellia, and the application of bio-organic fertilizers is superior to the current practice of using farm manure as the main fertilizer for oil-tea Camellia in many aspects. In order to develop and value the specialized bio-organic fertilizers suitable for the soil conditions of oil-tea Camellia plantations in tropical regions, the nutrient contents of oil-tea Camellia leaves, the physical and chemical properties, and enzyme activities of oil-tea Camellia forest soil were determined. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizers and conventional compound fertilizer could significantly increase the water content, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and nutrient elements of oil-tea Camellia leaves. The soil moisture contents and field capacities of different fertilization treatments were higher than those without fertilization, but there were no significant differences in soil bulk density and porosity between the treatments and the control group. All four types of bio-organic fertilizers could increase the contents of soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil enzyme activity in different soil layers. T1 and T4 bio-organic fertilizer improved the chemical properties of oil-tea Camellia soil more, which is of great significance for the targeted improvement of the fertility and available potassium content of Hainan oil-tea Camellia forest land. The results would provide data for screening specialized bio-organic fertilizers suitable for tropical oil-tea Camellia, laying a scientific foundation for the subsequent large-scale application of bio-organic fertilizers for tropical oil-tea Camellia.

, authors=null, authorsList=Qingchang MENG, Haoming SONG, Yujing YANG, Haiyan HU, Wenqiang WU, Xiaolong HUANG, Yuanhao DING, Dongyi HUANG, Jian WANG, Hanggui LAI, Dongdi LIAN, Rizheng WANG, Jinping LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jinping LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616284833972664, articleId=1276616281373671853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=生物有机肥对热带地区油茶叶片营养和土壤性状的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

合理施肥对于油茶增产意义重大,而施用生物有机肥在多方面优于目前以农家肥为主的油茶施肥实践。为研制适合热区油茶林土壤状况的专用生物有机肥,本研究对油茶叶片养分含量、油茶林地土壤的理化性质和土壤酶活性等指标进行测定,探讨不同生物有机肥对海南油茶林的影响。结果表明:施用生物有机肥及常规复合肥均可显著提高油茶叶片的含水量、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和营养元素含量。不同施肥处理的土壤含水量和田间持水量均高于不施肥的对照组,但土壤容重和孔隙度在各处理和对照组之间差异不显著。4种生物有机肥均能提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及不同土层的土壤酶活性。在改善油茶林土壤的化学性质方面,以处理T1和T4的综合表现较好,这对于针对性地提高海南油茶林地肥力和速效钾含量具有重要意义。该研究结果对筛选适合热带地区油茶的专用生物有机肥提供数据支撑,为油茶生物有机肥的后续大规模应用奠定科学基础。

, authors=

蒙青长(1998—),男,硕士,研究方向:农艺与种业。

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* 刘进平(LIU Jinping),E-mail:
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蒙青长(1998—),男,硕士,研究方向:农艺与种业。

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蒙青长(1998—),男,硕士,研究方向:农艺与种业。

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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=O63WbHfEnohXwlrRPOZ6SA==, figureFileBig=ZgphahsinWZaAs7XvoXfgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616307684540965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Soil physical properties in different layers of oil-tea Camellia plantations under different fertilization treatments, figureFileSmall=gPYPFmFvgEybeit9ZtVdDg==, figureFileBig=9UEi0dSZZUFzvoQS4caXmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616307772621350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同施肥处理下油茶林地不同土层土壤物理性质

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=gPYPFmFvgEybeit9ZtVdDg==, figureFileBig=9UEi0dSZZUFzvoQS4caXmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616308028473895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Soil urease and sucrase activities in different soil layers of oil-tea Camellia forest under different fertilization treatments, figureFileSmall=U1QYKAauUjMN/U/zlVSoYg==, figureFileBig=zsTjwfG77K0sJZJPZz4QlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616308095582760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同施肥处理下油茶林地不同土层土壤酶活性

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=U1QYKAauUjMN/U/zlVSoYg==, figureFileBig=zsTjwfG77K0sJZJPZz4QlQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616308166885929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Contents of large and medium elements in leaves of oil-tea Camellia under different fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment含量Content/(g·kg–1
氮N磷P钾K钙Ca镁Mg
T115.36±0.39a0.84±0.02b4.25±0.10a5.07±0.30bc0.90±0.02b
T213.69±0.31b0.71±0.02cd4.05±0.23a5.15±0.24b0.88±0.05bc
T313.57±0.43b0.90±0.03a4.39±0.25a5.81±0.20a0.96±0.02a
T413.38±0.46b0.88±0.01ab4.17±0.36a5.70±0.31a0.89±0.01b
CK112.93±0.34b0.75±0.03c4.35±0.15a4.64±0.20c0.87±0.02bc
CK211.01±0.50c0.67±0.02d3.51±0.30b3.71±0.24d0.84±0.01c
), ArticleFig(id=1276616308246577706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同施肥处理下油茶叶片大、中量元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment含量Content/(g·kg–1
氮N磷P钾K钙Ca镁Mg
T115.36±0.39a0.84±0.02b4.25±0.10a5.07±0.30bc0.90±0.02b
T213.69±0.31b0.71±0.02cd4.05±0.23a5.15±0.24b0.88±0.05bc
T313.57±0.43b0.90±0.03a4.39±0.25a5.81±0.20a0.96±0.02a
T413.38±0.46b0.88±0.01ab4.17±0.36a5.70±0.31a0.89±0.01b
CK112.93±0.34b0.75±0.03c4.35±0.15a4.64±0.20c0.87±0.02bc
CK211.01±0.50c0.67±0.02d3.51±0.30b3.71±0.24d0.84±0.01c
), ArticleFig(id=1276616308447904299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Contents of trace elements in leaves of oil-tea Camellia under different fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment含量Content
铁Fe/(mg·kg–1锰Mn/(g·kg–1锌Zn/(mg·kg–1铜Cu/(mg·kg–1
T128.41±1.80b0.36±0.01b8.57±0.50bc11.07±1.3a
T223.78±1.50bc0.43±0.01a7.46±1.00cd7.37±0.24bc
T345.39±2.70a0.42±0.01a9.20±0.60b7.64±0.33bc
T446.87±3.00a0.40±0.02a11.65±0.77a6.94±0.25cd
CK121.73±2.44c0.29±0.02c8.86±0.48b8.34±0.33b
CK220.68±2.49c0.35±0.05b7.11±0.31d5.90±0.19d
), ArticleFig(id=1276616308527596076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同施肥处理下油茶叶片微量元素含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment含量Content
铁Fe/(mg·kg–1锰Mn/(g·kg–1锌Zn/(mg·kg–1铜Cu/(mg·kg–1
T128.41±1.80b0.36±0.01b8.57±0.50bc11.07±1.3a
T223.78±1.50bc0.43±0.01a7.46±1.00cd7.37±0.24bc
T345.39±2.70a0.42±0.01a9.20±0.60b7.64±0.33bc
T446.87±3.00a0.40±0.02a11.65±0.77a6.94±0.25cd
CK121.73±2.44c0.29±0.02c8.86±0.48b8.34±0.33b
CK220.68±2.49c0.35±0.05b7.11±0.31d5.90±0.19d
), ArticleFig(id=1276616308603093549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Soil chemical properties across different soil layers in oil-tea Camellia plantations under various fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层深度Soil depth/cm处理TreatmentpH含量Content
有机质Organic matter/%碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen/(mg·kg–1速效磷Rapidly available phosphorus/(mg·kg–1速效钾Rapidly available potassium/(mg·kg–1
0~20T14.52±0.05c2.75±0.08a115.28±5.95a4.55±0.36b53.91±6.73ab
T24.96±0.04a2.15±0.15b73.73±4.22c3.89±0.30b34.46±6.64cd
T34.84±0.05b1.64±0.14c89.34±4.48b2.65±0.07c29.25±5.75cd
T44.59±0.07c2.05±0.14b96.25±3.15b8.96±0.68a62.41±8.71a
CK15.03±0.05a1.40±0.15c116.20±5.56a2.53±0.12c41.31±6.59bc
CK24.60±0.07c1.38±0.14c70.93±3.16c1.79±0.18d23.77±5.60d
20~40T14.56±0.05d2.02±0.13a101.27±6.65a3.61±0.44c34.73±5.35b
T24.92±0.05b2.06±0.11a75.37±5.95b8.08±0.47b30.90±5.75b
T34.67±0.04c1.25±0.12c78.40±6.68b2.52±0.43d28.71±3.42bc
T44.54±0.03d2.08±0.10a99.40±8.07a11.80±0.70a56.65±5.35a
CK15.25±0.04a1.65±0.10b109.67±8.81a2.88±0.37cd37.75±4.53b
CK24.66±0.02c1.00±0.11d69.77±6.35b1.40±0.22e20.49±2.07c
), ArticleFig(id=1276616308686979630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同施肥处理下油茶林地不同土层土壤化学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层深度Soil depth/cm处理TreatmentpH含量Content
有机质Organic matter/%碱解氮Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen/(mg·kg–1速效磷Rapidly available phosphorus/(mg·kg–1速效钾Rapidly available potassium/(mg·kg–1
0~20T14.52±0.05c2.75±0.08a115.28±5.95a4.55±0.36b53.91±6.73ab
T24.96±0.04a2.15±0.15b73.73±4.22c3.89±0.30b34.46±6.64cd
T34.84±0.05b1.64±0.14c89.34±4.48b2.65±0.07c29.25±5.75cd
T44.59±0.07c2.05±0.14b96.25±3.15b8.96±0.68a62.41±8.71a
CK15.03±0.05a1.40±0.15c116.20±5.56a2.53±0.12c41.31±6.59bc
CK24.60±0.07c1.38±0.14c70.93±3.16c1.79±0.18d23.77±5.60d
20~40T14.56±0.05d2.02±0.13a101.27±6.65a3.61±0.44c34.73±5.35b
T24.92±0.05b2.06±0.11a75.37±5.95b8.08±0.47b30.90±5.75b
T34.67±0.04c1.25±0.12c78.40±6.68b2.52±0.43d28.71±3.42bc
T44.54±0.03d2.08±0.10a99.40±8.07a11.80±0.70a56.65±5.35a
CK15.25±0.04a1.65±0.10b109.67±8.81a2.88±0.37cd37.75±4.53b
CK24.66±0.02c1.00±0.11d69.77±6.35b1.40±0.22e20.49±2.07c
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生物有机肥对热带地区油茶叶片营养和土壤性状的影响
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蒙青长 1, 2 , 宋灏明 1, 2 , 杨玉靖 1, 2 , 胡海燕 1, 2 , 吴文嫱 2, 3 , 黄小龙 2, 3 , 丁元昊 1, 2 , 黄东益 2 , 王健 1, 2 , 赖杭桂 2 , 练冬娣 4 , 王日钲 5 , 刘进平 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(11): 2677-2686
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (11) : 2677 -2686
生物有机肥对热带地区油茶叶片营养和土壤性状的影响
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蒙青长(1998—),男,硕士,研究方向:农艺与种业。

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emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1276616300898157079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, authorId=1276616300487115284, language=EN, stringName=Jinping LIU, firstName=Jinping, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
2.School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) / Hainan Engineering Research Center for Tropical Oil-tea Camellia, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276616301011403288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, authorId=1276616300487115284, language=CN, stringName=刘进平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737
2.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院)/热带油茶海南省工程研究中心,海南三亚 572024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276616285073047994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616285081436603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, companyId=1276616285073047994, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616285089825212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, companyId=1276616285073047994, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276616285161128381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616285169516990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, companyId=1276616285161128381, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) / Hainan Engineering Research Center for Tropical Oil-tea Camellia, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276616285358260671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616281373671853, companyId=1276616285161128381, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院)/热带油茶海南省工程研究中心,海南三亚 572024)])])]
蒙青长1, 2, 宋灏明1, 2, 杨玉靖1, 2, 胡海燕1, 2, 吴文嫱2, 3, 黄小龙2, 3, 丁元昊1, 2, 黄东益2, 王健1, 2, 赖杭桂2, 练冬娣4, 王日钲5, 刘进平1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737
  • 2.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院)/热带油茶海南省工程研究中心,海南三亚 572024
  • 3.海南大学生命健康学院,海南海口 570228
  • 4.福建以诺生物科技有限公司,福建武平 364300
  • 5.海南澄迈原真生态休闲农业开发有限公司,海南澄迈 571921
通讯作者:
* 刘进平(LIU Jinping),E-mail:
Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizers on the Leaf Nutrients and Soil Properties of Oil-tea Camellia in Tropical Regions
Qingchang MENG1, 2, Haoming SONG1, 2, Yujing YANG1, 2, Haiyan HU1, 2, Wenqiang WU2, 3, Xiaolong HUANG2, 3, Yuanhao DING1, 2, Dongyi HUANG2, Jian WANG1, 2, Hanggui LAI2, Dongdi LIAN4, Rizheng WANG5, Jinping LIU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
  • 2.School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) / Hainan Engineering Research Center for Tropical Oil-tea Camellia, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
  • 3.School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 4.Fujian Yinuo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuping, Fujian 364300, China
  • 5.Hainan Chengmai Yuanzhen Ecological Leisure Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Chengmai, Hainan 571921, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.013
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合理施肥对于油茶增产意义重大,而施用生物有机肥在多方面优于目前以农家肥为主的油茶施肥实践。为研制适合热区油茶林土壤状况的专用生物有机肥,本研究对油茶叶片养分含量、油茶林地土壤的理化性质和土壤酶活性等指标进行测定,探讨不同生物有机肥对海南油茶林的影响。结果表明:施用生物有机肥及常规复合肥均可显著提高油茶叶片的含水量、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和营养元素含量。不同施肥处理的土壤含水量和田间持水量均高于不施肥的对照组,但土壤容重和孔隙度在各处理和对照组之间差异不显著。4种生物有机肥均能提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量及不同土层的土壤酶活性。在改善油茶林土壤的化学性质方面,以处理T1和T4的综合表现较好,这对于针对性地提高海南油茶林地肥力和速效钾含量具有重要意义。该研究结果对筛选适合热带地区油茶的专用生物有机肥提供数据支撑,为油茶生物有机肥的后续大规模应用奠定科学基础。

油茶  /  生物有机肥  /  叶片养分  /  土壤理化性质  /  土壤酶活性

Reasonable fertilization is of great significance for increasing the yield of oil-tea Camellia, and the application of bio-organic fertilizers is superior to the current practice of using farm manure as the main fertilizer for oil-tea Camellia in many aspects. In order to develop and value the specialized bio-organic fertilizers suitable for the soil conditions of oil-tea Camellia plantations in tropical regions, the nutrient contents of oil-tea Camellia leaves, the physical and chemical properties, and enzyme activities of oil-tea Camellia forest soil were determined. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizers and conventional compound fertilizer could significantly increase the water content, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and nutrient elements of oil-tea Camellia leaves. The soil moisture contents and field capacities of different fertilization treatments were higher than those without fertilization, but there were no significant differences in soil bulk density and porosity between the treatments and the control group. All four types of bio-organic fertilizers could increase the contents of soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and soil enzyme activity in different soil layers. T1 and T4 bio-organic fertilizer improved the chemical properties of oil-tea Camellia soil more, which is of great significance for the targeted improvement of the fertility and available potassium content of Hainan oil-tea Camellia forest land. The results would provide data for screening specialized bio-organic fertilizers suitable for tropical oil-tea Camellia, laying a scientific foundation for the subsequent large-scale application of bio-organic fertilizers for tropical oil-tea Camellia.

oil-tea Camellia  /  bio-organic fertilizer  /  leaf nutrient  /  soil physical and chemical property  /  soil enzyme activity
蒙青长, 宋灏明, 杨玉靖, 胡海燕, 吴文嫱, 黄小龙, 丁元昊, 黄东益, 王健, 赖杭桂, 练冬娣, 王日钲, 刘进平. 生物有机肥对热带地区油茶叶片营养和土壤性状的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2677 -2686 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.013
Qingchang MENG, Haoming SONG, Yujing YANG, Haiyan HU, Wenqiang WU, Xiaolong HUANG, Yuanhao DING, Dongyi HUANG, Jian WANG, Hanggui LAI, Dongdi LIAN, Rizheng WANG, Jinping LIU. Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizers on the Leaf Nutrients and Soil Properties of Oil-tea Camellia in Tropical Regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (11) : 2677 -2686 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.013
油茶是山茶科(Theaceae)山茶属(Camellia L.)一类木本食用油料树种的总称,是我国特有的木本油料树种,与油橄榄、油棕、椰子并称为世界四大木本油料作物[1]。茶籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸、维生素E和山茶甙等特定生理活性物质,因此,除食用和烹调功能外,还具有极高的营养和医疗保健价值[2]。海南本地茶油当地人称为“山柚油”,品质更为优异,医疗保健价值更高[3-4]
油茶为多年生经济树种,常年要从土壤中吸收大量的养分和水分,且油茶四季花果不离枝,新梢和果实交替生长,养分补充不足会直接影响油茶的生长及产量[5]。合理施肥可将油茶平均产量提高2~5倍,增产潜力巨大,对于低产油茶林改造意义重大[6]。目前,油茶的施肥主要以农家肥为主。但农家肥易因抗生素超标而导致土壤污染,也容易因发酵不充分,将病菌带入油茶林导致油茶林病虫害发生。此外,还容易导致油茶林区土壤板结,土壤中氮、磷、钾平衡失调,肥料利用率低,加剧土壤酸化,而生物有机肥则可改善土壤理化性状,提高有机质含量和土壤肥力,增强植物抗病、抗逆能力,减少环境污染[7-8]
海南是中国重要的热带岛屿省份,其土壤养分状况具有明显的地域特征[9],研制适合热带地区油茶林土壤状况的专用生物有机肥十分必要。本研究通过对海南油茶林施用试制的专用生物肥,对油茶叶片养分含量、油茶林地土壤的理化性质和土壤酶活性等指标进行测定,探讨不同生物有机肥对海南油茶林的影响,以便筛选适合热带地区油茶的专用生物有机肥,为油茶生物有机肥的大规模应用奠定科学基础。
试验地位于海南省澄迈县福山镇偲林农场(19°89′N,109°93′E),海拔为61 m,年平均温度为24.8 ℃,年平均降水量为2000 mm,年平均日照时数为1900 h。土壤为砖红壤,土壤的基本理化性质如下:0~20 cm土层的pH为4.50,有机质含量为1.58%,碱解氮含量为84.48 mg/kg,速效磷含量为1.85 mg/kg,速效钾含量为26.11 mg/kg;20~40 cm土层的pH为4.45,有机质含量为1.59%,碱解氮含量为76.51 mg/kg,速效磷含量为1.81 mg/kg,速效钾含量为25.58 mg/kg。试验地油茶品种为侯臣3号,行间距平均为2 m×3 m,树高平均为3~4 m,树龄6 a。
试验采用随机区组设计,设置以下6种处理:(1)CK1,每株施用常规复合肥(15% N+15% P2O5+15% K2O)1 kg;(2)CK2,不施肥;(3)T1,每株施用养分含量为“7.18% N+1.16% P2O5+0.48% K2O+50.6%有机质”的生物有机肥5 kg;(4)T2,每株施用养分含量为“2.83% N+1.07% P2O5+2.21% K2O+36.1%有机质”的生物有机肥5 kg;(5)T3,每株施用养分含量为“1.1% N+3.3% P2O5+2.8% K2O+32%有机质”的生物有机肥5 kg;(6)T4,每株施用养分含量为“1.15% N+3.16% P2O5+2.46% K2O+32.25%有机质”的生物有机肥5 kg。每种施肥处理设置3个重复小区,每小区选择20株长势一致、无明显病虫害的油茶树。施肥时间为2024年7月上旬,采用条状平行沟施肥,于树冠滴水线靠外10 cm处开沟施肥,沟深约30 cm,长为50 cm以上,将肥料混合土壤均匀覆盖,然后表面盖上土,各处理插上地牌标记。施肥前后各处理管理措施保持一致。
于施肥后5个月(2024年11月下旬)进行叶片采样。每小区随机选取10株油茶树为1个重复,在每株油茶树的东、南、西、北4个方向随机采集枝条上第3、4片当年生成熟无病害叶片,混合装入无菌塑料袋,采集3个重复叶片带回实验室,用去离子水清洗、擦干水分,置于105 ℃烘箱烘烤30 min杀青后,再于75 ℃烘干至恒重,计算叶片含水量。用粉碎机粉碎过筛,装入贴好标签的无菌封口袋,备用。分别于施肥前和施肥5个月后测定试验地油茶林的土壤相关理化性质。采用鲍士旦[10]的方法测定叶片含水量、营养元素含量及土壤理化性质等相关指标。
采集0~20 cm、20~40 cm土层原状土,采用环刀法[11]对土壤容重、田间持水量和孔隙度进行测定,每土层重复3次。用土钻采集至少10个样点的土样用于土壤化学性质及土壤酶活性测定。每层土壤混合后,将部分样品及时装入铝盒带回实验室,用于土壤含水量测定;其余部分用四分法取1 kg土样,标记好装入无菌采样袋带回实验室,自然风干处理后,过1 mm和0.25 mm尼龙筛,装入小无菌袋标记好后测定相关指标。采用朱丛飞等[12]的方法用美能达SPAD-502plus叶绿素仪测定叶片SPAD值,采用水浸提电位法[13]测定土壤pH,采用陈莹等[14]的方法测定土壤酶活性。
采用Excel 2010、SPSS Statistics 22.0及Origin 2024软件进行数据处理和绘图。
图1A可知,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高叶片含水量,增幅分别为6.18%、9.24%、6.01%、7.53%、11.23%,其中,仅T4处理的叶片含水量显著高于CK1。由图1B可知,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高叶片SPAD值,增幅分别为16.67%、17.54%、15.26%、26.97%、16.17%,其中,仅T3处理的叶片SPAD值显著高于CK1。总体而言,与CK2相比,施用生物有机肥及常规复合肥均可显著提高油茶叶片的含水量及SPAD值。
表1可知,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高叶片氮元素含量,增幅分别为17.44%、39.51%、24.34%、23.25%、21.53%,其中,仅T1处理显著高于CK1。与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T3、T4处理能显著提高叶片磷元素含量,增幅分别为11.94%、25.37%、34.33%、31.34%,其中,T1、T3、T4处理的叶片磷元素含量显著高于CK1。与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高叶片钾元素含量,增幅分别为23.93%、21.08%、15.38%、25.07%、18.80%,且各处理之间差异不显著。与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高叶片钙元素含量,增幅分别为26.50%、38.75%、41.02%、59.83%、56.70%,其中,T2、T3、T4处理的叶片钙元素含量显著高于CK1。与CK2相比,T1、T3、T4处理能显著提高叶片镁元素含量,增幅分别为7.14%、14.29%、5.95%,其中,仅T3处理的叶片镁元素含量显著高于CK1
表2可知,T1、T3、T4处理的叶片铁元素含量显著高于CK2,增幅分别为37.38%、119.49%、126.64%,其中,T3、T4处理含量最高(二者之间差异不显著)。T2、T3、T4处理的叶片锰元素含量显著高于CK2,增幅分别为22.86%、20.0%、14.29%,而CK1则显著低于CK2。与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T3、T4处理显著提高叶片锌元素含量,增幅分别为24.61%、20.53%、29.40%、63.58%,其中,T4处理显著高于其他处理。与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3处理均可显著提高叶片铜元素含量,增幅分别为41.36%、87.62%、24.92%、29.49%,其中,T1处理显著高于其他处理,T2、T3处理与CK1之间差异不显著;T4处理显著低于CK1的叶片铜元素含量,但与CK2之间差异不显著。因此,除CK1处理的叶片锰元素含量显著低于CK2外,施用4种生物有机肥及常规复合肥均可不同程度地提高油茶叶片中的大、中、微量元素,但不同施肥处理在不同元素含量提高方面互有差异。
图2A可知,在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤含水量,增幅分别为22.08%、35.88%、26.18%、26.69%、28.06%,其中仅T1处理的土壤含水量显著高于CK1,而T2、T3、T4处理与CK1之间差异不显著。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤含水量,增幅分别为19.28%、20.14%、21.73%、22.34%、20.02%,且各处理之间差异不显著。由图2B可知,在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高田间持水量,增幅分别为16.91%、28.19%、24.23%、20.11%、21.72%,且各处理之间差异不显著。在20~40 cm土层,与CK1和CK2相比,T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高田间持水量,与CK2相比,增幅分别为21.27%、15.93%、20.03%、12.98%,其中,T1、T3处理之间差异不显著且二者显著高于T4处理。在0~20 cm土层,所有处理的土壤容重及土壤孔隙度均差异不显著。在20~40 cm土层,与CK1和CK2相比,T1、T2、T4处理与CK1、CK2的土壤容重差异不显著,T3处理则显著低于CK2图2C)。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,仅T3处理能够显著提高土壤孔隙度,增幅为3.75%,T1、T2、T4处理与CK1和CK2之间差异不显著(图2D)。
因此,不同施肥处理下油茶林地不同土层土壤的物理性状差异不显著。从土壤含水量和田间持水量来看,各生物有机肥处理均高于CK2;从土壤容重与孔隙度来看,0~20 cm土层各处理与对照之间差异不显著,而在20~40 cm土层上只有T3处理效果最显著。
表3可知,在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T2、T3处理能显著提高土壤pH,其中,CK1和T2处理的效果最好(二者之间差异不显著),但显著高于T3处理;而T1、T4处理则与CK2之间差异不显著。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T2处理能显著提高土壤pH,其中CK1的土壤pH最高且显著高于其他处理,T1、T4处理之间差异不显著但显著低于CK2
在0~20 cm土层,与CK1和CK2相比,T1、T2、T4处理能显著提高土壤有机质含量,与CK2相比,增幅分别为99.28%、55.80%、48.55%,其中,T1处理显著高于其他处理,T2、T4处理之间差异不显著。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤有机质含量,增幅分别为65.0%、102.0%、106.0%、25.0%、108.0%,其中,T1、T2、T4处理效果最好(三者之间差异不显著),CK1次之。
在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T3、T4处理能显著提高土壤碱解氮含量,增幅分别为63.82%、62.53%、25.96%、35.70%,其中,CK1和T1处理的效果最好(二者之间差异不显著),T3、T4处理次之。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T4处理能显著提高土壤碱解氮含量,增幅分别为57.19%、46.58%、42.47%,且三者之间差异不显著,而T2、T3处理则与CK2之间差异不显著。
在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤速效磷含量,增幅分别为41.34%、154.19%、117.32%、48.04%、400.56%,其中,T4处理显著高于其他处理,T1、T2处理之间差异不显著,T3处理和CK1之间差异不显著,但T1、T2处理显著高于T3处理和CK1。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤速效磷含量,增幅分别为105.71%、157.86%、477.14%、80.0%、742.85%,其中,T4处理效果最好,T2处理次之。
在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T4处理能显著提高土壤速效钾含量,增幅分别为73.79%、126.80%、162.59%,其中T1、T4处理的效果最好(二者之间差异不显著)。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T4处理能显著提高土壤速效钾含量,增幅分别为84.24%、69.50%、50.81%、176.48%,其中T4处理效果最好。
总体来看,T1、T4处理的土壤pH较低,但仍然处于海南油茶的适宜pH范围内[9]。不同生物有机肥和常规复合肥均能不同程度地提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量,其中T1、T4处理表现较好。
图3A可知,在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性,增幅分别为31.76%、31.04%、19.98%、15.77%、30.70%,其中,CK1与T1、T4处理效果最好(三者之间差异不显著),T2、T3处理次之。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3处理能显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性,增幅分别为45.85%、21.70%、13.90%、14.11%,其中,CK1处理效果最好,T1处理次之。
图3B可知,在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,增幅分别为20.17%、95.34%、90.41%、27.57%、103.12%。其中,T1、T4处理效果最好(二者之间差异不显著),T2处理次之。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,增幅分别为24.0%、79.84%、82.82%、54.71%、87.66%。其中,T1、T2、T4处理效果最好(三者之间差异不显著),T3处理次之。
图3C可知,在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤脲酶活性,增幅分别为149.72%、222.49%、36.43%、21.93%、156.70%。其中,T1处理效果最好,CK1、T4处理次之。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤脲酶活性,增幅分别为53.10%、126.80%、23.10%、24.03%、126.80%。其中,T1、T4处理效果最好(二者之间差异不显著),CK1次之。
图3D可知,在0~20 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T3、T4处理能显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,增幅分别为10.67%、6.48%、11.91%、14.34%。其中,CK1、T3、T4处理效果最好(三者之间差异不显著),T1处理次之。在20~40 cm土层,与CK2相比,CK1、T1、T2、T3、T4处理均可显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,增幅分别为6.21%、21.07%、12.68%、7.76%、11.94%。其中,T1处理效果最好,T2、T4处理次之。
总之,施用生物有机肥均能不同程度地有效提高不同土层的土壤酶活性。综合来看,在土壤过氧化氢酶活性提升效果方面,CK1最好,T1处理次之;酸性磷酸酶活性提升效果以T1、T4处理最好,T2处理次之;脲酶活性提升效果以T1处理最好,T4处理次之;蔗糖酶活性提升效果在0~20 cm土层以CK1、T3、T4处理最好,T1处理次之,在20~40 cm土层蔗糖酶活性提升效果则是以T1处理最好,T2、T4处理次之。
叶片营养状况能在一定程度上反映作物对土壤养分的吸收状况,通过植物叶片养分含量分析,可以判断果树的果实和树体的营养丰缺情况[15]。前人研究结果表明,生物肥与有机肥对植物叶片养分含量影响显著,有利于叶片的养分积累,可以提高叶片SPAD值和元素含量[16-18]。在本研究中,施用不同的生物有机肥均能显著提高油茶叶片含水量、SPAD值及元素含量。综合来说,叶片含水量增加以T1、T3、T4处理效果最好(三者之间差异不显著);叶片SPAD值提高以T3处理效果最好;叶片大量元素含量提升以T1、T3、T4处理效果最好,在叶片中、微量元素含量提升效果以T3、T4处理效果最好,T1处理次之,但在叶片铜元素含量上,T1处理效果远高于其他处理。综上,T3、T4处理对叶片营养影响效果最大,提升叶片养分含量效果最好,T1处理次之。常规复合肥处理的锰元素含量与其他处理组及不施肥处理明显要低,这可能与常规复合肥能够显著提高土壤pH相关[19],pH升高后引发土壤某种化学反应,减少了油茶林地锰元素交换态含量[20],从而树体吸收的有效锰元素减少而导致叶片锰元素含量降低。
多项研究表明,有机肥和生物肥可以改善土壤结构,提高土壤保水保肥能力,提高土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,同时提高土壤pH,防止土壤酸化,从而改善土壤理化性质[21-26]。本研究土壤初始肥力测定可知,试验所用油茶林地肥力不高,其中速效钾严重缺乏,这与付登强等[9]对海南澄迈地区油茶林土壤养分含量的调查情况一致。施用生物有机肥显著提高土壤含水量与田间持水量,各处理土壤容重与孔隙度无显著差距。T1、T3处理对提升土壤含水量和田间持水量效果最好,除T1、T4处理对提升pH效果不大外(pH仍然在适合油茶生长的范围内),其他处理均能提高土壤pH。施用生物有机肥提高了土壤有机质及碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量,改善油茶林土壤的化学性质,T1、T4处理总体表现较好,说明T1和T4处理的生物有机肥可针对性地用于提高海南油茶林地肥力和速效钾含量。生物有机肥直接补充土壤中的营养元素,改善土壤物理化学性质和生物学活性,以及生物有机肥中有益微生物在土壤中的繁殖和转化都可能是导致施肥后提高土壤养分的原因。
土壤酶活性能够反映土壤生物学活性,是衡量土壤健康的重要指标[27]。土壤酶对土壤有许多重要的作用,可提高土壤养分的转化和降解有害物质[28],特别是过氧化氢酶可以清除有害的活性氧(ROS),从而保护细胞免受氧化损伤,有助于土壤微生物或植物根系的生长[29]。本研究结果表明,施用生物有机肥能够提高土壤酶活性,与前人的研究结果一致[30-33]。在提升土壤过氧化氢酶活性效果方面,T1处理仅在20~40 cm土层次于CK1复合肥对照组;酸性磷酸酶活性提升以T1、T4效果最好;脲酶活性提升以T1处理效果最好,T4处理次之;蔗糖酶活性提升效果不同土层不太一致,0~20 cm土层以CK1、T3、T4处理效果最好,T1处理次之,20~40 cm土层则是以T1处理效果最好,T2、T4处理次之。总体效果上,T1处理对油茶土壤酶活性影响效果最好。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2200700)
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023XDNY055)
  • 海南省山柚(油茶)产业技术联盟项目(kjcgzh017)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.11.013
  • 接收时间:2025-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08
  • 录用日期:2025-07-15
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2200700)
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023XDNY055)
海南省山柚(油茶)产业技术联盟项目(kjcgzh017)
作者信息
    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737
    2.海南大学南繁学院(三亚南繁研究院)/热带油茶海南省工程研究中心,海南三亚 572024
    3.海南大学生命健康学院,海南海口 570228
    4.福建以诺生物科技有限公司,福建武平 364300
    5.海南澄迈原真生态休闲农业开发有限公司,海南澄迈 571921

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* 刘进平(LIU Jinping),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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