Article(id=1276601505813762205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723046400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-08, revisedDate=1724947200000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782295117094, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782295117094, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782295117094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782295117094, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276601397818814642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='245', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782295091347, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782295207335, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=212, endPage=221, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276601506270941343, articleId=1276601505813762205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Risk Assessment of Alien Invasive Plants in Urban Green Space in Xinluo District, Longyan, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Xinluo district of Longyan city serves as the political, economic, and cultural center of the western region of Fujian. With the acceleration of urbanization and the close exchange of people and goods with surrounding cities, invasive plants have invaded the local area, posing a serious threat to biological safety. This study aims to assess the prevalence of invasive alien plants in urban green spaces and evaluate the region’s risk awareness and response capacity, thereby informing the development of effective management and control strategies. Field surveys, literature reviews, and the application of the quadrat method were utilized to collect information on alien invasive plants in Xinluo district and construct an invasion risk assessment system. The DPSIR model combined with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was employed to determine the weights of evaluation indicators, and a comprehensive assessment was conducted on the driving forces of invasion, adaptability to the local environment, distribution within the locality, impact on the local area, and response measures of the alien plants. Based on the grading standards and risk values, alien invasive plants were categorized into three invasion levels (from I to III). A total of 65 alien invasive plant species were identified in the urban green spaces of Xinluo district, belonging to 22 families and 52 genera. The Asteraceae family had the highest number of species, accounting for 29.23%, followed by Amaranthaceae (12.31%) and Euphorbiaceae (9.23%). There were five life forms, with annual herbaceous plants being the most prevalent, totaling 32 species and representing 49.23% of the total. Geographically, the Americas were the primary source of these plants, with 48 species accounting for 73.85% of the total. The analysis of invasion pathways revealed that unintentionally introduced plants were the most numerous, with 35 species, constituting 53.85% of the total species count. According to the invasion status assessment results, there were 16 high-risk invasive plants (level III), 18 medium-risk (level II), and 31 low-risk (level I). While there are a considerable number of alien invasive plant species in the urban green spaces of Xinluo district, the overall invasion risk level is relatively low, with most being in the medium to low risk categories (level II and III). It is recommended to focus on the control and prevention of the most harmful species, such as Bidens alba and Erigeron canadensis, based on the risk level.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shuwei LING, Bihua LIN, Guangming RUAN, Zeping CHEN, Yuchen ZHANG, Chen CAI, Kejia LI, Shiqun ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shiqun ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276601507336294566, articleId=1276601505813762205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物风险评估, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

龙岩市新罗区作为闽西地区的政治、经济及文化中心,随着城市化进程的加快,与周边城市人员、货物往来密切,使得外来入侵植物侵入本地,生物安全遭受严重威胁。本研究旨在全面掌握龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物的现状,评估该地区外来入侵植物风险认知与应对能力,以制定有效的防治策略和科学管理体系。通过实地调查、查阅相关文献资料和运用样方法收集新罗区外来入侵植物情况并构建入侵风险评估体系,采用DPSIR模型结合层次分析法(AHP)确定评价指标权重,对外来植物的入侵驱动力、对本地环境适应性、本地分布情况、对本地影响、响应措施进行综合评估,并根据等级划分标准和风险值将外来入侵植物划分为3个入侵等级(Ⅰ~Ⅲ级)。结果表明:新罗区城市绿地共有65种外来入侵植物,隶属22科52属,其中菊科(Asteroideae)植物种数最多,占比为29.23%,其次是苋科(Amaranthaceae,12.31%)和大戟科(Euphorbiaceae,9.23%);生活型共有5种,一年生草本植物最多,共有32种,占比为49.23%;从地理来源来看,美洲是主要来源地,共有48种,占总数的73.85%;分析入侵途径发现,无意引入的植物最多,共35种,占总种数的53.85%;根据入侵现状评估结果,高风险入侵植物(Ⅲ级)有16种、中风险(Ⅱ级)18种、低风险(Ⅰ级)31种。表明新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物种类较多,但入侵风险等级相对不高,多数处于中低风险(Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)。建议根据风险等级对危害程度最大的白花鬼针草(Bidens alba)和小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis)进行重点防控。

, authors=

凌书伟(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:入侵生态学。

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* 郑世群(ZHENG Shiqun),E-mail:
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凌书伟(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:入侵生态学。

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凌书伟(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:入侵生态学。

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of survey quadrats of invasive alien plants in urban green space of Xinluo district, figureFileSmall=/pvMW1c0hZ9nzCPjJvFOXw==, figureFileBig=LJunYPxvQNtqwhAOMf43lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601995087712934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601505813762205, language=CN, label=图1, caption=新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物调查样方分布, figureFileSmall=/pvMW1c0hZ9nzCPjJvFOXw==, figureFileBig=LJunYPxvQNtqwhAOMf43lQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601995167404711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601505813762205, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Species composition of invasive plant families in urban green spaces of Xinluo district, figureFileSmall=7gKdtzmXDD5IS7WrsJwVCw==, figureFileBig=wGg/1FUZslOxX2Oxe3UWPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601995247096488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601505813762205, language=CN, label=图2, caption=新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物科所含物种数, figureFileSmall=7gKdtzmXDD5IS7WrsJwVCw==, figureFileBig=wGg/1FUZslOxX2Oxe3UWPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276601995310011049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601505813762205, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Risk assessment system of alien invasive plants in urban green space of Xinluo district

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标(分值)Primary indicator (score)二级指标(分值)Secondary indicator (score)三级指标(分值)Tertiary indicator (score)
驱动力(D)B1外来入侵植物入侵的驱动力(29)生活型(7)灌木(3)
亚灌木状草本(2)
多年生草本(1)
一年生、二年生草本(1)
草质藤本(0)
花期(4)长花期(>8个月)(2)
中花期(4~8个月)(1)
短花期(<4个月)(1)
繁殖方式(7)种子繁殖与营养繁殖兼具(3)
种子繁殖(2)
营养繁殖(2)
种子繁殖力(3)种子量大且易萌发(2)
种子量一般且易萌发(1)
种子量少,或不易萌发(0)
入侵途径(4)人为有意引入可能性大(2)
自然扩散传入可能性大(2)
传播能力(4)种子可远距离自然传播(3)
种子近距离自然传播(1)
压力(P)B2外来入侵植物对本地环境的适应性(16)抗逆性(对滑坡、泥石流、水涝等逆境的适应能力)(8)能适应多数逆境(5)
能适应少数逆境(2)
不能适应此类逆境(1)
气候适宜度(4)能适宜生长(3)
不太能适宜生长(1)
土壤环境适宜度(4)能适宜生长(3)
不太能适宜生长(1)
状态(S)B3外来入侵植物在本地的分布情况(29)分布密度(7)极其常见(4)
常见(2)
局部形成种群(1)
未形成种群(0)
分布的生境类型(路边荒地、房前屋后、花圃草坪、林下林缘、河边绿地)(16)分布于4~5种生境(8)
分布于2~3种生境(5)
分布于1种生境,或常见于栽培(3)
重要值(6)重要值≥10(3)
7≤重要值<10(1.5)
4≤重要值<7(1)
1≤重要值<4(0.5)
重要值<1(0)
影响(I)B4外来入侵植物对本地造成的影响(17)对生物多样性的影响(4)产生抑制作用(4)
不产生抑制作用(0)
对园林景观的影响(9)影响显著,危害严重(6)
有影响,但造成危害不大(3)
无明显影响(0)
对人畜健康的影响(4)有一定危害(4)
无明显影响(0)
响应(R)B5响应措施(9)防治的可行性(9)无有效防治措施,只能暂时控制(4)
具有有效防治措施,短期效果明显,容易复发(3)
具有有效防治措施,可一次长期清除入侵植物(2)
有药用、饲用、食用、观赏等价值,未采用防治措施(0)
), ArticleFig(id=1276601995372925610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601505813762205, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物风险评估体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
一级指标(分值)Primary indicator (score)二级指标(分值)Secondary indicator (score)三级指标(分值)Tertiary indicator (score)
驱动力(D)B1外来入侵植物入侵的驱动力(29)生活型(7)灌木(3)
亚灌木状草本(2)
多年生草本(1)
一年生、二年生草本(1)
草质藤本(0)
花期(4)长花期(>8个月)(2)
中花期(4~8个月)(1)
短花期(<4个月)(1)
繁殖方式(7)种子繁殖与营养繁殖兼具(3)
种子繁殖(2)
营养繁殖(2)
种子繁殖力(3)种子量大且易萌发(2)
种子量一般且易萌发(1)
种子量少,或不易萌发(0)
入侵途径(4)人为有意引入可能性大(2)
自然扩散传入可能性大(2)
传播能力(4)种子可远距离自然传播(3)
种子近距离自然传播(1)
压力(P)B2外来入侵植物对本地环境的适应性(16)抗逆性(对滑坡、泥石流、水涝等逆境的适应能力)(8)能适应多数逆境(5)
能适应少数逆境(2)
不能适应此类逆境(1)
气候适宜度(4)能适宜生长(3)
不太能适宜生长(1)
土壤环境适宜度(4)能适宜生长(3)
不太能适宜生长(1)
状态(S)B3外来入侵植物在本地的分布情况(29)分布密度(7)极其常见(4)
常见(2)
局部形成种群(1)
未形成种群(0)
分布的生境类型(路边荒地、房前屋后、花圃草坪、林下林缘、河边绿地)(16)分布于4~5种生境(8)
分布于2~3种生境(5)
分布于1种生境,或常见于栽培(3)
重要值(6)重要值≥10(3)
7≤重要值<10(1.5)
4≤重要值<7(1)
1≤重要值<4(0.5)
重要值<1(0)
影响(I)B4外来入侵植物对本地造成的影响(17)对生物多样性的影响(4)产生抑制作用(4)
不产生抑制作用(0)
对园林景观的影响(9)影响显著,危害严重(6)
有影响,但造成危害不大(3)
无明显影响(0)
对人畜健康的影响(4)有一定危害(4)
无明显影响(0)
响应(R)B5响应措施(9)防治的可行性(9)无有效防治措施,只能暂时控制(4)
具有有效防治措施,短期效果明显,容易复发(3)
具有有效防治措施,可一次长期清除入侵植物(2)
有药用、饲用、食用、观赏等价值,未采用防治措施(0)
), ArticleFig(id=1276601995431645867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601505813762205, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Risk assessment results of alien invasive plants in urban green space of Xinluo district

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.物种SpeciesR风险等级Risk grade序号No.物种SpeciesR风险等级Risk grade
1白花鬼针草Bidens alba52.034西洋蒲公英Taraxacum officinale25.0
2小蓬草Erigeron canadensis46.535匍匐大戟Euphorbia prostrata24.5
3苏门白酒草Erigeron sumatrensis43.536三裂叶薯Ipomoea triloba24.5
4红花酢浆草Oxalis corymbosa42.037野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum24.5
5藿香蓟Ageratum conyzoides41.538小叶冷水花Pilea microphylla24.5
6喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides41.539鳢肠Eclipta prostrata23.5
7银合欢Leucaena leucocephala40.540臭荠Lepidium didymum23.5
8假臭草Praxelis clematidea39.541细叶旱芹Cyclospermum leptophyllum23.5
9豚草Ambrosia artemisiifolia39.542通奶草Euphorbia hypericifolia22.5
10牛膝菊Galinsoga parviflora38.543田菁Sesbania cannabina22.0
11大狼耙草Bidens frondosa37.544紫茉莉Mirabilis jalapa21.5
12赛葵Malvastrum coromandelianum37.545苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus21.0
13蓖麻Ricinus communis36.546凹头苋Amaranthus blitum21.0
14南美蟛蜞菊Sphagneticola trilobata35.547风车草Cyperus involucratus21.0
15少花龙葵Solanum americanum35.548银胶菊Parthenium hysterophorus20.5
16垂序商陆Phytolacca americana35.549青葙Celosia argentea20.5
17马缨丹Lantana camara33.550喀西茄Solanum aculeatissimum20.5
18钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum32.551小藜Chenopodium ficifolium20.0
19光荚含羞草Mimosa bimucronata32.552反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus20.0
20金灯藤Cuscuta japonica32.553绿穗苋Amaranthus hybridus20.0
21五爪金龙Ipomoea cairica31.554铺地黍Panicum repens20.0
22野茼蒿Crassocephalum crepidioides30.555象草Pennisetum purpureum20.0
23阿拉伯婆婆纳Veronica persica30.556丝毛雀稗Paspalum urvillei20.0
24猪屎豆Crotalaria pallida30.057苦蘵Physalis angulata20.0
25裸柱菊Soliva anthemifolia29.558Capsella bursa-pastoris20.0
26刺苋Amaranthus spinosus29.559白苞猩猩草Euphorbia heterophylla19.5
27飞扬草Euphorbia hirta29.560蚊母草Veronica peregrina19.5
28南欧大戟Euphorbia peplus29.561黄花稔Sida szechuensis19.5
29北美独行菜Lepidium virginicum29.562飞机草Chromolaena odorata19.0
30薇甘菊Mikania micrantha29.063秋英Cosmos bipinnatus18.5
31落葵薯Anredera cordifolia26.564田野水苏Stachys arvensis18.0
32鹅肠菜Stellaria aquatica26.565南美天胡荽Hydrocotyle verticillata15.0
33土荆芥Dysphania ambrosioides25.5
), ArticleFig(id=1276601995507143340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601505813762205, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物风险评估结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.物种SpeciesR风险等级Risk grade序号No.物种SpeciesR风险等级Risk grade
1白花鬼针草Bidens alba52.034西洋蒲公英Taraxacum officinale25.0
2小蓬草Erigeron canadensis46.535匍匐大戟Euphorbia prostrata24.5
3苏门白酒草Erigeron sumatrensis43.536三裂叶薯Ipomoea triloba24.5
4红花酢浆草Oxalis corymbosa42.037野老鹳草Geranium carolinianum24.5
5藿香蓟Ageratum conyzoides41.538小叶冷水花Pilea microphylla24.5
6喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides41.539鳢肠Eclipta prostrata23.5
7银合欢Leucaena leucocephala40.540臭荠Lepidium didymum23.5
8假臭草Praxelis clematidea39.541细叶旱芹Cyclospermum leptophyllum23.5
9豚草Ambrosia artemisiifolia39.542通奶草Euphorbia hypericifolia22.5
10牛膝菊Galinsoga parviflora38.543田菁Sesbania cannabina22.0
11大狼耙草Bidens frondosa37.544紫茉莉Mirabilis jalapa21.5
12赛葵Malvastrum coromandelianum37.545苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus21.0
13蓖麻Ricinus communis36.546凹头苋Amaranthus blitum21.0
14南美蟛蜞菊Sphagneticola trilobata35.547风车草Cyperus involucratus21.0
15少花龙葵Solanum americanum35.548银胶菊Parthenium hysterophorus20.5
16垂序商陆Phytolacca americana35.549青葙Celosia argentea20.5
17马缨丹Lantana camara33.550喀西茄Solanum aculeatissimum20.5
18钻叶紫菀Symphyotrichum subulatum32.551小藜Chenopodium ficifolium20.0
19光荚含羞草Mimosa bimucronata32.552反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus20.0
20金灯藤Cuscuta japonica32.553绿穗苋Amaranthus hybridus20.0
21五爪金龙Ipomoea cairica31.554铺地黍Panicum repens20.0
22野茼蒿Crassocephalum crepidioides30.555象草Pennisetum purpureum20.0
23阿拉伯婆婆纳Veronica persica30.556丝毛雀稗Paspalum urvillei20.0
24猪屎豆Crotalaria pallida30.057苦蘵Physalis angulata20.0
25裸柱菊Soliva anthemifolia29.558Capsella bursa-pastoris20.0
26刺苋Amaranthus spinosus29.559白苞猩猩草Euphorbia heterophylla19.5
27飞扬草Euphorbia hirta29.560蚊母草Veronica peregrina19.5
28南欧大戟Euphorbia peplus29.561黄花稔Sida szechuensis19.5
29北美独行菜Lepidium virginicum29.562飞机草Chromolaena odorata19.0
30薇甘菊Mikania micrantha29.063秋英Cosmos bipinnatus18.5
31落葵薯Anredera cordifolia26.564田野水苏Stachys arvensis18.0
32鹅肠菜Stellaria aquatica26.565南美天胡荽Hydrocotyle verticillata15.0
33土荆芥Dysphania ambrosioides25.5
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龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物风险评估
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凌书伟 1, 2 , 林碧华 1, 2 , 阮广鸣 3 , 陈泽平 1, 2 , 张雨晨 1, 2 , 蔡晨 1, 2 , 李珂佳 1, 2 , 郑世群 2, 4, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(1): 212-221
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (1) : 212 -221
龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物风险评估
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凌书伟(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:入侵生态学。

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凌书伟(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:入侵生态学。

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凌书伟1, 2, 林碧华1, 2, 阮广鸣3, 陈泽平1, 2, 张雨晨1, 2, 蔡晨1, 2, 李珂佳1, 2, 郑世群2, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1.福建农林大学林学院,福建福州 320002
  • 2.福建农林大学生态与资源统计福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州 320002
  • 3.福建省龙岩市园林绿化中心,福建龙岩 364000
  • 4.福建农林大学菌草与生态学院(碳中和学院),福建福州 320002
通讯作者:
* 郑世群(ZHENG Shiqun),E-mail:
Risk Assessment of Alien Invasive Plants in Urban Green Space in Xinluo District, Longyan
Shuwei LING1, 2, Bihua LIN1, 2, Guangming RUAN3, Zeping CHEN1, 2, Yuchen ZHANG1, 2, Chen CAI1, 2, Kejia LI1, 2, Shiqun ZHENG2, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 320002, China
  • 2.Fujian High Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics, Fuzhou, Fujian 320002, China
  • 3.Longyan Landscaping Center, Longyan, Fujian,364000, China
  • 4.College of Juncao Science and Ecology (College of Carbon Neutrality), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.022
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龙岩市新罗区作为闽西地区的政治、经济及文化中心,随着城市化进程的加快,与周边城市人员、货物往来密切,使得外来入侵植物侵入本地,生物安全遭受严重威胁。本研究旨在全面掌握龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物的现状,评估该地区外来入侵植物风险认知与应对能力,以制定有效的防治策略和科学管理体系。通过实地调查、查阅相关文献资料和运用样方法收集新罗区外来入侵植物情况并构建入侵风险评估体系,采用DPSIR模型结合层次分析法(AHP)确定评价指标权重,对外来植物的入侵驱动力、对本地环境适应性、本地分布情况、对本地影响、响应措施进行综合评估,并根据等级划分标准和风险值将外来入侵植物划分为3个入侵等级(Ⅰ~Ⅲ级)。结果表明:新罗区城市绿地共有65种外来入侵植物,隶属22科52属,其中菊科(Asteroideae)植物种数最多,占比为29.23%,其次是苋科(Amaranthaceae,12.31%)和大戟科(Euphorbiaceae,9.23%);生活型共有5种,一年生草本植物最多,共有32种,占比为49.23%;从地理来源来看,美洲是主要来源地,共有48种,占总数的73.85%;分析入侵途径发现,无意引入的植物最多,共35种,占总种数的53.85%;根据入侵现状评估结果,高风险入侵植物(Ⅲ级)有16种、中风险(Ⅱ级)18种、低风险(Ⅰ级)31种。表明新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物种类较多,但入侵风险等级相对不高,多数处于中低风险(Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)。建议根据风险等级对危害程度最大的白花鬼针草(Bidens alba)和小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis)进行重点防控。

外来入侵植物  /  城市绿地  /  层次分析法(AHP)  /  风险评估  /  新罗区

Xinluo district of Longyan city serves as the political, economic, and cultural center of the western region of Fujian. With the acceleration of urbanization and the close exchange of people and goods with surrounding cities, invasive plants have invaded the local area, posing a serious threat to biological safety. This study aims to assess the prevalence of invasive alien plants in urban green spaces and evaluate the region’s risk awareness and response capacity, thereby informing the development of effective management and control strategies. Field surveys, literature reviews, and the application of the quadrat method were utilized to collect information on alien invasive plants in Xinluo district and construct an invasion risk assessment system. The DPSIR model combined with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was employed to determine the weights of evaluation indicators, and a comprehensive assessment was conducted on the driving forces of invasion, adaptability to the local environment, distribution within the locality, impact on the local area, and response measures of the alien plants. Based on the grading standards and risk values, alien invasive plants were categorized into three invasion levels (from I to III). A total of 65 alien invasive plant species were identified in the urban green spaces of Xinluo district, belonging to 22 families and 52 genera. The Asteraceae family had the highest number of species, accounting for 29.23%, followed by Amaranthaceae (12.31%) and Euphorbiaceae (9.23%). There were five life forms, with annual herbaceous plants being the most prevalent, totaling 32 species and representing 49.23% of the total. Geographically, the Americas were the primary source of these plants, with 48 species accounting for 73.85% of the total. The analysis of invasion pathways revealed that unintentionally introduced plants were the most numerous, with 35 species, constituting 53.85% of the total species count. According to the invasion status assessment results, there were 16 high-risk invasive plants (level III), 18 medium-risk (level II), and 31 low-risk (level I). While there are a considerable number of alien invasive plant species in the urban green spaces of Xinluo district, the overall invasion risk level is relatively low, with most being in the medium to low risk categories (level II and III). It is recommended to focus on the control and prevention of the most harmful species, such as Bidens alba and Erigeron canadensis, based on the risk level.

invasive alien plants  /  urban green space  /  analytic hierarchy process (AHP)  /  risk assessment  /  Xinluo district
凌书伟, 林碧华, 阮广鸣, 陈泽平, 张雨晨, 蔡晨, 李珂佳, 郑世群. 龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物风险评估. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (1) : 212 -221 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.022
Shuwei LING, Bihua LIN, Guangming RUAN, Zeping CHEN, Yuchen ZHANG, Chen CAI, Kejia LI, Shiqun ZHENG. Risk Assessment of Alien Invasive Plants in Urban Green Space in Xinluo District, Longyan[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (1) : 212 -221 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.022
贸易、旅游以及运输的全球化和日益增长的发展趋势加速了生物入侵[1],入侵植物扩散已成为世界性的生态安全问题。外来入侵植物借助当地适宜的水热条件,凭借其极强的生态适应能力、繁殖能力和产生的化感物质,严重危害土著植物的生物多样性[2],从而对当地的农、林、牧业经济和生态环境质量造成巨大损失[3]。据调查统计,我国外来入侵物种已达660余种,年均损失超2000亿元,且危害范围在不断扩大[4]。在全球化发展的大环境下,如何积极应对外来入侵植物的迅速扩散,是入侵生物学研究的重点[5]
世界各地[6]及中国各省(市)[7-8]正在构建外来物种风险评价体系,以有效应对生物入侵带来的威胁。由于外来入侵植物在不同生态系统甚至不同生境的危害状况均有较大差别,适用于某个地域的风险评估指标体系,不一定适合其他地域。因此,有必要依据研究区域的实际情况建立新的入侵风险评估体系。本研究的新罗区位于龙岩市中心地带,是闽西地区的政治、经济及文化中心,同时也是闽粤赣边界的关键交通枢纽和主要物资集散地。随着新罗区城市化进程的加快,与周边城市的经济、贸易、文化等方面的往来活动也越来越频繁,人类的活动加剧了外来入侵植物的传入。
目前,福建各地区城市绿地外来入侵植物的调查研究较少,而关于龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物尚无报道。鉴于此,本研究在全面调查新罗区城市绿地系统外来入侵植物入侵现状的基础上,运用DPSIR模型[9]结合层次分析法(AHP)[10]构建适宜新罗区入侵现状的风险评估指标体系,综合评估外来入侵植物的风险等级,为有关部门今后更科学有效地管控和处理外来入侵植物和制定防治措施提供依据。
新罗区(116°58′02″~117°03′36″E,24°59′57″~25°10′32″N)隶属福建省龙岩市,是闽西政治、经济、文化和交通的中心,是海峡西岸经济区的重要邻海城市,也是闽粤赣边联结“海西”沿海、闽南“金三角”拓展腹地的重要枢纽,陆域总面积2678 km2(中心城市规划区66 km2)。该区地处闽西丘陵地带,全区东西窄,南北长,呈棱形。地势由西北向东南倾斜,四面环山,属戴云山支脉的博平岭山脉,九龙江北溪支流的雁石溪和万安溪呈“Y”字形贯穿全境。土壤类型以红壤分布最大,其次是黄壤。气候类型属低纬度亚热带海洋性季风气候,夏长冬短,春夏湿润多雨。年平均气温16~20 ℃,日照时数1804~2060 h,年平均降水量1500~1900 mm,区域多年平均蒸发量为1706 mm,多年平均相对湿度为25.7%,平均无霜期291 d。
2023年6月对龙岩市新罗区的8个中心街道和3个乡(镇)的外来入侵植物进行全面调查,调查范围主要包括城市公园绿地、广场用地、防护绿地、附属绿地以及区域绿地。每个调查区选取林下、河岸及路边3种生境,随机设置样地进行调查。采用样方法,共设置96个样地(图1)进行城市绿地外来入侵植物的标准样地调查(10 m×10 m),记录样方内所有的乔木、灌木和草本植物种类、株数、盖度、均高、频度、生境特征等参与评估的指标。灌木选用5 m×5 m的样方;在每个调查样地的四角和中心处选用5个1 m×1 m草本样方进行调查。在实地调查的基础上,主要依据《中国外来入侵生物》[11]、《中国外来入侵植物名录》[12]、《中国植物志》[13]和《重点管理外来入侵物种名录》[14]统计分析新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物生活型、原产地、入侵途径等重要信息。
本体系从DPSIR模型中发现一种更为清晰的研究思路,即外来入侵植物在生物学特性驱动下如何在入侵地扎根?同时在入侵地环境压力下会呈现出怎样的状态?随后会造成怎样的危害?最后有关部门对此提出怎样的防控措施?在此基础上,根据实地调查的外来入侵植物生长、繁殖特征以及对生境的影响,参考吴艳霞等[15]的研究方法和指标,确定了5个最为常用的一级指标并结合新罗区实地情况,将一级指标分解为15个二级指标,也增设了“对园林景观的影响”“对人畜健康的影响”等更能反映研究区域特征的评估指标。在完成调查的基础上,参考魏子璐等[16]的评价方法,采用层次分析法(AHP)对各级指标进行两两比较,构建比较矩阵,计算得到层次指标权重值。通过比较矩阵数值的计算,一级指标驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应的权重分别为0.29、0.16、0.29、0.16、0.09;二级指标使用相同的计算方法。对构建的比较矩阵进行一致性检验,确保评价体系的合理性。如果检验结果不满足一致性要求,即随机一致性比率(CR)>0.1,则需要重新调整比较矩阵直到满足一致性要求。设定风险评估体系总分为100分,按照各层级指标权重分配,进而赋予各评估指标相应的量化分值(表1)。通过对三级指标的得分进行汇总,计算得出每种外来入侵植物的总风险值。最终,根据所得风险值(R)的大小将外来入侵植物划分为3个风险等级:Ⅰ类,R≥35,为高风险;Ⅱ类,25≤R<35,为中风险;Ⅰ类,R<25,为低风险。
通过调查统计新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物,结果显示,共有外来入侵植物65种,隶属22科52属。从各科所含的种数来看,数量最多的为菊科(Asteroideae),有19种,占总种数的29.23%;其次为苋科(Amaranthaceae),有8种,占总种数的12.31%;大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)共6种,占总种数的9.23%;豆科(Leguminosae)共有4种,占总种数的6.15%。禾本科(Gramineae)、茄科(Solanaceae)、十字花科(Brassicaceae)以及旋花科(Convolvulaceae)均有3种,分别占总种数的4.62%;只有1种的有唇形科(Lamiaceae)、落葵科(Basellaceae)、牻牛儿苗科(Geraniaceae)、马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)、酢浆草科(Oxalidaceae)等(图2)。
新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物的生活型共有5种,分别为一年生草本、二年生草本、多年生草本、灌木和乔木。一年生草本植物共有32种,所占比例为49.23%;二年生草本有7种,所占比例为10.77%;多年生草本有21种,占总数的32.31%;灌木有4种,所占比例为6.15%;乔木仅1种,所占比例为1.54%。
新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物主要源自美洲,少数种源自欧洲、非洲和亚洲。美洲有48种,占新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物总种数的73.85%;其次是欧洲,有8种,占总种数的12.31%;非洲有5种,占总种数的7.69%;亚洲有4种,占总种数的6.15%。
分布在新罗区的外来入侵物种主要通过“无意引入”“有意引入”和“自然扩散”3种途径进入中国境内[17]。在65种外来入侵植物中,无意引入的植物最多,共35种,占总种数的53.85%;其次是有意引入,共26种,占总种数的40.00%;自然扩散的较少,仅4种,占总种数的6.15%。外来植物在入侵新罗区过程中,人为因素导致的高达61种,占总种数的93.85%。可见,人类有意或无意的干扰活动,是导致新罗区城市绿地外来植物入侵的最主要原因。
采用构建好的风险评估体系,对新罗区城市绿地65种外来入侵植物进行风险评估,评估结果如表2。结果显示,新罗区城市绿地白花鬼针草(Bidens alba)风险值(R)最高,达到了52.0分。根据评价结果,可将该区城市绿地65种外来入侵植物的风险评估结果划分为3个等级。Ⅰ级(高风险),R≥35,共16种,这些种类多数分布广泛,已侵入当地的多种生态系统;Ⅱ级(中风险),25≤R<35,共18种,在该区城市绿地局部分布,对生态系统造成了一定程度的负面影响,并且存在潜在的危害性;Ⅰ级(低风险),R<25,共31种,在该区城市绿地分布范围较小,目前还未对周边的生态环境和社会经济造成危害,但不能确定未来的发展趋势。
新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物种类达65种,其中危害范围大、危害程度较为严重的入侵植物有4种,分别为白花鬼针草(Bidens alba)、小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis)、苏门白酒草(Erigeron sumatrensis)和红花酢浆草(Oxalis corymbosa)。
白花鬼针草具有强烈的化感作用,其种子具有很强的繁殖能力,容易形成大面积单一种群,严重威胁乡土植物的生存[18]。如发生大面积生长,需在盛花期利用人工拔除和化学农药喷洒相结合进行防治;小蓬草可产生大量瘦果,具有较强的表型和基因可塑性来适应新的生长环境,是多食性害虫的中间宿主,应及时铲除或治理[19];苏门白酒草的扩散方式和危害性与小蓬草类似,但其入侵性更强,对城市及公路沿线的绿化带景观造成摧毁性破坏,需及时喷洒除草剂杀灭[20];红花酢浆草是一种用于园林绿化极佳的地被植物,但其繁殖速度快,适应性、抗逆性、再生能力强,对景观效果产生负面影响,已被认为世界恶性杂草之一,应谨慎引种并加强栽种区管理[21]
新罗区城市绿地入侵植物生活型单一,主要为草本植物。一年生和二年生草本植物占比最高,以菊科种数最多,这与厦门市[22]和三明市[23]乃至全国的[24]外来入侵植物的研究结果一致。这可能由于菊科植物多数生命周期短,繁殖能力强,种子产量大,一旦被引入新环境,就能够迅速建立种群,扩张领地[25];多年生草本植物的占比仅次于一年生和二年生草本植物,如南欧大戟(Euphorbia peplus)、飞扬草(Euphorbia hirta)等一些大戟科植物在福建分布较广、经济价值较高,多数种具有药用价值,但也含毒性[26],这些物种能够通过分根、匍匐茎等无性繁殖方式进行快速繁殖,这些特性使得它们能够在新环境中快速建立种群,从而短时间内形成稳定且难以控制的入侵植物。建议对刚入侵且分布较集中的区域,可以通过人工拔除、割除或挖掘根茎等方式清除植株,必要时选择针对性强、对环境影响较小的除草剂,在入侵植物生长的关键时期(如萌发期、苗期)进行喷洒处理。
分析新罗区外来入侵植物的原产地发现,该区原产于美洲的外来入侵植物最多,高达73.85%,该现象与中国外来物种的总体传入来源一致[17]。主要原因是美洲南美大陆丰富的植物多样性,诸多物种具备较强的生态可塑性和广泛的生态适应性[27],这些物种能够借助城市化进程中的南方城市作为潜在的生态入侵通道,通过初期对新环境的适应阶段后,逐步实现入侵;在北美大陆,随着全球气候变暖现象的持续发展,亚热带气候带的北界逐渐向北迁移导致热带植物生长区域的相应北移[28],具有高度适应性和扩散能力的外来植物种类很可能在这一生态变化过程中占据先机;由于北美地区与中国在纬度上的相似性,起源于北美的植物种类能较好适应中国自然环境条件[29],从而为它们在中国的生态入侵和扩散提供了潜在的优势。由于新罗区多数入侵植物源自美洲,今后需谨慎选择引进美洲植物品种。
外来植物在入侵新罗区过程中,人为因素导致的物种高达61种,占总种数的93.85%,自然扩散的较少,仅4种,占总种数的6.15%。本研究实地调查所记录的外来入侵植物种类主要归因于人类活动,尤其是因环境绿化、药用价值、生态修复以及饲料生产等目的而进行的有意识引入。例如,马缨丹(Lantana camara)、南美蟛蜞菊(Sphagneticola trilobata)等因美化环境而被引入[30-31];垂序商陆(Phytolacca americana)、蓖麻(Ricinus communis)等则由于其药用价值而得到引入[32-33];喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)原本作为生态修复或经济效益考虑而进行移植[34]。在人为创造的有利环境下,这些外来植物往往能够在缺乏原有生态竞争压力下高效定殖并迅速扩增种群规模。然而,由于管理和监控措施不到位,此类植物易逸出原定生长区域,进而侵占新的生态位,演变为入侵物种。
许多国家已建立了多种外来植物入侵风险评价体系,如典型的澳大利亚杂草风险评价系统(WRA),该评价系统是由物种生物地理、物种不受欢迎的特征、生物学或生态学特征等方面的一系列问题库构成的[35]。中欧地区的评估非本地植物入侵潜力的等级体系(WG-WRA),该体系根据生物地理、生态和经验等方面对物种进行评分[36]。而DPSIR模型是一个广泛应用于环境风险评估的整体工具,包括外来入侵植物风险评估。它的主要优点是提供了一个全面的框架,涵盖了从驱动因素到管理响应的整个过程,适用于多种环境问题和利益相关者沟通。然而,与前面2种入侵植物风险评估方法相比,DPSIR模型缺乏更详细的风险预测或量化,对某些场景缺乏特异性,可能会限制其评估特定入侵物种的准确性。在应用DPSIR模型时,重要的是要确保该框架适应特定的环境背景,并考虑将其与更有针对性的评估工具相结合。此外,应注意DPSIR模型指标的选择和解释,以避免复杂生态的相互作用过于简单化。
高风险入侵植物(Ⅰ级)具有广泛的分布、强烈的生态适应能力、快速的繁殖特性和显著的化感作用,它们已侵入多种生态系统并对生物多样性和本地植物造成显著抑制。例如,白花鬼针草和小蓬草在新罗区表现出高度的入侵性,对生态环境构成严重威胁。中风险(Ⅱ级)入侵植物在城市绿地局部分布,相比高风险植物,它们的生态适应性和扩散能力较低,但这些植物能在特定条件下迅速繁殖并对生态环境产生影响。例如,刺苋(Amaranthus spinosus)的根系结构强大,能够破坏土壤结构,影响土壤肥力,加剧生态退化[37];阿拉伯婆婆纳(Veronica persica)作为一种田间杂草,其根系能与作物根系竞争并且能成为多种根部病原菌的寄主,这些病原菌通过它传播到其他作物上,对农业生产构成威胁[38]。低风险(Ⅰ级)入侵植物则在该区域的分布范围较小,对周边地区的生态环境造成的破坏有限或近无。然而,这并不意味着可以忽视这些植物,因为它们可能在环境条件变化或人为干扰下转变为更高风险等级的入侵者。例如,银胶菊(Parthenium hysterophorus)具有毒性,能产生大量的种子,对其他植物有较强的化感作用,其植株或花粉能抑制其他作物结果[39];飞机草(Chromolaena odorata)的生长繁殖快速,可通过改变土壤的物理和化学性质,创造对自身有利的土壤环境,已成为全球危害最严重的前100种入侵生物之一[40]
龙岩市新罗区城市绿地外来入侵植物共有65种,隶属22科52属,基本属于草本植物,主要集中在菊科、苋科、大戟科和豆科,其中菊科植物种数最多,有19种。大部分入侵植物生活型多为一年生草本,主要来自美洲,大部分通过人为活动无意引入和园林栽培有意引入。本研究从外来入侵植物的驱动力、压力、状态、影响、响应等方面出发,运用DPSIR模型建立新罗区城市绿地风险评估体系。利用层次分析法对各级指标进行计算并进行风险等级划分,结果显示新罗区城市绿地高风险(Ⅰ级)入侵植物有16种,中风险(Ⅱ级)入侵植物得分有18种,低风险(Ⅰ级)入侵植物有31种。龙岩市新罗区城市绿地入侵物种数量较多,但以低风险植物为主,总体上入侵灾害等级较低。
  • 2023年龙岩城区公园绿地日常维护改造(含应急抢险)工程项目([350801]LYCG[CS]2023015)
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2025年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.022
  • 接收时间:2024-08-08
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-08
  • 修回日期:2024-08-30
基金
2023年龙岩城区公园绿地日常维护改造(含应急抢险)工程项目([350801]LYCG[CS]2023015)
作者信息
    1.福建农林大学林学院,福建福州 320002
    2.福建农林大学生态与资源统计福建省高校重点实验室,福建福州 320002
    3.福建省龙岩市园林绿化中心,福建龙岩 364000
    4.福建农林大学菌草与生态学院(碳中和学院),福建福州 320002

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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