Article(id=1276601064384237814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686067200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-07, revisedDate=1688054400000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782295011850, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782295011850, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782295011850, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782295011850, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276600957765021779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1095', pageEnd='1302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1719244800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294986430, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782348406834, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276825019267285043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276825019271479348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1095, endPage=1101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276601064904331514, articleId=1276601064384237814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Subcellular Localization and Multimerization Analyses of HbPIP1;4, a PIP Aquaporin from Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), which belong to the aquaporin (AQP) family within the major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily, are known for the high water transport activity at the cell membrane. The subfamily is highly conservative and only includes two phylogenetic groups named PIP1 and PIP2. Natural rubber, an important industrial raw material and strategic material, is mainly derived from Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), a big tree originated in the Amazon basin of South America. As a special tissue for rubber synthesis and storage, the laticiferous cells possess no plasmodesmata with neighboring parenchyma cells, and the water balance is mainly mediated by PIP aquaporins. In previous studies, a highly abundant PIP gene denoted HbPIP1;4 was identified, however, no detectable water transport activity was found when heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, which may be due to its inability to localize to the cell membrane. To uncover the acting site and multimerization features of HbPIP1;4 in vivo, recombinant plasmids pNC-Cam1304-SubN-HbPIP1;4, pNC-BiFC-ECN-HbPIP1;4, and pNC-BiFC-ENN-HbPIP1;4 for subcellular localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) were successfully constructed. Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformed with above recombinant plasmids were used to infiltrate tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), and transiently transformed leaves were subsequently checked using laser confocal microscopy. Compared with wide distribution of fluorescence signals throughout the cell for the control pNC-Cam1304-SubN, signals of pNC-Cam1304-GFP-HbPIP1;4 were restricted to the cell membrane, supporting the plasma membrane localization of HbPIP1;4, which is consistent with the bioinformatics prediction. The result was further supported by the BiFC analysis, which also implied that HbPIP1;4 could form homomultimer, in accordance with the 3D prediction via homology modeling. The results would lay a solid foundation for further uncovering the mechanism of water balance of the laticifer. Nevertheless, PIP aquaporins that could interact with HbPIP1;4 in rubber tree remain to be further characterized.

, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi ZOU, Yujiao ZHENG, Xueying QIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276601069429985538, articleId=1276601064384237814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=橡胶树水通道蛋白HbPIP1;4的亚细胞定位与多聚化分析, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

质膜内在蛋白(PIP)隶属于水通道蛋白家族,其以细胞膜定位并具有高效的水分转运活性而著称。PIP高度保守,主要包含PIP1和PIP2两个亚类。天然橡胶是重要的工业原料和战略物资,其主要来源为巴西橡胶树。作为橡胶合成和储藏的特异组织,乳管与邻近的薄壁细胞之间缺乏胞间连丝,其水分平衡主要由PIP介导。通过前期研究,团队鉴定到一个PIP1亚类成员HbPIP1;4,该基因在乳管中高水平表达,然而,其在蟾蜍卵母细胞中异源表达却无水分转运活性,推测因不能有效定位到细胞膜所致。为探讨HbPIP1;4在植物体内的功能部位及作用模式,本研究构建了其亚细胞定位和双分子荧光互补(BiFC)载体。通过利用农杆菌介导法瞬时转化烟草叶片,再用激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察,发现荧光信号出现在细胞膜,这与生物信息学预测的细胞膜定位结果一致。BiFC实验进一步证实HbPIP1;4定位在细胞膜,结果同时显示,HbPIP1;4可形成同源多聚体,这与3D结构预测结果一致。上述结果为深入揭示乳管的水分平衡机制奠定了坚实的基础。但HbPIP1;4的异源互作模式还有待进一步研究。

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邹智(1982—),男,研究员,研究方向:基因组进化与逆境适应机制、油脂代谢与调控;E-mail:

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A: Predicted conservative domain for HbPIP1;4; B: Comparison of amino acid composition of HbPIP1;4, HbPIP1;1, HbPIP2;3, SoPIP2;1, AtPIP2;1 and AtPIP2;4; C: Sequence alignment of HbPIP1;4, HbPIP1;1, HbPIP2;3, SoPIP2;1, AtPIP2;1 and AtPIP2;4; D: Predicted 3D structure for HbPIP1;4.

, figureFileSmall=fQdH1fyKfpEJNNtsX3I8yA==, figureFileBig=H2BWBFeFfUXovR0MJ9IiOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276824404323599183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601064384237814, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HbPIP1;4的生物信息学分析

A:HbPIP1;4的保守结构域预测;B:HbPIP1;4、HbPIP1;1、HbPIP2;3、SoPIP2;1、AtPIP2;1和AtPIP2;4的氨基酸组成比较;C:HbPIP1;4、HbPIP1;1、HbPIP2;3、SoPIP2;1、AtPIP2;1和AtPIP2;4的序列比对;D:HbPIP1;4的3D结构预测。

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Databases, software and related websites used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据库/软件Database/software网址Website用途Application
NCBIhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PIP蛋白下载
BLASThttps://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi同源分析
MUSCLEhttps://mega6.software.informer.com/蛋白多序列比对
ProtParamhttps://web.expasy.org/protparam/蛋白理化特性分析
WoLF PSORThttps://www.genscript.com/wolf-psort.html亚细胞定位预测
CDDhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd保守结构域预测
SOPMAhttps://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=/NPSA/npsa_sopma.html二级结构预测
SWISS-MODELhttps://swissmodel.expasy.org/interactive3D结构预测
InterProhttp://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/search/生物学功能预测
), ArticleFig(id=1276824406018098005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601064384237814, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用数据库、软件及其网址

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据库/软件Database/software网址Website用途Application
NCBIhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PIP蛋白下载
BLASThttps://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi同源分析
MUSCLEhttps://mega6.software.informer.com/蛋白多序列比对
ProtParamhttps://web.expasy.org/protparam/蛋白理化特性分析
WoLF PSORThttps://www.genscript.com/wolf-psort.html亚细胞定位预测
CDDhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd保守结构域预测
SOPMAhttps://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/npsa_automat.pl?page=/NPSA/npsa_sopma.html二级结构预测
SWISS-MODELhttps://swissmodel.expasy.org/interactive3D结构预测
InterProhttp://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/search/生物学功能预测
), ArticleFig(id=1276824406320087894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601064384237814, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of physicochemical properties and secondary structure of HbPIP1;4, HbPIP1;1, HbPIP2;3, SoPIP2;1, AtPIP2;1 and AtPIP2;4

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白ProteinaaMW/kDapIGRAVYAIIIMIPα-螺旋Alpha helix/%延伸链Extended strand/%β-转角Beta turn/%无规则卷曲Random coil/%
HbPIP1;428730.808.590.33495.8928.4244~27432.4017.422.4447.74
HbPIP1;128730.788.620.35293.9027.4646~27630.6618.473.1447.74
HbPIP2;328630.588.500.449100.3831.6832~26736.3617.483.5042.66
SoPIP2;128129.909.030.579102.8127.8131~26036.6518.152.1443.06
AtPIP2;128730.478.600.50697.9430.2730~26640.4216.724.8837.98
AtPIP2;429130.958.220.49096.2929.2930~26630.2420.965.1543.64
), ArticleFig(id=1276824406424945495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601064384237814, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HbPIP1;4与HbPIP1;1、HbPIP2;3、SoPIP2;1、AtPIP2;1和AtPIP2;4理化特性和二级结构比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白ProteinaaMW/kDapIGRAVYAIIIMIPα-螺旋Alpha helix/%延伸链Extended strand/%β-转角Beta turn/%无规则卷曲Random coil/%
HbPIP1;428730.808.590.33495.8928.4244~27432.4017.422.4447.74
HbPIP1;128730.788.620.35293.9027.4646~27630.6618.473.1447.74
HbPIP2;328630.588.500.449100.3831.6832~26736.3617.483.5042.66
SoPIP2;128129.909.030.579102.8127.8131~26036.6518.152.1443.06
AtPIP2;128730.478.600.50697.9430.2730~26640.4216.724.8837.98
AtPIP2;429130.958.220.49096.2929.2930~26630.2420.965.1543.64
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橡胶树水通道蛋白HbPIP1;4的亚细胞定位与多聚化分析
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邹智 , 郑玉皎 , 乔雪莹
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2024,45(6): 1095-1101
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2024 , 45 (6) : 1095 -1101
橡胶树水通道蛋白HbPIP1;4的亚细胞定位与多聚化分析
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邹智(1982—),男,研究员,研究方向:基因组进化与逆境适应机制、油脂代谢与调控;E-mail:

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邹智 , 郑玉皎, 乔雪莹
作者信息
  • 热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南海口 571101
Subcellular Localization and Multimerization Analyses of HbPIP1;4, a PIP Aquaporin from Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)
Zhi ZOU , Yujiao ZHENG, Xueying QIAO
Affiliations
  • National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding / Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.001
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质膜内在蛋白(PIP)隶属于水通道蛋白家族,其以细胞膜定位并具有高效的水分转运活性而著称。PIP高度保守,主要包含PIP1和PIP2两个亚类。天然橡胶是重要的工业原料和战略物资,其主要来源为巴西橡胶树。作为橡胶合成和储藏的特异组织,乳管与邻近的薄壁细胞之间缺乏胞间连丝,其水分平衡主要由PIP介导。通过前期研究,团队鉴定到一个PIP1亚类成员HbPIP1;4,该基因在乳管中高水平表达,然而,其在蟾蜍卵母细胞中异源表达却无水分转运活性,推测因不能有效定位到细胞膜所致。为探讨HbPIP1;4在植物体内的功能部位及作用模式,本研究构建了其亚细胞定位和双分子荧光互补(BiFC)载体。通过利用农杆菌介导法瞬时转化烟草叶片,再用激光共聚焦显微镜进行观察,发现荧光信号出现在细胞膜,这与生物信息学预测的细胞膜定位结果一致。BiFC实验进一步证实HbPIP1;4定位在细胞膜,结果同时显示,HbPIP1;4可形成同源多聚体,这与3D结构预测结果一致。上述结果为深入揭示乳管的水分平衡机制奠定了坚实的基础。但HbPIP1;4的异源互作模式还有待进一步研究。

橡胶树  /  乳管  /  水通道蛋白  /  质膜内在蛋白  /  亚细胞定位  /  双分子荧光互补

Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), which belong to the aquaporin (AQP) family within the major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily, are known for the high water transport activity at the cell membrane. The subfamily is highly conservative and only includes two phylogenetic groups named PIP1 and PIP2. Natural rubber, an important industrial raw material and strategic material, is mainly derived from Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), a big tree originated in the Amazon basin of South America. As a special tissue for rubber synthesis and storage, the laticiferous cells possess no plasmodesmata with neighboring parenchyma cells, and the water balance is mainly mediated by PIP aquaporins. In previous studies, a highly abundant PIP gene denoted HbPIP1;4 was identified, however, no detectable water transport activity was found when heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, which may be due to its inability to localize to the cell membrane. To uncover the acting site and multimerization features of HbPIP1;4 in vivo, recombinant plasmids pNC-Cam1304-SubN-HbPIP1;4, pNC-BiFC-ECN-HbPIP1;4, and pNC-BiFC-ENN-HbPIP1;4 for subcellular localization and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) were successfully constructed. Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformed with above recombinant plasmids were used to infiltrate tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana), and transiently transformed leaves were subsequently checked using laser confocal microscopy. Compared with wide distribution of fluorescence signals throughout the cell for the control pNC-Cam1304-SubN, signals of pNC-Cam1304-GFP-HbPIP1;4 were restricted to the cell membrane, supporting the plasma membrane localization of HbPIP1;4, which is consistent with the bioinformatics prediction. The result was further supported by the BiFC analysis, which also implied that HbPIP1;4 could form homomultimer, in accordance with the 3D prediction via homology modeling. The results would lay a solid foundation for further uncovering the mechanism of water balance of the laticifer. Nevertheless, PIP aquaporins that could interact with HbPIP1;4 in rubber tree remain to be further characterized.

rubber tree  /  laticifer  /  aquaporin  /  plasma membrane intrinsic protein  /  subcellular localization  /  BiFC
邹智, 郑玉皎, 乔雪莹. 橡胶树水通道蛋白HbPIP1;4的亚细胞定位与多聚化分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1095 -1101 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.001
Zhi ZOU, Yujiao ZHENG, Xueying QIAO. Subcellular Localization and Multimerization Analyses of HbPIP1;4, a PIP Aquaporin from Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1095 -1101 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.001
质膜内在蛋白(plasma membrane intrinsic protein,PIP)隶属于水通道蛋白(aquaporin,AQP)家族,其以细胞膜定位并具有高效的水分转运活性而著称[1]。相比于其他亚族,PIP高度保守,仅包含2个进化小组,其中PIP1具有延伸的N端,而PIP2具有较长的C端[2-5]。结构分析显示,PIP包含6个跨膜螺旋、2个半螺旋以及半螺旋上高度保守的NPA基序,其在细胞膜上以四聚体的形式起作用[6-8]。虽然PIP1和PIP2都具有便于水分转运的F-H-T-R ar/R选择性滤器,但PIP1在蟾蜍卵母细胞、酵母等体外体系中一般无活性或活性极低,其主要原因是PIP1不能有效定位到细胞膜[9-11]。然而,当PIP1与PIP2共表达时,PIP2可介导PIP1的有效定位,从而提高水分转运活性[9-12]
巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)起源于南美亚马逊河流域,是天然橡胶的主要商业来源[13]。橡胶在橡胶树的乳管细胞中特异合成和储藏,并在割胶过程以胶乳的形式被排出[14]。由于乳管与邻近的薄壁细胞之间不存在胞间连丝,故水分出入乳管主要由细胞膜定位的PIP介导[2]。前期的全基因组分析显示,橡胶树共含有15个PIP基因,其中包含5个PIP1和10个PIP2[2]。蛋白互作分析显示,隶属于PIP2的HbPIP2;3可形成同源多聚体[15],然而,隶属于PIP1的HbPIP1;1虽然在植物体内也定位在细胞膜,却并不能形成同源多聚体[16]。为探究HbPIP1;1不能形成同源多聚体是属于亚类特征还是个体特性,本研究对另外一个PIP1成员HbPIP1;4[2,17]进行亚细胞定位和多聚化分析,并通过序列比较以期为揭示潜在的分子机理奠定基础。
橡胶树品系热研7-33-97种植于中国热带农业科学院试验场,胶乳的采集参照文献[2];本氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)的栽培与管理参照文献[16]。
大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α、内含辅助质粒pSoup-P19的根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)GV3101、pNC-Cam1304-SubN、pNC-BiFC-ENN和pNC-BiFC-ECN由本实验室保存。
酶、试剂盒及各类生化试剂参照文献[16,18]。
胶乳总RNA的提取采用改良的SDS法[2],经质量检测合格后用TaKaRa反转录试剂盒PrimeScript™ RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser合成cDNA第一链。
根据前期鉴定的HbPIP1;4基因序列[2]及本地的热研7-33-97的基因组序列设计引物对HbPIP1;4F/R(ATGGAGGGCAAGGAAGAGGATG/GGCCCTGGCCTTGAAAGG)和pNC-HbPIP1;4F/R(AGTGGTCTCTGTCCAGTCCTATGGAGGGCAAGGAAGAGGATG/GGTCTCAG CAGACCACAAGTGGCCCTGGCCTTGAAAGG),并以上述反转录cDNA作为模板进行PCR扩增。参照文献[16],利用无缝克隆技术将HbPIP1;4构建到载体pNC-Cam1304-SubN、pNC-BiFC-ENN和pNC-BiFC-ECN。
本研究所用数据库、软件及其网址详见表1。同源分析和多序列比对分别采用BLAST和MUSCLE软件;蛋白的理化特性、亚细胞定位、保守结构域、二级结构和3D结构预测分别采用Protparam、WoLF PSORT、CDD、SOPMA和SWISS-MODEL软件。跨膜螺旋区及保守氨基酸基于与SoPIP2;1[6]、AtPIP2;1[7]和AtPIP2;4[8]的序列比对进行界定。
参照文献[19-20],采用冻融法将上述重组质粒导入农杆菌感受态,挑选单克隆进行菌落PCR验证后制备农杆菌浸染液,采用微量注射法转化4周龄的烟草叶片,遮光保湿48 h后制片,并用激光共聚焦显微镜Zeiss LMS880进行荧光观察。
本研究首先以HbPIP1;4F/R为引物对基因的编码区序列进行分离,目的条带切胶回收后用于第二轮PCR扩增,并利用无缝克隆技术成功构建了亚细胞定位载体pNC-Cam1304-SubN-HbPIP1;4以及BiFC载体pNC-BiFC-ENN-HbPIP1;4pNC-BiFC-ECN-HbPIP1;4。桑格测序显示,研究分离到的序列与基因组的对应区域完全一致,预测编码287个氨基酸(aa),其理论分子量(MW)、等电点(pI)、脂肪族指数(AI)、总平均疏水指数(GRAVY)和不稳定系数(II)与HbPIP1;1、HbPIP2;3、SoPIP2;1、AtPIP2;1、AtPIP2;4相当(表2);该蛋白的第44~274位为保守的MIP结构域(pfam00230),共包含230个残基(图1A);从氨基酸组成来看,蛋白的小分子氨基酸A和G含量最高,分别为12.5%和11.5%(图1B)。HbPIP1;4与HbPIP1;1、HbPIP2;3、SoPIP2;1、AtPIP2;1、AtPIP2;4的序列相似性分别为91.0%、76.0%、72.6%、72.8%和70.2%,其跨膜螺旋区(TM1~TM6)和保守氨基酸如图1C所示,2个半螺旋区(HB和HE)含有典型的NPA基序;连环LA含有1个与二聚化相关的C82残基;连环LB含有1个保守的磷酸化位点S128;连环LD含有1个与门控相关的L211残基;ar/R选择性滤器为F94-H224-T231-R239;Froger位点为E154-S240-A244-F259-W260。与SoPIP2;1、AtPIP2;1、AtPIP2;4和HbPIP2;3相比,HbPIP1;4具有较长的N端和较短的C端,缺乏磷酸化调控相关的C端S残基。二级结构预测显示,这些蛋白均以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,分别为30.24%~40.42%和37.98%~ 47.74%(表2)。基于SoPIP2;1的同源建模显示,HbPIP1;4可以形成同源四聚体(图1D)。
为明确HbPIP1;4的功能执行部位,研究以空载pNC-Cam1304-SubN为对照,将含pNC-Cam1304-SubN-HbPIP1;4的农杆菌工程菌微量注射烟草叶片,共聚焦观察结果如图2所示,对照的荧光信号散布于整个细胞,而实验组仅见于细胞膜,证实HbPIP1;4的作用部位是细胞膜。
为明确HbPIP1;4是否可形成同源多聚体,研究以转pNC-Cam1304-SubN-HbPIP1;1[2]的农杆菌工程菌为阳性对照,单转pNC-BiFC-ENN-HbPIP1;4pNC-BiFC-ECN-HbPIP1;4的为阴性对照,将转pNC-BiFC-ENN-HbPIP1;4pNC-BiFC-ECN-HbPIP1;4的农杆菌工程菌等量混合后瞬时转化烟草叶片。共聚焦观察结果如图3所示,阳性对照和实验组在细胞膜均发现强烈的荧光信号,而阴性对照均无信号,证实HbPIP1;4可在细胞膜上形成同源多聚体。
与其他作物相比,橡胶树的水分平衡显得更为重要:首先,除蒸腾耗水外,周期性的割胶活动会造成水分的大量流失;其次,相对于多数植物邻近的细胞间存在大量的胞间连丝,用于割胶的成熟乳管与邻近细胞缺乏功能性的胞间连丝,这使得乳管水分的补给严重依赖于细胞膜定位的PIP[2,14]。在橡胶树的15个PIP基因中,有10个在乳管中有表达,其中包括HbPIP1;4HbPIP2;3HbPIP1;1[2]。在蟾蜍卵母细胞中的功能分析显示,HbPIP2;3具有高效的水分转运活性[17],而HbPIP1;4和HbPIP1;1的活性极低[17,21]。根据在玉米、水稻、草莓等植物中的研究,PIP1亚类成员之所以在体外体系中无水分转运活性主要归因于其自身不能有效定位到细胞膜,相反,PIP2自身不仅可定位到细胞膜,还可介导PIP1的细胞膜定位[9-12]。有意思的是,在前期的研究中,团队发现HbPIP1;1与HbPIP2;3均定位在烟草叶片的细胞膜;HbPIP2;3可形成同源多聚体,而HbPIP1;1却不能[15-16]。为探讨HbPIP1;1不能形成同源多聚体的可能结构特征,本研究进一步鉴定了HbPIP1;4的细胞膜定位和多聚化特征。据前期研究,HbPIP1;4在乳管中的表达水平显著高于HbPIP2;3HbPIP1;1[2]。亚细胞定位分析显示,与HbPIP1;1和HbPIP2;3相同,HbPIP1;4也定位在烟草叶片的细胞膜;与HbPIP1;1不同的是,BiFC显示HbPIP1;4可形成同源多聚体,这与3D结构预测结果一致。系统的序列比较显示,HbPIP1;4、HbPIP1;1、HbPIP2;3、SoPIP2;1、AtPIP2;1和AtPIP2;4均属于稳定的疏水型碱性蛋白,即等电点>7.0(8.22~9.03)、总平均疏水指数>0(0.334~0.579)、不稳定系数为<40(27.46~ 31.68);具有完全一致的NPA基序和ar/R选择性滤器(F-H-T-R);对应于SoPIP2;1 S115的磷酸化位点、L197的门控位点以及C69的二聚化位点高度保守;对应于SoPIP2;1 S188的磷酸化位点仅在AtPIP2;1中保守,而在其他蛋白中均为N;在5个Froger位点中,仅P1存在变异,SoPIP2;1为M,AtPIP2;1、AtPIP2;4和HbPIP2;3为Q,HbPIP1;1和HbPIP1;4为E;相比其他蛋白,HbPIP1;1和HbPIP1;4均缺乏PIP2 C端的磷酸化位点。这些结果表明HbPIP1;4与HbPIP1;1的序列特征高度一致,而基于前期的研究结果很难通过序列比对找到决定同源多聚化的结构特征。此外,研究还采用SWISS-MODEL预测了HbPIP1;4与HbPIP1;1[16]、HbPIP2;3[15]和HbPIP2;7[22]的互作关系,发现它们都不能形成异源多聚体,不过这还有待进一步的实验验证;同时,本团队已构建了胶乳特异性的酵母杂交文库,利用HbPIP1;4作为诱饵的筛选工作还在进行中。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(31971688; 31700580)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(319MS093)
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2024年第45卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.001
  • 接收时间:2023-06-07
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-07
  • 修回日期:2023-06-30
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国家自然科学基金项目(31971688; 31700580)
海南省自然科学基金项目(319MS093)
作者信息
    热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南海口 571101
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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