Article(id=1276616158467985952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616049617408127, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742486400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1746028800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-01, onlineDate=1782298610559, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782298610559, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782298610559, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782298610559, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276616049617408127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='8', pageStart='1785', pageEnd='2029', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1756051200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782298584608, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782298660748, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276616369089147039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616049617408127, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276616369089147040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276616049617408127, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1912, endPage=1920, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276616159675945506, articleId=1276616158467985952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Nano Silicon and Zinc Fertilizers on Rice Growth, Cadmium Uptake and Transport, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly mobile heavy metal in soil, exhibiting greater mobility than other heavy metals and readily entering the topsoil in free ionic forms, thereby facilitating uptake by crops. Application of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers can modulate Cd accumulation in rice, while novel nano-fertilizers, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, effectively mitigate Cd stress. A pot experiment was conducted with six treatments: conventional fertilizer (CF), Cd + conventional fertilizer (Cd), Cd + conventional Si fertilizer (Cd+Si), Cd + nano-Si fertilizer (Cd+nSi), Cd + conventional Zn fertilizer (Cd+Zn), and Cd + nano-Zn fertilizer (Cd+nZn). This study investigates the effects of different Si and Zn fertilizer types on rice growth, Cd uptake, and translocation under Cd stress. The results revealed: (1) Under Cd stress, rice plant height, stem diameter, biomass, and root growth decreased significantly. Silicon and zinc fertilizers effectively alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition. At the booting stage, nano-Si treatment restored plant height and stem diameter to levels comparable to the CF control. Compared with the Cd treatment, biomass increased by 38.68% (Cd+nSi) and 35.20% (Cd+nZn), while root fresh weight rose by 31.44% (Cd+nSi) and 24.84% (Cd+nZn). (2) Cd stress markedly reduced leaf chlorophyll content, suppressing chlorophyll biosynthesis. Foliar Si and Zn applications enhanced chlorophyll by 5.99%–7.68% and nitrogen content by 4.70%–8.19% at the booting stage, with nano-Si achieving the highest levels. (3) Soil pH increased notably after Si and Zn amendments, peaking under nano-Si (+10.51% vs. Cd). Bioavailable Cd declined significantly: Cd+nSi and Cd+nZn reduced it by 14.54% and 16.36%, respectively, and lowered the Cd transfer coefficient by 17.77% and 15.54%. (4) Nano-Si outperformed nano-Zn in suppressing Cd uptake and translocation. The bioconcentration factor decreased by 36.63% (Cd+nSi) and 31.08% (Cd+nZn), while the translocation factor dropped by 13.70% (Cd+nSi) and 2.72% (Cd+nZn) versus the Cd treatment. Overall, nano-fertilizers surpassed conventional fertilizers in mitigating Cd stress, with nano-Si demonstrating superior efficacy over nano-Zn in restricting Cd accumulation and transfer in rice.

, authors=null, authorsList=Guangxu ZHANG, Fengliang ZHAO, Yang LI, Yuxuan YAN, Ganghua ZOU, Beibei LIU, Dawei YIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fengliang ZHAO, Dawei YIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276616163903803947, articleId=1276616158467985952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=镉胁迫条件下纳米硅肥和锌肥对水稻生长、镉吸收及其转运的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

镉(Cd)是土壤中移动性较高的重金属之一,比其他重金属更易通过游离态进入土壤表层,更易被作物吸收。施用硅肥(Si)和锌肥(Zn)能够影响水稻对重金属镉的吸收,新型纳米肥料因其具有独特的理化性质可以有效缓解水稻镉胁迫。本研究通过盆栽试验,设置常规肥(CF)、镉+常规肥(Cd)、镉+常规硅肥(Cd+Si)、镉+纳米硅肥(Cd+nSi)、镉+常规锌肥(Cd+Zn)、镉+纳米锌肥(Cd+nZn)共6个处理,探讨镉胁迫条件下不同类型硅肥和锌肥对水稻生长、镉吸收和转运的影响。结果表明:(1)在镉胁迫下,水稻株高、茎粗、生物量和根系生长均显著下降。施用硅肥和锌肥能够有效地缓解镉胁迫对水稻植株生长的影响,纳米硅肥处理孕穗期株高和茎粗恢复到常规施肥处理水平;Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理植株生物量分别增加38.68%、35.20%,根系鲜质量分别增加31.44%、24.84%。(2)镉胁迫处理叶片叶绿素含量均显著下降,抑制了叶绿素的合成;硅肥和锌肥处理孕穗期叶片叶绿素提高5.99%~7.68%,氮含量提高4.70%~8.19%,纳米硅肥处理叶片叶绿素和氮含量均最高。(3)施用硅肥和锌肥后土壤pH明显提升,纳米硅肥处理土壤pH最高,比Cd处理增加10.51%。硅肥和锌肥处理土壤有效镉显著下降,Cd+nSi处理和Cd+nZn处理土壤有效镉含量比Cd处理分别降低14.54%和16.36%,镉转化系数降低17.77%和15.54%。(4)在抑制水稻镉吸收转运方面,纳米硅肥比纳米锌肥具有更好的抑制效果;Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理富集系数分别比Cd处理下降36.63%、31.08%,转运系数下降13.70%、2.72%。总体而言,纳米肥料对水稻镉胁迫的缓解效果好于普通肥料,而且纳米硅肥比纳米锌肥在抑制水稻镉吸收和转运方面更具有优势。

, authors=

张光旭(1999—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物营养生理与生态。

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* 赵凤亮(ZHAO Fengliang),E-mail:
殷大伟(YIN Dawei),E-mail:
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Foliar application of nanometer silicon increases heavy metal resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its mechanisms[D]. NanJing: Nanjing Agricultural University, 2007. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Foliar application of nanometer silicon increases heavy metal resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its mechanisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616183059190426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=26, issue=11, pageStart=11288, pageEnd=11299, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=41, authorNames=ALI S, RIZWAN M, NOUREEN S, ANWAR S, ALI B, NAVEED M, ABD ALLAH E F, ALQARAWI A A, AHMAD P, journalName=Environmental Science and Pollution Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALI S, RIZWAN M, NOUREEN S, ANWAR S, ALI B, NAVEED M, ABD ALLAH E F, ALQARAWI A A, AHMAD P. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of foliar sprays on the uptake and transport of cadmium by rice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616183436677791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=161, pageEnd=164, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=46, authorNames=李博, 陶功胜, 谢寅峰, 蔡贤雷, journalName=南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=李博, 陶功胜, 谢寅峰, 蔡贤雷. 叶面喷施纳米SiO2对髯毛箬竹的生理调节效应[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 36(4): 161-164., articleTitle=叶面喷施纳米SiO2对髯毛箬竹的生理调节效应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616183520563872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=161, pageEnd=164, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=47, authorNames=LI B, TAO G S, XIE Y F, CAI X L, journalName=Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI B, TAO G S, XIE Y F, CAI X L. Physiological effects under the condition of spraying nano-SiO2 onto the Indocalamus barbatus McClure leaves[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2012, 36(4): 161-164. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Physiological effects under the condition of spraying nano-SiO2 onto the Indocalamus barbatus McClure leaves, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276616183579284129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=3, issue=3, pageStart=180, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=48, authorNames=YUVAKKUMAR R, ELANGO V, RAJENDRAN V, KANNAN N S, PRABU P, journalName=International Journal of Green Nanotechnology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUVAKKUMAR R, ELANGO V, RAJENDRAN V, KANNAN N S, PRABU P. Influence of nanosilica powder on the growth of maize crop (Zea mays L.)[J]. 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Effect of silicon on different rice varieties under cadmium stress[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2020, 51(3): 364-369. 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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=L7YscCnZTXWz3M+dz+o07Q==, figureFileBig=SgFXbgpusryflOk6xuqT8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616177724035687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different treatments on rice biomass under Cd stress, figureFileSmall=CM4ZHY+mMN/Buoab0EB3lQ==, figureFileBig=prxeItXdEB+jzcBd127yBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616177845670504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, language=CN, label=图2, caption=镉胁迫条件下各处理对水稻生物量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=CM4ZHY+mMN/Buoab0EB3lQ==, figureFileBig=prxeItXdEB+jzcBd127yBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616177900196457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of different treatments on leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content under cadmium stress, figureFileSmall=r+os5qy71Dae4J5+8TdfWw==, figureFileBig=3r5feqtJxIowrQQ3CiYNNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616178193797738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, language=CN, label=图3, caption=镉胁迫条件下各处理对水稻叶片叶绿素和氮含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=r+os5qy71Dae4J5+8TdfWw==, figureFileBig=3r5feqtJxIowrQQ3CiYNNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276616178256712299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effects of different treatments on soil chemical properties and cadmium transformation coefficient

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH土壤总镉含量Total cadmium content in soil/(mg·kg-1)土壤有效镉含量Soil available cadmium/(mg·kg-1)镉转化系数Cd transformation coefficient
Cd6.56±0.06d1.02±0.05a0.55±0.01a0.54±0.02a
Cd+Si6.87±0.06bc1.08±0.04a0.50±0.01b0.46±0.02b
Cd+nSi7.25±0.06a1.06±0.08a0.47±0.01bc0.44±0.02b
Cd+Zn6.66±0.12cd1.06±0.01a0.49±0.02bc0.46±0.02b
Cd+nZn7.08±0.06ab1.01±0.03a0.46±0.01c0.46±0.02b
), ArticleFig(id=1276616178328015468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各处理对土壤化学性质和镉转化系数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH土壤总镉含量Total cadmium content in soil/(mg·kg-1)土壤有效镉含量Soil available cadmium/(mg·kg-1)镉转化系数Cd transformation coefficient
Cd6.56±0.06d1.02±0.05a0.55±0.01a0.54±0.02a
Cd+Si6.87±0.06bc1.08±0.04a0.50±0.01b0.46±0.02b
Cd+nSi7.25±0.06a1.06±0.08a0.47±0.01bc0.44±0.02b
Cd+Zn6.66±0.12cd1.06±0.01a0.49±0.02bc0.46±0.02b
Cd+nZn7.08±0.06ab1.01±0.03a0.46±0.01c0.46±0.02b
), ArticleFig(id=1276616178403512941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of different treatments on rice cadmium content and Cd transport in rice parts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment根系镉含量Cadmium content in roots/(mg·kg-1)植株镉含量Cadmium content in plants/(mg·kg-1)镉富集系数Cadmium bioaccumulation factor镉转运系数Cadmium translocation factor
Cd2.29±0.10a1.07±0.04a4.16±0.09ab0.47±0.01a
Cd+Si1.85±0.08b0.71±0.01c3.70±0.09ab0.38±0.01a
Cd+nSi1.24±0.02c0.50±0.05d2.64±0.15b0.40±0.04a
Cd+Zn2.03±0.08b0.89±0.08b4.14±0.31a0.44±0.02a
Cd+nZn1.32±0.01c0.60±0.04cd2.87±0.33b0.45±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1276616178466427502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276616158467985952, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各处理对水稻镉含量、镉富集系数和转运系数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment根系镉含量Cadmium content in roots/(mg·kg-1)植株镉含量Cadmium content in plants/(mg·kg-1)镉富集系数Cadmium bioaccumulation factor镉转运系数Cadmium translocation factor
Cd2.29±0.10a1.07±0.04a4.16±0.09ab0.47±0.01a
Cd+Si1.85±0.08b0.71±0.01c3.70±0.09ab0.38±0.01a
Cd+nSi1.24±0.02c0.50±0.05d2.64±0.15b0.40±0.04a
Cd+Zn2.03±0.08b0.89±0.08b4.14±0.31a0.44±0.02a
Cd+nZn1.32±0.01c0.60±0.04cd2.87±0.33b0.45±0.03a
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镉胁迫条件下纳米硅肥和锌肥对水稻生长、镉吸收及其转运的影响
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张光旭 1, 2 , 赵凤亮 1, 2, * , 李杨 1, 2 , 燕宇萱 1, 2 , 邹刚华 2 , 刘贝贝 2 , 殷大伟 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(8): 1912-1920
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (8) : 1912 -1920
镉胁迫条件下纳米硅肥和锌肥对水稻生长、镉吸收及其转运的影响
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张光旭1, 2, 赵凤亮1, 2, * , 李杨1, 2, 燕宇萱1, 2, 邹刚华2, 刘贝贝2, 殷大伟1, *
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 赵凤亮(ZHAO Fengliang),E-mail:
殷大伟(YIN Dawei),E-mail:
Effects of Nano Silicon and Zinc Fertilizers on Rice Growth, Cadmium Uptake and Transport
Guangxu ZHANG1, 2, Fengliang ZHAO1, 2, * , Yang LI1, 2, Yuxuan YAN1, 2, Ganghua ZOU2, Beibei LIU2, Dawei YIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
  • 2.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical Region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.014
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镉(Cd)是土壤中移动性较高的重金属之一,比其他重金属更易通过游离态进入土壤表层,更易被作物吸收。施用硅肥(Si)和锌肥(Zn)能够影响水稻对重金属镉的吸收,新型纳米肥料因其具有独特的理化性质可以有效缓解水稻镉胁迫。本研究通过盆栽试验,设置常规肥(CF)、镉+常规肥(Cd)、镉+常规硅肥(Cd+Si)、镉+纳米硅肥(Cd+nSi)、镉+常规锌肥(Cd+Zn)、镉+纳米锌肥(Cd+nZn)共6个处理,探讨镉胁迫条件下不同类型硅肥和锌肥对水稻生长、镉吸收和转运的影响。结果表明:(1)在镉胁迫下,水稻株高、茎粗、生物量和根系生长均显著下降。施用硅肥和锌肥能够有效地缓解镉胁迫对水稻植株生长的影响,纳米硅肥处理孕穗期株高和茎粗恢复到常规施肥处理水平;Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理植株生物量分别增加38.68%、35.20%,根系鲜质量分别增加31.44%、24.84%。(2)镉胁迫处理叶片叶绿素含量均显著下降,抑制了叶绿素的合成;硅肥和锌肥处理孕穗期叶片叶绿素提高5.99%~7.68%,氮含量提高4.70%~8.19%,纳米硅肥处理叶片叶绿素和氮含量均最高。(3)施用硅肥和锌肥后土壤pH明显提升,纳米硅肥处理土壤pH最高,比Cd处理增加10.51%。硅肥和锌肥处理土壤有效镉显著下降,Cd+nSi处理和Cd+nZn处理土壤有效镉含量比Cd处理分别降低14.54%和16.36%,镉转化系数降低17.77%和15.54%。(4)在抑制水稻镉吸收转运方面,纳米硅肥比纳米锌肥具有更好的抑制效果;Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理富集系数分别比Cd处理下降36.63%、31.08%,转运系数下降13.70%、2.72%。总体而言,纳米肥料对水稻镉胁迫的缓解效果好于普通肥料,而且纳米硅肥比纳米锌肥在抑制水稻镉吸收和转运方面更具有优势。

水稻  /  镉胁迫  /  硅肥  /  锌肥  /  纳米材料

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly mobile heavy metal in soil, exhibiting greater mobility than other heavy metals and readily entering the topsoil in free ionic forms, thereby facilitating uptake by crops. Application of silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers can modulate Cd accumulation in rice, while novel nano-fertilizers, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, effectively mitigate Cd stress. A pot experiment was conducted with six treatments: conventional fertilizer (CF), Cd + conventional fertilizer (Cd), Cd + conventional Si fertilizer (Cd+Si), Cd + nano-Si fertilizer (Cd+nSi), Cd + conventional Zn fertilizer (Cd+Zn), and Cd + nano-Zn fertilizer (Cd+nZn). This study investigates the effects of different Si and Zn fertilizer types on rice growth, Cd uptake, and translocation under Cd stress. The results revealed: (1) Under Cd stress, rice plant height, stem diameter, biomass, and root growth decreased significantly. Silicon and zinc fertilizers effectively alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition. At the booting stage, nano-Si treatment restored plant height and stem diameter to levels comparable to the CF control. Compared with the Cd treatment, biomass increased by 38.68% (Cd+nSi) and 35.20% (Cd+nZn), while root fresh weight rose by 31.44% (Cd+nSi) and 24.84% (Cd+nZn). (2) Cd stress markedly reduced leaf chlorophyll content, suppressing chlorophyll biosynthesis. Foliar Si and Zn applications enhanced chlorophyll by 5.99%–7.68% and nitrogen content by 4.70%–8.19% at the booting stage, with nano-Si achieving the highest levels. (3) Soil pH increased notably after Si and Zn amendments, peaking under nano-Si (+10.51% vs. Cd). Bioavailable Cd declined significantly: Cd+nSi and Cd+nZn reduced it by 14.54% and 16.36%, respectively, and lowered the Cd transfer coefficient by 17.77% and 15.54%. (4) Nano-Si outperformed nano-Zn in suppressing Cd uptake and translocation. The bioconcentration factor decreased by 36.63% (Cd+nSi) and 31.08% (Cd+nZn), while the translocation factor dropped by 13.70% (Cd+nSi) and 2.72% (Cd+nZn) versus the Cd treatment. Overall, nano-fertilizers surpassed conventional fertilizers in mitigating Cd stress, with nano-Si demonstrating superior efficacy over nano-Zn in restricting Cd accumulation and transfer in rice.

rice  /  cadmium stress  /  silicon fertilizer  /  zinc fertilizer  /  nanomaterials
张光旭, 赵凤亮, 李杨, 燕宇萱, 邹刚华, 刘贝贝, 殷大伟. 镉胁迫条件下纳米硅肥和锌肥对水稻生长、镉吸收及其转运的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1912 -1920 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.014
Guangxu ZHANG, Fengliang ZHAO, Yang LI, Yuxuan YAN, Ganghua ZOU, Beibei LIU, Dawei YIN. Effects of Nano Silicon and Zinc Fertilizers on Rice Growth, Cadmium Uptake and Transport[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (8) : 1912 -1920 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.014
水稻被誉为“谷物之母”,其种植历史可以追溯至公元前5000年。2024年,我国人均粮食占比达500 kg。作为一种重要的粮食作物,水稻的产量和质量对我国粮食安全、经济增长和人民幸福指数的提升具有举足轻重的作用,优化水稻的施肥模式、减肥增效已经成为国家、社会和学者关注的重点[1]。然而,由于人类活动和气候变化的影响,水稻种植区域的土壤受到破坏,重金属镉(Cd)污染就是其中之一。
镉是土壤中移动性较高的重金属之一,重金属镉比其他重金属更易通过游离态进入土壤表层[2],因此镉更易被植物特别是水稻吸收和转移,最后由食物链在人体富集[3],从而引起骨质疏松、骨质软化和肾结石等疾病,严重影响人类健康[4]。镉也会与其他营养元素争夺离子通道,抑制营养元素的吸收,影响水稻的光合作用[5]。目前,修复土壤镉污染分为物理修复、化学修复和生物修复[6],而新兴的纳米技术在修复土壤镉污染方面有着巨大的潜力[7]
纳米材料是由基本的、细微的、尺寸在1~100 nm的材料组成的颗粒或团状材料[8]。基于其尺寸小的特点,被广泛应用于废水处理、土壤修复和大气污染控制等领域[9]。例如,纳米铁颗粒被用于废水中重金属离子的吸附和还原,通过与重金属形成稳定的化合物,减少其毒性和迁移性[10]。其次,纳米材料还可以通过改善土壤环境和提高水稻的抗重金属能力来抑制重金属在水稻中的积累,还可以调节土壤的pH和离子平衡,改善土壤的结构和通透性,提高土壤的保水性和肥力,从而促进水稻的生长和根系发育。同时,纳米材料还可以诱导水稻产生一系列抗氧化酶和螯合剂,增强水稻对重金属的抗性,减少重金属的吸收和转运。
水稻是喜硅(Si)作物,硅是水稻生长发育过程中必不可少的营养元素之一,不仅能有效提升植物生物量,还能缓解重金属镉的毒害作用,增加抵御逆境的耐受力[11-12]。已有研究表明,硅可以改变相关基因表达,影响重金属镉相关的膜转运蛋白,从而降低水稻对镉的吸收,提升抗逆性[13]。彭鸥等[14]发现施硅可以有效控制水稻吸收镉,施硅、镉胁迫对水稻的农艺性状、镉的吸收与转运之间存在交互作用。而锌(Zn)对于水稻是一种微量营养元素,可以减少镉等非必须元素的积累。纳米氧化锌(nZnO)对于镉污染水体和土壤均具有一定的修复作用,同样对降低植物镉胁迫的危害表现出积极作用。HUSSAIN等[15]研究发现纳米氧化锌在镉胁迫下通过增加小麦的干质量,促进其生长,以减轻小麦的氧化应激,从而减轻镉诱导的小麦叶片产生氧化损伤。方清[16]通过土壤盆栽试验发现,纳米氧化锌在水稻幼苗期的作用比成熟期大,添加10~100 mg/kg纳米氧化锌可增加幼苗期水稻生物量及叶绿素含量,降低水稻中的镉含量。
前人研究多为单种硅肥或锌肥对作物镉吸收转运方面的研究,对普通类型肥料与纳米肥料的对比研究鲜有报道。本研究以4种不同类型肥料为研究对象,分析不同类型硅肥和锌肥对水稻镉胁迫的缓解作用以及对镉转运的影响,为水稻安全生产和土壤修复提供技术支撑。
供试材料纳米氧化锌与纳米氧化硅(nSiO2)购于宣城晶瑞新材料有限公司。纳米氧化锌纯度为99.9%,粒径为30 nm,pH 9.18,比表面积为45 m2/g;纳米氧化硅纯度为99.8%,粒径为30 nm,pH 7.76,比表面积为150 m2/g。常规硅肥为九水硅酸钠,常规锌肥为氯化锌。供试水稻品种为野香优莉丝。供试土壤采自海南省东方市八所镇(19°02′N,108°40′E),土壤pH 6.53,有机质含量为1.43 g/kg,全氮含量为5.25 g/kg,全磷含量为1.36 g/kg,全钾含量为4.30 g/kg。
盆栽试验于2023年9—11月在中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所温室内进行。每个盆装有土壤7.0 kg,设置以下6个处理:常规肥(CF)、镉+常规肥(Cd)、镉+常规硅肥(Cd+Si)、镉+纳米硅肥(Cd+nSi)、镉+常规锌肥(Cd+Zn)、镉+纳米锌肥(Cd+nZn)处理,每个处理重复5次。所有镉处理浓度为1.8 mg/kg,以氯化镉形式施入,与土壤混合均匀后老化15 d。水稻秧苗生长至两叶一心后,移栽至盆栽盆。各处理N、P2O5、K2O施用量一致,折合单位面积用量分别为225、105、150 kg/hm2。N、P2O5、K2O分别由尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾提供。常规硅肥、锌肥分别由硅酸钠、氯化锌提供,纳米硅肥、纳米锌肥分别为纳米二氧化硅、纳米氧化锌,施用量为120 kg/hm2。氮肥比例按移栽前∶分蘖期∶拔节期为5∶3∶2分3次施入,钾肥比例按移栽前∶拔节期为6∶4分2次施用,磷肥、硅肥、锌肥均是在移栽前作为基肥一次性施入。
在水稻分蘖期(P1)、拔节期(P2)和孕穗期(P3)分别测量株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽。在拔节期用便携式叶绿素仪测定叶绿素(SPAD值)和氮含量并采集水稻植株,用纯净水洗涤整个水稻植株,之后将水稻植株分为地上部分和根系部分,根系部分继续用EDTA溶液洗掉根表附着的金属离子,称取地上植株和根系鲜质量,75 ℃烘干后,称量干质量。
水稻样品经体积比HNO3∶HClO4为4∶1的混合酸进行湿法消解,土壤样品风干研磨后过0.15 mm筛,经体积比HNO3∶HClO4∶HF为5∶1∶1的混合酸消解。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定水稻植株和土壤总镉含量。土壤有效镉采用DTPA-CaCl2浸提和ICP-MS进行测定;土壤pH按照土水比1∶2.5提取,用玻璃电极法测定。
土壤镉转化系数、水稻镉富集系数和转运系数分别按以下公式计算:镉转化系数=土壤有效镉含量/土壤总镉含量;镉富集系数=水稻根Cd含量/土壤有效镉含量;镉转运系数=水稻植株Cd含量/水稻根Cd含量;以上镉含量单位均为mg/kg。
采用Microsoft Excel 2016软件整理数据,并用Origin 2022、SPSS 26软件进行统计分析和作图。
图1可知,在P1时期,Cd处理的水稻株高显著低于CF处理,说明在水稻分蘖期已经展现出镉胁迫症状;而Cd+nZn处理的株高显著高于Cd处理,其他处理与Cd处理差异并不显著,说明纳米锌在分蘖期能够缓解对水稻株高的胁迫。在P2时期,Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理水稻株高分别比Cd处理增加9.57%、7.10%,差异显著(P<0.05)。在P3时期,施用硅肥和锌肥的处理水稻株高均显著高于Cd处理,表明锌肥和硅肥均可以有效缓解镉胁迫,而且纳米硅肥的效果最佳。在P1时期,Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理的水稻茎粗显著高于Cd处理(P<0.05)。在P2时期,Cd处理的茎粗显著低于其他处理,而其他处理之间差异不显著。在P3时期,Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理的茎粗显著高于Cd+Si、Cd+Zn处理,分别提高23.42%、29.11%,说明纳米肥料比常规肥料更能缓解镉胁迫对茎生长的抑制作用。
镉胁迫对水稻叶长和叶宽的影响较小,孕穗期各处理的叶长和叶宽之间差异不显著。
图2可知,与CF处理相比,除Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理外,其他添加镉处理的水稻鲜质量均显著降低(P<0.05);Cd+Si、Cd+nSi、Cd+Zn、Cd+nZn处理的植株鲜质量分别比Cd处理增加17.41%、38.68%、7.85%、35.20%,说明镉胁迫严重影响水稻生物量积累,而纳米硅肥和锌肥能够有效缓解镉胁迫对生物量积累带来的负面影响。施用硅肥和锌肥也不同程度地缓解了镉对根系生长的影响;Cd+Si、Cd+nSi、Cd+Zn、Cd+nZn处理的水稻根系鲜质量分别比Cd处理增加12.91%、31.44%、17.31%、24.84%。各处理水稻干物质量变化与鲜质量相似,Cd+Si、Cd+nSi、Cd+Zn、Cd+nZn处理植株干质量分别比Cd处理增加15.05%、43.41%、14.67%、36.71%,根部干质量分别比Cd处理增加22.73%、36.04%、27.27%、33.29%。从结果分析来看,施用硅肥和锌肥能够有效地缓解镉胁迫对水稻生物量积累的影响,而且纳米肥的缓解效果更为明显。
图3可知,在P1时期,CF处理的叶片中叶绿素含量SPAD值显著高于其他处理,说明镉胁迫在水稻前期抑制了叶绿素的形成,并且其他处理之间差异不显著,表明即使加入改良剂也无法缓解镉对叶绿素带来的危害。在P2时期,Cd+nSi、Cd+Zn、Cd+nZn处理的叶片中叶绿素SPAD值分别比Cd处理高5.92%、4.85%、5.35%,而Cd+Si处理与Cd处理差异不显著。在P3时期,硅肥和锌肥的4个处理的叶片中叶绿素SPAD值均显著高于Cd处理,Cd+Si、Cd+nSi、Cd+Zn、Cd+nZn处理的叶片中叶绿素SPAD值分别比Cd处理增加5.99%、7.68%、6.96%、7.60%。纳米肥料的效果要好于常规肥料,纳米硅肥的效果最好,说明纳米硅肥可以有效促进叶绿素的生成,刘俊渤等[17]研究发现,水稻叶片喷施纳米硅肥后,叶片中叶绿素含量增多,胞间CO2浓度和净光合速率均显著增加,水稻叶片光合作用显著增强。
在氮含量方面,P1时期各处理之间差异不显著。在P2时期,Cd+Si、Cd+nSi、Cd+Zn、Cd+nZn处理比Cd处理氮含量增加7.47%、8.48%、4.75%、7.68%,P3时期分别增加8.19%、9.55%、4.70%、7.19%。整体来看,在提高叶片氮含量方面,施用纳米硅肥的效果最好,其次是普通硅肥。
表1所示,施用改良剂后,土壤pH均有所提升;除Cd+Zn处理外,其他处理的土壤pH显著高于Cd处理(P<0.05);Cd+nSi处理的土壤pH最高,比Cd处理增加10.51%。尽管各处理的土壤总镉含量差异不显著,但施用硅肥和锌肥处理后土壤有效镉显著下降;Cd+Si、Cd+nSi、Cd+Zn、Cd+nZn处理的土壤有效镉含量分别比Cd处理分别降低9.09%、14.54%、10.91%、16.36%,镉转化系数显著低于Cd处理。
表2所示,Cd处理的根系镉含量最高,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);施用硅肥和锌肥改良剂后根系镉含量均显著降低;Cd+Si、Cd+Zn处理的根系镉含量分别比Cd处理降低19.21%、11.35%,Cd+nSi、Cd+nZn处理分别降低45.85%、42.36%。与根系镉含量类似,各处理的地上植株镉含量以Cd处理最高,施用硅肥和锌肥后植株镉含量显著降低;而且纳米肥料处理植株镉含量下降较为显著,Cd+nSi、Cd+nZn处理比Cd处理镉含量分别降低53.27%、43.93%。进一步分析发现,在抑制水稻镉吸收转运方面,纳米硅肥比纳米锌肥具有更好的抑制效果;Cd+nSi、Cd+nZn处理的富集系数分别比Cd处理降低36.63%、31.08%,转运系数降低13.70%、2.72%。
pH是土壤理化性质的重要指标之一,对镉元素的形态、迁移性和生物有效性有显著影响。土壤pH较低时,镉更容易以离子形式存在,并且土壤对镉的吸附减弱,使更多的镉存在土壤中,易于被作物吸收。在加入纳米材料后,土壤的pH呈中性,吴迎奔等[18]研究发现,施加纳米硅后,土壤pH升高,降低了镉在土壤中的有效性,从而降低了镉在水稻中的积累。土壤转化系数表示土壤中镉从稳定态转化为有效态的能力。土壤转化系数越大,说明土壤中镉的活性越强,水稻就会富集更多的镉。通过施加土壤改良剂,降低土壤有效镉转化系数,以减少土壤中可以被水稻吸收的镉是一种降镉的有效途径。叶兴银等[19]研究指出添加纳米氧化锌能够显著降低土壤中的酸可提取态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态镉的含量,从而显著降低土壤有效镉含量。本研究结果表明,施用纳米硅肥和纳米锌肥后土壤pH分别升高9.52%、7.34%,土壤镉转化系数分别降低17.18%、15.54%,有效地抑制了土壤总镉向有效镉的转化。
纳米肥料比普通肥料更能缓解水稻的镉胁迫,这可能是由于纳米材料独特的结构和表面性质决定,在土壤修复领域和促进植物生长方面具有巨大的应用潜力[20]。纳米材料在作物体内的短距离运输方式主要通过质外体和共质体2种途径[21],而长距离运输主要包括木质部运输和韧皮部运输[22]。直径小的纳米材料可以通过主动运输进入水稻植株体内,从而达到促进水稻吸收营养物质的能力;而较大的纳米材料不易进入水稻体内,甚至还会发生毒害作用。纳米氧化硅因其具有独特的尺寸和表面界面效应,具备许多大尺寸材料所不具备的优良理化性质,能够参与植物自身组织或细胞器的构建,调节生理代谢活动,从而影响植物的生长发育,提高植物抗逆性[23]。本研究施用纳米肥料后水稻在农艺性状和生物量上均有显著提升,特别是茎粗和生物量,这与宋平原等[24]的研究结果一致。另外,刘新浩[25]的研究发现,纳米氧化硅能够显著提高镉胁迫下小麦种子的萌发,添加纳米氧化硅后小麦的发芽率、根长以及生物量均显著提升。王世华[26]的研究表明,水稻幼苗在镉胁迫下,纳米氧化硅可以显著缓解镉的毒害效应,水稻的生物量、光合速率、营养元素的积累均有显著提升。此外纳米氧化硅还可以诱导水稻中γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-ECS)基因的表达,该基因能够调控水稻内谷胱甘肽(GSH)的合成和分泌,提高水稻对镉的抗性。在同等类型的硅肥和锌肥之间,硅肥的效果比锌肥更加突出,这可能是因为水稻是喜硅植物,硅元素更能激发水稻的抗逆性。
叶绿素对重金属毒害比较敏感,重金属镉会严重影响叶绿素的生成。本研究表明Cd处理下的叶绿素含量显著下降,而施加改良剂特别是纳米硅后有显著提升;王世华[26]研究发现施加硅后增加了水稻幼苗叶片中叶绿素的含量,并且提高叶绿素a/b的比值。ALI[27]等研究证明纳米氧化锌能够降低植物中的镉浓度和土壤有效镉浓度,从而减轻镉胁迫带来的负面作用。本研究发现,施用硅肥和锌肥均能够缓解镉胁迫的危害,特别是纳米硅和纳米锌处理水稻植株鲜质量分别增加38.68%、35.20%,也进一步从提高叶片叶绿素和氮含量、增加株高和茎粗方面加以佐证。
施用硅肥可以有效抑制土壤镉向作物地上部的转运。刘永贤等[28]的研究发现,喷施硅肥可以显著提高水稻产量,降低稻米中的重金属镉含量。唐乐斌等[29]在大田喷施流体硅后水稻增产,镉含量下降。李博等[30]的研究发现,叶面喷施nSiO2能有效提高髯毛箬竹叶片中营养元素的积累,提高植株的抗逆性。适宜浓度的nSiO2能够显著增加玉米幼苗叶片数量、叶面积和植株生物量[31]。王耀晶等[32]的研究显示,施硅则不同程度地缓解了镉对水稻的胁迫,镉转运系数和富集系数也随施硅量的增加而减小。本研究同样发现,施用硅肥和纳米硅处理水稻转运系数分别降低17.86%、13.70%。而且在抑制水稻镉吸收转运方面,纳米硅比纳米锌具有更好的抑制效果;Cd+nSi和Cd+nZn处理富集系数分别比Cd处理下降36.63%、31.08%。总体而言,纳米肥料对水稻镉胁迫的缓解效果好于普通肥料,而且纳米硅肥比纳米锌肥在抑制水稻镉吸收和转运方面更具优势,在缓解作物镉胁迫和土壤重金属污染修复领域具有广阔的应用前景。
  • 海南省科技项目(ZDYF2022XDNY211)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC625)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.08.014
  • 接收时间:2025-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21
  • 录用日期:2025-05-01
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海南省科技项目(ZDYF2022XDNY211)
海南省自然科学基金项目(321RC625)
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    1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
    2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热区高效农业绿色低碳重点实验室,海南海口 571101

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* 赵凤亮(ZHAO Fengliang),E-mail:
殷大伟(YIN Dawei),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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