Article(id=1276601045555999277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1663257600000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-16, revisedDate=1685894400000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782295007361, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782295007361, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782295007361, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782295007361, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276600957765021779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1095', pageEnd='1302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1719244800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294986430, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782348406834, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276825019267285043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276825019271479348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1219, endPage=1225, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276601047586042415, articleId=1276601045555999277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Quality Investigation and Analysis of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) Somatic Embryo Plantlet, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Natural rubber is an important strategic material and industrial raw material in China, which mainly originates from rubber tree. The growth cycle of rubber tree is long, and the quality of rubber seedling directly affects the development of rubber industry. The somatic embryo plantlet of rubber tree shows good consistency in the previous studies, and has the advantages of rapid growth and high yield. Hainan Innovation Base for production of Natural Rubber New Planting Material is the base of the current large-scale production of rubber tree somatic embryo plantlets of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917. In this paper, in order to clarify the large-scale production of the somatic embryo plantlets of rubber tree, the plant height, stem diameter, leaves number and taproot length of Reyan 73397 somatic embryo plantlets from 2018 to 2020 were studied, the differences in each index of the two varieties in 2020 were, compared, and the classification of different varieties in different years were done. The proportions of plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and taproot length of Reyan 73397 were similar in each region from 2018 to 2020. There were no significant differences in plant height, leaf number and taproot length in three years. There were significant differences in stem diameter between 2018 and 2019, and the mean value of the three years was above 2.00 mm, and the difference between the maximum and minimum value was only 0.09 mm. The plant height of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was the same, and the mean value of plant height of both varieties was 8.0 cm. The plant height of the two varieties was mainly 5.0-10.0 cm, accounting for 66.13% and 66.91%, respectively. The stem diameter range of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was 0.80-4.23 mm and 1.13-3.73 mm, respectively. The mean value of the two varieties was 2.11 mm and 2.18 mm, respectively. The stem diameter of the two varieties was highly concentrated between 1.50-3.00 mm, 85.94% and 83.82%, respectively. The leaf number of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was ranged from 0 to 6 and 1 to 4, respectively. The number of leaves of the two varieties was mostly 1 to 3, accounting for 88.82% and 96.32%, respectively. The rate of 2 leaves in Reyan 917 was as high as 52.94%. The average taproot length of Reyan 73397 was 9.5 cm, while that of Reyan 917 was 9.1 cm. The taproot length of both varieties concentrated in the range of 8.0-12.0 cm, accounting for 74.12% and 79.41%, respectively. There were no significant differences in plant height, stem diameter and leaves number between the two varieties in 2020, while there was significant differences in taproot length (P<0.05). The proportion of first-grade plantlets and second-grade plantlets of different varieties in different years (2018—2020) was 19%-22% and 56%-62%. It is concluded that the mass production of rubber tree somatic embryo plantlet is stable, which could provide reference for the popularization of the production technology of rubber tree somatic embryo plantlet.

, authors=null, authorsList=Suna PENG, Zhengwei XU, $\boxed{\hbox{Yuwei HUA}}$, Xiaochuan GU, Jing CHENG, Huasun HUANG, Tiandai HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tiandai HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276601047988695601, articleId=1276601045555999277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=橡胶树体胚苗质量调查与分析, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

天然橡胶是我国重要的战略物资和工业原料,主要来源于橡胶树。橡胶树生长周期长,其苗木质量直接影响天然橡胶产业的发展,橡胶树体胚苗在前期研究中表现一致性好,且具有速生、高产的优势。海南省天然橡胶新型种植材料创新基地是当前规模生产的橡胶树体胚苗的基地,现生产品种有热研73397和热研917。本研究分析比较了热研73397体胚试管苗在2018—2020年间的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长等指标的差异性,比较了2020年2个品种各指标的差异性,并对不同年份不同品种进行分级比较,以期阐明橡胶树体胚苗规模生产的情况。结果表明:(1)2018—2020年,热研73397的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长度在各区间的比例相当;株高、叶片数、主根长度在3 a间的差异不显著;茎粗在2018和2019年之间差异显著,且3 a均值均在2.00 mm以上,最大值和最小值的差值仅为0.09 mm。(2)2020年,热研73397和热研917体胚苗的株高一致,均值均为8.0 cm,且大部分集中在5.0~10.0 cm,分别占66.13%、66.91%;热研73397和热研917的茎粗范围分别为0.80~4.23 mm、1.13~3.73 mm,均值分别为2.11 mm和2.18 mm,2个品种的茎粗在1.50~3.00 mm之间高度集中,分别占85.94%、83.82%;热研73397和热研917叶片数范围分别为0~6片和1~4片,2个品种叶片数绝大多数为1~3片,分别占88.82%、96.32%,其中热研917叶片数为2片的占比高达52.94%;热研73397的主根长度均值为9.5 cm,而热研917的为9.1 cm,2个品种的主根长度多数集中在8.0~12.0 cm之间,分别占74.12%、79.41%;方差分析结果表明,2020年2个品种的株高、茎粗、叶片数差异不显著,主根长度差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)2018—2020年调查的橡胶树体胚苗中,不同年份不同品种的橡胶树体胚苗,一级苗比例为19%~22%,二级苗比例为56%~62%。据此,规模化生产橡胶树体胚试管苗质量稳定,为橡胶树体胚苗生产工艺的推广应用提供参考。

, authors=

彭素娜(1984—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物组织培养与遗传转化。

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* 黄天带(HUANG Tiandai),E-mail:
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彭素娜(1984—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物组织培养与遗传转化。

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彭素娜(1984—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物组织培养与遗传转化。

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Rubber budling and seedling: GB/T 17822.2—2009[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2011: 9. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276828973233472129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, awardId=ZDYF2022XDNY204; ZDYF2021XDNY122, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY204; ZDYF2021XDNY122), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276828973501907586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, awardId=CARS33, language=CN, fundingSource=国家天然橡胶产业技术体系专项(CARS33), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276828954866614848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276828954883392065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, companyId=1276828954866614848, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Haikou Key Laboratory of Innovation of Seedlings of Tropical Plants, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276828954895974978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, companyId=1276828954866614848, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市热带植物种苗创新重点实验室,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276828968917533295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Survey varieties and quantity of rubber tree somatic embryo plantlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety年份Year调查株数Plantlet number
热研733972018351
2019363
2020313
热研9172020136
), ArticleFig(id=1276828969303409264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

橡胶树体胚苗调查品种和数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety年份Year调查株数Plantlet number
热研733972018351
2019363
2020313
热研9172020136
), ArticleFig(id=1276828970989519473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Proportion distribution of the different plant height of somatic embryo plantlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
株高Plantlet height/cm热研73397Reyan 73397热研917Reyan 917
2018201920202020
<4.05.985.796.075.88
≤4.0~5.06.843.864.154.41
≤5.0~6.011.1110.4715.0213.97
≤6.0~7.013.6816.2516.9311.76
≤7.0~8.015.9514.0513.7417.65
≤8.0~9.012.8216.258.3111.76
≤9.0~10.08.269.3712.1411.76
≤10.0~11.04.276.8911.189.56
≤11.0~12.05.706.066.076.62
≤12.0~13.06.272.751.923.68
≥13.09.128.264.472.94
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276828971081794162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

体胚苗不同株高比例分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
株高Plantlet height/cm热研73397Reyan 73397热研917Reyan 917
2018201920202020
<4.05.985.796.075.88
≤4.0~5.06.843.864.154.41
≤5.0~6.011.1110.4715.0213.97
≤6.0~7.013.6816.2516.9311.76
≤7.0~8.015.9514.0513.7417.65
≤8.0~9.012.8216.258.3111.76
≤9.0~10.08.269.3712.1411.76
≤10.0~11.04.276.8911.189.56
≤11.0~12.05.706.066.076.62
≤12.0~13.06.272.751.923.68
≥13.09.128.264.472.94
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276828971408949875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Proportion distribution of the different stem diameter of somatic embryo plantlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茎粗Stem diameter/mm热研73397Reyan 73397热研917Reyan 917
2018201920202020
<1.000.570.550.320.00
≤1.00~1.5015.679.379.278.09
≤1.50~2.0034.1933.0634.5033.09
≤2.00~2.5027.9230.8533.5532.35
≤2.50~3.0016.2419.2817.8918.38
≤3.00~4.005.416.614.478.09
≥4.000.000.280.000.00
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276828971476058740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

体胚苗的不同茎粗比例分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
茎粗Stem diameter/mm热研73397Reyan 73397热研917Reyan 917
2018201920202020
<1.000.570.550.320.00
≤1.00~1.5015.679.379.278.09
≤1.50~2.0034.1933.0634.5033.09
≤2.00~2.5027.9230.8533.5532.35
≤2.50~3.0016.2419.2817.8918.38
≤3.00~4.005.416.614.478.09
≥4.000.000.280.000.00
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276828971543167605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Proportion distribution of the different leaf number of somatic embryo plantlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
叶片数Leaf number热研73397Reyan 73397热研917Reyan 917
2018201920202020
00.000.000.320.00
126.5023.6927.4815.44
254.7043.2538.0252.94
315.6722.0423.3227.94
42.567.719.273.68
50.283.031.280.00
60.280.280.320.00
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276828971878711926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

体胚苗不同叶片数比例分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
叶片数Leaf number热研73397Reyan 73397热研917Reyan 917
2018201920202020
00.000.000.320.00
126.5023.6927.4815.44
254.7043.2538.0252.94
315.6722.0423.3227.94
42.567.719.273.68
50.283.031.280.00
60.280.280.320.00
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276828971941626487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Proportion distribution of the different taproot length of somatic embryo plantlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主根长度Taproot length/cm热研73397Reyan 73397热研917Reyan 917
2018201920202020
<5.03.993.585.115.88
≤5.0~6.02.852.482.560.74
≤6.0~7.04.564.412.883.68
≤7.0~8.05.134.418.638.09
≤8.0~9.013.9610.4714.3815.44
≤9.0~10.027.6420.6621.0933.82
≤10.0~11.021.9424.5222.6820.59
≤11.0~12.09.9721.4915.979.56
≤12.0~13.05.703.313.191.47
≥13.04.274.683.510.74
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276828972000346744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

体胚苗不同主根长度比例分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主根长度Taproot length/cm热研73397Reyan 73397热研917Reyan 917
2018201920202020
<5.03.993.585.115.88
≤5.0~6.02.852.482.560.74
≤6.0~7.04.564.412.883.68
≤7.0~8.05.134.418.638.09
≤8.0~9.013.9610.4714.3815.44
≤9.0~10.027.6420.6621.0933.82
≤10.0~11.021.9424.5222.6820.59
≤11.0~12.09.9721.4915.979.56
≤12.0~13.05.703.313.191.47
≥13.04.274.683.510.74
合计100.00100.00100.00100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276828972310725242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Average value of each index of Reyan 73397 somatic embryo plantlet in 2018—2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year株高Plantlet height/cm茎粗Stem diameter/mm叶片数Leaf number主根长度Taproot length/cm
20188.3±3.29a2.05±0.53b2±0.77a9.5±2.35a
20198.2±2.84a2.14±0.54a2±1.01a9.8±2.29a
20208.0±2.76a2.11±0.49ab2±1.01a9.5±2.26a
均值8.2±2.982.10±0.522±0.949.6±2.31
), ArticleFig(id=1276828972377834107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

2018—2020年热研73397体胚苗各指标分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year株高Plantlet height/cm茎粗Stem diameter/mm叶片数Leaf number主根长度Taproot length/cm
20188.3±3.29a2.05±0.53b2±0.77a9.5±2.35a
20198.2±2.84a2.14±0.54a2±1.01a9.8±2.29a
20208.0±2.76a2.11±0.49ab2±1.01a9.5±2.26a
均值8.2±2.982.10±0.522±0.949.6±2.31
), ArticleFig(id=1276828972654658172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Average value of each index of two cultivars somatic embryo plantlet in 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Cultivar株高Plantlet high/cm茎粗Stem diameter/mm叶片数Leaf number主根长度Taproot length/cm
热研733978.0±2.76a2.11±0.49a2±1.01a9.5±2.26a
热研9178.0±2.60a2.18±0.56a2±0.74a9.1±2.05b
), ArticleFig(id=1276828972717572733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

2020年2个品种体胚苗各指标分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Cultivar株高Plantlet high/cm茎粗Stem diameter/mm叶片数Leaf number主根长度Taproot length/cm
热研733978.0±2.76a2.11±0.49a2±1.01a9.5±2.26a
热研9178.0±2.60a2.18±0.56a2±0.74a9.1±2.05b
), ArticleFig(id=1276828972784681599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Quality classification of hevea brasiliensis somatic embryo plantlet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year品种Cultivar质量等级Quality great合格率Qualification rate/%
一级Great I/%二级Great II/%
2018热研7339721.3757.8379.20
2019热研7339719.7861.8181.59
2020热研7339721.7956.7378.52
热研91719.8558.8278.67
平均20.7058.8079.50
), ArticleFig(id=1276828973082477184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276601045555999277, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

橡胶树体胚苗质量分级比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year品种Cultivar质量等级Quality great合格率Qualification rate/%
一级Great I/%二级Great II/%
2018热研7339721.3757.8379.20
2019热研7339719.7861.8181.59
2020热研7339721.7956.7378.52
热研91719.8558.8278.67
平均20.7058.8079.50
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橡胶树体胚苗质量调查与分析
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彭素娜 , 徐正伟 , $\boxed{\hbox{华玉伟}}$ , 顾晓川 , 成镜 , 黄华孙 , 黄天带 *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(6): 1219-1225
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (6) : 1219 -1225
橡胶树体胚苗质量调查与分析
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彭素娜(1984—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物组织培养与遗传转化。

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彭素娜(1984—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:植物组织培养与遗传转化。

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彭素娜, 徐正伟, $\boxed{\hbox{华玉伟}}$, 顾晓川, 成镜, 黄华孙, 黄天带*
作者信息
  • 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市热带植物种苗创新重点实验室,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 黄天带(HUANG Tiandai),E-mail:
Quality Investigation and Analysis of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) Somatic Embryo Plantlet
Suna PENG, Zhengwei XU, $\boxed{\hbox{Yuwei HUA}}$, Xiaochuan GU, Jing CHENG, Huasun HUANG, Tiandai HUANG*
Affiliations
  • Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Haikou Key Laboratory of Innovation of Seedlings of Tropical Plants, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.013
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天然橡胶是我国重要的战略物资和工业原料,主要来源于橡胶树。橡胶树生长周期长,其苗木质量直接影响天然橡胶产业的发展,橡胶树体胚苗在前期研究中表现一致性好,且具有速生、高产的优势。海南省天然橡胶新型种植材料创新基地是当前规模生产的橡胶树体胚苗的基地,现生产品种有热研73397和热研917。本研究分析比较了热研73397体胚试管苗在2018—2020年间的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长等指标的差异性,比较了2020年2个品种各指标的差异性,并对不同年份不同品种进行分级比较,以期阐明橡胶树体胚苗规模生产的情况。结果表明:(1)2018—2020年,热研73397的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长度在各区间的比例相当;株高、叶片数、主根长度在3 a间的差异不显著;茎粗在2018和2019年之间差异显著,且3 a均值均在2.00 mm以上,最大值和最小值的差值仅为0.09 mm。(2)2020年,热研73397和热研917体胚苗的株高一致,均值均为8.0 cm,且大部分集中在5.0~10.0 cm,分别占66.13%、66.91%;热研73397和热研917的茎粗范围分别为0.80~4.23 mm、1.13~3.73 mm,均值分别为2.11 mm和2.18 mm,2个品种的茎粗在1.50~3.00 mm之间高度集中,分别占85.94%、83.82%;热研73397和热研917叶片数范围分别为0~6片和1~4片,2个品种叶片数绝大多数为1~3片,分别占88.82%、96.32%,其中热研917叶片数为2片的占比高达52.94%;热研73397的主根长度均值为9.5 cm,而热研917的为9.1 cm,2个品种的主根长度多数集中在8.0~12.0 cm之间,分别占74.12%、79.41%;方差分析结果表明,2020年2个品种的株高、茎粗、叶片数差异不显著,主根长度差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)2018—2020年调查的橡胶树体胚苗中,不同年份不同品种的橡胶树体胚苗,一级苗比例为19%~22%,二级苗比例为56%~62%。据此,规模化生产橡胶树体胚试管苗质量稳定,为橡胶树体胚苗生产工艺的推广应用提供参考。

橡胶树  /  体胚苗  /  质量指标  /  种苗质量

Natural rubber is an important strategic material and industrial raw material in China, which mainly originates from rubber tree. The growth cycle of rubber tree is long, and the quality of rubber seedling directly affects the development of rubber industry. The somatic embryo plantlet of rubber tree shows good consistency in the previous studies, and has the advantages of rapid growth and high yield. Hainan Innovation Base for production of Natural Rubber New Planting Material is the base of the current large-scale production of rubber tree somatic embryo plantlets of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917. In this paper, in order to clarify the large-scale production of the somatic embryo plantlets of rubber tree, the plant height, stem diameter, leaves number and taproot length of Reyan 73397 somatic embryo plantlets from 2018 to 2020 were studied, the differences in each index of the two varieties in 2020 were, compared, and the classification of different varieties in different years were done. The proportions of plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and taproot length of Reyan 73397 were similar in each region from 2018 to 2020. There were no significant differences in plant height, leaf number and taproot length in three years. There were significant differences in stem diameter between 2018 and 2019, and the mean value of the three years was above 2.00 mm, and the difference between the maximum and minimum value was only 0.09 mm. The plant height of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was the same, and the mean value of plant height of both varieties was 8.0 cm. The plant height of the two varieties was mainly 5.0-10.0 cm, accounting for 66.13% and 66.91%, respectively. The stem diameter range of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was 0.80-4.23 mm and 1.13-3.73 mm, respectively. The mean value of the two varieties was 2.11 mm and 2.18 mm, respectively. The stem diameter of the two varieties was highly concentrated between 1.50-3.00 mm, 85.94% and 83.82%, respectively. The leaf number of Reyan 73397 and Reyan 917 was ranged from 0 to 6 and 1 to 4, respectively. The number of leaves of the two varieties was mostly 1 to 3, accounting for 88.82% and 96.32%, respectively. The rate of 2 leaves in Reyan 917 was as high as 52.94%. The average taproot length of Reyan 73397 was 9.5 cm, while that of Reyan 917 was 9.1 cm. The taproot length of both varieties concentrated in the range of 8.0-12.0 cm, accounting for 74.12% and 79.41%, respectively. There were no significant differences in plant height, stem diameter and leaves number between the two varieties in 2020, while there was significant differences in taproot length (P<0.05). The proportion of first-grade plantlets and second-grade plantlets of different varieties in different years (2018—2020) was 19%-22% and 56%-62%. It is concluded that the mass production of rubber tree somatic embryo plantlet is stable, which could provide reference for the popularization of the production technology of rubber tree somatic embryo plantlet.

rubber tree  /  somatic embryo plantlet  /  quality index  /  plantlet quality
彭素娜, 徐正伟, $\boxed{\hbox{华玉伟}}$, 顾晓川, 成镜, 黄华孙, 黄天带. 橡胶树体胚苗质量调查与分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1219 -1225 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.013
Suna PENG, Zhengwei XU, $\boxed{\hbox{Yuwei HUA}}$, Xiaochuan GU, Jing CHENG, Huasun HUANG, Tiandai HUANG. Quality Investigation and Analysis of Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) Somatic Embryo Plantlet[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1219 -1225 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.013
天然橡胶是我国重要战略物资和工业原料,橡胶树是天然橡胶的主要来源。橡胶树生长周期长达70 a,苗木质量对天然橡胶产业的发展具有深远的影响。2022年中央一号文件中明确提出“开展天然橡胶老旧胶园更新改造试点”,种苗需求增加,优质种苗的培育显得尤为重要。早在20世纪70年代,我国就开展了橡胶树花药诱导再生植株[1]技术研究,华玉伟等[2-3]在橡胶树花药诱导获得胚性愈伤后,进一步诱导体胚发生,再以体胚为起始材料诱导胚性愈伤、诱导次级体胚发生,实现体胚的循环增殖从而规模化生产。通过体细胞胚发生技术培育的橡胶树体胚苗(通常称为自根幼态无性系、组培苗),是目前可进行大规模繁育的组培苗类型之一,具有速生、高产和高抗的优势,法国CIRAD对IRCA18、PR260、BPM24等体胚苗分别在尼日利亚、泰国和科特迪瓦等国家进行试种,结果均较芽接苗增产20%~40%[4],我国试验数据显示,体胚苗较芽接苗增产10%~50%,生长速度快10%~20%[5]。橡胶树次生体胚循环增殖并再生的植株稳定性良好[6],是继实生树、芽接树之后的新一代种苗,是橡胶树种苗发展的方向[3]
海南天然橡胶新型种植材料创新基地,是当前唯一能够规模化生产橡胶树体胚苗的生产基地,随着天然橡胶产业的发展,有必要将橡胶树体胚苗生产技术推广至我国主要植胶区进行种苗生产。本研究对橡胶树体胚苗生产基地进行调查,测量、统计了体胚苗的株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长度。对测量、统计的数据进行分析,为橡胶树体胚苗生产工艺的推广提供参考。
调查材料为海南天然橡胶新型种植材料创新基地生产,是经过次生体胚发生途径,植株再生培养2个月左右,挑选出厂即将炼苗的试管体胚苗。调查品种为中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所选育的早熟高产品种热研73397、热研917。
于2018—2020年连续3 a的6~11月期间,对热研73397组培苗进行抽样调查,2020年6—11月期间对热研917组培苗进行抽样调查。调查指标为:(1)株高:用直尺(精度为0.1 cm)测量顶芽至根颈的距离;(2)茎粗:用游标卡尺(精度为0.01 mm)测量根颈上方2.0 cm处的最大直径;(3)叶片数:计数统计植株的复叶数;(4)主根长度:用直尺(精度为0.1 cm)测量根颈到主根根尖的距离。
采用Excel和DPS软件对测量数据进行统计和分析。
热研73397和热研917的父母本同为RRIM600´PR107,2个品种表现均是速生高产,是目前实现规模化繁育的橡胶树体胚苗品种,其中,热研73397从2014年开始规模生产,热研917从2020年开始规模生产。表1中所示为2018—2020年抽样调查体胚苗的品种和数量。
热研73397的株高范围为1.8~18.4 cm,其中株高最小值和最大值出现在2018年,2019年的株高范围为2.2~16.5 cm,2020年的株高范围为2.1~17.6 cm。如表2所示,2018年和2019年的株高分布较一致,株高≤5.0~ 9.0 cm占多数,该范围内的各区间比例均在10.00%以上;而2020年株高5.0~11.0 cm占多数,该范围内除8.0~9.0 cm外,其余各区间比例均在10.00%以上;2018年株高≥13.0 cm占比9.12%,是2020年同区间的2.04倍。
热研917的株高范围为2.5~15.5 cm。如表2所示,株高5.0~10.0 cm占多数,为66.90%。该品种株高在5.0~11.0 cm范围内的各区间比例均在10.00%以上,尤其以≤7.0~8.0 cm区间内的比例最大,为17.65%。株高≥10.0~13.0 cm占比22.80%,株高≥13.0 cm占比2.94%。
比较2020年热研73397和热研917的株高,在各区间内的比例相当。
表3可知,热研73397的茎粗范围为0.80~4.23 mm,其中茎粗最小值和最大值均出现在2019年,2018年的茎粗范围为0.88~ 3.90 mm,2020年的茎粗范围为0.96~3.87 mm。2018年的茎粗主要集中在≤1.00~3.00 mm范围内,各区间占比均超过15.00%,其中仅≤1.50~2.0 mm的占比超过30.00%;2019年和2020年的茎粗在各区间的比例相当,主要集中在≤1.50~3.00 mm范围内,各区间占比均超过17.00%,其中≤1.50~2.00 mm、≤2.00~2.50 mm的占比均超过30.00%;热研917的茎粗范围为1.13~3.73 mm,83.82%的植株茎粗集中在1.50~ 3.00 mm范围内,各区间占比均超过17.00%,其中≤1.50~2.00 mm、≤2.00~2.50 mm的占比均超过30.00%。
比较2020年的热研73397和热研917的茎粗,前者仅有0.32%的植株茎粗小于1.00 mm,后者的茎粗均大于1.00 mm,二者的最大值均未超过4.00 mm,且在各区间内的比例相当。
表4可知,2018年,热研73397体胚苗将近55%的植株叶片数为2片,而2019年叶片数为2的植株比例未达到50%,2020年的未达到40%。但当叶片数为3~5片时,后2 a的比例均比2018年的高,尤其当叶片为4时,2020年是2018年的3.6倍。2018—2020年,叶片数为1~3片的植株占比分别为96.87%、88.98%、88.82%。热研917超过50%的植株叶片数为2片,叶片数为1~3片的植株占比为96.32%。
比较2020年2个品种的叶片数,热研73397叶片数范围为0~6片,热研917的叶片数范围为1~4片,后者的叶片数范围较小。2个品种的叶片数均集中在1~3片,分别占88.82%和96.32%。2个品种均以2片叶比例最多,但热研73397的比例为38.02%,热研917超过50%。然而,叶片数≥3片时,热研73397的占比较热研917的大。
表5所示,热研73397的主根长度高度集中于≤8.0~12.0 cm之间,2018—2020年的占比分别为74.07%、77.96%、74.44%。其中,2018年以≤9.0~10.0 cm的比例最高(27.64%),2019年和2020年以≤10.0~11.0 cm的比例最高,分别为24.52%、22.68%。另外,2018年仅≤8.0~9.0 cm、≤9.0~10.0 cm、≤10.0~11.0 cm三个区间的占比达到10%以上,2019年和2020年除了以上3个区间,还有≤11.0~12.0 cm区间也达到10%以上,且在该区间内,2019年的占比达到21.49%。
热研917的主根长度高度集中于≤8.0~ 12.0 cm之间,占80.15%。该品种在≤8.0~ 9.0 cm、≤9.0~10.0 cm、≤10.0~11.0 cm三个区间占比超过10%,且≤9.0~10.0 cm区间占33.82%、≤10.0~ 11.0 cm区间占20.59%。
以2020年比较2个品种的主根长度,二者均是高度集中于≤8.0~12.0 cm之间,当主根长度≥11.0 cm时,热研73397比热研917的大。
2018—2020年热研73397体胚苗各指标分析如表6所示,热研73397的平均株高在2018年时最高,为8.3 cm,2019年株高为8.2 cm,2020年的株高仅为8.0 cm,连续3 a调查的株高均值为8.2 cm。茎粗在2018年最小,为2.05 mm,之后2 a分别为2.14 mm和2.11 mm,连续3 a的茎粗均值为2.10 mm。热研73397在3 a间的叶片数均为2片。热研73397的平均主根长度在2018年时为9.5 cm,2019年时最长,为9.8 cm,2020与2018年一样,也为9.5 cm,连续3 a调查的主根长度均值为9.6 cm。
方差分析结果表明,在2018—2020年间,热研73397的株高、叶片数、主根长度均无显著差异,茎粗在2018年和2019年之间差异显著(P<0.05),3 a的均值均在2.00 mm以上,最大值和最小值的差值仅为0.09 mm。
比较2020年热研73397和热研917体胚苗各指标(表7)可见,2个品种的株高和叶片数均值相同,分别为8.0 cm和2片。方差分析结果表明,2个品种的株高、茎粗、叶片数差异不显著,而主根长度差异显著(P<0.05),热研73397的主根长度大于热研917。进一步分析发现,2个品种间主根长度虽存在显著差异,但均值均在9.0 cm以上,二者差值为0.4 cm。
按照海南省地方标准《橡胶树组培苗》(BD/T 535—2021)[7]进行分级,2018—2020年调查的橡胶树体胚苗中,不同年份不同品种的橡胶树体胚苗,一级苗比例为19%~22%,二级苗比例为56%~62%。总体上,一级苗占调查总株数的20.70%,二级苗占调查总株数的58.80%,合格苗(一级苗与二级苗总和)在78%~82%之间,其中合格率以2019年热研73397最高,为81.59%(表8)。
橡胶树体胚苗经过植株再生形成具有自主根系的幼态无性系,在前期试种中表现出整齐度高、速生、高产[4]的特性,其生产技术入选2021中国农业农村重大新技术新产品新装备10项重大新技术,同时入选10年来我国农业科技的30个标志性成就,居世界领先地位。橡胶树体胚苗已逐渐成为天然橡胶新型种植材料[5],近年来在海南、广东、云南等植胶区推广面积达1333 hm2
橡胶树为高大乔木,其遗传背景复杂,大大增加组织培养难度。我国对橡胶树多品种的组织培养进行了大量研究[38-13],但受到基因型的影响,能够体胚发生的橡胶树品种较单一[14]。热研73397的体胚发生技术较成熟,研究也比较深入,包括悬浮培养[15]、次生体胚发生起源[16]、遗传稳定性检测[6]、体胚发生转录组测序[10]等,其生产工艺也得到不断改进[17],是最先实现大规模生产体胚苗的品种。近年来开展了探索热研917品种的体胚发生技术并投入规模化生产。未来有待开发更多橡胶树品种的体胚苗生产及推广。
本调查主要参考了香蕉组培苗[18],同时参考橡胶树[19]、油茶[20]、苹果[21]等苗木相关标准和文献,结合橡胶树体胚苗的特性,确定调查橡胶树体胚苗(试管苗)的指标为株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长度等指标。受到培养容器的限制,体胚苗的株高一般不超过20.0 cm,同一年份不同品种的体胚苗株高无明显差异。茎粗是衡量植株健壮的指标之一,在苗木质量标准中是必备参数之一。在调查的橡胶树体胚苗中,不同年份、不同品种的茎粗均很稳定,高度集中于1.50~3.00 mm之间。叶片是构成完整植株的一个部分,调查过程中发现,在后续的炼苗中,体胚苗缺少叶片则影响成活。本次调查结果显示,叶片数以1~3片占绝大多数,2个品种的叶片数在不同区间的分布有差异,但叶片数均值均为2片,且方差分析结果显示无显著差异。在油茶的苗木质量分级中,以侧根长作为评价根系的指标,但其数据浮动较大[20];在香蕉组培苗的苗木质量分级中,要求组培瓶苗至少有2条根[18]。然而,橡胶树体胚苗是经过体胚发生途径形成植株,具有明显的主根,结合在海南、广东植胶区为我国台风多发地的实际情况,认为深入土壤的主根能够帮助其抵御台风的侵害,最终以主根长度作为衡量橡胶树体胚苗质量的指标之一。调查结果显示,同一品种的橡胶树体胚苗主根长在不同年份稳定。根系是植物生长的根本,在调查橡胶树体胚苗的根系时,应注意保持根系的湿润,并尽快移栽到沙床上,减少对植株的损害。
橡胶树体胚苗是天然橡胶产业发展的新型种植材料,在2021年相继发布适用于橡胶树体胚苗的质量定级、生产技术的相关标准:海南省地方标准《橡胶树组培苗》(BD46/T 535—2021)[7]、农业行业标准《橡胶树自根幼态无性系种苗组培快繁技术规程》(NY/T 3981—2021)[22]
本研究调查中,统计了海南天然橡胶新型种植材料创新基地的生产数据,2019年全年炼苗166228株,最终有150 358株移栽育苗袋,炼苗成活率为90.5%。参照海南省地方标准《橡胶树组培苗》(BD/T 535—2021),本研究调查的合格比例为79.71%,在炼苗成活范围内,因此,认为该标准有效保障了商品苗的质量。后期随着橡胶树多品种体胚苗的规模化生产、生产工艺在不同区域的推广,应当继续跟踪、广泛调查。
海南天然橡胶新型种植材料创新基地规模化生产橡胶树体胚苗,以株高、茎粗、叶片数、主根长度等指标进行调查,其质量稳定。但橡胶树体胚苗生产工艺具有一定技术难度,目前仅该基地能够实现规模化生产,本次调查结果为橡胶树体胚苗生产工艺的推广提供参考,为进一步制修订橡胶树体胚苗的行业和国家标准提供依据。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY204; ZDYF2021XDNY122)
  • 国家天然橡胶产业技术体系专项(CARS33)
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2024年第45卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.013
  • 接收时间:2022-09-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-16
  • 修回日期:2023-06-05
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY204; ZDYF2021XDNY122)
国家天然橡胶产业技术体系专项(CARS33)
作者信息
    中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市热带植物种苗创新重点实验室,海南海口 571101

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* 黄天带(HUANG Tiandai),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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