Article(id=1276601527951291382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722268800000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-30, revisedDate=1724428800000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782295122370, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782295122370, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782295122370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782295122370, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276601397818814642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='245', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782295091347, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782295207335, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=189, endPage=201, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276601528240698360, articleId=1276601527951291382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Crop Rotation Effects on Pathogen Dynamics and Rhizosphere Microbial Assemblages of Vanilla, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Vanilla, a vital spice crop, faces significant challenges from soil-borne diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum, affecting its sustainable cultivation. This study utilized quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing to assess the impact of rotating black pepper, pandan, and sweet rice tea on pathogen levels and the rhizosphere soil microbial communities of vanilla plants cultivated in a pot environment. Incorporating pandan and sweet rice tea into the crop rotation significantly reduced the prevalence of F. oxysporum and enhanced both the abundance and diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacteria. Three distinct microbial community structures associated with fallow, monoculture, and crop rotation conditions were identified. Notably, the rotations involving pandan and sweet rice tea showed no significant differences in the bacterial and fungal community compositions. Crop rotation notably increased the relative abundance of key phyla such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria and Ascomycota. Moreover, the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial genus Nocardioides increased at the genus level, with a relative abundance of 64.26% after pepper rotation, 98.54% after pandan rotation, and 63.07% after sweet rice tea rotation. The core microbiome, featuring species such as Terriglobus, Kribbella, Myxococcus, Acremonium and Sarocladium, showed a particularly strong response to the presence of pandan, suggesting a closer network interaction among fungal species post-rotation. Additionally, crop rotation was found to significantly raise the soil pH, which, along with the altered bacterial and fungal community structures, emerged as critical factors in disease suppression. Collectively, our results suggest that integrating the economically valuable spice crop pandan into the rotation schedule in vanilla monoculture systems can significantly reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases, offering a sustainable cultivation strategy for vanilla.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yizhang XING, Shan HONG, Jinming YANG, Qingyun ZHAO, Fan SU, Huifa ZHUANG, Hui WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shan HONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276601529775812613, articleId=1276601527951291382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=轮作对香草兰病原菌及根际土壤微生物群落的影响, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

香草兰是重要的天然香料经济作物,由尖孢镰刀菌引起的土传病害严重限制了其可持续发展,而作物轮作是防控土传病害的有效途径。本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR结合高通量测序方法,在温室盆栽条件下,研究轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶对香草兰病原菌及根际土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:与撂荒和连作香草兰处理相比,轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶显著降低了土壤中尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的数量,并显著提高了根际土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性。撂荒、连作和轮作显著诱导形成3种不同的群落结构,但轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶结构相似。轮作后门水平上显著增加了优势细菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)及Rokubacteria门,以及优势真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度,且属水平上增加了优势细菌类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)的相对丰度,即轮作胡椒后该属的相对丰度为64.26%,轮作斑兰叶后相对丰度达到98.54%,轮作糯米香茶后则为63.07%。随机森林结果表明,轮作斑兰叶能特异激发Terriglobus属、克雷伯杆菌属(Kribbella)、粘球菌属(Myxococcus)细菌核心类群,以及枝顶孢霉属(Acremonium)、帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)真菌核心类群,且轮作斑兰叶后真菌群落物种间网络互作更紧密。轮作后显著提高土壤pH,而土壤pH、细菌和真菌群落结构是显著抑制病原菌的最重要指示因子。综合表明,在长期连作的香草兰土壤中轮作短期且经济价值高的香料作物斑兰叶,对缓解香草兰土传病害的发生效果较好。

, authors=

邢诒彰(1992—),男,学士,助理研究员,研究方向:香草兰高效生产。

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* 洪珊(HONG Shan),E-mail:
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邢诒彰(1992—),男,学士,助理研究员,研究方向:香草兰高效生产。

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邢诒彰(1992—),男,学士,助理研究员,研究方向:香草兰高效生产。

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Environmental Science & Technology, 2024, 58: 4334-4345., articleTitle=Network complexity and stability of microbes enhanced by microplastic diversity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276602017724362955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=137, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=41, authorNames=TAO C Y, LI R, XIONG W, SHEN Z Z, LIU S S, WANG B B, RUAN Y Z, GEISEN S F, SHEN Q R, KOWALCHUK G A, journalName=Microbiome, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAO C Y, LI R, XIONG W, SHEN Z Z, LIU S S, WANG B B, RUAN Y Z, GEISEN S F, SHEN Q R, KOWALCHUK G A. Bio-organic fertilizers stimulate indigenous soil Pseudomonas populations to enhance plant disease suppression[J]. 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country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Spice and Beverage of Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601985784737868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601985767960650, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276601985847652429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601985860235342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601985847652429, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601985868623951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601985847652429, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所/植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京 100101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276601985948315729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601985960898642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601985948315729, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601985969287251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601985948315729, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.海南省种业实验室,海南三亚 572025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276601986262888533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601986271277142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601986262888533, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601986279665751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601986262888533, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.海南省农业科学院三亚研究院/海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南三亚 572025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276601986363551833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601986380329050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601986363551833, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601986669736027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, companyId=1276601986363551833, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276602005166616716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Relative abundance (A) and absolute abundance (B) of Fusarium under different crop rotation treatments

Different lowercase letters indicates significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=rnHWqG26l0JWu+dL3NPO+g==, figureFileBig=ExCoNrD0Toc72E8f73zf1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602005225336973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同轮作处理香草兰镰刀菌的相对丰度(A)和绝对丰度(B)

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=rnHWqG26l0JWu+dL3NPO+g==, figureFileBig=ExCoNrD0Toc72E8f73zf1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602005573464206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=PCoA (A, C) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) (B, D) of soil microbial communities by treatment, figureFileSmall=aQ5M450rRjbjAejZeV6QuA==, figureFileBig=OszDcxmA2H+sLeM33yIvAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602005648961679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理间土壤微生物群落的主坐标分析(A、C)及层次聚类分析(B、D), figureFileSmall=aQ5M450rRjbjAejZeV6QuA==, figureFileBig=OszDcxmA2H+sLeM33yIvAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602005707681936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylum level of bacterial (A) and fungi (B) in soil microbial community differences

Different lowercase letters indicates significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=AMV7mQxKKpK8y1vgihwsnQ==, figureFileBig=HeUO1K1REUiAg9QsoWiizw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602005976117393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土壤微生物细菌(A)和真菌(B)门水平差异

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=AMV7mQxKKpK8y1vgihwsnQ==, figureFileBig=HeUO1K1REUiAg9QsoWiizw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602006039031954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Linear regression analysis of rhizosphere soil microbial community and F. oxysporum in vanilla

A-C: Linear regression analysis of bacterial community diversity and pathogenic bacteria; D-K: Linear regression analysis of bacterial phylum level and pathogenic bacteria; L: Linear regression analysis of fungal phylum level and pathogenic bacteria; M-O: Linear regression analysis of fungal community diversity and pathogenic bacteria.

, figureFileSmall=kHw2lGBlJJBN0ylYl2GmWw==, figureFileBig=fmICyqFQBbT2qgxGLd1WsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602006097752211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=图4, caption=根际土壤微生物群落与香草兰尖孢镰刀菌的线性回归分析

A~C:细菌群落多样性与病原菌的线性回归分析;D~K:细菌门水平与病原菌的线性回归分析;L:真菌门水平与病原菌的线性回归分析;M~O:真菌群落多样性与病原菌的线性回归分析。

, figureFileSmall=kHw2lGBlJJBN0ylYl2GmWw==, figureFileBig=fmICyqFQBbT2qgxGLd1WsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602006173249684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Random forest analysis of differential core microorganisms (A, C) and correlation analysis between species and pathogens of different treatments (B, D)

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments (P<0.05). * indicates significant correlation (P<0.05);** indicates extemely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=pSFEyOYmjV5Xq2wfn3kzfQ==, figureFileBig=iQ+9ZFDV22VUZWgmiY8qTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602006240358549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同处理差异核心微生物随机森林分析(A、C)及物种与病原菌的相关性分析(B、D)

不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。*表示显著相关(P<0.05);**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=pSFEyOYmjV5Xq2wfn3kzfQ==, figureFileBig=iQ+9ZFDV22VUZWgmiY8qTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602006315856022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Rhizosphere soil microbial networks of different treatments, figureFileSmall=uziriwAapumUGP7sqd5+Mw==, figureFileBig=cpu4y8/u9VTxN5RpypYONA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602006374576279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同处理根际土壤微生物网络, figureFileSmall=uziriwAapumUGP7sqd5+Mw==, figureFileBig=cpu4y8/u9VTxN5RpypYONA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276602006437490840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Alpha diversity of soil microorganisms under different crop rotation treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微生物类群Microbial community处理Treatment群落丰富度Community richness群落多样性Community diversity
Chao1AceShannonInvsimpson
细菌CK3099.21±488.59a3014.71±473.23a7.08±0.19a592.63±131.51a
X2544.13±130.15c2492.48±117.67c6.83±0.06b430.78±61.31b
H2799.88±123.79b2740.92±121.74b6.93±0.07b501.42±50.81b
B3241.95±152.35a3179.33±148.43a7.13±0.08a632.51±71.61a
C3120.41±113.88a3030.76±118.52a7.10±0.08a658.01±69.21a
真菌CK766.97±175.82ab768.49±176.27ab4.31±0.56a22.30±11.20ab
X830.41±77.57a832.50±77.84a4.40±0.25a22.61±8.80ab
H693.37±83.53bc694.66±83.64bc4.11±0.22ab17.30±2.59ab
B585.75±93.10c586.96±93.15c3.81±0.27b15.60±4.55b
C682.46±84.78bc683.90±85.36bc4.24±0.25a24.37±7.39a
), ArticleFig(id=1276602008094240921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同轮作处理的土壤微生物Alpha多样性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微生物类群Microbial community处理Treatment群落丰富度Community richness群落多样性Community diversity
Chao1AceShannonInvsimpson
细菌CK3099.21±488.59a3014.71±473.23a7.08±0.19a592.63±131.51a
X2544.13±130.15c2492.48±117.67c6.83±0.06b430.78±61.31b
H2799.88±123.79b2740.92±121.74b6.93±0.07b501.42±50.81b
B3241.95±152.35a3179.33±148.43a7.13±0.08a632.51±71.61a
C3120.41±113.88a3030.76±118.52a7.10±0.08a658.01±69.21a
真菌CK766.97±175.82ab768.49±176.27ab4.31±0.56a22.30±11.20ab
X830.41±77.57a832.50±77.84a4.40±0.25a22.61±8.80ab
H693.37±83.53bc694.66±83.64bc4.11±0.22ab17.30±2.59ab
B585.75±93.10c586.96±93.15c3.81±0.27b15.60±4.55b
C682.46±84.78bc683.90±85.36bc4.24±0.25a24.37±7.39a
), ArticleFig(id=1276602008194904218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Network properties within rhizosphere microbial communities across various spice crops

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网络属性Network properties细菌Bacteria真菌Fungi
CKXHBCCKXHBC
节点数500500500500500500500500500500
边数12162365538427243411892404
正相关连接数/%64.4656.4561.1154.5550.0098.5990.1297.3298.7796.53
负相关连接数/%35.5443.5538.8945.4550.001.419.892.681.233.47
平均度1.661.151.131.121.122.982.554.225.743.71
平均路径长度2.441.301.261.111.193.161.131.021.341.02
网络直径8.583.832.881.932.9010.383.842.824.721.95
平均聚类系数0.550.190.100.500.300.910.950.990.990.99
), ArticleFig(id=1276602008287178907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同作物根际土壤微生物群落网络属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
网络属性Network properties细菌Bacteria真菌Fungi
CKXHBCCKXHBC
节点数500500500500500500500500500500
边数12162365538427243411892404
正相关连接数/%64.4656.4561.1154.5550.0098.5990.1297.3298.7796.53
负相关连接数/%35.5443.5538.8945.4550.001.419.892.681.233.47
平均度1.661.151.131.121.122.982.554.225.743.71
平均路径长度2.441.301.261.111.193.161.131.021.341.02
网络直径8.583.832.881.932.9010.383.842.824.721.95
平均聚类系数0.550.190.100.500.300.910.950.990.990.99
), ArticleFig(id=1276602008387842204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Soil chemical properties of different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH有机质Organic matter/(g·kg–1)碱解氮Alkeline-N/(mg·kg–1)速效磷Available P/(mg·kg–1)速效钾Available K/(mg·kg–1)
CK5.62±0.06b32.13±4.22c125.40±4.61d25.30±2.32d339.50±29.71c
X5.62±0.15b24.67±1.34d100.33±2.14e17.46±4.17e153.46±2.32d
H6.31±0.22a32.90±1.97bc218.33±7.64c37.12±2.72c441.18±41.99b
B6.68±0.19a38.38±3.95a418.40±20.75b43.33±0.86b570.21±17.51a
C7.00±0.13a37.78±1.53ab494.33±8.02a56.20±1.42a592.92±31.47a
F46.3911.03807.39105.03123.90
P0.000.000.000.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276602008450756765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH有机质Organic matter/(g·kg–1)碱解氮Alkeline-N/(mg·kg–1)速效磷Available P/(mg·kg–1)速效钾Available K/(mg·kg–1)
CK5.62±0.06b32.13±4.22c125.40±4.61d25.30±2.32d339.50±29.71c
X5.62±0.15b24.67±1.34d100.33±2.14e17.46±4.17e153.46±2.32d
H6.31±0.22a32.90±1.97bc218.33±7.64c37.12±2.72c441.18±41.99b
B6.68±0.19a38.38±3.95a418.40±20.75b43.33±0.86b570.21±17.51a
C7.00±0.13a37.78±1.53ab494.33±8.02a56.20±1.42a592.92±31.47a
F46.3911.03807.39105.03123.90
P0.000.000.000.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276602008517865630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Linear relationship between soil physicochemical factors, microbial factors and abundance of F. oxysporum in vanilla

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexDfFPr (>F)tRI/%指标IndexDfFPr (>F)tRI/%
pH155.180.001–2.12626.72细菌群落150.810.001–1.22917.01
有机质14.220.0701.0748.27真菌群落16.730.013–0.2718.05
碱解氮11.510.250–1.34622.96细菌丰富度10.150.7010.6534.79
速效磷10.140.715–0.22316.90细菌多样性11.330.256–0.5795.27
速效钾10.970.3500.98712.47真菌丰富度12.210.145–0.3742.87
残差9Acidobacteria11.870.1791.6605.48
模型概要:R2=0.819, AIC=–62.72, P<0.001Chloroflexi10.090.7670.14110.99
模型总变量解释度:87.33%Ascomycota16.500.015–2.29411.22
ASV599810.220.638–0.3551.03
ASV729210.010.9410.0620.53
残差33
模型概要:R2=0.5767, AIC=–144.3, P<0.001
模型总变量解释度:67.29%
), ArticleFig(id=1276602008580780191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601527951291382, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

土壤理化因子、微生物因子与香草兰尖孢镰刀菌丰度的线性关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexDfFPr (>F)tRI/%指标IndexDfFPr (>F)tRI/%
pH155.180.001–2.12626.72细菌群落150.810.001–1.22917.01
有机质14.220.0701.0748.27真菌群落16.730.013–0.2718.05
碱解氮11.510.250–1.34622.96细菌丰富度10.150.7010.6534.79
速效磷10.140.715–0.22316.90细菌多样性11.330.256–0.5795.27
速效钾10.970.3500.98712.47真菌丰富度12.210.145–0.3742.87
残差9Acidobacteria11.870.1791.6605.48
模型概要:R2=0.819, AIC=–62.72, P<0.001Chloroflexi10.090.7670.14110.99
模型总变量解释度:87.33%Ascomycota16.500.015–2.29411.22
ASV599810.220.638–0.3551.03
ASV729210.010.9410.0620.53
残差33
模型概要:R2=0.5767, AIC=–144.3, P<0.001
模型总变量解释度:67.29%
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轮作对香草兰病原菌及根际土壤微生物群落的影响
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邢诒彰 1 , 洪珊 2, 3, 4, * , 杨劲明 5 , 赵青云 1 , 苏凡 1 , 庄辉发 1 , 王辉 1
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(1): 189-201
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (1) : 189 -201
轮作对香草兰病原菌及根际土壤微生物群落的影响
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邢诒彰1, 洪珊2, 3, 4, * , 杨劲明5, 赵青云1, 苏凡1, 庄辉发1, 王辉1
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
  • 2.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所/植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京 100101
  • 3.海南省种业实验室,海南三亚 572025
  • 4.海南省农业科学院三亚研究院/海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南三亚 572025
  • 5.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 洪珊(HONG Shan),E-mail:
Crop Rotation Effects on Pathogen Dynamics and Rhizosphere Microbial Assemblages of Vanilla
Yizhang XING1, Shan HONG2, 3, 4, * , Jinming YANG5, Qingyun ZHAO1, Fan SU1, Huifa ZHUANG1, Hui WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Spice and Beverage of Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 2.Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
  • 3.Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
  • 4.Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
  • 5.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.020
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香草兰是重要的天然香料经济作物,由尖孢镰刀菌引起的土传病害严重限制了其可持续发展,而作物轮作是防控土传病害的有效途径。本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR结合高通量测序方法,在温室盆栽条件下,研究轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶对香草兰病原菌及根际土壤微生物群落的影响。结果表明:与撂荒和连作香草兰处理相比,轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶显著降低了土壤中尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的数量,并显著提高了根际土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性。撂荒、连作和轮作显著诱导形成3种不同的群落结构,但轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶结构相似。轮作后门水平上显著增加了优势细菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)及Rokubacteria门,以及优势真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度,且属水平上增加了优势细菌类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)的相对丰度,即轮作胡椒后该属的相对丰度为64.26%,轮作斑兰叶后相对丰度达到98.54%,轮作糯米香茶后则为63.07%。随机森林结果表明,轮作斑兰叶能特异激发Terriglobus属、克雷伯杆菌属(Kribbella)、粘球菌属(Myxococcus)细菌核心类群,以及枝顶孢霉属(Acremonium)、帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)真菌核心类群,且轮作斑兰叶后真菌群落物种间网络互作更紧密。轮作后显著提高土壤pH,而土壤pH、细菌和真菌群落结构是显著抑制病原菌的最重要指示因子。综合表明,在长期连作的香草兰土壤中轮作短期且经济价值高的香料作物斑兰叶,对缓解香草兰土传病害的发生效果较好。

轮作  /  香草兰  /  斑兰叶  /  根际微生物  /  微生物群落

Vanilla, a vital spice crop, faces significant challenges from soil-borne diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum, affecting its sustainable cultivation. This study utilized quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing to assess the impact of rotating black pepper, pandan, and sweet rice tea on pathogen levels and the rhizosphere soil microbial communities of vanilla plants cultivated in a pot environment. Incorporating pandan and sweet rice tea into the crop rotation significantly reduced the prevalence of F. oxysporum and enhanced both the abundance and diversity of the rhizosphere soil bacteria. Three distinct microbial community structures associated with fallow, monoculture, and crop rotation conditions were identified. Notably, the rotations involving pandan and sweet rice tea showed no significant differences in the bacterial and fungal community compositions. Crop rotation notably increased the relative abundance of key phyla such as Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria and Ascomycota. Moreover, the relative abundance of the dominant bacterial genus Nocardioides increased at the genus level, with a relative abundance of 64.26% after pepper rotation, 98.54% after pandan rotation, and 63.07% after sweet rice tea rotation. The core microbiome, featuring species such as Terriglobus, Kribbella, Myxococcus, Acremonium and Sarocladium, showed a particularly strong response to the presence of pandan, suggesting a closer network interaction among fungal species post-rotation. Additionally, crop rotation was found to significantly raise the soil pH, which, along with the altered bacterial and fungal community structures, emerged as critical factors in disease suppression. Collectively, our results suggest that integrating the economically valuable spice crop pandan into the rotation schedule in vanilla monoculture systems can significantly reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases, offering a sustainable cultivation strategy for vanilla.

crop rotation  /  vanilla  /  pandan  /  rhizosphere microorganisms  /  microbial community
邢诒彰, 洪珊, 杨劲明, 赵青云, 苏凡, 庄辉发, 王辉. 轮作对香草兰病原菌及根际土壤微生物群落的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (1) : 189 -201 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.020
Yizhang XING, Shan HONG, Jinming YANG, Qingyun ZHAO, Fan SU, Huifa ZHUANG, Hui WANG. Crop Rotation Effects on Pathogen Dynamics and Rhizosphere Microbial Assemblages of Vanilla[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (1) : 189 -201 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.020
香草兰(Vanilla planifolia),隶属于兰科香草兰属,是一种多年生的热带藤本攀缘植物。以其独特的香气和风味被誉为“天然食品香料之王”[1],享有极高的声誉。但因其易受土传病原真菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanilla)侵染而引发严重的连作障碍,造成产量下降和品质降低。前期研究表明,长期连作后加剧香草兰枯萎病的发生可归因于土壤微生物群落组成和结构的改变,即有益微生物的减少和真菌病原菌的积累[2]
土壤微生物群落是增强作物抗病和抗逆能力的关键因素[3]。土壤微生物群落的多样性与作物的健康状况紧密相关[4]。研究指出,土壤中功能微生物的多样性可以提高作物对病害的抵抗力,并通过促进营养吸收和产生抗菌化合物来增强作物的抗逆性[5]。土壤微生物尤其是真菌,对土壤结构的形成和维持起着重要作用[6]。它们通过分泌胶结物质促使形成土壤微团聚体,进而影响土壤的水分保持能力和通气性,从而促进作物健康生长[7]。此外,农业管理措施包括耕作方式和作物轮作,对土壤微生物群落的组成和功能有显著的正向调控作用[8-9]
作物轮作通过调控土壤微生物群落的丰富度和多样性以保障土壤和作物健康,是环境友好且经济可行的防控土传病害的绿色措施[10]。基于此,团队前期开发了胡椒(Piper nigrum L.)-香草兰和咖啡(Coffea L.)-香草兰轮作模式,发现轮作胡椒能显著增加真菌木霉属(Trichoderma)和青霉属(Penicillium)的有益类群。通过重塑真菌群落结构和组成,从而实现高效抗病[11]。但胡椒也是多年生香料作物,如何在有限的耕地上结合时下农业生产短平快的经济种植效益需求,开发出更多既能缓解香草兰连作障碍又能收获经济效益高的轮作作物,对香草兰产业的可持续发展具有重要的作用。
根际核心微生物是一类关键的指示性物种,它们通过与植物的互动或在微生物之间的相互作用,对微生物群落的结构进行调控[12]。团队前期研究发现,在香草兰长期连作系统中,与抑制香草兰枯萎病较相关的是真菌群落的变化,且是以抑病核心微生物被孢霉菌属(Mortierella)为主[13]。此外,研究团队还发现了土壤理化性质,尤其是pH的变化对微生物群落结构和根际核心微生物的丰度有显著影响[14]。鉴于此,将土壤理化特性与微生物群落分析相结合,对于深入理解轮作对香草兰土传枯萎病的抑制机制至关重要[15]
以往有关轮作提高香草兰抗病机制的研究大多聚焦于多年生香料作物,且侧重从土壤真菌微生物群落角度解析香草兰抑病机制,而缺乏解析土壤细菌微生物群落及将土壤微生物和土壤理化因子联合深度挖掘其相关机制的研究。据此,本研究在团队前期开发胡椒的基础上,结合新形势下香草兰的产业需求,筛选出热带地区极具特色,生产上种植周期短、经济效益价值高的香料作物——斑兰叶(Pandanus amaryllifolius)和糯米香茶(Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau)构建胡椒-香草兰/斑兰叶-香草兰/糯米香茶-香草兰轮作新模式。通过荧光定量PCR和高通量测序的方法,评估这3种轮作模式对香草兰病原菌及根际土壤微生物群落的影响,以期为香草兰土传病害的防控提供新视角和理论依据。
供试连作香草兰品种为墨西哥香草兰(Vanilla planifolia Andrews);轮作作物选取热带地区特色的香料作物——胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶,均由中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所提供。
盆栽试验于2022年4月至2023年4月在中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所温室大棚中开展。采集香草兰枯萎病发病严重且连续种植10 a以上的香草兰土壤。以连种香草兰(X)为连作对照,同时设置撂荒负对照(CK),以种植胡椒(H)、斑兰叶(B)及糯米香茶(C)为轮作模式作物。采用随机区组设计,每个处理设立3次生物学重复,每个重复种植6盆,每盆1株。每盆填充15 kg土壤,花盆规格为32 cm×25 cm,确保每盆植物之间有足够的空间,并且相互独立,避免潜在的交叉影响。
每个花盆施加90 g普通有机肥料,肥料一次性与采集土壤混合,确保肥料在每盆土壤中分布均匀。斑兰叶作物遵循农业生产操作,于盆栽4个月时进行1次收割,采收后继续留苗种植。化学肥料施用方案则参照传统农事操作,于盆栽12个月后采集根际土壤样品。
每个处理随机选取9盆(9个重复),将香草兰/胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶植株从土壤中轻轻拔出,保存至4 ℃冰盒中迅速带回实验室,轻抖植物根系,抖落下的与植物根系紧密结合的土壤视为根际土壤[16]
土壤理化性质测定参照《土壤农化分析》[17]中的相关方法。使用玻璃电极酸度计测定土壤悬浊液pH;采用重铬酸钾氧化结合外加热方法测定土壤有机质含量;利用碱解扩散法测定土壤碱解氮含量;采用钼锑抗比色法分析土壤速效磷含量;利用火焰光度计测定土壤速效钾含量。
准确称取0.4 g各处理的根际土壤。使用强力土壤DNA提取试剂盒(MoBio Laboratories,Carlsbad,CA,USA)提取DNA。参照试剂盒说明书进行试验操作。提取后将所得DNA样本存放于-70 ℃冰箱中,备用。
采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定香草兰病原菌的总丰度。病原菌特异性扩增引物为AFP308R和ITS1F[13]。采用含有尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)ITS区域序列的质粒,通过10倍稀释法建立标准曲线。利用ABI7500实时荧光定量PCR仪,按照PCR模板程序对标准曲线和样本进行测定。PCR扩增体系:总体积20 μL,包含10 μL SYBR®Premix Ex TaqTM(2倍浓度,TaKaRa Bio Inc.,Japan),每种引物0.4 μL(浓度达到10 μmol/L),0.4 μL ROX Reference Dye Ⅱ(50倍浓度),2 μL DNA模板,6.8 μL无菌水。通过分析溶解曲线和扩增效率来评估PCR的扩增效果。每个样本进行3次独立测定,所得数据进行对数转换,以每克干土对数拷贝数呈现结果。
土壤细菌的16S rRNA基因V4区域的扩增采用特异性引物520F和802R[18]。对于土壤真菌,扩增ITS区域的ITS1片段,使用的引物为ITS5F和ITS1R[19]。扩增过程中样本会加上Barcodes/Linkers和Adapters以备测序。PCR扩增体系:25 μL总混合体系,5倍反应缓冲液5 μL,5倍GC缓冲液5 μL,10 μmol/L的引物1 μL,模板DNA 2 μL,100 mmol/L dNTP 5 μL,以及无酶水8.75 μL。PCR扩增参数设置:98 ℃预变性,持续2 min;98 ℃变性,持续15 s;细菌扩增的退火温度为55 ℃,持续30 s;真菌扩增的退火温度为50 ℃,同样持续30 s;72 ℃延伸,30 s;28~30个循环。
PCR扩增后的产物通过QIAquick PCR Purification Kit(德国QIAGEN公司)进行纯化处理。纯化后的DNA样本利用Qubit®2.0 Fluorometer(美国Invitrogen公司)测定其浓度。随后,采用NEB Next® UltraTM DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina(英国New England Biolabs公司)对等浓度混合的测序样本构建测序文库。
构建的文库质量通过Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer Instruments(美国Agilent Technologies Co. Ltd)和KAPA Library Quantification Kits(美国Kapa Biosystems公司)进行检测和验证。从文库构建到测序均由上海派森诺生物科技股份有限公司完成。
原始测序数据首先通过Trimmomatic软件[20](v0.33)进行质量筛选,去除低质量的序列;利用Cutadapt[21](v1.9.1)识别并剪除引物序列;利用USEARCH[22](v10)对成对的序列进行合并,并使用UCHIME[23](v8.1)去除嵌合体,获得纯净的高质量序列。
使用QIIME2[24](v2020.6)中的DADA2[25]算法对经过质量控制的数据进行去噪处理。以测序所得序列总数的0.005%作为阈值,用于筛选和过滤掉异常序列变体。使用RDP classifier工具对扩增的序列变体(ASV)进行序列比对分析,细菌的序列与RDP Bacterial 16S rRNA数据库[26]进行匹配,真菌的序列与UNITE Fungal ITS数据库[27]进行比对,确保准确识别其分类。
在完成测序数据的质量控制后,共鉴定出327 794个细菌的序列变体(ASVs)和12 633个真菌的ASVs。Chao1和ACE指数用于评估微生物群落的物种丰富度,而Shannon和Invsimpson指数则用于衡量群落的多样性。采用基于Bray-Curtis距离矩阵的主坐标分析(PCoA)和层次聚类分析测定微生物群落的Beta多样性,并通过多元置换方差分析(PERMANOVA)来检验不同群落间的差异是否具有统计学意义。每个ASV的相对丰度以其在样本中序列数占总序列数的百分比来表示。
利用randomForest包分析轮作作物间差异特异富集的核心微生物。网络分析部分使用ggCluster-Net包制图,筛选出相关系数(r)>0.8且P<0.05的数据点构建微生物间的相关性网络图。以上分析均在R软件中完成。
采用Duncan’s新复极差法统计分析不同处理间的病原菌丰度、微生物多样性指数、微生物门和属水平的组成,以及土壤理化因子之间的差异显著性;利用R语言中的vegan包进行线性拟合,探究病原菌与微生物多样性、群落结构及组成之间的关系;采用一般线性模型(逐步回归分析)的方法评估细菌和真菌群落及其多样性和核心物种在抑制病原菌方面的潜力。
ITS测序结果发现,与撂荒(CK)和香草兰连作(X)处理相比,轮作胡椒(H)、斑兰叶(B)和糯米香茶(C)后根际土壤中的镰刀菌属(Fusarium)相对丰度均无显著差异,但轮作斑兰叶后呈降低趋势,且轮作斑兰叶显著低于轮作糯米香茶处理(P<0.05,图1A)。qPCR荧光定量结果则表明,与撂荒和香草兰连作处理相比,轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶后则能显著降低土壤中病原菌尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)的拷贝数(P<0.05,图1B)。以上结果表明,轮作斑兰叶能有效降低土壤中病原菌的数量。
表1可知,与香草兰连作处理相比,轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶均能显著提高土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性(P<0.05),但二者之间无显著差异;轮作胡椒能显著提高土壤细菌群落的丰富度。对真菌群落而言,与撂荒和香草兰连作处理相比,轮作斑兰叶能显著降低根际土壤微生物细菌群落的丰富度和多样性(P<0.05);而与香草兰连作处理相比,轮作胡椒显著降低土壤真菌群落的丰富度。
土壤细菌方面,通过PCoA分析发现,根际土壤细菌群落变异形成了撂荒、香草兰连作及轮作(胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶)3种不同典型栽培模式的结构(图2A)。而基于置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)表明,撂荒、连作和轮作分组间的群落结构呈显著差异(R2=0.34,P<0.01)。进一步层次聚类分析也表明,撂荒处理和连作香草兰处理样本间重复性良好,均能独立聚为一簇,胡椒轮作也能聚为一簇,但轮作斑兰叶和轮作糯米香茶群落结构极为相似,无明显分区(图2B)。细菌高通量测序结果表明,与连作香草兰相比,轮作在优势门水平上显著增加酸酐菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)及Rokubacteria门类群的相对丰度(P<0.05,图3A)。属水平分析则发现,与连作香草兰相比,轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶处理则不同程度上显著增加类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)微生物,其增幅分别达到64.26%、98.54%和63.07%(图2B)。
土壤真菌方面,通过PCoA分析表明,根际真菌土壤微生物群落也形成了撂荒、香草兰连作及轮作(胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶)3种不同的结构(图2C)。且经过置换多元方差检验也证实3种不同的群落结构呈显著差异(R2=0.32,P<0.01)。层次聚类结果表明,撂荒处理和香草兰连作处理单独聚为一类,轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶的群落结构相似,错综交叉聚集,无明显区分(图2D)。基于ITS高通量测序则发现,与连作香草兰相比,轮作在优势门水平上显著增加子囊菌门(Ascomycota)类群的相对丰度(P<0.05,图3B)。属水平分析则发现,与连作香草兰相比,轮作处理能特异显著增加Ascobolus属微生物的相对丰度,轮作胡椒、斑兰叶和糯米香茶处理的Ascobolus属相对丰度分别为4.69%、4.85%、1.75%,而连作香草兰处理的相对丰度仅为0.01%(图2D)。
线性回归分析结果表明,土壤细菌微生物群落丰富度(Chao指数)、多样性(Shannon指数)及群落结构(PCoA1)均与香草兰枯萎病病原菌F. oxysporum拷贝数存在显著负相关关系(P<0.05,图4A~图4C);而土壤细菌中仅有门水平上的放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflex)类群的相对丰度与病原菌F. oxysporum拷贝数呈显著负相关(P<0.05,图4D~图4K);土壤真菌方面,真菌群落结构(PCoA1)、群落丰富度(Chao指数)及真菌组成子囊菌门(Ascomycota)类群相对丰度均与病原菌F. oxysporum拷贝数呈显著负相关(P<0.05,图4L~图4O)。
为了识别撂荒、连作和轮作样本间的差异关键核心物种,采用随机森林分析并根据物种的贡献度权重高低进行排序,排名前10的ASV物种如图5所示。在细菌中,与连作香草兰处理相比,轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶能特异富集ASV122517、ASV8386及ASV275757物种(P<0.05),且均与病原菌F. oxysporum呈显著负相关(P<0.05,图5A~图5B)。而在真菌中,与连作香草兰相比,轮作斑兰叶能特异显著富集ASV5998及ASV7292物种(P<0.05),且与病原菌F. oxysporum呈显著负相关(P<0.05);而轮作糯米香茶后则能显著富集ASV5434(P<0.05),与病原菌F. oxysporum同样呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05,图5C~图5D)。
撂荒、连作及轮作处理的根际细菌和真菌相关性网络具有明显差异(图6)。每个圆点代表1个ASV物种,并被注释到门水平;橘黄色代表物种间呈正相关,蓝色代表物种间呈负相关。每个处理的网络拓扑性质如表2所示。结果表明,在细菌中,与连作香草兰负相关连接数(43.55%)相比,轮作胡椒处理节点的负相关连接为38.89%,而轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶的则分别为45.45%和50.00%。连作与轮作之间的节点平均度差异不显著,但轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶处理的平均聚类系数高于连作处理,特别是轮作斑兰叶后平均聚类系数达0.50,而连作香草兰的仅为0.19(图6A)。
在真菌中(表2),与连作香草兰相比,轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶均不同程度地减少了节点负相关的连接数,增加了平均度和平均聚类系数。与连作香草兰负相关连接数(9.89%)相比,轮作胡椒处理的负相关连接数为2.68%,轮作斑兰叶的仅为1.23%,而轮作糯米香茶的为3.47%,表明轮作后根际土壤真菌群落结构更稳定。与连作香草兰节点平均度相比,轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶的节点平均度均不同程度的增加,特别是轮作斑兰叶后的真菌网络节点平均度达到5.74,增加了2倍,菌群连接更紧密。此外,真菌类群在微生物网络中的节点平均度普遍高于细菌类群,特别是子囊菌门(Ascomycota)类群(图6B),表明子囊菌门在微生物互作中具有更重要的生态位。
综合分析表明,在长期连作的香草兰土壤上轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶均会不同程度地增加细菌和真菌群落物种间互惠共生的正向作用,且轮作斑兰叶效果更好。
通过测定轮作不同香料作物后的土壤理化性质,结果表明,与连作香草兰处理相比,轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶均能显著提高土壤pH,以及土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量(P<0.05),但轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶后的pH和速效钾含量无显著差异(表3)。将有效的土壤理化因子与尖孢镰刀菌构建一般线性模型,用于评估土壤理化因子抑制病原菌增殖的可能性大小及预测其相对重要性。结果表明,5个土壤理化因子解释了总模型变量的87.33%,其中,pH是影响病原菌浓度的一个显著且关键的微生物生态指标(P<0.05),它对模型总变量的解释度达到26.72%(表4)。
将对病原菌具有显著负相关关系的微生物指示因子与病原菌再次构建线性模型,用于预测微生物因子抑制病原菌浓度的相对重要性。结果表明,细菌群落、真菌群落及子囊菌门(Ascomycota)类群相对丰度是抑制病原菌的显著指示因子(P<0.05),分别解释了17.01%、8.05%和11.22%的模型总变量(表4)。
连作障碍是指在同一片土地上连续种植相同作物,导致土壤养分失衡、病原菌累积和微生物群落失衡,进而限制作物生长,降低产量和品质的现象。香草兰是一种热带多年生藤本植物,尤其容易受到连作障碍的影响。本团队前期研究表明,通过轮作种植多年生作物胡椒可以有效改善土壤真菌群落结构及其组成,增强香草兰的抗病性[11]。进一步筛选出热带特色、种植周期短且经济效益高的香料作物斑兰叶和糯米香茶进行轮作盆栽试验,结果显示,轮作斑兰叶能显著降低土壤中镰刀菌属的相对丰度,特别是减少了尖孢镰刀菌的数量。这一发现与先前的轮作研究相符,证实了轮作可以有效控制病原菌的增长[11]。此外,类似的通过轮作减少作物土传病害的研究亦广泛开展。如辣椒-香蕉轮作[12]、茄子-香蕉轮作[28]和菠萝-香蕉轮作[29]模式均能有效降低根际土壤中尖孢镰刀菌的数量,增强香蕉的抗病性。轮作改变了植物宿主,打断了病原菌的营养循环[3],这可能是提升香草兰抗病能力的关键因素。
土壤微生物的多样性和丰富度在植物应对环境压力时发挥着关键作用,它们协助植物抵御外来侵害并促进植物恢复[3]。本研究发现,轮作周期短且经济价值高的斑兰叶和糯米香茶显著提高了土壤细菌群落的丰富度和多样性,而降低了土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性。前期研究也发现,轮作多年生胡椒和咖啡能提高土壤真菌群落的丰富度和多样性[11]。表明不同作物的轮作模式对细菌和真菌群落的丰富度和多样性的影响有差异。特定的轮作作物通过激发特定的有益微生物类群的繁殖和生长,进而影响土壤微生物群落结构。而这些微生物与病原菌争夺植物根部的生态位资源,限制了病原菌的营养来源,从而能有效控制其增长[30]
已有研究表明,长期作物轮作后微生物群落结构和组成与连作栽培模式间有显著差异[10]。本研究中,无论细菌还是真菌群落结构,撂荒、连作和轮作均能显著区分,形成3种完全不同的群落结构,但轮作胡椒/斑兰叶/糯米香茶之间的群落结构很相似,无法区分。这一发现与前期的轮作研究结果[11]一致。推测可能是轮作的时长不够,还不足以富集到更多特异的微生物。由于轮作效应,微生物群落的变化将影响特定微生物的响应。进一步研究发现,轮作能显著富集细菌门水平上的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)微生物,属水平则显著富集类诺卡氏属(Nocardioides)微生物,且与病原菌呈显著负相关;而真菌则显著富集门水平上的子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和属水平上的Ascobolus属微生物。虽然目前尚无足够的证据表明这些微生物具有直接的抗病功能。但值得注意的是,这些微生物都是土壤中的优势菌门,可能是通过间接影响其他微生物的定殖而发挥抗病功能[31]
为鉴定识别出各轮作作物特异富集且对病原菌有潜在拮抗功能的核心微生物,采用专业寻找生物标志物的随机森林分析,研究发现,轮作斑兰叶后能特异富集Terriglobus属、克雷伯杆菌属(Kribbella)和粘球菌属(Myxococcus)核心细菌类群,以及枝顶孢霉属(Acremonium)和帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)真菌核心类群,且均与病原菌呈显著负相关关系。值得注意的是,前期的胡椒轮作能显著富集有益的拮抗真菌类群木霉属(Trichoderma)和青霉属(Penicillium),表明不同的轮作作物根系代谢物有差异,富集的特定有益微生物类群也有差异[32]。已有研究表明,克雷伯杆菌属和粘球菌属的微生物在土壤中广泛分布,而枝顶孢霉属及帚枝霉属均属于丛梗孢科(Hypomycetes)真菌微生物,均能产生多样的次级代谢产物,而这些产物具有抗菌、抗生素和其他活性物质,是生物防治方面重要的微生物资源[33-35]。因此推测:这些具备生物防治特性的微生物种群丰度的变化可能影响了轮作过程中的病原菌数量,进而增强了香草兰对病害的抵抗力。
基于数学算法构建的微生物共发生关系网络,可用于研究微生物群落的多样性、复杂性及稳定性,近年来已被广泛应用[36-38]。基于此,对撂荒、连作、轮作胡椒、轮作斑兰叶及轮作糯米香茶5个处理的根际土壤细菌和真菌分别构建了微生物网络,通过综合考量网络特征系数,如正相关连接边数、平均度、平均聚类系数等,发现轮作斑兰叶后的细菌和真菌物种间互惠共生的正相关作用更强,可能通过ASV物种间更紧密的互作关系提高了根际微生物多样性[39],从而提升了菌群协同抵抗病原菌入侵根际的能力。
前期研究得出,在高发枯萎病的香蕉园轮作辣椒后,通过提高土壤pH可重塑微生物组成,富集有益的假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)微生物,增强了香蕉的抗病性[14]。本研究也发现,轮作斑兰叶和糯米香茶能显著提升根际土壤pH,而土壤pH是限制病原菌的最显著因子,可解释模型变量的26.72%。进一步利用一般线性模型分析揭示了细菌群落、真菌群落以及子囊菌门的相对丰度在抑制病原菌方面起着显著的作用。这与TAO等[40]的研究结果相符合,即根际细菌群落的变化对于抑制香蕉土传枯萎病至关重要。
在土传病害频发的香草兰园轮作斑兰叶可显著降低镰刀菌属的相对丰度和尖孢镰刀菌的拷贝数,增加细菌群落的丰富度和多样性。通过特异富集细菌Terriglobus属、克雷伯杆菌属(Kribbella)和粘球菌属(Myxococcus)核心类群,以及真菌枝顶孢霉属(Acremonium)及帚枝霉属(Sarocladium)核心类群可重塑微生物群落组成。轮作斑兰叶作物后可显著提高土壤pH,土壤pH提升的同时影响了细菌和真菌的群落结构,从而抑制了病原菌的定殖,推测这些变化是轮作提高香草兰抗病能力的重要原因。
  • 海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(322QN404; 321QN326)
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY268)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.020
  • 接收时间:2024-07-30
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-30
  • 修回日期:2024-08-24
基金
海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(322QN404; 321QN326)
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY268)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
    2.中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所/植物基因组学国家重点实验室,北京 100101
    3.海南省种业实验室,海南三亚 572025
    4.海南省农业科学院三亚研究院/海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南三亚 572025
    5.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228

通讯作者:

* 洪珊(HONG Shan),E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.020
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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