Article(id=1276616273014427886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616049617408127, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1742486400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-21, onlineDate=1782298637870, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298637870, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298637870, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298637870, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616049617408127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1785', pageEnd='2029', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298584608, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782298660748, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276616369089147039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616049617408127, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276616369089147040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616049617408127, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1998, endPage=2008, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616273316417776, articleId=1276616273014427886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Antioxidant Activity and Quality of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil Extracted by Aqueous Enzymatic Method, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Moringa oleifera seed oil was extracted using an aqueous enzymatic method following microwave pretreatment of M. oleifera seed power. The antioxidant activity of M. oleifera seed oil was evaluated by its ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical. Single-factor experiments were initially conducted to evaluate the effects of key parameters, raw material particle size, microwave power, and microwave duration. Based on the findings, an orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the microwave pretreatment conditions, ultimately determining the most effective pretreatment parameters. The results showed that the optimal microwave pretreatment conditions were raw material crushing particle size of 60 mesh, microwave power of 800 W, and microwave time of 7 min. Under these conditions, the hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging rate of the obtained M. oleifera seed oil (at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL) was 43.98%. Compared to the sample without microwave pretreatment, the antioxidant activity increased by 15.16% (an absolute increase of 5.79%). This demonstrated that microwave pretreatment effectively enhanced the antioxidant capacity of M. oleifera seed oil extracted via the aqueous enzymatic method. The antioxidant activity tests revealed that M. oleifera seed oil extracted using microwave pretreatment combined with the aqueous enzymatic method possessed significant hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging ability, with a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.14 mg/mL. Additionally, the oil showed certain reducing ability toward Fe3+. Furthermore, compared to samples without microwave pretreatment, microwave pretreatment increased the acid value, iodine value, and the levels of polyphenols, total flavonoids, squalene, and phytosterols in Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted via the aqueous enzymatic method. Therefore, microwave pretreatment is a suitable pretreatment method for the enzymatic extraction of M. oleifera seed oil. Compared with the conventional aqueous enzymatic method, it can significantly improve the antioxidant activity of M. oleifera seed oil, increase the concentrations of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, squalene, and plant sterols. However, it also results in higher acid and iodine values, which may slightly compromise the overall quality of the oil. The results of this study could provide technical insights and references for the comprehensive development and high-value utilization of M. oleifera resources.

, authors=null, authorsList=Biaoshi WANG, Xiaojun HU, Shumin LIU, Heng LI, Yunqing HE, Zhiping HAN, Chunlan LI, Haiyan HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616276973850886, articleId=1276616273014427886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=微波预处理对水酶法提取辣木籽油抗氧化活性和品质的影响, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以辣木籽为原料,采用微波预处理辣木籽粉再经水酶法提取辣木籽油,以清除羟自由基能力来评价提取的辣木籽油的抗氧化活性。选择原料粉碎粒度、微波功率和微波时间进行单因素试验,并在此基础上通过正交试验对微波预处理条件进行优化,获取最佳微波预处理条件。结果表明:最佳微波预处理条件为原料粉碎粒度60目、微波功率800 W、微波时间7 min,在此条件下,得到的辣木籽油(浓度为0.5 mg/mL)对羟自由基(·OH)的清除率为43.98%,与未经微波预处理的样品相比,抗氧化活性提升率达到15.16%(抗氧化活性增加了5.79%),说明微波预处理能增加水酶法提取的辣木籽油的抗氧化能力。抗氧化活性试验表明,微波预处理结合水酶法提取的辣木籽油具有较强的清除·OH的能力,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.14 mg/mL,对Fe3+具有一定的还原能力。此外,与未经过微波预处理相比,微波预处理使得水酶法提取的辣木籽油的酸价、碘值及多酚、总黄酮、角鲨烯和植物甾醇均有所增加。因此,微波预处理是一种适宜辣木籽油水酶法提取的预处理方式,与单纯的水酶法相比,能够显著提高辣木籽油的抗氧化活性,增加其中的活性物质多酚、总黄酮、角鲨烯和植物甾醇的含量,但是其酸价和碘值等质量指标也会增加,导致其品质有所降低。本研究结果可为辣木资源的综合开发及高值化利用提供技术支持和参考。

, authors=

王标诗(1980—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农副产品深加工及综合利用、食品加工及安全;E-mail:

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2.广东省辣木资源开发与利用工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524048, bio={"content":"

王标诗(1980—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农副产品深加工及综合利用、食品加工及安全;E-mail:

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王标诗(1980—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农副产品深加工及综合利用、食品加工及安全;E-mail:

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Aqueous enzymatic extraction of Moringa oleifera seed oil and antioxidant peptide somultaneously[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2017. 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Study on safflower seed oil: extraction process by aqueous enzymatic, its antioxidant activity and oxidation stability[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2017. 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Effect of microwave treatment on sinapic acid derivatives in rapeseeds and products and antioxidant activities[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2016. 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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=p3nl+28PzOGvO1i5TvYewg==, figureFileBig=GQYsFQpbCpgQkGxI0CqJhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616289539985743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of microwave power on ·OH scavenging ability of M. oleifera seed oil, figureFileSmall=3JZYLhpSSU7BRiXLI2k7aA==, figureFileBig=qxVpR9dBQUEm4xgtDRp0iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616289611288912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=图2, caption=微波功率对辣木籽油清除·OH能力的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=3JZYLhpSSU7BRiXLI2k7aA==, figureFileBig=qxVpR9dBQUEm4xgtDRp0iQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616289703563601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of microwave time on ·OH scavenging ability of M. oleifera seed oil, figureFileSmall=ttnmg2g1WHUMBEbeZDRv6Q==, figureFileBig=zglj41Oir3kGAIs17/VAWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616289783255378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=图3, caption=微波时间对辣木籽油清除·OH能力的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ttnmg2g1WHUMBEbeZDRv6Q==, figureFileBig=zglj41Oir3kGAIs17/VAWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616289854558547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effect of microwave pretreatment on·OH scavenging ability of M. oleifera seed oil, figureFileSmall=ZLRuT1a394g/T2juApLgJg==, figureFileBig=y46lxNpApb3BpzKHb+Yyng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616289921667412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=图4, caption=微波预处理对辣木籽油清除·OH能力的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ZLRuT1a394g/T2juApLgJg==, figureFileBig=y46lxNpApb3BpzKHb+Yyng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616289984581973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Scavenging capacity of hydroxyl radical (·OH) of M. oleifera seed oil and Vc, figureFileSmall=EsuNrx7CYhwmIsrbjgr31w==, figureFileBig=oMLyRvEyHyvrxrKv1/T69w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290055885142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=图5, caption=辣木籽油和Vc对羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=EsuNrx7CYhwmIsrbjgr31w==, figureFileBig=oMLyRvEyHyvrxrKv1/T69w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290135576919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Reducing power of M. oleifera seed oil and Vc, figureFileSmall=j4XTHsYcfuU1Q5cjCHVghA==, figureFileBig=5DFlyEW0syiQKXgxL/9hRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290206880088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=图6, caption=辣木籽油和Vc的还原力

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=j4XTHsYcfuU1Q5cjCHVghA==, figureFileBig=5DFlyEW0syiQKXgxL/9hRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290273988953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effect of microwave pretreatment on acid value and iodine value of M. oleifera seed oil by aqueous enzymatic method extraction, figureFileSmall=nQC7lcU3cmBytl/NU8JROg==, figureFileBig=fxHomuZnEpTdeRWL7/0GkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290336903514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=图7, caption=微波预处理对水酶法提取辣木籽油酸价和碘值的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=nQC7lcU3cmBytl/NU8JROg==, figureFileBig=fxHomuZnEpTdeRWL7/0GkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290395623771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Effect of microwave pretreatment on total flavonoids and polyphenols of M. oleifera seed oil by aqueous enzymatic method extraction, figureFileSmall=W5NNj4wDWp61zf5sxTdbHA==, figureFileBig=W5f86PxHfuqTWgpZorqHsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290458538332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=图8, caption=微波预处理对水酶法提取辣木籽油中总黄酮和多酚的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=W5NNj4wDWp61zf5sxTdbHA==, figureFileBig=W5f86PxHfuqTWgpZorqHsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290521452893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Effect of microwave pretreatment on squalene and plant sterols of M. oleifera seed oil by aqueous enzymatic method extraction, figureFileSmall=14MLYDGXixCcLRbCS/rHNg==, figureFileBig=aYfUGcJxgx+3WIQgFQLU0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290571784542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=图9, caption=微波预处理对水酶法提取辣木籽油中角鲨烯和植物甾醇的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=14MLYDGXixCcLRbCS/rHNg==, figureFileBig=aYfUGcJxgx+3WIQgFQLU0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616290626310495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Orthogonal experiment factors and levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平Level原料粉碎粒度(A)Raw material crushing particle size/mesh微波功率(B)Microwave power/W微波时间(C)Microwave time/min
1604803
2806405
31008007
), ArticleFig(id=1276616290689225056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

正交试验因素水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平Level原料粉碎粒度(A)Raw material crushing particle size/mesh微波功率(B)Microwave power/W微波时间(C)Microwave time/min
1604803
2806405
31008007
), ArticleFig(id=1276616290752139617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Orthogonal test design and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor水平Level·OH清除率·OH scavenging rate/%
原料粉碎粒度(A)Raw material crushing particle size微波功率(B)Microwave power微波时间(C)Microwave time空列Blank column
1111141.54±1.37
2122238.19±0.15
3133343.90±1.30
4212341.02±0.57
5223139.80±0.57
6231242.19±1.75
7313241.25±2.00
8321340.50±0.43
9332141.02±0.57
K1123.63123.81124.23122.36
K2123.01118.49120.23121.63
K3122.77127.11124.95125.42
k141.2141.2741.4140.79
k241.0039.5040.0840.54
k340.9242.3741.6541.81
极差R0.292.871.571.26
因素主次B>C>A
优方案B3C3A1
), ArticleFig(id=1276616290815054178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交试验设计及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor水平Level·OH清除率·OH scavenging rate/%
原料粉碎粒度(A)Raw material crushing particle size微波功率(B)Microwave power微波时间(C)Microwave time空列Blank column
1111141.54±1.37
2122238.19±0.15
3133343.90±1.30
4212341.02±0.57
5223139.80±0.57
6231242.19±1.75
7313241.25±2.00
8321340.50±0.43
9332141.02±0.57
K1123.63123.81124.23122.36
K2123.01118.49120.23121.63
K3122.77127.11124.95125.42
k141.2141.2741.4140.79
k241.0039.5040.0840.54
k340.9242.3741.6541.81
极差R0.292.871.571.26
因素主次B>C>A
优方案B3C3A1
), ArticleFig(id=1276616290882163043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Variance analysis of orthogonal experiments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源Source of variance离差平方和Quadratic sum of deviations自由度dfMean square均方F显著性Significance
A0.13020.0650.092
B12.61026.3058.943*
C4.31022.1553.057
空列2.69021.345
误差2.82040.705
F0.05(2, 4)=6.94F0.01(2, 4)=18.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276616290936688996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616273014427886, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正交实验方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源Source of variance离差平方和Quadratic sum of deviations自由度dfMean square均方F显著性Significance
A0.13020.0650.092
B12.61026.3058.943*
C4.31022.1553.057
空列2.69021.345
误差2.82040.705
F0.05(2, 4)=6.94F0.01(2, 4)=18.00
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微波预处理对水酶法提取辣木籽油抗氧化活性和品质的影响
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王标诗 1, 2 , 胡小军 1, 2 , 刘淑敏 1, 2 , 李恒 1, 2 , 何韵晴 1, 2 , 韩志萍 1, 2 , 李春兰 1, 2 , 黄海燕 1
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2025,46(8): 1998-2008
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2025 , 46 (8) : 1998 -2008
微波预处理对水酶法提取辣木籽油抗氧化活性和品质的影响
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王标诗(1980—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农副产品深加工及综合利用、食品加工及安全;E-mail:

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王标诗(1980—),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:农副产品深加工及综合利用、食品加工及安全;E-mail:

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王标诗1, 2 , 胡小军1, 2, 刘淑敏1, 2, 李恒1, 2, 何韵晴1, 2, 韩志萍1, 2, 李春兰1, 2, 黄海燕1
作者信息
  • 1.岭南师范学院食品科学与工程学院,广东湛江 524048
  • 2.广东省辣木资源开发与利用工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524048
Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Antioxidant Activity and Quality of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil Extracted by Aqueous Enzymatic Method
Biaoshi WANG1, 2 , Xiaojun HU1, 2, Shumin LIU1, 2, Heng LI1, 2, Yunqing HE1, 2, Zhiping HAN1, 2, Chunlan LI1, 2, Haiyan HUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China
  • 2.Engineering and Technology Research Center of Development and Utilization of Moringa oleifera in Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.022
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本研究以辣木籽为原料,采用微波预处理辣木籽粉再经水酶法提取辣木籽油,以清除羟自由基能力来评价提取的辣木籽油的抗氧化活性。选择原料粉碎粒度、微波功率和微波时间进行单因素试验,并在此基础上通过正交试验对微波预处理条件进行优化,获取最佳微波预处理条件。结果表明:最佳微波预处理条件为原料粉碎粒度60目、微波功率800 W、微波时间7 min,在此条件下,得到的辣木籽油(浓度为0.5 mg/mL)对羟自由基(·OH)的清除率为43.98%,与未经微波预处理的样品相比,抗氧化活性提升率达到15.16%(抗氧化活性增加了5.79%),说明微波预处理能增加水酶法提取的辣木籽油的抗氧化能力。抗氧化活性试验表明,微波预处理结合水酶法提取的辣木籽油具有较强的清除·OH的能力,半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.14 mg/mL,对Fe3+具有一定的还原能力。此外,与未经过微波预处理相比,微波预处理使得水酶法提取的辣木籽油的酸价、碘值及多酚、总黄酮、角鲨烯和植物甾醇均有所增加。因此,微波预处理是一种适宜辣木籽油水酶法提取的预处理方式,与单纯的水酶法相比,能够显著提高辣木籽油的抗氧化活性,增加其中的活性物质多酚、总黄酮、角鲨烯和植物甾醇的含量,但是其酸价和碘值等质量指标也会增加,导致其品质有所降低。本研究结果可为辣木资源的综合开发及高值化利用提供技术支持和参考。

微波预处理  /  水酶法  /  提取  /  辣木籽油  /  抗氧化活性  /  品质

Moringa oleifera seed oil was extracted using an aqueous enzymatic method following microwave pretreatment of M. oleifera seed power. The antioxidant activity of M. oleifera seed oil was evaluated by its ability to scavenge hydroxyl radical. Single-factor experiments were initially conducted to evaluate the effects of key parameters, raw material particle size, microwave power, and microwave duration. Based on the findings, an orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the microwave pretreatment conditions, ultimately determining the most effective pretreatment parameters. The results showed that the optimal microwave pretreatment conditions were raw material crushing particle size of 60 mesh, microwave power of 800 W, and microwave time of 7 min. Under these conditions, the hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging rate of the obtained M. oleifera seed oil (at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL) was 43.98%. Compared to the sample without microwave pretreatment, the antioxidant activity increased by 15.16% (an absolute increase of 5.79%). This demonstrated that microwave pretreatment effectively enhanced the antioxidant capacity of M. oleifera seed oil extracted via the aqueous enzymatic method. The antioxidant activity tests revealed that M. oleifera seed oil extracted using microwave pretreatment combined with the aqueous enzymatic method possessed significant hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging ability, with a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.14 mg/mL. Additionally, the oil showed certain reducing ability toward Fe3+. Furthermore, compared to samples without microwave pretreatment, microwave pretreatment increased the acid value, iodine value, and the levels of polyphenols, total flavonoids, squalene, and phytosterols in Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted via the aqueous enzymatic method. Therefore, microwave pretreatment is a suitable pretreatment method for the enzymatic extraction of M. oleifera seed oil. Compared with the conventional aqueous enzymatic method, it can significantly improve the antioxidant activity of M. oleifera seed oil, increase the concentrations of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, squalene, and plant sterols. However, it also results in higher acid and iodine values, which may slightly compromise the overall quality of the oil. The results of this study could provide technical insights and references for the comprehensive development and high-value utilization of M. oleifera resources.

microwave pretreatment  /  aqueous enzymatic method  /  extraction  /  Moringa oleifera seed oil  /  antioxidant activity  /  quality
王标诗, 胡小军, 刘淑敏, 李恒, 何韵晴, 韩志萍, 李春兰, 黄海燕. 微波预处理对水酶法提取辣木籽油抗氧化活性和品质的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1998 -2008 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.022
Biaoshi WANG, Xiaojun HU, Shumin LIU, Heng LI, Yunqing HE, Zhiping HAN, Chunlan LI, Haiyan HUANG. Effect of Microwave Pretreatment on Antioxidant Activity and Quality of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil Extracted by Aqueous Enzymatic Method[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1998 -2008 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.022
辣木(Moringa oleifera)是被子门辣木科辣木属的一种植物,因其根部味道辛辣而得名[1]。辣木的叶、花、芽、根及种子都具有食用和药用价值,因此被称为“奇迹之树”[2]。辣木籽呈球形,直径约1 cm,质量约0.3 g[3],富含油脂、蛋白质、维生素、矿质元素、多聚糖、黄酮及多酚类化合物等营养成分[4-5],具有广泛的生物活性。辣木籽油的含量在35%~40%之间,其中含有大量不饱和脂肪酸,油酸含量超过73%[6],被认为是橄榄油的替代品,是一种高质量的食用油[7]。油酸对人体健康发挥着重要作用,具有极佳的抗氧化、延缓衰老和清除自由基的能力。辣木籽油中还含有植物甾醇、生育酚、维生素E等多种生物活性成分[8],具有降低血脂和胆固醇、预防心血管疾病、消炎、杀菌、润肤、抗紫外线等功效[9-10]。辣木籽油具有芳香固者性强、氧化稳定性高和黏稠性较低等优点,在食品、医药、化妆品、生物柴油[7]等领域得到了广泛的应用[10]
随着经济的不断增长和生活水平的不断提高,中国对食用油的需求也在不断增加。2021—2022年,中国食用油的自给率仅为35.9%[11],无法满足国内需求,需要大量进口油料油脂。因此,辣木籽油作为一种新兴的营养和保健食用油,具有巨大的市场潜力。
目前,辣木籽油的提取方法主要包括压榨法、有机溶剂提取法、水酶法、超临界CO2萃取法和超声波辅助法等[12-14]。然而压榨法残油率高;有机溶剂法存在化学污染;超临界CO2萃取法工艺复杂且设备成本高;超声波辅助法操作简便省时,但易形成超声空白区,从而影响提取效率[15]。相比之下,水酶法作为一种绿色生产的现代化提油技术,具有设备简单、操作便捷、作用条件温和、生产工艺环保等优点[16]。因此,考虑到环境污染、工艺难易和生产成本等因素,水酶法凭借其独特优势已成为近年来提取植物油脂的研究热点[17]
微波预处理作为一种新型预处理方法,是通过高频电磁场快速改变产生能量,物体吸收微波能量后,内部极性分子通过震动和摩擦将能量转化为热能,使物体细胞壁结构破裂,有利于细胞内油脂及抗氧化活性成分的溶出,从而提高了油脂的出油率和抗氧化能力[9],目前在油料的预处理方面日益受到关注。已有学者研究了微波预处理对油茶籽油[18]、油菜籽油[19]、元宝枫籽油[20]、紫苏籽油[21]等植物油脂抗氧化活性的影响,但关于微波预处理对辣木籽油抗氧化活性和品质的影响研究相对较少,微波预处理结合水酶法提取辣木籽油并对其抗氧化活性和品质的影响报道更少。
因此,本研究选择了辣木籽作为研究对象,在水酶法提取辣木籽油工艺的基础上[22],采用微波预处理辣木籽粉结合水酶法来提取辣木籽油,以抗氧化能力为指标探讨微波预处理条件对辣木籽油抗氧化活性的影响,同时,对其品质和活性成分的影响进行探讨,本研究可为辣木籽油的开发和高值化利用提供参考。
辣木籽购于湛江市旭昇南药种植专业合作社。
中性蛋白酶(6万U/g),北京奥博星生物科技有限责任公司;复合蛋白酶(5万U/g),南宁山万生物科技有限公司;盐酸、氢氧化钠、无水乙醇、邻二氮菲、氯化钠、磷酸氢二钠、氯化钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钠、硫酸亚铁、过氧化氢、抗坏血酸(Vc)、铁氰化钾、三氯乙酸、三氯化铁、没食子酸、福林酚、硝酸铝、角鲨烯等试剂均为分析纯。
FA2204B电磁平衡式密度天平,上海精科天美科学仪器有限公司;Q-300B高速多功能粉碎机,上海冰都电器有限公司;MM823EA6-PS微波炉,广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司;SYWF-60水浴恒温振荡培养箱,天津市莱玻特瑞仪器设备有限公司;TGL16M高速冷冻离心机,盐城市凯特实验仪器有限公司;V-5000紫外-可见分光光度计,广州市红图仪器有限公司;GFL-230鼓风干燥箱,天津市莱玻特瑞仪器设备有限公司;HH-ZK2恒温水浴锅,巩义市予华仪器有限责任公司;JK1652双向磁力加热搅拌器,北京精凯达仪器有限公司;SK-1快速混匀器,常州华奥仪器制造有限公司;DK-98-II电子调温万用电炉,天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司;PHS-3C雷磁pH计,上海精密科学仪器有限公司;Nexisgc-2030气相色谱仪,株式会社岛津制作所。
辣木籽脱壳除杂,55 ℃鼓风干燥箱中干燥72 h,放入高速多功能粉碎机中粉碎,筛分,得到不同粉碎粒度的辣木籽粉(20~100目),平铺置于玻璃皿中,放进微波炉中,设置不同功率、不同时间进行微波预处理(采用微波间歇加热的方法),待样品冷却至室温后,密封于聚乙烯袋后置于干燥器中,备用。未经微波预处理的辣木籽粉作对照样品。
参考王标诗等[22]的方法,准确称取10.0 g经微波预处理过的辣木籽粉置于锥形瓶中,加入料液比为1∶6(g/mL)的蒸馏水混合,将pH调至5.0,然后加入6%的复合酶制剂(中性蛋白酶∶复合蛋白酶=1∶1),充分混合后,用保鲜膜密封锥形瓶口,在水浴恒温振荡培养箱中以50 ℃、120 r/min的条件振荡提取4 h,接着将样品置于水浴锅中,加热至90 ℃,保持10 min以灭活酶活性。处理完成后,将样品以11 000 r/min的转速离心30 min,利用滴管吸取上层油脂,即可获得辣木籽油。
分别考察原料粉碎度、微波功率和微波时间对辣木籽油清除羟自由基能力的影响。在微波功率160 W、微波时间5 min条件下,选取不同原料粉碎粒度(20、40、60、80、100目)的辣木籽粉进行微波预处理再水酶法提取辣木籽油,以无水乙醇为溶剂,将辣木籽油配制成浓度为0.5 mg/mL的溶液,测定其清除羟自由基的能力。在原料粉碎粒度80目、微波时间5 min条件下,选取不同的微波功率(160、320、480、640、800 W)对辣木籽粉进行微波预处理后水酶法提取辣木籽油,以无水乙醇为溶剂,将辣木籽油配制成浓度为0.5 mg/mL的溶液,测定其清除羟自由基的能力。在原料粉碎粒度80目、微波功率640 W条件下,选取不同的微波时间(1、3、5、7、9 min)对辣木籽粉进行微波预处理后水酶法提取辣木籽油,以无水乙醇为溶剂,将辣木籽油配制成浓度为0.5 mg/mL的溶液,测定其清除羟自由基的能力。
基于单因素实验结果,以羟自由基清除能力为评价指标,对原料粉碎粒度、微波功率和微波时间3个研究因素进行3因素3水平正交实验,以优化微波预处理条件。
采用邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化法[23]。以无水乙醇为溶剂,将辣木籽油配制成浓度为(0.25、0.50、0.75、1.00、1.25 mg/mL)的溶液备用。将1 mL浓度为1.5 mmol/L的邻二氮菲溶液和2 mL浓度为0.01 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.4)加入样品管中,充分混匀后,再加入1 mL浓度为0.5 mmol/L的FeSO4溶液并立即混匀,接着加入1 mL不同浓度的辣木籽油溶液。用蒸馏水补至总体积7 mL,充分混匀后再加入1 mL 0.02%的H2O2,将混合后的试样置于37 ℃恒温水浴锅中保温1 h,用可见分光光度计检测其在510 nm处的吸光度,记为A样品;损伤管中用蒸馏水代替不同浓度的辣木籽油溶液,其余步骤与样品管相同,所得吸光度记为A损伤;未损伤管中用蒸馏水代替H2O2,其余步骤与损伤管相同,所得吸光度记为A未损伤。并与相同浓度的Vc溶液进行比较。平行测定3次,计算平均值。根据以下公式计算样品对·OH自由基的清除率:
采用铁氰化钾还原法。以无水乙醇为溶剂,将辣木籽油配制成浓度为(0.025、0.050、0.075、0.100、0.125 mg/mL)的溶液备用。将2.0 mL不同浓度的辣木籽油溶液、2.5 mL浓度为0.2 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 6.6)与2.5 mL 1%铁氰化钾溶液充分混合并摇匀,在50 ℃水浴锅中保温20 min后快速冷却,然后加入2.5 mL 10%三氯乙酸,在低速离心机中以4800 r/min转速离心10 min。取2.5 mL上清液,加入2.5 mL 0.1%三氯化铁和2.5 mL蒸馏水,充分混合后静置10 min,最后使用可见分光光度计于700 nm处测其吸光度。并与相同浓度的Vc溶液进行比较。平行测定3次,计算平均值。
参照GB5009.37—2003测定酸值,参照GB/T5532—2008测定碘值。
参照李少华等[15]的方法测定辣木籽油总黄酮的含量;参照郭英等[20]的方法使用福林-酚法测定辣木籽中多酚含量;参照吴雪辉等[9]的方法测定辣木籽油中植物甾醇含量;参照《动植物中角鲨烯含量的测定》(GB/T 43732—2024)采用气相色谱法测定辣木籽油中角鲨烯的含量。
试验数据平行测定3次,结果以平均值±标准差表示。使用Excel软件记录实验数据,使用Origin软件绘制图表,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析,使用LSD检验方法进行显著性分析(P<0.05为显著差异,P<0.01为极显著差异)。
图1可知,随着原料粉碎粒度的增加,辣木籽油清除·OH的能力总体呈先上升后下降趋势,原料粉碎粒度为80目时,清除·OH的能力最高(35.36%)。这是因为辣木籽粉的粒径越小,表面积就越大,传质作用面积也越大,吸收微波能量后细胞破裂越迅速[24],油脂和抗氧化活性成分越容易从细胞中转移出来。当原料粉碎粒度大于80目时,清除·OH的能力出现下降趋势,原因可能是原料粉碎粒度大于80目时,物料颗粒之间的间隙过小,易结块成团使得原料在微波预处理时受热不均匀而不利于油脂的通过[25],影响到一些抗氧化活性成分的提取,辣木籽油中抗氧化活性成分的含量减少,从而导致清除·OH自由基的能力下降。方差分析结果表明,原料粉碎粒度对辣木籽油清除·OH能力的影响极显著(P<0.01)。综合考虑,选取原料粉碎粒度60、80、100目作为正交试验中该因素的3个水平。
图2可知,辣木籽油清除·OH自由基的能力随着微波功率的增加而增强。当微波功率达到640 W时,清除能力达到最高值(39.00%),但随着微波功率的进一步增加,清除能力有所下降。适当的微波预处理可以显著增加油脂中的油脂伴随物含量,从而提高油脂的抗氧化能力[26]。当微波功率增大时,辣木籽粉的组织细胞被破坏,其释放油脂的阻力减少[27],促进了油脂伴随物中抗氧化活性成分的溶出,从而提高清除羟自由基的能力;但微波功率过大时,温度迅速升高,物料可能发生焦化,影响出油率[27]。同时,使部分抗氧化活性成分结构遭到破坏或者发生降解,导致辣木籽油的清除·OH能力减弱。方差分析结果表明,微波功率对辣木籽油清除·OH能力的影响极显著(P<0.01)。综合考虑,在正交试验中选取微波功率480、640、800 W作为该因素的3个水平。
图3可知,随着微波时间的增长,辣木籽油清除·OH的能力也提高,7 min时的清除率达到最高值(40.59%),超过7 min后,辣木籽油的清除·OH能力下降。不同的微波预处理条件会对油脂中的天然微量活性成分产生影响,从而影响油脂的抗氧化活性[21]。在微波条件下,由于微波预处理时间过长,辣木籽粉中的黄酮、多酚等活性物质可能在热作用下结构遭到破坏或者发生降解[28],因此,微波时间设定不宜过长,微波时间选择7 min为宜。方差分析结果表明,微波时间对辣木籽油清除·OH能力的影响极显著(P<0.01)。综合考虑,选取微波时间3、5、7 min作为正交试验中该因素的3个水平。
基于单因素试验结果,以羟自由基清除能力为评价指标,对原料粉碎粒度、微波功率和微波时间3个研究因素进行3因素3水平正交试验,具体因素水平如表1所示。
表2中的极差R可知,RB>RC>RA,以辣木籽油对羟自由基的清除率为指标,本研究中3个影响因素的主次顺序依次为微波功率>微波时间>原料粉碎粒度。由表3方差分析可知,微波功率对水酶法提取的辣木籽油清除·OH的能力影响显著,微波时间和原料粉碎粒度对辣木籽油清除·OH的能力影响不显著。综上所述,确定的最佳因素水平组合为B3C3A1,即原料粉碎粒度60目、微波功率800 W、微波时间7 min。在该条件下进行3次平行验证试验,得到的辣木籽油对·OH的清除率平均值达43.98%。
图4可知,微波预处理对辣木籽油清除·OH的能力影响极显著(P<0.01),经过微波预处理结合水酶法提取的辣木籽油对·OH的清除率从38.19%提高到43.98%,比未微波预处理的高5.79个百分点,提升率达到15.16%。这与杨湄等[29]研究微波预处理后火麻籽油抗氧化活性的变化情况类似。可能是因为微波预处理能够破坏辣木籽粉的细胞结构,促使具有抗氧化作用的油脂伴随物质(如多酚、植物甾醇、生育酚等[26])的溶出,提高了辣木籽油清除羟自由基的能力,从而在一定程度上提高了辣木籽油的抗氧化活性。此外,辣木籽油抗氧化活性的提高可能与微波预处理过程中美拉德反应产物的生成有关[21]
·OH是一种氧化能力很强的自由基,会破坏人体DNA的结构,造成不可逆的损伤,并损害细胞膜的结构和功能,引起衰老和其他多种氧化代谢紊乱;在Fenton反应中生成的·OH可以促进邻二氮菲-Fe2+氧化为邻二氮菲-Fe3+,而加入抗氧化剂可以减缓这一反应。由于邻二氮菲-Fe2+的水溶液呈橙红色,可以通过其颜色变化测定吸光度,从而分析抗氧化剂的抗氧化活性[30]。从图5可知,辣木籽油和Vc均具有较强的清除·OH的能力,且这种能力随着质量浓度的增加而增强。辣木籽油和Vc对羟自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.14、0.12 mg/mL,差异较小。这表明辣木籽油和Vc均有一定的清除羟自由基的作用,但Vc的清除羟自由基能力更强。在质量浓度为1.25 mg/mL时,辣木籽油对·OH的清除率达到70.99%,与1 mg/mL Vc的清除率相当。
抗氧化剂的还原力与其抗氧化活性有一定的关系。通常使用铁氰化钾还原法来测定某物质的还原力,抗氧化剂通过自身的还原作用提供电子,将Fe3+还原为Fe2+。根据吸光度判断Fe2+的浓度,从而反映抗氧化剂的还原力,吸光度越高,物质的还原力和抗氧化活性越强[30]。因此,还原力的测定可以说明抗氧化活性的强弱。从图6可知,在所测浓度范围内,随着质量浓度的增加,Vc的还原力不断升高,而辣木籽油的还原力也呈缓慢上升的趋势,但变化不明显,且辣木籽油的还原力明显低于Vc。辣木籽油在质量浓度为0.125 mg/mL时,还原力仅为Vc的10.20%。这可能是因为辣木籽油中供氢体相对较少,且Vc作为水溶性抗氧化剂,反应时间更短,所以辣木籽油在相同浓度下的还原力没有Vc高。
图7可知,在清除羟自由基能力最高情况下进行微波预处理,经微波预处理再进行水酶法提取的辣木籽的酸价和碘值均比未经微波预处理显著增加(P<0.05),但是增加的幅度不大,主要是因为可能是微波预处理导致温度升高,辣木籽油在高温下会发生降解及氧化,致使酸价升高,同时,温度的增加使油脂氧化和水解速度加剧,导致不饱和脂肪酸的损失,从而使油脂品质降低[30]
图8可知,依据正交试验结果在清除羟自由基能力最高情况下进行微波预处理,经微波预处理再进行水酶法提取的辣木籽的总黄酮和多酚含量分别为6.25 mg/g和36.31 mg/g,均比未经微波预处理显著增加(P<0.05),分别增加15.53%和24.01%。主要是因为微波会破坏辣木籽细胞,使结合态酚类物质的共价键发生断裂,生成更多的游离酚类物质,增加酚类物质的迁移率,同时,黄酮类物质向油脂的迁移率也增加[30]
图9可知,依据正交试验结果在清除羟自由基能力最高情况下进行微波预处理,经微波预处理再进行水酶法提取的辣木籽的角鲨烯和植物甾醇的含量分别为1.72 mg/g和307.45 g/100 g,均比未经微波预处理显著增加(P<0.05),分别增加12.42%和7.79%。其原因可能是微波预处理使辣木籽中脂蛋白膜损伤和蛋白质体结构改变,导致细胞膜结构改变,从而促进胞内植物甾醇和角鲨烯的溶出[30]
目前,关于微波辅助提取辣木籽油已有相关的报道,如吴雪辉等[9]报道了微波辅助提取辣木籽油的工艺研究,结果表明:微波辅助提取辣木籽油的最佳工艺条件为微波功率密度5 W/g、微波辐射时间6 min、提取温度50 ℃、提取时间30 min,在此条件下辣木籽油得率为36.45%。其提取方法是微波预处理结合有机溶剂(石油醚)提取辣木籽油,本研究用到的方法为微波预处理结合水酶法提取辣木籽油,提取方法有明显差别,故得到的辣木籽油的活性也不同。李晓晓等[10]也对微波辅助提取辣木籽油的工艺进行优化,在最优条件下,提取率达到96.78%,其提取方法也是有机溶剂(石油醚)提取法,这与本研究的提取方法也不同。孙燕[31]研究了不同的预处理方法对辣木籽油及其稳定性的影响,结果表明,与传统的水酶法相比,微波预处理能使辣木籽油的提取率提高5.64%,这与本研究结果类似;提取的辣木籽油对DPPH自由基清除能力与对照组无显著差异,25 ℃储藏18周后DPPH清除能力反而低于对照组,这与本研究结果有明显差别,可能是处理工艺的差异,他们微波预处理的是辣木籽水溶液,而本研究微波预处理的是辣木籽粉,此外,使用的酶也有差别,本研究用的中性蛋白酶与复合蛋白酶的混合酶液(前期已做过对比优化试验),清除自由基种类的不同也是其中差别的原因之一。邓韦丝等[32]的研究结果表明,水酶法提取的辣木籽油(5 mg/mL)对羟自由基(·OH)的清除率为80.30%,与1 mg/mL Vc的清除率相当,换算成相同浓度的辣木籽油,本研究最佳条件下提取的辣木籽油清除·OH能力高于其试验结果。故本研究中的微波预处理辅助水酶法提取辣木籽油与已报道的提取方法均不同,且对辣木籽油的抗氧化活性有比较好的保护作用。
本研究结果表明,微波预处理能够显著增加水酶法提取辣木籽油中多酚、黄酮、角鲨烯和植物甾醇等活性物质的含量,但其酸价和碘值有所增加。吴雪辉等[9]报道了微波辅助提取辣木籽油的活性成分如黄酮和多酚类物质含量,其数据结果比本研究的要高,可能是因为提取方法不同造成的差异;其测定辣木籽油中植物甾醇的结果与本研究比较接近。GHARSALLAH等[33]报道的植物甾醇含量与本研究也比较接近,多酚类物质的含量要比本研究高,这与提取方法有一定关系,他们用到的提取方法为冷榨法。因此,微波预处理能显著提高水酶法制备的辣木籽油清除羟自由基的能力,提高其抗氧化活性,同时,也能显著增加水酶法提取的辣木籽油的多酚、黄酮、植物甾醇和角鲨烯等活性物质的含量,是一种较为理想的预处理方法。
  • 广东省自然科学基金项目(2022A1515010360)
  • 湛江市科技发展专项资金竞争性分配项目(2022A01056)
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2025年第46卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.022
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
  • 录用日期:2025-03-21
基金
广东省自然科学基金项目(2022A1515010360)
湛江市科技发展专项资金竞争性分配项目(2022A01056)
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    1.岭南师范学院食品科学与工程学院,广东湛江 524048
    2.广东省辣木资源开发与利用工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524048
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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