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Article(id=1276601522385457477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720368000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-08, revisedDate=1721750400000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782295121045, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782295121045, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782295121045, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782295121045, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276601397818814642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='245', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782295091347, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782295207335, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=70, endPage=82, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276601522653892935, articleId=1276601522385457477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Phenotypic Character Analysis of the Main Cultivars of Bougainvillea, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Bougainvillea is an important woody ornamental plant in southern China. There are a large number of varieties, but the classification is relatively chaotic. This study took 133 Bougainvillea varieties introduced and preserved in Yunnan as the research object, and conducted frequency distribution statistical analysis, coefficient of variation calculation, and diversity index calculation for 10 quantitative characters and 41 discrete characters. Q-type clustering analysis was also conducted. The results showed that the 133 Bougainvillea varieties had rich diversity in many characters, and the coefficient of variation of quantitative characters ranged from 19.61%–32.59%, with an average of 26.64%. The coefficient of variation of the total flower stem length, calyx tube width, petiole length, and flower length was the highest, and the diversity index ranged from 1.69–2.09, with an average of 1.92. The diversity index of leaf length, bract width, leaf width, and bract length was the highest. The diversity index of discrete characters ranged from 0.17–2.19. There were 11 discrete characters with H′ values greater than 1, and the diversity index of bract color and calyx tube color was both greater than 2. The diversity was rich. Among the four species of Bougainvillea, the diversity index of Bougainvillea×buttiana was the highest, with the richest diversity, followed by B. peruviana, B. glabra, and B. spectabilis, whose diversity index was the lowest, with less diversity. However, each species has its own advantageous characters. Among the 51 characters, 22 characters showed significant difference among species, which were of great reference value for identifying and classifying the varieties of Bougainvillea. Based on the types of bracts, the number of spines, and the size of leaves, 133 B. varieties could be grouped into four categories: double spiny less, double spiny more, single spiny less leaflet, and single spiny large leaflet. The research results show that the phenotypic characters of the 133 B. varieties tested have high diversity, and the quantitative trait variation types are rich. This study could provide scientific basis for systematic evaluation of B. germplasm resources, variety classification, and germplasm innovation.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xiaohan HAO, Wenling GUAN, Yefang LI, Jie SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276601524079956309, articleId=1276601522385457477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=三角梅主要品种表型性状分析, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

三角梅是我国南方重要的木本花卉，品种繁多，但分类比较混乱。本研究以云南引种保存的133个三角梅品种为研究对象，对133个品种的10个数量性状和41个质量性状进行频率分布统计、变异系数计算和多样性指数计算，并进行Q型聚类分析。结果表明：133个三角梅品种多个性状多样性丰富，数量性状的变异系数范围为19.61%~32.59%，平均值为26.64%，花序总梗长度、花被管宽度、叶柄长度、花序长度的变异系数最高，多样性指数范围为1.69~2.09，平均值为1.92，叶片长度、苞片宽度、叶片宽度、苞片长度的多样性指数最高。质量性状多样性指数为0.17~2.19，多样性指数大于1的质量性状有11个，苞片颜色、花被管颜色多样性指数均大于2，多样性丰富。4个种系的三角梅品种中，巴特三角梅数量性状的多样性指数最高，多样性最丰富，其次是秘鲁三角梅、光叶三角梅，毛叶三角梅的多样性指数最小，多样性较小，但不同种系各有优势性状。51个性状中，有22个性状在种系之间呈现出了显著差异性，此22个性状对三角梅品种识别和类群划分具有重要的参考价值。根据苞片类型、枝刺多少、叶片大小进行聚类，133个三角梅品种可聚为重瓣少刺、重瓣多刺、单瓣少刺小叶、单瓣多刺大叶4类。上述研究结果显示，供试133个三角梅品种的表型性状多样性较高，数量性状变异类型丰富，本研究可为三角梅种质资源的系统评价、品种分类和种质创新提供参考。

, authors=

郝晓函（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：花卉遗传育种。

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* 宋杰（SONG Jie），E-mail：。
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3.吉林省种子管理总站，吉林长春　130031, bio={"content":"

郝晓函（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：花卉遗传育种。

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郝晓函（1998—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：花卉遗传育种。

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refs=[Reference(id=1276601790812521160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=陈炽争, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈炽争. 三角梅属种质资源调查与品种分类的研究[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2017., articleTitle=三角梅属种质资源调查与品种分类的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601790871241417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=CHEN C Z, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN C Z. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Phenotypic diversity of 21 Hibiscus cultivars, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601794901967592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=20, issue=12, pageStart=4108, pageEnd=4120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=32, authorNames=陈百强, 曹受金, 沈鑫, 诸葛菲, 卢星辰, 李因刚, journalName=分子植物育种, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈百强, 曹受金, 沈鑫, 诸葛菲, 卢星辰, 李因刚. 观赏乌桕品种表型多样性分析及综合评价[J]. 分子植物育种, 2022, 20(12): 4108-4120., articleTitle=观赏乌桕品种表型多样性分析及综合评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601794973270761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=20, issue=12, pageStart=4108, pageEnd=4120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=33, authorNames=CHEN B Q, CAO S J, SHEN X, ZHUGE F, LU X C, LI Y G, journalName=Molecular Plant Breeding, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN B Q, CAO S J, SHEN X, ZHUGE F, LU X C, LI Y G. 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Development history and tendency of Bougainvillea industry all over the world[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2018, 38(1): 71-77. 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departmentName=null, remark=3.吉林省种子管理总站，吉林长春　130031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276601788715369137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Schematic diagram of bract character measurement, figureFileSmall=ekfVVoxv7StMAbXEgbD12w==, figureFileBig=L6kEwfnMVclGX7XCHc3rIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601788803449522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=图1, caption=苞片部性状测量示意图, figureFileSmall=ekfVVoxv7StMAbXEgbD12w==, figureFileBig=L6kEwfnMVclGX7XCHc3rIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601789055107763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Schematic diagram of leaf and annual branch measurement, figureFileSmall=dCDt8MmLmJDzn6o/oDrT+A==, figureFileBig=jFyYs+8qUkTyqVeKgGdpYw==, tableContent=null), 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label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of quantitative characters of different Bougainvillea species

* indicates significant difference (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=NKfKKB4oIAPwSffebdx3qQ==, figureFileBig=nLe4Y9RhBzb/O/D7F2ut+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601789407429304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同种三角梅的数量性状比较

*表示差异显著（P<0.05），**表示差异极显著（P<0.01）。

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Types of blade shape 1: spear point, 2: medium ovate, 3: broad ovate, 4: oval, 5: round, 6: irregular; Types of leaf base shape 1: long pointed bottom, 2: sharp pointed bottom, 3: blunt pointed bottom; Types of leaf third color 1: none, 2: yellow-white, 3: yellow, 4: yellow-green,5: light green, 6: medium green, 7: dark green, 8: extra dark green, 9: gray green, 10: other; Types of petiole pose 1: upward, 2: horizontal,3: downward; Types of tidbits density 1: rare, 2: medium, 3: many; Types of bracts shape 1: narrow ovate, 2: medium ovate, 3: broad ovate,4: round, 5: other; Types of bracteal posture 1: inverted roll, 2: normal, 3: straight, 4: inward roll; Types of persistent bracts 1: yes,2: no; Types of corolla color 1: none, 2: white, 3: cream, 4: yellow-green, 5: yellow, 6: red, 7: pink, 8: orange, 9: other colors; Types of perianth tube shape 1: none, 2: slender, 3: middle contraction, 4: bottom expansion; Types of stamen position 1: none, 2: inside corolla,3: corolla, 4: outside corolla; Types of bracts color 1: white, 2: green white, 3: yellow, 4: light purple, 5: light pink, 6: orange, 7: purple,8: pink, 9: magenta, 10: red, 11: other. The light blue dots represent B. glabra; The dark blue dot represents B. spectabilisa; The light green dots represent B. peruviana; The dark green dot represents Bougainvillea×buttiana. * means significant difference (P<0.05),** means extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=F+WrzgqFP4zGJJmkC8vQ5w==, figureFileBig=DbZFPW5061LBfZt5GnTmsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601789533258426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同种系三角梅质量性状分布情况

叶片形状类型为1：矛尖形，2：中等卵形，3：阔卵形，4：椭圆形，5：圆形，6：异形；叶底形状类型为1：长尖底，2：急尖底，3：钝尖底；叶片第三色类型为1：无，2：黄白色，3：黄色，4：黄绿色，5：浅绿色，6：中绿色，7：暗绿色，8：特暗绿色，9：灰绿色，10：其他；叶柄姿态类型为1：向上，2：水平，3：朝下；花絮密度类型为1：稀少，2：中等，3：多；苞片形状为1：窄卵形，2：中卵形，3：阔卵形，4：圆形，5：其他；苞片姿态类型为1：反卷外翻，2：正常，3：挺直，4：内卷；苞片宿存类型为1：是，2：否；花冠颜色类型为1：无，2：白色，3：奶油色，4：黄绿色，5：黄色，6：红色，7：粉红色，8：橙色，9：其他色；花被管形状类型为1：无，2：纤细，3：中部收缩，4：底部膨胀；雄蕊位置类型为1：无，2：花冠口内，3：花冠口，4：花冠口外；苞片颜色类型为1：白色，2：绿白色，3：黄色，4：浅紫色，5：浅粉色，6：橙色，7：紫色，8：粉红色，9：洋红色，10：红色，11：其他。浅蓝色圆点代表光叶；深蓝色圆点代表毛叶；浅绿色圆点代表秘鲁；深绿色圆点代表巴特。*表示差异显著（P<0.05），**表示差异极显著（P<0.01）。

, figureFileSmall=F+WrzgqFP4zGJJmkC8vQ5w==, figureFileBig=DbZFPW5061LBfZt5GnTmsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601789600367291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Cluster map of Bougainvillea varieties based on phenotypic characters, figureFileSmall=FThcPqNHSkvdniBLFQiSOw==, figureFileBig=pJJfjCuN5LYzX2pSpgpkiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601789688447676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于表型性状的三角梅品种聚类图, figureFileSmall=FThcPqNHSkvdniBLFQiSOw==, figureFileBig=pJJfjCuN5LYzX2pSpgpkiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601789763945149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Tested varieties of Bougainvillea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.种名Species中文名Chinese name拉丁学名Latin name编号No.种名Species中文名Chinese name拉丁学名Latin name
BG1光叶安格斯B. glabra ‘Elizabeth Angus’BB19巴特柠檬黄Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Golen Glow’
BG2光叶新加坡大白B. glabra ‘Singapore White’BB20巴特绿叶宫粉Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Texas Dawn’
BG3光叶新加坡宫粉B. glabra ‘Singapore Pink’BB21巴特印度画报Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Chitra’
BG4光叶巴西丁香紫B. glabra ‘Formosa’BB22巴特斑叶中国丽人Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Chinese Beauty’
BG5光叶变色龙叶子花B. glabra ‘Rainbow’BB23巴特橙冰Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Orange Ice’
BG6光叶白雪公主B. glabra ‘Mrs. Eva White’BB24巴特重瓣橙Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Roseville’s Delight’
BG7光叶重瓣白B. glabra ‘Double White’BB25巴特金边叶宫粉Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Sirene’
BG8光叶斑叶丽娜B. glabra ‘Lila Variegata’BB26巴特红蝶Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ratana Red’
BG9光叶斑叶伊娃夫人B. glabra ‘Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata’BB27巴特蜡染粉Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Batik Pink’
BG10光叶重瓣粉B. glabra ‘Los Banos Beauty’BB28巴特三角洲黎明Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Delta Dawn’
BG11光叶斑叶鸟贾迪B. glabra ‘Bird Thongchai Variegata’BB29巴特桑勒博士Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Dr. P. V. Sane’
BG12光叶雪紫B. glabra ‘Marlu’BB30巴特重瓣红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Mahara Double Red’
BG13光叶浅茄B. glabra ‘Mariel Fitz Patrick’BB31巴特雪叶红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Xue Ye Hong’
BG14光叶桑德瑞纳B. glabra ‘Sanderiana’BB32巴特绿叶橙Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Mrs. McClean’
BG15光叶大金叶白B. glabra ‘Lueang Pattaya Khaow’BB33巴特橙蝶Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ratana Orange’
BG16光叶银边叶白B. glabra ‘Mrs. Eva White Variegata’BB34巴特明扬橙Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Iguana Variegata’
BG17光叶小叶小浅紫B. glabra ‘Golden Dragon’B1未知玛斯佩拉克B. ‘Mas Perak’
BG18光叶花茎B. glabra ‘Magnifica’B2未知黄色幻想B. ‘Yellow Fantasy’
BG19光叶银边叶小浅紫B. glabra ‘Purple PatcH’B3未知红狐狸B. ‘Red Ribbon’
BS1毛叶粉红豹B. spectabilis ‘Pink Panther’B4未知魅惑B. ‘Pink Lady’
BS2毛叶橙桑巴B. spectabilis ‘Flame Orange’B5未知红九月B. ‘Red September’
BS3毛叶红雀B. spectabilis ‘Chili Ren’B6未知橙雪B. ‘Snow Orange’
BS4毛叶红桑巴B. spectabilis ‘Flame’B7未知大金叶紫B. ‘Miaojin Purple’
BS5毛叶维拉深粉B. spectabilis ‘Vera Deep Purple’B8未知卡亚塔B. ‘Kayata’
BS6毛叶维拉红B. spectabilis ‘Vera Red’B9未知黄灯笼B. ‘Yellow Lantern’
BS7毛叶巴西紫B. spectabilis ‘Braziliensis Purple’B10未知不甜的西瓜B. ‘Tembikai Orange’
BS8毛叶塔橙B. spectabilis ‘Kasumi’B11未知紫罗兰九月B. ‘SplasH’
BS9毛叶非洲日落B. spectabilis ‘African Sunset’B12未知鲁比亚纳B. ‘Rubyana’
BS10毛叶宝老橙B. spectabilis ‘Orange Fiesta’B13未知塔黄B. ‘Sasara’
BS11毛叶胭脂红B. spectabilis ‘Rijinstar Pink’B14未知暗斑叶樱花B. ‘Blushing Beauty’
BS12毛叶斑叶塔紫B. spectabilis ‘Liberty Flame’B15未知佩德罗B. ‘Pedro’
BS13毛叶塔紫B. spectabilis ‘Pixie’B16未知橙色幻想B. ‘Fantasy Orange’
BS14毛叶婴儿玫瑰B. spectabilis ‘Baby Rose’B17未知粉天使B. ‘Pink Angel’
BS15毛叶维拉白B. spectabilis ‘Vera White’B18未知菲菲娜B. ‘Fifina’
BP1秘鲁绿叶樱花B. peruviana ‘Thai Delight’B19未知印度美人B. ‘Indian Beauty’
BP2秘鲁玛丽帕尔默特别B. peruviana ‘Mary Palmer Special’B20未知斑叶塔橙B. ‘Sunvillea Pink Variegata’
BP3秘鲁金心橙白B. peruviana ‘Thimma Special’B21未知虎斑橙B. ‘Orange Tiger’
BP4秘鲁洋红公主B. peruviana ‘Mahatma Gandhi’B22未知波伊斯玫瑰B. ‘Boisde Rose’
BP5秘鲁口红叶子花B. peruviana ‘Lipstick’B23未知橙九月B. ‘Orange September’
BP6秘鲁索菲亚B. peruviana ‘Sophia’B24未知红莲花B. ‘Red Lotus’
BP7秘鲁帕尔博士B. peruviana ‘Dr. R. R. Pal’B25未知蓝月亮B. ‘Zuki’
BP8秘鲁狐狸尾白B. peruviana ‘Ekor Musang White’B26未知黑玛丽B. ‘Black Mary’
BP9秘鲁蒙娜丽莎黄B. peruviana ‘Mona Lisa Yellow’B27未知皇家孟加拉红B. ‘Royal Bengal Red’
BP10秘鲁瑟马B. peruviana ‘Thimma’B28未知大斑叶橙B. ‘Da Ban Ye Cheng’
BP11秘鲁哈德逊夫人B. peruviana ‘Lady Hudson’B29未知黑玫瑰B. ‘Hei Mei Gui’
BP12秘鲁绿叶双色B. peruviana ‘Mary Palmer’B30未知绿叶浅黄B. ‘Lv Ye Qian Huang’
BP13秘鲁帕尔塔B. peruviana ‘Partha’B31未知沙斑叶大红B. ‘Sha Ban Ye Da Hong’
BP14秘鲁红心樱花B. peruviana ‘Odisee’B32未知明扬重橙B. ‘Ming Yang Chong Cheng’
BP15秘鲁蒙娜丽莎红B. peruviana ‘Monalisa Red’B33未知大斑叶宫粉B. ‘Da Ban Ye Gong Fen’
BB1巴特苹果花Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Apple Blossom’B34未知中国红B. ‘Zhong Guo Hong’
BB2巴特暗斑中国丽人Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Chinese Beauty Jinda’B35未知谷大红B. ‘Gu Da Hong’
BB3巴特五宝Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ladybird’B36未知末代皇后B. ‘Mo Dai Huang Hou’
BB4巴特加州黄金Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘California Gold’B37未知大密叶塔紫B. ‘Da Mi Ye Ta Zi’
BB5巴特紫蝶Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ratana Purple’B38未知谷大樱B. ‘Gu Da Ying’
BB6巴特洒金叶橙Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Jamaica Orange’B39未知迷你沙巴紫B. ‘Mi Ni Sha Ba Zi’
BB7巴特金发女郎Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Blondie’B40未知潮州红B. ‘Chao Zhou Hong’
BB8巴特暗斑夕阳红B.× buttiana Holttum & Standl. ‘Rainbow Orange’B41未知斑叶印度橙粉B. ‘Ban Ye Yin Du Cheng Fen’
BB9巴特巴特夫人Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Mrs Butt’B42未知先明斑水红B. ‘Xian Ming Ban Shui Hong’
BB10巴特洒金叶粉Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Fantasy Pink’B43未知洒金玫红B. ‘Sa Jin Mei Hong’
BB11巴特德克萨斯黎明Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Pink Beauty’B44未知小忍者B. ‘Xiao Ren Zhe’
BB12巴特重瓣黄Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Aussie Gold’B45未知日本丝绸B. ‘Ri Ben Si Chou’
BB13巴特同安红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Miss Manila’B46未知沙斑叶大白B. ‘Sha Ban Ye Da Bai’
BB14巴特金边大红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Raspberry Ice’B47未知蜡染西瓜B. ‘La Ran Xi Gua’
BB15巴特香港丽人Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Hong Kong Beauty’B48未知花仙紫B. ‘Hua Xian Zi’
BB16巴特金边叶樱花Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Double Delight’B49未知暗斑叶白B. ‘An Ban Ye Bai’
BB17巴特绿叶玫红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Barbara karst’B50未知色利吉皇后B. ‘Se Li Ji Huang Hou’
BB18巴特白蝶Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ratana White’
), ArticleFig(id=1276601789860414142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三角梅供试品种

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.种名Species中文名Chinese name拉丁学名Latin name编号No.种名Species中文名Chinese name拉丁学名Latin name
BG1光叶安格斯B. glabra ‘Elizabeth Angus’BB19巴特柠檬黄Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Golen Glow’
BG2光叶新加坡大白B. glabra ‘Singapore White’BB20巴特绿叶宫粉Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Texas Dawn’
BG3光叶新加坡宫粉B. glabra ‘Singapore Pink’BB21巴特印度画报Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Chitra’
BG4光叶巴西丁香紫B. glabra ‘Formosa’BB22巴特斑叶中国丽人Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Chinese Beauty’
BG5光叶变色龙叶子花B. glabra ‘Rainbow’BB23巴特橙冰Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Orange Ice’
BG6光叶白雪公主B. glabra ‘Mrs. Eva White’BB24巴特重瓣橙Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Roseville’s Delight’
BG7光叶重瓣白B. glabra ‘Double White’BB25巴特金边叶宫粉Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Sirene’
BG8光叶斑叶丽娜B. glabra ‘Lila Variegata’BB26巴特红蝶Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ratana Red’
BG9光叶斑叶伊娃夫人B. glabra ‘Mrs. Eva Mauve Variegata’BB27巴特蜡染粉Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Batik Pink’
BG10光叶重瓣粉B. glabra ‘Los Banos Beauty’BB28巴特三角洲黎明Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Delta Dawn’
BG11光叶斑叶鸟贾迪B. glabra ‘Bird Thongchai Variegata’BB29巴特桑勒博士Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Dr. P. V. Sane’
BG12光叶雪紫B. glabra ‘Marlu’BB30巴特重瓣红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Mahara Double Red’
BG13光叶浅茄B. glabra ‘Mariel Fitz Patrick’BB31巴特雪叶红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Xue Ye Hong’
BG14光叶桑德瑞纳B. glabra ‘Sanderiana’BB32巴特绿叶橙Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Mrs. McClean’
BG15光叶大金叶白B. glabra ‘Lueang Pattaya Khaow’BB33巴特橙蝶Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ratana Orange’
BG16光叶银边叶白B. glabra ‘Mrs. Eva White Variegata’BB34巴特明扬橙Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Iguana Variegata’
BG17光叶小叶小浅紫B. glabra ‘Golden Dragon’B1未知玛斯佩拉克B. ‘Mas Perak’
BG18光叶花茎B. glabra ‘Magnifica’B2未知黄色幻想B. ‘Yellow Fantasy’
BG19光叶银边叶小浅紫B. glabra ‘Purple PatcH’B3未知红狐狸B. ‘Red Ribbon’
BS1毛叶粉红豹B. spectabilis ‘Pink Panther’B4未知魅惑B. ‘Pink Lady’
BS2毛叶橙桑巴B. spectabilis ‘Flame Orange’B5未知红九月B. ‘Red September’
BS3毛叶红雀B. spectabilis ‘Chili Ren’B6未知橙雪B. ‘Snow Orange’
BS4毛叶红桑巴B. spectabilis ‘Flame’B7未知大金叶紫B. ‘Miaojin Purple’
BS5毛叶维拉深粉B. spectabilis ‘Vera Deep Purple’B8未知卡亚塔B. ‘Kayata’
BS6毛叶维拉红B. spectabilis ‘Vera Red’B9未知黄灯笼B. ‘Yellow Lantern’
BS7毛叶巴西紫B. spectabilis ‘Braziliensis Purple’B10未知不甜的西瓜B. ‘Tembikai Orange’
BS8毛叶塔橙B. spectabilis ‘Kasumi’B11未知紫罗兰九月B. ‘SplasH’
BS9毛叶非洲日落B. spectabilis ‘African Sunset’B12未知鲁比亚纳B. ‘Rubyana’
BS10毛叶宝老橙B. spectabilis ‘Orange Fiesta’B13未知塔黄B. ‘Sasara’
BS11毛叶胭脂红B. spectabilis ‘Rijinstar Pink’B14未知暗斑叶樱花B. ‘Blushing Beauty’
BS12毛叶斑叶塔紫B. spectabilis ‘Liberty Flame’B15未知佩德罗B. ‘Pedro’
BS13毛叶塔紫B. spectabilis ‘Pixie’B16未知橙色幻想B. ‘Fantasy Orange’
BS14毛叶婴儿玫瑰B. spectabilis ‘Baby Rose’B17未知粉天使B. ‘Pink Angel’
BS15毛叶维拉白B. spectabilis ‘Vera White’B18未知菲菲娜B. ‘Fifina’
BP1秘鲁绿叶樱花B. peruviana ‘Thai Delight’B19未知印度美人B. ‘Indian Beauty’
BP2秘鲁玛丽帕尔默特别B. peruviana ‘Mary Palmer Special’B20未知斑叶塔橙B. ‘Sunvillea Pink Variegata’
BP3秘鲁金心橙白B. peruviana ‘Thimma Special’B21未知虎斑橙B. ‘Orange Tiger’
BP4秘鲁洋红公主B. peruviana ‘Mahatma Gandhi’B22未知波伊斯玫瑰B. ‘Boisde Rose’
BP5秘鲁口红叶子花B. peruviana ‘Lipstick’B23未知橙九月B. ‘Orange September’
BP6秘鲁索菲亚B. peruviana ‘Sophia’B24未知红莲花B. ‘Red Lotus’
BP7秘鲁帕尔博士B. peruviana ‘Dr. R. R. Pal’B25未知蓝月亮B. ‘Zuki’
BP8秘鲁狐狸尾白B. peruviana ‘Ekor Musang White’B26未知黑玛丽B. ‘Black Mary’
BP9秘鲁蒙娜丽莎黄B. peruviana ‘Mona Lisa Yellow’B27未知皇家孟加拉红B. ‘Royal Bengal Red’
BP10秘鲁瑟马B. peruviana ‘Thimma’B28未知大斑叶橙B. ‘Da Ban Ye Cheng’
BP11秘鲁哈德逊夫人B. peruviana ‘Lady Hudson’B29未知黑玫瑰B. ‘Hei Mei Gui’
BP12秘鲁绿叶双色B. peruviana ‘Mary Palmer’B30未知绿叶浅黄B. ‘Lv Ye Qian Huang’
BP13秘鲁帕尔塔B. peruviana ‘Partha’B31未知沙斑叶大红B. ‘Sha Ban Ye Da Hong’
BP14秘鲁红心樱花B. peruviana ‘Odisee’B32未知明扬重橙B. ‘Ming Yang Chong Cheng’
BP15秘鲁蒙娜丽莎红B. peruviana ‘Monalisa Red’B33未知大斑叶宫粉B. ‘Da Ban Ye Gong Fen’
BB1巴特苹果花Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Apple Blossom’B34未知中国红B. ‘Zhong Guo Hong’
BB2巴特暗斑中国丽人Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Chinese Beauty Jinda’B35未知谷大红B. ‘Gu Da Hong’
BB3巴特五宝Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ladybird’B36未知末代皇后B. ‘Mo Dai Huang Hou’
BB4巴特加州黄金Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘California Gold’B37未知大密叶塔紫B. ‘Da Mi Ye Ta Zi’
BB5巴特紫蝶Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ratana Purple’B38未知谷大樱B. ‘Gu Da Ying’
BB6巴特洒金叶橙Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Jamaica Orange’B39未知迷你沙巴紫B. ‘Mi Ni Sha Ba Zi’
BB7巴特金发女郎Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Blondie’B40未知潮州红B. ‘Chao Zhou Hong’
BB8巴特暗斑夕阳红B.× buttiana Holttum & Standl. ‘Rainbow Orange’B41未知斑叶印度橙粉B. ‘Ban Ye Yin Du Cheng Fen’
BB9巴特巴特夫人Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Mrs Butt’B42未知先明斑水红B. ‘Xian Ming Ban Shui Hong’
BB10巴特洒金叶粉Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Fantasy Pink’B43未知洒金玫红B. ‘Sa Jin Mei Hong’
BB11巴特德克萨斯黎明Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Pink Beauty’B44未知小忍者B. ‘Xiao Ren Zhe’
BB12巴特重瓣黄Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Aussie Gold’B45未知日本丝绸B. ‘Ri Ben Si Chou’
BB13巴特同安红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Miss Manila’B46未知沙斑叶大白B. ‘Sha Ban Ye Da Bai’
BB14巴特金边大红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Raspberry Ice’B47未知蜡染西瓜B. ‘La Ran Xi Gua’
BB15巴特香港丽人Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Hong Kong Beauty’B48未知花仙紫B. ‘Hua Xian Zi’
BB16巴特金边叶樱花Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Double Delight’B49未知暗斑叶白B. ‘An Ban Ye Bai’
BB17巴特绿叶玫红Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Barbara karst’B50未知色利吉皇后B. ‘Se Li Ji Huang Hou’
BB18巴特白蝶Bougainvillea×buttiana ‘Ratana White’
), ArticleFig(id=1276601789952688831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Analysis of the diversity of quantitative characters of 133 Bougainvillea germplasm resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character平均值Average/cm最大值Maximum/cm最小值Minimum/cm极差R/cm标准偏差δ/cm变异系数CV/%
叶片长度6.4910.403.277.131.4021.65
叶片宽度4.337.532.155.381.1125.56
叶柄长度1.203.020.482.530.3630.14
花序长度29.0854.5812.0042.588.7330.01
花序总梗长度3.375.6705.671.1032.59
花冠直径0.741.1801.180.2027.02
花被管长度1.722.7702.770.4626.58
花被管宽度0.270.4504.000.0830.85
苞片长度3.916.231.884.360.7719.61
苞片宽度2.804.161.332.830.6322.40
), ArticleFig(id=1276601790019797696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

133份三角梅种质资源数量性状多样性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character平均值Average/cm最大值Maximum/cm最小值Minimum/cm极差R/cm标准偏差δ/cm变异系数CV/%
叶片长度6.4910.403.277.131.4021.65
叶片宽度4.337.532.155.381.1125.56
叶柄长度1.203.020.482.530.3630.14
花序长度29.0854.5812.0042.588.7330.01
花序总梗长度3.375.6705.671.1032.59
花冠直径0.741.1801.180.2027.02
花被管长度1.722.7702.770.4626.58
花被管宽度0.270.4504.000.0830.85
苞片长度3.916.231.884.360.7719.61
苞片宽度2.804.161.332.830.6322.40
), ArticleFig(id=1276601790095295169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Variation coefficient of quantitative characters of Bougainvillea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状CharacterCV/%
总All光叶B. glabra毛叶B. spectabilis秘鲁B. peruviana巴特Bougainvillea×buttiana极差R平均值μ
叶片长度21.6427.6923.4618.6014.0113.6820.94
叶片宽度25.5625.8225.6815.2720.8210.5521.90
叶柄长度30.1430.5336.6223.1122.1214.5028.09
花序长度30.0141.0425.9129.4025.6615.3830.50
花序总梗长度32.5924.4245.6435.2228.2921.2233.39
花冠直径27.0236.3818.0915.0133.6121.3725.77
花被管长度26.5836.7017.7512.1932.8224.5124.87
花被管宽度30.8537.9525.3412.9938.3225.3328.65
苞片长度19.6119.0627.1913.9510.0917.1017.57
苞片宽度23.4717.8128.8813.4820.1215.4120.07
平均值26.7529.7427.4618.9224.59
), ArticleFig(id=1276601790166598338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同种系三角梅数量性状变异系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状CharacterCV/%
总All光叶B. glabra毛叶B. spectabilis秘鲁B. peruviana巴特Bougainvillea×buttiana极差R平均值μ
叶片长度21.6427.6923.4618.6014.0113.6820.94
叶片宽度25.5625.8225.6815.2720.8210.5521.90
叶柄长度30.1430.5336.6223.1122.1214.5028.09
花序长度30.0141.0425.9129.4025.6615.3830.50
花序总梗长度32.5924.4245.6435.2228.2921.2233.39
花冠直径27.0236.3818.0915.0133.6121.3725.77
花被管长度26.5836.7017.7512.1932.8224.5124.87
花被管宽度30.8537.9525.3412.9938.3225.3328.65
苞片长度19.6119.0627.1913.9510.0917.1017.57
苞片宽度23.4717.8128.8813.4820.1215.4120.07
平均值26.7529.7427.4618.9224.59
), ArticleFig(id=1276601790250484419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Diversity index of quantitative characters of Bougainvillea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character多样性指数H′
总All光叶B. glabra毛叶B. spectabilis秘鲁B. peruviana巴特Bougainvillea×buttiana极差R平均值μ
叶片长度2.091.711.641.862.010.371.80
叶片宽度2.001.801.591.811.870.291.77
叶柄长度1.971.502.081.541.920.591.76
花序长度1.911.741.211.711.840.631.62
花序总梗长度1.961.771.711.591.830.251.73
花冠直径1.691.271.321.621.390.341.40
花被管长度1.691.131.081.861.180.791.31
花被管宽度1.871.301.341.841.590.551.52
苞片长度1.991.811.682.031.960.351.87
苞片宽度2.031.911.771.931.910.171.88
平均值μ/cm1.921.591.541.781.75
), ArticleFig(id=1276601790330176196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同种系三角梅数量性状多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character多样性指数H′
总All光叶B. glabra毛叶B. spectabilis秘鲁B. peruviana巴特Bougainvillea×buttiana极差R平均值μ
叶片长度2.091.711.641.862.010.371.80
叶片宽度2.001.801.591.811.870.291.77
叶柄长度1.971.502.081.541.920.591.76
花序长度1.911.741.211.711.840.631.62
花序总梗长度1.961.771.711.591.830.251.73
花冠直径1.691.271.321.621.390.341.40
花被管长度1.691.131.081.861.180.791.31
花被管宽度1.871.301.341.841.590.551.52
苞片长度1.991.811.682.031.960.351.87
苞片宽度2.031.911.771.931.910.171.88
平均值μ/cm1.921.591.541.781.75
), ArticleFig(id=1276601790409867973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Diversity index of discrete characters of Bougainvillea

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character多样性指数H′
总All光叶B. glabra毛叶B. spectabilis秘鲁B. peruviana巴特Bougainvillea×buttiana极差R平均值μ
植株株型0.860.541.210.240.760.970.69
嫩枝颜色0.930.610.690.861.080.470.81
一年生枝茎刺多少0.480.680.500.240.510.440.48
刺密度1.121.261.060.991.070.271.09
刺弯度0.981.120.730.990.870.390.93
刺粗细0.730.960.730.390.550.560.66
叶片形状1.330.860.990.731.300.570.97
叶尖形状0.440.440.390.390.300.140.38
叶底形状0.960.510.970.990.770.480.81
叶片嫩叶颜色0.980.960.800.671.170.500.90
叶片主要颜色0.970.860.240.640.910.660.66
叶片次色（第二色）1.401.160.240.631.351.100.85
叶片次色分布1.361.410.240.631.421.180.93
叶片第三色0.880.540.240.000.850.850.41
叶片边缘波折程度0.950.680.670.800.920.240.77
叶片触感0.730.940.730.390.760.550.71
主干枝叶片密度0.910.840.930.850.870.090.87
叶柄姿态0.860.860.500.860.790.360.75
花序位置0.840.510.990.850.810.480.79
花序密度0.950.910.670.630.980.360.80
有无星状花0.180.340.000.000.300.340.16
苞片类型0.180.340.000.000.300.340.16
苞片形状0.930.620.490.491.030.550.66
苞片姿态0.560.001.040.500.631.040.54
苞片尖形状0.950.620.630.851.020.390.78
苞片底形状0.490.210.390.240.570.370.35
苞片是否宿存0.690.690.500.670.670.190.63
花冠颜色1.160.510.630.390.840.450.59
真花是否醒目0.380.510.240.390.470.270.40
花被管颜色2.111.841.841.691.970.281.84
花被管被毛0.910.540.670.640.920.380.69
花被管形状1.200.851.010.691.110.410.91
雄蕊位置0.981.121.090.690.560.560.86
幼期（初萌发）苞片主色2.151.661.811.781.880.221.78
初期（花冠微裂）苞片主色2.191.601.811.861.930.331.80
中期（花冠已开）苞片主色1.931.601.841.711.770.241.73
中期（花冠已开）苞片次色0.670.340.490.730.440.390.50
中期（花冠已开）苞片第三色0.170.000.240.240.130.240.16
后期（花冠萎缩）苞片主色2.051.531.681.711.810.281.68
重瓣初期外围苞片内侧主色0.240.340.000.000.400.400.18
重瓣中期外围苞片内侧主色0.250.410.000.000.400.410.20
平均值0.950.790.730.680.91
), ArticleFig(id=1276601790506336966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601522385457477, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同种系三角梅质量性状多样性指数

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性状Character多样性指数H′
总All光叶B. glabra毛叶B. spectabilis秘鲁B. peruviana巴特Bougainvillea×buttiana极差R平均值μ
植株株型0.860.541.210.240.760.970.69
嫩枝颜色0.930.610.690.861.080.470.81
一年生枝茎刺多少0.480.680.500.240.510.440.48
刺密度1.121.261.060.991.070.271.09
刺弯度0.981.120.730.990.870.390.93
刺粗细0.730.960.730.390.550.560.66
叶片形状1.330.860.990.731.300.570.97
叶尖形状0.440.440.390.390.300.140.38
叶底形状0.960.510.970.990.770.480.81
叶片嫩叶颜色0.980.960.800.671.170.500.90
叶片主要颜色0.970.860.240.640.910.660.66
叶片次色（第二色）1.401.160.240.631.351.100.85
叶片次色分布1.361.410.240.631.421.180.93
叶片第三色0.880.540.240.000.850.850.41
叶片边缘波折程度0.950.680.670.800.920.240.77
叶片触感0.730.940.730.390.760.550.71
主干枝叶片密度0.910.840.930.850.870.090.87
叶柄姿态0.860.860.500.860.790.360.75
花序位置0.840.510.990.850.810.480.79
花序密度0.950.910.670.630.980.360.80
有无星状花0.180.340.000.000.300.340.16
苞片类型0.180.340.000.000.300.340.16
苞片形状0.930.620.490.491.030.550.66
苞片姿态0.560.001.040.500.631.040.54
苞片尖形状0.950.620.630.851.020.390.78
苞片底形状0.490.210.390.240.570.370.35
苞片是否宿存0.690.690.500.670.670.190.63
花冠颜色1.160.510.630.390.840.450.59
真花是否醒目0.380.510.240.390.470.270.40
花被管颜色2.111.841.841.691.970.281.84
花被管被毛0.910.540.670.640.920.380.69
花被管形状1.200.851.010.691.110.410.91
雄蕊位置0.981.121.090.690.560.560.86
幼期（初萌发）苞片主色2.151.661.811.781.880.221.78
初期（花冠微裂）苞片主色2.191.601.811.861.930.331.80
中期（花冠已开）苞片主色1.931.601.841.711.770.241.73
中期（花冠已开）苞片次色0.670.340.490.730.440.390.50
中期（花冠已开）苞片第三色0.170.000.240.240.130.240.16
后期（花冠萎缩）苞片主色2.051.531.681.711.810.281.68
重瓣初期外围苞片内侧主色0.240.340.000.000.400.400.18
重瓣中期外围苞片内侧主色0.250.410.000.000.400.410.20
平均值0.950.790.730.680.91
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三角梅主要品种表型性状分析
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郝晓函 1, 3 , 关文灵 1 , 李叶芳 1 , 宋杰 2, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(1): 70-82
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三角梅主要品种表型性状分析
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郝晓函1, 3, 关文灵1, 李叶芳1, 宋杰2, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南农业大学园林园艺学院，云南昆明　650201
  • 2.云南省农业科学院花卉研究所/国家观赏园艺工程技术研究中心/云南省花卉育种重点实验室，云南昆明　650205
  • 3.吉林省种子管理总站，吉林长春　130031
通讯作者:
* 宋杰（SONG Jie），E-mail：。
Phenotypic Character Analysis of the Main Cultivars of Bougainvillea
Xiaohan HAO1, 3, Wenling GUAN1, Yefang LI1, Jie SONG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
  • 2.Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Research Center for Ornamental Horticulture / Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Flower Breeding, Kunming, Yunnan 650205, China
  • 3.Jilin Provincial Seed Management Station, Changchun, Jilin 130031, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.008
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摘要
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三角梅是我国南方重要的木本花卉，品种繁多，但分类比较混乱。本研究以云南引种保存的133个三角梅品种为研究对象，对133个品种的10个数量性状和41个质量性状进行频率分布统计、变异系数计算和多样性指数计算，并进行Q型聚类分析。结果表明：133个三角梅品种多个性状多样性丰富，数量性状的变异系数范围为19.61%~32.59%，平均值为26.64%，花序总梗长度、花被管宽度、叶柄长度、花序长度的变异系数最高，多样性指数范围为1.69~2.09，平均值为1.92，叶片长度、苞片宽度、叶片宽度、苞片长度的多样性指数最高。质量性状多样性指数为0.17~2.19，多样性指数大于1的质量性状有11个，苞片颜色、花被管颜色多样性指数均大于2，多样性丰富。4个种系的三角梅品种中，巴特三角梅数量性状的多样性指数最高，多样性最丰富，其次是秘鲁三角梅、光叶三角梅，毛叶三角梅的多样性指数最小，多样性较小，但不同种系各有优势性状。51个性状中，有22个性状在种系之间呈现出了显著差异性，此22个性状对三角梅品种识别和类群划分具有重要的参考价值。根据苞片类型、枝刺多少、叶片大小进行聚类，133个三角梅品种可聚为重瓣少刺、重瓣多刺、单瓣少刺小叶、单瓣多刺大叶4类。上述研究结果显示，供试133个三角梅品种的表型性状多样性较高，数量性状变异类型丰富，本研究可为三角梅种质资源的系统评价、品种分类和种质创新提供参考。

三角梅  /  变异系数  /  多样性  /  分类指标

Bougainvillea is an important woody ornamental plant in southern China. There are a large number of varieties, but the classification is relatively chaotic. This study took 133 Bougainvillea varieties introduced and preserved in Yunnan as the research object, and conducted frequency distribution statistical analysis, coefficient of variation calculation, and diversity index calculation for 10 quantitative characters and 41 discrete characters. Q-type clustering analysis was also conducted. The results showed that the 133 Bougainvillea varieties had rich diversity in many characters, and the coefficient of variation of quantitative characters ranged from 19.61%–32.59%, with an average of 26.64%. The coefficient of variation of the total flower stem length, calyx tube width, petiole length, and flower length was the highest, and the diversity index ranged from 1.69–2.09, with an average of 1.92. The diversity index of leaf length, bract width, leaf width, and bract length was the highest. The diversity index of discrete characters ranged from 0.17–2.19. There were 11 discrete characters with H′ values greater than 1, and the diversity index of bract color and calyx tube color was both greater than 2. The diversity was rich. Among the four species of Bougainvillea, the diversity index of Bougainvillea×buttiana was the highest, with the richest diversity, followed by B. peruviana, B. glabra, and B. spectabilis, whose diversity index was the lowest, with less diversity. However, each species has its own advantageous characters. Among the 51 characters, 22 characters showed significant difference among species, which were of great reference value for identifying and classifying the varieties of Bougainvillea. Based on the types of bracts, the number of spines, and the size of leaves, 133 B. varieties could be grouped into four categories: double spiny less, double spiny more, single spiny less leaflet, and single spiny large leaflet. The research results show that the phenotypic characters of the 133 B. varieties tested have high diversity, and the quantitative trait variation types are rich. This study could provide scientific basis for systematic evaluation of B. germplasm resources, variety classification, and germplasm innovation.

Bougainvillea  /  coefficient of variation  /  diversity  /  classification indicators
郝晓函, 关文灵, 李叶芳, 宋杰. 三角梅主要品种表型性状分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (1) : 70 -82 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.008
Xiaohan HAO, Wenling GUAN, Yefang LI, Jie SONG. Phenotypic Character Analysis of the Main Cultivars of Bougainvillea[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (1) : 70 -82 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.008
正文
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三角梅又称叶子花、三角花、九重葛、勒杜鹃等，为紫茉莉科（Nyctaginacea）叶子花属（Bougainvillea）灌木状攀援植物[1]。以其花色丰富艳丽、常年开花、开花时间长等特点深受人们喜爱，广泛应用于园林绿化与家庭园艺。三角梅还可以用于生产生物农药、纺织染料、高分子燃料、天然食品保鲜剂等，极具研究意义[2]。
世界上的三角梅原种、栽培种、变种、杂交种多达500个[3-4]。现有的三角梅观赏品种分别来源于3个原生种：光叶三角梅（B. glabra）、毛叶三角梅（B. spectabilis）、秘鲁三角梅（B. peruviana）；3个杂交种：巴特三角梅（Bougainvillea× buttiana）、巴克三角梅（Bougainvillea×spectoperuviana）和拉塔拉三角梅（Bougainvillea×spectoglabra）[4-5]。目前国内引种的三角梅品种有400~500个[4]，但存在分类标准各异、植物学归属不清、命名不规范等问题，同物异名、同名异物等现象较为突出，不利于国际交流的现状[5-8]。植物的表型性状是其自身基因与生存的外部环境共同作用而形成的，是对植物基因的全面表达，相较于其他标记，表型性状更直观、全面[9]。本研究拟对133个三角梅品种进行观测，根据DUS测试指南确定调查测量的51个表型性状，筛选优化三角梅分类评价指标，并对三角梅进行有效评价与分类，为建立完善的三角梅分类和评价体系、培育优良品种和进行资源有效利用提供参考[10-13]。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　材料
供试材料种植于云南为君开园林工程有限公司三角梅种植基地（宜良县），以云南为君开园林工程有限公司引进种植的133个三角梅品种为研究材料，其中包括光叶三角梅品种19个，毛叶三角梅品种15个，秘鲁三角梅品种15个，巴特三角梅品种34个，未知归属种的三角梅品种50个[6]，祥见表1。所选三角梅品种均为生长周期1 a以上的健康植株，叶条、枝条、花等部位生长正常，无病虫害。在盛花期进行数据采集。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　性状选取
根据三角梅DUS测试指南，以花、叶、苞片、刺、枝为主要性状选取方向，确定叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶片长度、花序长度、花序总梗长度、真花直径、花被管长度、花被管宽度、苞片长度、苞片宽度10个数量性状，株型、嫩枝颜色、一年生枝茎刺多少等41个质量性状，共计51个表型性状[13]。
1.2.2　性状测量
10个数量性状采用直尺测量、精度0.01 cm，41个质量性状采用目测观察法并赋值，测量标准见图1与图2。测量时，每份种质观测2株，每株重复3次。数量性状计算平均值，质量性状以多数植株表现的性状类型为准[14]。
1.3　数据处理
使用Excel 2010软件统计性状出现频率和变异系数（CV），并计算数量性状的平均值（μ）、最大值、最小值、极差（R）、标准偏差（δ），根据多样性指数（H′）计算公式和取值方法，有2个变量变异类型数（n）和变异类型分布频率（Pi），n划分为10级，1级为n<μ-2δ，10级n≥μ+2δ，中间每级相差0.5δ，据此计算数量性状多样性指数（H′）[13-15]。质量性状根据各类型分布情况计算多样性指数。使用SPSS 4.0软件进行数据正态性检验、方差分析，绘制小提琴图、箱线图、散点图[15]。基于欧式距离对三角梅品种进行聚类，并绘制聚类图。
2　结果与分析
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2.1　三角梅数量性状的遗传多样性分析
三角梅10个数量性状的CV范围为19.61%~32.59%，平均CV为26.64%，多样性指数（H′）范围为1.69~2.09，平均值为1.92，显示出丰富的多样性。所有品种数量性状的分布、CV和H′见图3、表2、表3。
正态性检验结果表明，三角梅品种的叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄长度、花絮总梗长度、苞片长度、苞片宽度数据均呈正态分布，其余数量性状数据不符合正态分布（图3）。其中苞片长度的数据最集中变幅小，75%的数据集中在3.40~4.35 cm，CV最小，为19.61%。花序总梗长度数据变幅较大，但大部分数据较集中，75%的数据主要集中在2.70~4.15 cm，CV最大，达32.59%（表2）。10个数量性状的多样性指数均较高，叶片长度的H′最高，为2.09，其次为苞片宽度与叶片宽度，H′分别为2.03与2.00，花冠直径与花被管长度的H'相对较低，均为1.69（表4），总体来看，参试三角梅品种在数量性状上具有比较丰富的遗传多样性。
分别计算各种系三角梅的变异系数（表3），结果显示，光叶三角梅的CV平均值大于其余3个观赏种，达29.74%，秘鲁三角梅的CV平均值最小，仅18.92%。花被管宽度在三角梅各观赏种之间的CV差异最大，其中巴特三角梅最大，达38.32%，秘鲁三角梅最小，仅12.99%；参试资源整体的该性状CV也相对较高，表明该性状变异幅度相对较大，变异性相对较丰富。三角梅各观赏种的苞片长度CV均较小，介于10.09%~27.19%之间；叶片宽度、叶片长度、苞片宽度在三角梅各观赏种之间的CV差异相对较小，平均值介于20.07%~21.90%之间。参试资源整体的这些性状CV也相对较低，表明这些性状变异幅度相对较小，变异性相对较弱。
分别计算各种系三角梅数量性状的多样性指数（H′），表4结果显示各观赏种的数量性状H′均较高，秘鲁三角梅的平均H′最大，达1.78，其次是巴特三角梅，为1.75，光叶三角梅和毛叶三角梅的平均H′相对较小，分别为1.59和1.54。对毛叶三角梅H′最大的即叶柄长度进行分析，发现其H′大于其余3个观赏种，达2.08，且CV也较大，对H′最小的即花被管长度进行分析，发现毛叶三角梅H′小于其余3个观赏种，仅1.08，且CV也最小，分析花被管长度数据分布，数据虽范围大，但75%的数据主要集中在1.57~1.95 cm之间，数据分布不均匀（图3），多样性低。各观赏种的苞片宽度、苞片长度、叶片长度H′均较高，平均值介于1.80~1.88之间。花被管长度在各观赏种间差异较大，秘鲁三角梅明显高于其余3种，达1.86。
2.2　三角梅质量性状的多样性分析
三角梅41个质量性状频率分布情况因性状而异，H′范围为0.17~2.19，平均值为0.95，小于1，总体来看质量性状多样性相对于数量性状较差（表5）。其中1<H′<2的性状有7个，H′>2的性状有4个。其中各期苞片主色及花被管颜色H′均较高，H′>2，表现类型丰富，具有最高多样性。
分别计算各种系三角梅质量性状的H′，同资源整体情况相同，4个种系的各期苞片主色与花被管颜色的H′均大于1，巴特三角梅的H′平均值最大，达0.91，有14个性状的H′>1，其中苞片形状、苞片尖形状性状H′>其余3个观赏种且大于资源整体。光叶与毛叶三角梅的H′相近，光叶三角梅有10个性状的H′>1，毛叶有10个。秘鲁三角梅H′平均值最小，仅有5个性状的H′>1，丰富性较弱。
2.3　三角梅各种系差异性分析
进一步对不同种系的51个表型性状作方差分析，多重比较差异性，其中10个数量性状均具有显著差异（图4）。质量性状中叶片形状、叶底形状叶片第三色、叶柄姿态、花序密度、苞片形状、苞片姿态苞片宿存、花冠颜色、花被管形状、雄蕊位置、苞片主色12个性状在各种系间差异显著，可以作为分类依据（图5）。
2.4　三角梅品种聚类分析
为明确三角梅品种在表型性状上的差异，为种质利用尤其是育种亲本选择提供依据，将三角梅的品种作为聚类的样本，基于调查的51个表型性状，采用Q型聚类方法对品种进行解析，反映品种间的相似性与亲缘关系的远近[16]。结果表明133个品种可分为4个聚类组群（图6）。
在欧式距离为20时，将133个三角梅品种分为重瓣类（Ⅰ组）和单瓣类（Ⅱ组）2大类。Ⅰ组包括6个品种，占总体的比例较小，共同特点为苞片重瓣且反卷外翻、花部退化、花序浓密、叶微毛、叶尖渐尖、苞片颜色较丰富。Ⅱ组包括127个品种，占总体比例较大，共同特征为苞片类型单瓣。在欧式距离为16时，Ⅱ组进一步细分为2类，ⅡA组有10个品种，共同特征为叶小叶尖渐尖、真花奶油色且较小、花被管短且纤细，大多数品种枝少刺。ⅡB组有117个品种，大多数品种枝多刺，植株株型扩展，叶片多为中绿色与暗绿色、苞片中卵形心形底、翻卷外翻、真花醒目，花被管、苞片颜色丰富。2组最大区别为枝刺多少。欧式距离为14时，ⅡB组可以细分为2组，分别是ⅡB1与ⅡB2组。ⅡB1组有87个品种，叶片嫩叶颜色多为浅绿色、具微毛，花序多位于顶端，苞片翻卷外翻，颜色多集中在浅粉色、橙色、粉红色系。ⅡB2组有29个品种，叶片多微毛多中绿色与暗绿色，花序密度中等，花被管长度较长，苞片多为心形底、颜色丰富。
3　讨论
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变异系数的大小可直接反映性状的分化程度，一般认为该值大于10%时，变异程度较高，性状差异较大[17]，本研究中的数量性状均大于10%。与沈甲诚等[10]调查的100份三角梅材料研究中所选相同的指标结果对比，其中叶片宽度、苞片宽度与沈甲诚等[10]调查结果相差大，但叶片宽度、苞片宽度的多样性指数基本一致，此外增加了花序长度、花被管宽度2个数量性状，且变异系数较大，变异程度较高。一般认为多样性指数大于1即为多样性程度高[18]，本研究中各数量性状多样性指数介于1.69~2.09之间，质量性状多样性指数介于0.17~2.19之间。整体来看，三角梅数量性状的多样性指数均大于1，具有较高的多样性，质量性状中多样性指数大于1的有11个，三角梅表型性状尤其是主要观赏部位苞片部性状的多样性丰富。4个种系的表型性状多样性具有一定的差异，巴特三角梅的表型性状多样性最丰富，毛叶三角梅的多样性相对较小，但各有其优势性状，可为三角梅种质创新和新品种选育提供理论依据。
根据收集到的83个已知来源的三角梅品种，对83个品种的特征进行仔细比对与鉴定，进而进行分类整理，确定了83个在种系之间呈现出显著差异性的表型性状。与周群等[5]做的中国引栽三角梅属观赏品种的调查与分类结果相比，本研究对三角梅分类依据做了一些补充，在各种系之间，叶柄长度、叶柄姿态、雄蕊位置、真花颜色也存在显著差异。
聚类分析对综合评价亲本、合理利用种质资源等具有重要参考价值。Q型聚类分析表明，全体品种首先被苞片类型聚为重瓣与单瓣2大类，又根据枝刺多少以及叶片大小进行聚类，聚为4小类。供试的133个品种，分为重瓣少刺类（2种），重瓣多刺类（4种），单瓣少刺小叶类（10种），单瓣多刺大叶类（117种）。每个组类均包括来自3~5个种系的品种，聚类分组并未严格按照种系进行划分，未来可结合基于分子标记的遗传分化系数等分析，进一步为分类等研究提供证据支持。
三角梅观赏品种在多个性状具有优势，例如苞片颜色丰富，苞片姿态反卷外翻的品种多，但同时也存在一些不足，例如株型直立的品种少，仅2成左右品种直立或半直立；近一半的三角梅苞片宿存，枯萎后不能自己脱落，影响植株观赏性；重瓣类品种很少，不到1成。今后三角梅新品种培育除注重三角梅的苞片与叶片性状外，对于三角梅的形态特征也要更加关注，对于一些多样性较差的重要观赏性状，以及分布频率较小的性状类型，应加强保护与开发力度[19]。
基金
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  • 云南省重大科技计划专项(202302AE090018)
文献
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2025年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.008
  • 接收时间：2024-07-08
  • 首发时间：2026-06-24
  • 出版时间：2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-07-08
  • 修回日期：2024-07-24
基金
云南省重大科技计划专项(202302AE090018)
作者信息
    1.云南农业大学园林园艺学院，云南昆明　650201
    2.云南省农业科学院花卉研究所/国家观赏园艺工程技术研究中心/云南省花卉育种重点实验室，云南昆明　650205
    3.吉林省种子管理总站，吉林长春　130031

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* 宋杰（SONG Jie），E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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