Article(id=1276601400377344504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722873600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-06, revisedDate=1725379200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782295091957, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782295091957, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782295091957, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782295091957, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276601397818814642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='245', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1737734400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782295091347, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782295207335, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276601884408418423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276601397818814642, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=115, endPage=122, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276601400805163514, articleId=1276601400377344504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Reduced Fertilization on Field Propagation Efficiency and Fertilizer Utilization Rate of Disease-free Sugarcane Original Seedlings under Mulched Drip Fertigation System, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The present study investigated the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction patterns on the growth, field propagation efficiency, and fertilizer utilization rate of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings to provide a theoretical basis for the application of mulched drip fertigation, and to identify the optimal pattern for reducing fertilizer in the field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings. Under the condition of drip irrigation management, six different treatments were set: no fertilization (CK0), conventional fertilization (CK1), mulched drip fertigation T100 (fertilizer amount equated with CK1) and T80, T70, T60 (20%, 30% and 40% reduction of the fertilization rate in T100). A comparative analysis was done on the main agronomic traits, total bud count per unit area, propagation efficiency, economic benefit, and nutrient utilization rate during the field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings. The results showed that the two-year average tillering rate in the treatment T100 and T80 was slightly lower than that in CK1. However, significant improvement was observed in the stalk formation rate, the number of buds per plant, and the number of millable stalks compared to CK1 Notably. T100 and T80 exhibited the highest values for the total number of propagation buds, with averages 1.4809 million buds/hm2 and 1.4779 million buds/hm2, respectively in two years, both significantly exceeding the 1.3025 million buds/hm2 in CK1. In contrast, there was no significant difference between T70 and CK1, while T60 had the lowest value of only 1.1705 million buds/hm2. T100 and T80 showed the highest field propagation multiples of original seedlings, reaching 66.64 and 66.50 times, respectively, followed by T70 and CK1 with propagation multiples of 59.61 and 58.61 times, respectively, and T60 had the lowest propagation multiple of 52.67. Compared to CK0 without fertilization, T100 and T80 achieved the highest income increase, reaching 58 200 and 58 700 Yuan/hm2, respectively, followed by T70 with an income increase of 41 900 Yuan/hm2 which was slightly higher than CK1's 38 400 yuan/hm2; T60 had the lowest income increase of only 25 100 Yuan/hm2. Regarding the fertilizer input-output ratio, T80 had the highest ratio of 1∶21.89, significantly exceeding that of 1∶17.36, while CK1 had the lowest ratio of 1∶11.45. Among all the fertilization treatments, CK1 had the lowest utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Furthermore, T80 boasted the highest fertilizer utilization rates, with 51.57% for nitrogen, 27.37% for phosphorus, and 67.45% for potassium in two-year averages, which was 21.21%, 10.37%, and 23.13% higher than those in CK1, respectively. In conclusion, for laterite soil with medium fertility, the mulched drip fertigation pattern T80 performed the best in field propagation efficiency and economic benefits for disease-free sugarcane seedlings.

, authors=null, authorsList=Lishun PENG, Zhengying CAO, Wenwei CAI, Benpeng YANG, Xue YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276601401249759740, articleId=1276601400377344504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=膜下滴灌减量施肥对甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育效率和养分利用率的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究探讨不同膜下滴灌减量施肥模式对甘蔗脱毒原种苗生长、繁育效率及肥料利用率的影响,并分析最佳减量施肥模式,旨在为科学指导甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育过程中滴灌施肥技术的应用提供理论依据。在所有对照和处理均配备膜下滴灌系统并进行水分管理的条件下,以空白对照(CK0)、常规施肥(CK1)为对照,设置1个膜下滴灌施肥处理T100(施肥量同CK1)以及3个膜下滴灌减量施肥处理T80、T70和T60(减量施肥20%、30%和40%),对甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育过程中主要农艺性状、种茎产量、总芽数、繁育效率及养分利用率等指标进行比较分析。研究结果表明:在各项农艺指标中,2022、2023年T100和T80的平均分蘖率略低于CK1,但在成茎率、单株芽数、有效茎数方面较CK1均有显著提升。在繁育总种芽数上,T100和T80最高,年平均分别达到(1480.87×103)/hm2和(1477.87×103)/hm2,显著高于CK1的(1302.50×103)/hm2;T70与CK1间差异不显著;T60最低仅为(1170.53×103)/hm2。在繁育效率方面,原种苗田间繁育倍数T100和T80最高,分别达到66.64倍和66.50倍;其次为T70和CK1,繁育倍数为59.61倍和58.61倍;T60繁育倍数最低,为52.67。在繁育收益方面,相较于CK0,T100和T80收益增幅最高,分别达到5.82和5.87万元/hm2;其次为T70,收益增幅为4.19万元/hm2,略高于CK1(3.84万元/hm2);T60最低,仅为2.51万元/hm2。在肥料投入产出比方面,T80最高,达到1∶21.89,明显高于T100(1∶17.36);CK1最低,为1∶11.45。在肥料利用率方面,所有施肥处理中,氮、磷、钾肥的利用率均为CK1最低。而T80最高,试验平均氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别达到51.57%、27.37%和67.45%,分别较CK1提高了21.21、10.37和23.13个百分点。综上所述,在中等肥力红壤蔗区,采用T80膜下滴灌减量施肥模式,可以同时获得较理想的甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育效率和收益。

, authors=

彭李顺(1980—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:植物营养与甘蔗高产栽培;E-mail:

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2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
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彭李顺(1980—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:植物营养与甘蔗高产栽培;E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Influences of different drip irrigation fertilization formula on seedling growth and nutrient accumulation of sugarcane, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601690287640838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=33, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=彭明戈, journalName=农业与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=彭明戈. 滴灌条件下甘蔗减量施肥对甘蔗养分吸收特性产量及品质的影响[J]. 农业与技术, 2019, 39(3): 33-34., articleTitle=滴灌条件下甘蔗减量施肥对甘蔗养分吸收特性产量及品质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276601690358944007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=33, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=40, authorNames=PENG M G, journalName=Agriculture and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG M G. Effects of reduced fertilization on characteristics of nutrient uptake, yield and quality of sugarcane under drip irrigation[J]. Agriculture and Technology, 2019, 39(3): 33-34. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of reduced fertilization on characteristics of nutrient uptake, yield and quality of sugarcane under drip irrigation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276601685480968413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, awardId=桂科AA22117003, language=CN, fundingSource=广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276601685569048798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, awardId=CARS-170716, language=CN, fundingSource=现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项资金项目(CARS-170716), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276601673967603866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601673975992475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, companyId=1276601673967603866, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Guangxi Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Chongzuo, Guangxi 532199, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601673984381084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, companyId=1276601673967603866, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广西热带农业科学研究院,广西崇左 532199)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276601674059878557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601674072461470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, companyId=1276601674059878557, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601674080850079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, companyId=1276601674059878557, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276601674147958945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601674152153250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, companyId=1276601674147958945, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601674160541859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, companyId=1276601674147958945, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276601674236039332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601674244427941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, companyId=1276601674236039332, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Guangxi Jiuyanghe Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Chongzuo, Guangxi 532199, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276601674257010854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, companyId=1276601674236039332, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广西久洋禾农业科技有限公司,广西崇左 532199)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276601683039883475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Fertilizer amount of each treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment养分施用量Fertilizer amount/(kg·hm–2)
NP2O5K2O
CK0滴灌清水+不施肥000
CK1滴灌清水+常规施肥270135180
T100滴灌施肥不减量270135180
T80滴灌施肥减量20%216108144
T70滴灌施肥减量30%18994.5126
T60滴灌施肥减量40%16281108
), ArticleFig(id=1276601683119575252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各处理的肥料施用量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment养分施用量Fertilizer amount/(kg·hm–2)
NP2O5K2O
CK0滴灌清水+不施肥000
CK1滴灌清水+常规施肥270135180
T100滴灌施肥不减量270135180
T80滴灌施肥减量20%216108144
T70滴灌施肥减量30%18994.5126
T60滴灌施肥减量40%16281108
), ArticleFig(id=1276601684801491157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Main agronomic traits in differentfertilization treatments of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings for field propagation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年度Year处理Treatment成活率Survival rate/%分蘖率Tillering rate/%株高Plant height/m茎径Stalk diameter/mm有效茎数Millable stalk number/(103·hm–2)成茎率Stalk formation rate/%
2022CK098.17±1.61a411.11±21.47c1.63±0.02d20.48±0.21b69.63±1.63d63.24±1.84bc
CK197.67±0.76a582.54±7.27a1.78±0.04ab21.55±0.72a91.48±2.25b62.17±0.86c
T10098.50±0.50a538.10±21.82ab1.84±0.07a21.22±0.63ab96.85±2.97a70.52±4.56ab
T8098.33±1.04a534.92±59.54ab1.82±0.04ab21.23±0.17ab96.30±1.81a70.87±8.15a
T7097.83±0.29a522.22±26.23b1.75±0.07bc21.30±0.98ab90.37±0.85b67.47±3.38abc
T6098.83±0.76a487.30±15.31b1.67±0.01cd21.02±0.38ab84.91±1.40c67.11±2.30abc
2023CK097.83±0.29a430.16±24.44d1.59±0.05d20.99±0.11a73.15±3.31d64.01±0.51b
CK198.67±0.76a601.59±33.78a1.80±0.02ab21.34±0.29a94.91±0.89b62.81±1.72b
T10099.17±0.29a571.43±23.81ab1.84±0.05a21.19±0.45a99.07±1.40a68.50±2.04a
T8098.00±0.50a568.25±26.23ab1.81±0.06ab21.22±1.09a98.52±0.98a68.16±3.38a
T7097.83±1.04a542.86±14.29b1.76±0.06bc21.17±0.99a91.94±2.00b66.36±1.15ab
T6098.50±0.87a493.65±13.75c1.71±0.02c21.31±0.25a84.26±2.36c65.89±3.04ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276601684876988630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同施肥处理甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育主要农艺性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年度Year处理Treatment成活率Survival rate/%分蘖率Tillering rate/%株高Plant height/m茎径Stalk diameter/mm有效茎数Millable stalk number/(103·hm–2)成茎率Stalk formation rate/%
2022CK098.17±1.61a411.11±21.47c1.63±0.02d20.48±0.21b69.63±1.63d63.24±1.84bc
CK197.67±0.76a582.54±7.27a1.78±0.04ab21.55±0.72a91.48±2.25b62.17±0.86c
T10098.50±0.50a538.10±21.82ab1.84±0.07a21.22±0.63ab96.85±2.97a70.52±4.56ab
T8098.33±1.04a534.92±59.54ab1.82±0.04ab21.23±0.17ab96.30±1.81a70.87±8.15a
T7097.83±0.29a522.22±26.23b1.75±0.07bc21.30±0.98ab90.37±0.85b67.47±3.38abc
T6098.83±0.76a487.30±15.31b1.67±0.01cd21.02±0.38ab84.91±1.40c67.11±2.30abc
2023CK097.83±0.29a430.16±24.44d1.59±0.05d20.99±0.11a73.15±3.31d64.01±0.51b
CK198.67±0.76a601.59±33.78a1.80±0.02ab21.34±0.29a94.91±0.89b62.81±1.72b
T10099.17±0.29a571.43±23.81ab1.84±0.05a21.19±0.45a99.07±1.40a68.50±2.04a
T8098.00±0.50a568.25±26.23ab1.81±0.06ab21.22±1.09a98.52±0.98a68.16±3.38a
T7097.83±1.04a542.86±14.29b1.76±0.06bc21.17±0.99a91.94±2.00b66.36±1.15ab
T6098.50±0.87a493.65±13.75c1.71±0.02c21.31±0.25a84.26±2.36c65.89±3.04ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276601684960874711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Seedcane yield and bud number in different fertilization treatmentsof disease-free sugarcane original seedlings for field propagation

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处理Treatment种茎产量Seedcane yield/t/hm2单株芽数Number of buds per plant总芽数Number of buds/(103·hm–2)繁育倍数Expand Propagation multiples
202220232022202320222023平均Mean
CK048.27±1.33d51.91±3.37d12.76±0.27d13.19±0.17d888.53±39.24d964.44±40.90d41.69
CK174.27±5.52ab74.26±2.04ab13.36±0.26cd14.57±0.13b1221.74±30.49bc1383.26±25.47b58.61
T10079.43±8.03a80.57±4.27a14.93±0.34a15.30±0.14a1446.25±74.51a1515.49±24.52a66.64
T8078.70±1.13ab79.18±5.88ab15.12±0.61a15.21±0.38a1456.73±86.30a1499.01±51.23a66.50
T7071.06±4.60b71.86±6.08bc14.56±0.54ab14.50±0.34b1315.58±41.00b1333.68±50.65b59.61
T6062.35±2.71c64.65±2.81c13.96±0.29bc13.72±0.20c1185.45±38.34c1155.60±28.32c52.67
), ArticleFig(id=1276601685036372184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同施肥处理甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育的种茎产量和芽数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment种茎产量Seedcane yield/t/hm2单株芽数Number of buds per plant总芽数Number of buds/(103·hm–2)繁育倍数Expand Propagation multiples
202220232022202320222023平均Mean
CK048.27±1.33d51.91±3.37d12.76±0.27d13.19±0.17d888.53±39.24d964.44±40.90d41.69
CK174.27±5.52ab74.26±2.04ab13.36±0.26cd14.57±0.13b1221.74±30.49bc1383.26±25.47b58.61
T10079.43±8.03a80.57±4.27a14.93±0.34a15.30±0.14a1446.25±74.51a1515.49±24.52a66.64
T8078.70±1.13ab79.18±5.88ab15.12±0.61a15.21±0.38a1456.73±86.30a1499.01±51.23a66.50
T7071.06±4.60b71.86±6.08bc14.56±0.54ab14.50±0.34b1315.58±41.00b1333.68±50.65b59.61
T6062.35±2.71c64.65±2.81c13.96±0.29bc13.72±0.20c1185.45±38.34c1155.60±28.32c52.67
), ArticleFig(id=1276601685103481049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Benefits from field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings with different fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment种茎收益Seedcane income/(万元·hm–2)肥料成本Fertilizer cost/(元·hm–2)相对CK0增加收益Increased benefit compared with CK0/(万元·hm–2)肥料投入产出比Ratio of input to output of fertilizer
2022202320222023平均Mean平均Mean
CK09.87±0.44d10.72±0.45d
CK113.57±0.34bc15.37±0.44b3352.503352.503.841∶11.45
T10016.07±0.83a16.84±0.27a3352.503352.505.821∶17.36
T8016.19±0.96a16.66±0.57a2682.002682.005.871∶21.89
T7014.62±0.46b14.82±0.56b2346.752346.754.191∶17.86
T6013.17±0.43c12.84±0.31c2011.502011.502.511∶12.48
), ArticleFig(id=1276601685174784218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同施肥处理甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育效益

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment种茎收益Seedcane income/(万元·hm–2)肥料成本Fertilizer cost/(元·hm–2)相对CK0增加收益Increased benefit compared with CK0/(万元·hm–2)肥料投入产出比Ratio of input to output of fertilizer
2022202320222023平均Mean平均Mean
CK09.87±0.44d10.72±0.45d
CK113.57±0.34bc15.37±0.44b3352.503352.503.841∶11.45
T10016.07±0.83a16.84±0.27a3352.503352.505.821∶17.36
T8016.19±0.96a16.66±0.57a2682.002682.005.871∶21.89
T7014.62±0.46b14.82±0.56b2346.752346.754.191∶17.86
T6013.17±0.43c12.84±0.31c2011.502011.502.511∶12.48
), ArticleFig(id=1276601685246087387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Utilization rate ofmain nutrients infield propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings with different fertilization treatments

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处理Treatment氮肥Nitrogen fertilizer磷肥Phosphorus fertilizer钾肥Potassium fertilizer
202220232022202320222023
CK129.18±4.08c31.54±3.32d17.46±1.23c16.53±0.94d43.21±5.42c45.42±2.78c
T10044.71±6.75ab49.17±0.98ab24.64±1.94ab25.44±2.24ab62.91±6.54ab66.39±2.57a
T8049.70±0.33a53.43±5.89a27.21±2.30a27.52±2.14a66.78±6.61a68.11±8.98a
T7043.95±5.94ab44.13±5.07bc25.80±2.50a23.69±2.71bc53.99±9.84bc60.56±10.98ab
T6036.94±3.19bc38.74±4.38cd22.12±1.17b21.03±1.50c45.63±5.00c50.19±1.82bc
), ArticleFig(id=1276601685334167772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601400377344504, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同施肥处理甘蔗脱毒种苗田间繁育的主要养分利用率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment氮肥Nitrogen fertilizer磷肥Phosphorus fertilizer钾肥Potassium fertilizer
202220232022202320222023
CK129.18±4.08c31.54±3.32d17.46±1.23c16.53±0.94d43.21±5.42c45.42±2.78c
T10044.71±6.75ab49.17±0.98ab24.64±1.94ab25.44±2.24ab62.91±6.54ab66.39±2.57a
T8049.70±0.33a53.43±5.89a27.21±2.30a27.52±2.14a66.78±6.61a68.11±8.98a
T7043.95±5.94ab44.13±5.07bc25.80±2.50a23.69±2.71bc53.99±9.84bc60.56±10.98ab
T6036.94±3.19bc38.74±4.38cd22.12±1.17b21.03±1.50c45.63±5.00c50.19±1.82bc
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膜下滴灌减量施肥对甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育效率和养分利用率的影响
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彭李顺 1, 2, 3 , 曹峥英 2, 3 , 蔡文伟 2, 3 , 杨本鹏 2, 3 , 杨学 4
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(1): 115-122
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (1) : 115 -122
膜下滴灌减量施肥对甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育效率和养分利用率的影响
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彭李顺1, 2, 3 , 曹峥英2, 3, 蔡文伟2, 3, 杨本鹏2, 3, 杨学4
作者信息
  • 1.广西热带农业科学研究院,广西崇左 532199
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024
  • 4.广西久洋禾农业科技有限公司,广西崇左 532199
Effects of Reduced Fertilization on Field Propagation Efficiency and Fertilizer Utilization Rate of Disease-free Sugarcane Original Seedlings under Mulched Drip Fertigation System
Lishun PENG1, 2, 3 , Zhengying CAO2, 3, Wenwei CAI2, 3, Benpeng YANG2, 3, Xue YANG4
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangxi Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Chongzuo, Guangxi 532199, China
  • 2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
  • 4.Guangxi Jiuyanghe Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Chongzuo, Guangxi 532199, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.012
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本研究探讨不同膜下滴灌减量施肥模式对甘蔗脱毒原种苗生长、繁育效率及肥料利用率的影响,并分析最佳减量施肥模式,旨在为科学指导甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育过程中滴灌施肥技术的应用提供理论依据。在所有对照和处理均配备膜下滴灌系统并进行水分管理的条件下,以空白对照(CK0)、常规施肥(CK1)为对照,设置1个膜下滴灌施肥处理T100(施肥量同CK1)以及3个膜下滴灌减量施肥处理T80、T70和T60(减量施肥20%、30%和40%),对甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育过程中主要农艺性状、种茎产量、总芽数、繁育效率及养分利用率等指标进行比较分析。研究结果表明:在各项农艺指标中,2022、2023年T100和T80的平均分蘖率略低于CK1,但在成茎率、单株芽数、有效茎数方面较CK1均有显著提升。在繁育总种芽数上,T100和T80最高,年平均分别达到(1480.87×103)/hm2和(1477.87×103)/hm2,显著高于CK1的(1302.50×103)/hm2;T70与CK1间差异不显著;T60最低仅为(1170.53×103)/hm2。在繁育效率方面,原种苗田间繁育倍数T100和T80最高,分别达到66.64倍和66.50倍;其次为T70和CK1,繁育倍数为59.61倍和58.61倍;T60繁育倍数最低,为52.67。在繁育收益方面,相较于CK0,T100和T80收益增幅最高,分别达到5.82和5.87万元/hm2;其次为T70,收益增幅为4.19万元/hm2,略高于CK1(3.84万元/hm2);T60最低,仅为2.51万元/hm2。在肥料投入产出比方面,T80最高,达到1∶21.89,明显高于T100(1∶17.36);CK1最低,为1∶11.45。在肥料利用率方面,所有施肥处理中,氮、磷、钾肥的利用率均为CK1最低。而T80最高,试验平均氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别达到51.57%、27.37%和67.45%,分别较CK1提高了21.21、10.37和23.13个百分点。综上所述,在中等肥力红壤蔗区,采用T80膜下滴灌减量施肥模式,可以同时获得较理想的甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育效率和收益。

甘蔗脱毒种苗  /  膜下滴灌施肥  /  化肥减施  /  繁育效率  /  养分利用率

The present study investigated the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction patterns on the growth, field propagation efficiency, and fertilizer utilization rate of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings to provide a theoretical basis for the application of mulched drip fertigation, and to identify the optimal pattern for reducing fertilizer in the field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings. Under the condition of drip irrigation management, six different treatments were set: no fertilization (CK0), conventional fertilization (CK1), mulched drip fertigation T100 (fertilizer amount equated with CK1) and T80, T70, T60 (20%, 30% and 40% reduction of the fertilization rate in T100). A comparative analysis was done on the main agronomic traits, total bud count per unit area, propagation efficiency, economic benefit, and nutrient utilization rate during the field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings. The results showed that the two-year average tillering rate in the treatment T100 and T80 was slightly lower than that in CK1. However, significant improvement was observed in the stalk formation rate, the number of buds per plant, and the number of millable stalks compared to CK1 Notably. T100 and T80 exhibited the highest values for the total number of propagation buds, with averages 1.4809 million buds/hm2 and 1.4779 million buds/hm2, respectively in two years, both significantly exceeding the 1.3025 million buds/hm2 in CK1. In contrast, there was no significant difference between T70 and CK1, while T60 had the lowest value of only 1.1705 million buds/hm2. T100 and T80 showed the highest field propagation multiples of original seedlings, reaching 66.64 and 66.50 times, respectively, followed by T70 and CK1 with propagation multiples of 59.61 and 58.61 times, respectively, and T60 had the lowest propagation multiple of 52.67. Compared to CK0 without fertilization, T100 and T80 achieved the highest income increase, reaching 58 200 and 58 700 Yuan/hm2, respectively, followed by T70 with an income increase of 41 900 Yuan/hm2 which was slightly higher than CK1's 38 400 yuan/hm2; T60 had the lowest income increase of only 25 100 Yuan/hm2. Regarding the fertilizer input-output ratio, T80 had the highest ratio of 1∶21.89, significantly exceeding that of 1∶17.36, while CK1 had the lowest ratio of 1∶11.45. Among all the fertilization treatments, CK1 had the lowest utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Furthermore, T80 boasted the highest fertilizer utilization rates, with 51.57% for nitrogen, 27.37% for phosphorus, and 67.45% for potassium in two-year averages, which was 21.21%, 10.37%, and 23.13% higher than those in CK1, respectively. In conclusion, for laterite soil with medium fertility, the mulched drip fertigation pattern T80 performed the best in field propagation efficiency and economic benefits for disease-free sugarcane seedlings.

disease-free sugarcane original seedlings  /  mulched drip fertigation  /  reduction fertilization  /  propagation efficiency  /  fertilizer utilization rate
彭李顺, 曹峥英, 蔡文伟, 杨本鹏, 杨学. 膜下滴灌减量施肥对甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育效率和养分利用率的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (1) : 115 -122 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.012
Lishun PENG, Zhengying CAO, Wenwei CAI, Benpeng YANG, Xue YANG. Effects of Reduced Fertilization on Field Propagation Efficiency and Fertilizer Utilization Rate of Disease-free Sugarcane Original Seedlings under Mulched Drip Fertigation System[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (1) : 115 -122 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.012
甘蔗是我国最重要的糖料作物,种植面积常年在120万hm2以上,也是我国热带、亚热带地区第一大经济作物[1-2]。作为使用蔗茎腋芽进行无性繁殖的作物,长期使用自留种或常规繁育种苗种植,极易通过种苗传播导致宿根矮化病、甘蔗花叶病等多种病原物积累,反复侵染蔗株,造成产量、蔗糖分下降,宿根年限缩短以及种性退化[3-4]。通过恒温热处理结合腋芽分生组织培养方法培育的甘蔗脱毒健康种苗可有效抑制这些病害发生[5-7],同时较常规种苗具有分蘖率高、产量高、宿根性好、用种量少等特点[8-10]。因此,推广种植甘蔗脱毒健康种苗是目前防止种苗带病传播和优良品种种性退化,以及促进甘蔗生产提质增效最为经济有效的措施。
甘蔗脱毒健康种苗推广种植离不开种苗高效经济田间繁育技术,其中由脱毒原种苗到脱毒健康种茎的田间繁育过程是最重要的环节之一[11]。甘蔗脱毒原种苗具有生长速度快、分蘖率高的特点,在近6个月的田间繁育生物量高速累积过程中,水肥及时合理供给至关重要,其与种苗成活率、种苗质量、繁育效率和经济性密切相关[12-13],是甘蔗脱毒健康种苗规模化繁育技术关键环节。目前,在水分管理环节,由于甘蔗脱毒原种苗移栽大田后,存在根系生长和植株扩展适应期,在规模化繁育过程中普遍均会配备膜下滴灌系统进行水分补给以保证种苗移栽后成活率[11,13]。同时,近期针对甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育过程中各时期水分需求规律的研究,也可为生产上合理的水分滴灌供给提供参考[14]。然而,在原种苗田间规模化繁育的养分管理方面,尽管普遍配备了滴灌设施,但目前仍然主要参照原料蔗常规施肥方法,即在移栽种植前沟施基肥,然后在拔节初期结合中耕培土追肥。相对滴灌施肥,常规施肥普遍存在肥料供给与植株养分需求不匹配、肥料利用率低、浪费严重以及产量品质提升困难等诸多问题。
目前,在原料蔗生产上,滴灌施肥技术已被广泛研究和应用,多项研究表明,滴灌施肥可以明显提高肥料利用率、促进产量与蔗糖分提升[15-18]。然而,关于甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育过程中滴灌施肥技术研究与应用仍鲜有报道。同时,与原料蔗强调产量和蔗糖分不同,甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育更注重种苗质量、种芽数量及繁育效率,必然导致二者在养分管理方面存在较大差异。因此,本研究在前期对甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育过程中不同生长时期氮、磷、钾元素的养分吸收累积规律系统分析的基础上[19],以不施肥、常规施肥处理为对照,同时设置4个不同施肥量的膜下滴灌施肥处理,分析膜下滴灌减量施肥对甘蔗脱毒原种苗在田间繁育过程中主要农艺性状、种茎产量、种芽数量、繁育效率、经济效益及养分利用率等指标的影响,研究膜下滴灌条件下适宜甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育最佳施肥模式,以期为甘蔗脱毒原种苗高效繁育和化肥减施增效提供科学依据。
供试甘蔗品种为中糖3号,由中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所选育,并培育其相应脱毒原种苗用于本试验。试验分别于2022—2023年在广西壮族自治区崇左市扶绥县昌平乡国家甘蔗脱毒健康种苗繁育基地(22°42ʹ34.934ʺN;107°54ʹ28.422ʺE)进行。试验地块土壤类型为赤红壤,pH 4.9,有机质为12.5 g/kg,碱解氮为111.5 mg/kg、有效磷为26.8 mg/kg、速效钾为105.2 mg/kg。
田间试验分2022、2023年开展,第1年试验于2022年6月10日将在温室大棚炼苗后的甘蔗脱毒原种苗先移栽至苗圃地进行穴盘假植,待80%以上种苗生长至1心6~8叶时,于2022年7月5日再移栽种植至大田,最后于2023年1月10日收获;第2年试验于2023年6月15日进行甘蔗脱毒种苗穴盘移栽假植,2023年7月10日移栽至大田,2024年1月15日收获。
2022、2023年试验均配备膜下滴灌设施,并采用大小行种植,大行距为1.4 m,小行距为0.4 m,株距为0.5 m,每公顷移栽种植甘蔗脱毒原种苗22 222株。试验共设置6个处理:(1)CK0,膜下滴灌清水+不施肥;(2)CK1,膜下滴灌清水+常规施肥;(3)T100,膜下滴灌施肥;(4)T80,膜下滴灌施肥减量20%;(5)T70,膜下滴灌施肥减量30%;(6)T60,膜下滴灌施肥减量40%。各处理施肥量见表1。每个处理均设置3个重复小区,每个小区宽9 m(包含1.4 m大行和0.4 m小行各5行,共10行甘蔗),行长50 m,单个小区面积为450 m2
CK1常规施肥分2次施用,基肥在移栽种植前在种植沟施用肥料总量的40%,追肥在拔节初期结合中耕培土施用剩余60%肥料。其余膜下滴灌施肥各处理采用膜下滴灌方式施肥,使用滴孔间距为0.2 m的贴片式滴灌带,铺设在相距0.4 m的小行中间,同时使用厚度为0.01 mm、宽度为0.8 m的透明地膜完全覆盖相距0.4 m的2个小行甘蔗,每条滴灌带负责2行甘蔗种苗的水肥膜下滴灌供给。滴灌施肥时将肥料放入罐装容器中溶解,再随水滴灌施用。滴灌施肥各处理水肥分5次施用,分别在移栽种植完成后10 d施用肥料总量10%,分蘖完成50%时再施用15%,然后在拔节期至收获期分3次施用,每次施用25%。所有处理水分管理均根据土壤墒情进行同步水分膜下滴灌补水,其余病虫草害均同常规管理。
在甘蔗脱毒原种苗移栽种植10 d后和分蘖后期分别调查各处理小区种苗的成活率和分蘖率。甘蔗种苗收获时,在各处理小区连续调查20株甘蔗种苗株高、茎径、单株芽数。然后,调查和砍收每个小区中间6行,30 m区域内的甘蔗株数和重量,并计算公顷有效茎数、总芽数、种茎产量及繁育倍数。
同时,在每个处理小区随机取5株生长正常的甘蔗种苗,用自来水洗净,并用蒸馏水冲洗后,分成青叶+蔗尾、枯叶、蔗茎3个部位,于105 ℃杀青30 min,然后70 ℃烘干称重,粉碎过筛,用于后续氮、磷、钾元素含量的测定。全氮含量用凯氏定氮法测定,全磷含量用钼锑抗比色法测定,全钾含量用火焰光度计法测定。
肥料利用效率参照下列公式计算:肥料利用率=(施肥处理种苗吸收养分量-不施肥处理种苗吸收养分量)/施肥量×100%。其中:养分吸收量=种茎干物质重×种茎养分含量+(青叶+蔗尾)干物质重×(青叶+蔗尾)养分含量+枯叶干重×枯叶养分含量。肥料成本中,纯N 5.4元/kg,P2O5 6.3元/kg,K2O 5.8元/kg;蔗种收益为蔗种产值减去采收成本,其中蔗种产值按照蔗芽数量计算,后续甘蔗脱毒种茎种植按照67 500芽/hm2,种茎价格为9000元/hm2,即单芽产值1333.3元/万芽,采收成本(田间采收后砍成双芽段)约为222.2元/万芽,蔗种收益约为1111.1元/万芽。
采用Excel 2019等软件对数据进行处理,采用DPS 15.1软件进行单因素方差分析。
表2可知,2022、2023年,各处理下的原种苗移栽至大田的成活率均在97.5%以上,且无显著差异。由于所有处理均安装滴灌设施并及时进行了水分滴灌管理,因此确保了各处理移栽后原种苗的高成活率。在分蘖率方面,CK1分蘖率最高,2022、2023年分蘖率分别达到582.54%和601.59%,但与T100和T80无显著差异。随着施肥量进一步减少,分蘖率开始呈现下降趋势,2022、2023年T70和T60处理分蘖率已显著低于CK1,且2023年T60处理分蘖率相对于T70进一步显著下降。这表明在分蘖期肥料充分供给对于原种苗维持较高分蘖率至关重要。
在株高方面,CK0与2022年的T60之间差异不显著,其余均显著低于其他施肥处理。在各施肥处理之间,T100、T80处理与CK1之间差异不显著,但随着施肥量减少,T70和T60处理的株高呈现下降趋势。其中,T70处理株高显著低于T100,T60处理株高相较于CK1和T100、T80处理均出现显著下降。在蔗株茎径方面,各处理间相对差异较小,且均能满足茎径不小于20 mm的种茎质量要求。2022年,仅CK0与CK1在茎径上差异显著,其他施肥处理之间差异不显著。2023年,所有处理之间茎径差异均不显著。
在有效茎数方面,2022、2023年变化趋势基本一致,均为CK0最低,显著低于其他施肥处理。与CK1相比,T100和T80处理有效茎数均显著增加,但二者之间差异不显著。随着施肥量逐步减少,T70处理的有效茎数与CK1之间差异不显著,T60处理则表现为显著下降。
在成茎率方面,2022、2023年均显示分蘖率最高的CK1的成茎率却最低,分别为62.17%和62.81%,与分蘖率最低的CK0的成茎率相当。进一步比较发现,2022、2023年均为T100和T80处理的成茎率最高,且显著高于CK1,分别提高了8.50和5.52个百分点。相比之下,T70和T60处理的成茎率略高于CK1,差异不显著。
表3可知,在脱毒种茎产量方面,2022、2023年均为CK0最低,显著低于其他施肥处理。T100处理脱毒种茎产量最高,分别达到79.43、80.57 t/hm2,显著高于T70和T60处理,但与CK1及T80间无显著差异。
在单株芽数方面,2023年CK1的单株芽数比2022年多1.21,且显著大于T60和CK0,2022年CK1单株芽数则与T60和CK0之间均差异不显著。而在各滴灌施肥处理中,2022、2023年均为T100和T80处理单株芽数最高。除2022年T100处理单株芽数达到14.93以外,其余均在15以上。随着滴灌施肥量继续减少,单株芽数也呈现持续减少的趋势。其中,2023年的T70处理以及2022、2023年的T60处理单株芽数均显著低于T100和T80处理。
在总芽数方面,2022、2023年均为T100和T80处理总芽数最多,均达到(1400×103)/hm2以上,且显著高于其他处理。随着施肥量减少,T70和T60处理总芽数呈现显著下降趋势,CK1总芽数与T70较为接近,但显著高于T60处理。CK0总芽数最少,均在(1000×103)/hm2以下,且显著低于其他处理。
在繁育效率方面,对2022、2023年单位面积内原种苗繁育种芽倍数进行计算。结果显示,原种苗田间繁育倍数T100和T80表现最为突出,分别达到66.64倍和66.50倍。其次为T70和CK1,繁育倍数分别为59.61倍和58.61倍。当减量施肥40%时,T60繁育倍数下降至52.67倍。相比之下,CK0繁育倍数最低,仅为41.69倍。
表4可以看出,在去除脱毒种茎采收和双芽段种茎制作等成本后,T100和T80处理的种茎收益最高,均超过16万元/hm2,显著高于其他处理。在去除肥料成本之后,与CK0相比,各施肥处理收益均显著增加。其中,T80处理的收益增幅最大,达到5.87万元/hm2;T100处理收益增幅略低于T80处理,为5.82万元/hm2;其次为T70、CK1处理,分别达到4.19、3.84万元/hm2;T60处理最低,为2.51万元/hm2。在投入产出比方面,T80处理的比例最高,达到1∶21.89,CK1的比例最低,为1∶11.45。
表5可知,2022、2023年T100、T80、T70处理的氮、磷、钾肥利用率均显著高于CK1,T60除磷肥利用率仍显著高于CK1,氮、钾肥利用率与CK1无显著差异。总体而言,在滴灌施肥各处理中,T80处理的氮、磷、钾肥的2022、2023年平均利用率均为最高,分别达到51.57%、27.37%、67.45%,相较于CK1,分别提高了21.21、10.37、23.13个百分点。
与原料蔗生产周期长达1 a,收获时对单位面积蔗茎产量和蔗糖分含量有着更高要求不同,甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育生产周期通常为6~7个月,在种茎采收时,需要更多地对侧芽活力、单位面积种芽数量、繁育效率等指标进行综合考虑。对于种茎侧芽活力,通常要求采收时单株种茎侧芽数量不超过15,以确保基部芽眼保持饱满、新鲜状态,并具有较强的萌发能力[11]。在本研究中,采收时,各处理单株种茎平均侧芽数量介于12.76~15.30之间,这意味着收获的种芽活力基本都能够得到保证。同时,T100和T80单株芽数均显著高于CK1,T70和T60的单株芽数较CK1无显著差异、甚至显著减少。这表明,在保证充足肥料供给条件下,相较于常规施肥,采用少量多次的滴灌施肥方式可以有效促进种苗拔节后的快速生长,从而获得更多茎节和种芽。
除单株芽数外,有效茎数是决定单位面积总芽数和繁育效率的另一关键指标。单位面积有效茎数由各处理种苗成活率、分蘖率和成茎率共同决定。由于配套水分滴灌系统,所有处理移栽种苗均保持了97.5%以上的高成活率。同时,原种苗具有分蘖快和分蘖率高的特性,移栽后通常在30 d内即可完成分蘖并进入拔节期,前期养分供给量较多(占总施肥量40%的基肥)的CK1平均分蘖率达到592.05%。除T60外,其余滴灌施肥处理的分蘖率也均在520%以上,已可为后期拔节生长提供足够分蘖苗。因此,成茎率成为决定有效茎数、总芽数和繁育效率的关键。本研究中,T100和T80的平均成茎率最高,达到69.5%,高CK1近7个百分点,最终在有效茎数、总芽数和繁育效率上均显著高于CK1。这可能是由于滴灌施肥将75%的肥料在分蘖完成后分多次施用,同时通过水肥融合作用,促进拔节期养分吸收量增加,进而提升成茎率和有效茎数。多个在原料蔗中研究也证实,滴灌施肥少量多次的施肥方式可显著增加在甘蔗茎伸长期主要养分吸收和累积量,进而促进蔗茎单位面积数量和产量提升[20-22]
在甘蔗脱毒原种苗的田间繁育效益方面,由于前期原种苗的培育成本和后期田间移栽种植的管理成本均显著高于常规种苗的繁育成本,同时繁育出的脱毒种茎具有更强的侧芽萌发和分蘖能力,使得种植时可以大幅减少用种量。因此,采用计算单位面积内种植种芽数量的方式替代单纯使用种茎重量的方式会更为合理。目前,在普遍采用大小行机械化种植的条件下,如大行距为1.4 m,小行距为0.4 m时,每公顷种植33 750双芽段(即67 500芽)即可满足种植需要。每公顷所需脱毒种苗的销售价格约为9000元,这与目前广西区政府对于甘蔗脱毒种苗种植补贴的标准基本一致。在本研究中,去除脱毒种苗采收和肥料成本后,相较于CK0,T80的种茎收益增幅最高,达到5.87万元/hm2,T100的收益增幅与之接近,为5.82万元/hm2。在肥料投入产出比方面,T80依然表现最佳,达到1∶21.89,这一比例明显高于T100的1:17.36。同时,所有采用滴灌施肥处理的肥料投入产出比均高于CK1。这些结果充分表明,在种苗繁育过程中,采用滴灌施肥方法相较于常规施肥方法能够显著提高肥料的生产效益。其中,减量20%的T80施肥模式在当前条件下是相对效率最高的施用模式。
同样,在肥料利用率的分析中也得到了验证。在所有施肥处理中,CK1的氮、磷、钾肥平均利用率均最低,而T80肥料利用率最高,较CK1分别提高了21.21、10.37和23.13个百分点。究其原因,膜下滴灌施肥技术除了通过地膜覆盖和少量多次施肥方式,有效减少了肥料的挥发和淋失,同时提高了成茎率并减少无效分蘖,从而避免了无效分蘖苗对养分的过度消耗,进而提升肥料利用率。相比之下,CK1由于具有最高的分蘖率和最低的成茎率,导致其肥料利用率偏低。而T80则具有相对均衡的分蘖率和最高的成茎率,这是其实现高肥料利用率的关键因素。此外,由于原种苗本身具有高分蘖的特性,其后期成茎率普遍不高,即便是T80的平均成茎率也仅在70%左右。今后,可进一步利用膜下滴灌系统对甘蔗脱毒原种苗在不同阶段的施肥量进行精准调控,以平衡繁育过程中的分蘖和成茎关系,提高最终成茎率,进而提升肥料利用率和最终种苗繁育效率。
  • 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117003)
  • 现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项资金项目(CARS-170716)
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2025年第46卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.01.012
  • 接收时间:2024-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-06
  • 修回日期:2024-09-04
基金
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117003)
现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项资金项目(CARS-170716)
作者信息
    1.广西热带农业科学研究院,广西崇左 532199
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024
    4.广西久洋禾农业科技有限公司,广西崇左 532199
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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