Article(id=1276600960088666195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683302400000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-06, revisedDate=1688486400000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782294986983, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782294986983, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782294986983, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782294986983, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276600957765021779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='6', pageStart='1095', pageEnd='1302', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1719244800000', pubDateStr='2024-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294986430, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782348406834, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276825019267285043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276825019271479348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276600957765021779, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1157, endPage=1166, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276600960369684565, articleId=1276600960088666195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Phenotypic Traits of Amomum tsao-ko Germplasm Resources at Different Areas in Nujiang, Yunnan, China, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The germplasm resources of Amomum tsao-ko (AT) at different altitudes in Nujiang, Yunnan were used as the materials to explore the genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of AT germplasm resources at different areas. The genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of AT was analyzed by measuring 8 agronomic phenotypic traits, using coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index, variance analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that there were large variations in the agronomic phenotypic traits, and the variation coefficient was 7.63%-32.51%, among which the variation coefficient of tiller number was the largest. The traits showed good diversity, H' (diversity index) was 1.933-2.355, with an average of 2.024. There were significant differences in the agronomic phenotypic traits among different germplasms. There was a significant positive correlation between fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit shape index and fruit weight. There was a significant positive correlation between fruit transverse diameter and fruit weight. There was a significant negative correlation between fruit shape index and leaf width. Cluster analysis divided the AT germplasm resources at different areas into two groups, among which the AT germplasm resources from the areas of Lushui and from Fugong were clustered into one group. Three principal components were extracted from eight agronomic phenotypic traits, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 76.940%, which could comprehensively reflect most of the information of agronomic phenotypic traits of AT. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that SD12, SD20, SD7, SD17, SD18 and SD5 were ranked in the top six, and the comprehensive performance was better. The genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of 24 AT germplasm resources in different areas of Nujiang, Yunnan is relatively rich, and the variability of AT germplasm resources in different areas is obvious. Among them, the agronomic phenotypic traits of SD12, SD20, SD7, SD17, SD18 and SD5 AT are better, which are more suitable for breeding.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yingping ZHANG, Xunzhi JI, Shaohong YU, Fan SU, Xiaowei QIN, Chaoyun HAO, Lianzhang WU, Fei XU, Juncai HE, Weidong HE, Shengjun YOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shengjun YOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276600961363734621, articleId=1276600960088666195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=云南怒江州不同地区草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性分析, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了探究不同地区草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性。以云南怒江州不同地区的草果种质资源为材料,通过测定其8个农艺表型性状,运用变异系数、遗传多样性指数、方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析与综合评价的方法分析草果农艺表型性状的遗传多样性。结果表明:各农艺表型性状均存在较大变异,变异系数为7.63%~ 32.51%,其中分蘖数的变异系数最大;各性状间表现出较好的多样性,shannon-wiener指数(Hʹ)范围为1.933~2.355,平均值为2.024;各农艺表型性状不同种质间存在显著差异(P<0.05);果实纵径与果型指数、果重存在极显著的正相关关系,果实横径与果重存在极显著的正相关关系,果型指数与叶宽存在显著负相关关系;聚类分析将不同地区草果种质资源分为2个类群,其中来自福贡县与来自泸水市的草果种质资源各自聚成一类;从8个农艺表型性状中共提取出3个主成分,累计贡献率达到76.940%,能综合反映草果农艺表型性状的大部分信息;综合评价结果表明,SD12、SD20、SD7、SD17、SD18、SD5排在前6位,综合表现较好。上述结果说明,云南怒江州不同地区24份草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性较为丰富,不同地区的草果种质资源变异性较明显,其中SD12、SD20、SD7、SD17、SD18、SD5草果的农艺表型性状综合表现较好,是较适合用于育种的优质种质资源。

, authors=

张映萍(1996—),女,硕士,助理农艺师,研究方向:香料加工。

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* 友胜军(YOU Shengjun),E-mail:
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张映萍(1996—),女,硕士,助理农艺师,研究方向:香料加工。

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张映萍(1996—),女,硕士,助理农艺师,研究方向:香料加工。

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3.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
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3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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3.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
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3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276824314632605770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, companyId=1276824314615828552, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.海南省特色热带作物适宜性加工与品质控制重点实验室,海南万宁 571533)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276824332303208607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Euclidean distance clustering diagram of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources, figureFileSmall=4hFDigKjzRZWwHBquvWQhA==, figureFileBig=1AZudyHMrV45/QL2jGeEfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276824332374511776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=图1, caption=草果种质资源农艺表型性状的欧式距离聚类图, figureFileSmall=4hFDigKjzRZWwHBquvWQhA==, figureFileBig=1AZudyHMrV45/QL2jGeEfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276824332630364321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Biplot of principal component analysis of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources, figureFileSmall=HLQKXdpe2hsGY4H2QsjxAA==, figureFileBig=PYDoB3o66LQ49WtsexlXnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276824332705861794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=图2, caption=草果种质资源农艺表型性状主成分分析的双标图, figureFileSmall=HLQKXdpe2hsGY4H2QsjxAA==, figureFileBig=PYDoB3o66LQ49WtsexlXnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276824332781359267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Number and source of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.来源Source海拔Altitude/m
SD1福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD2福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD3福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD4福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD5福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD6福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD7福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD8福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD9福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD10福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD11福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD12福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD13福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD14福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD15福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD16福贡县石月亮乡阿路底村1320
SD17福贡县石月亮乡阿路底村1320
SD18泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD19泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD20泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD21泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD22泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD23泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD24泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
), ArticleFig(id=1276824332861051044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

草果种质资源的编号及来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.来源Source海拔Altitude/m
SD1福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD2福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD3福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD4福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD5福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD6福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD7福贡县马吉乡布腊村1400
SD8福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD9福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD10福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD11福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD12福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD13福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD14福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD15福贡县马吉乡布施村1513
SD16福贡县石月亮乡阿路底村1320
SD17福贡县石月亮乡阿路底村1320
SD18泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD19泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD20泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD21泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD22泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD23泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
SD24泸水市鲁掌镇浪坝寨1800
), ArticleFig(id=1276824332932354213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Classification of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources

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等级Level观测值Observation
1X1<X-2σ
2X-2σX2<X-σ
3X-σX3<X
4XX4<X+σ
5X+σX5<X+2σ
6X6X+2σ
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333016240294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

草果种质资源农艺表型性状观测值的等级划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级Level观测值Observation
1X1<X-2σ
2X-2σX2<X-σ
3X-σX3<X
4XX4<X+σ
5X+σX5<X+2σ
6X6X+2σ
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333104320679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Variation analysis of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko genetic resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait平均值Mean value极大值Maximum极小值Minimum极差Range标准差SD变异系数CV/%
纵径/mm39.1947.6429.4718.175.4613.92
横径/mm28.8135.3124.0211.292.207.63
果型指数1.371.741.120.610.1914.12
果重/g128.20192.7069.70123.0026.1720.41
株高/m2.543.221.731.480.4216.65
分蘖数5.218.002.006.001.6932.51
叶长/cm72.7694.0050.0044.009.3012.78
叶宽/cm23.2927.3318.678.672.6511.37
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333204983976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

草果种质资源农艺表型性状的变异分析

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性状Trait平均值Mean value极大值Maximum极小值Minimum极差Range标准差SD变异系数CV/%
纵径/mm39.1947.6429.4718.175.4613.92
横径/mm28.8135.3124.0211.292.207.63
果型指数1.371.741.120.610.1914.12
果重/g128.20192.7069.70123.0026.1720.41
株高/m2.543.221.731.480.4216.65
分蘖数5.218.002.006.001.6932.51
叶长/cm72.7694.0050.0044.009.3012.78
叶宽/cm23.2927.3318.678.672.6511.37
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333301452969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Diversity and frequency distribution of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait频率分布Frequency distributionH'
123456
纵径/mm0.0000.4710.5280.5000.4710.0001.971
横径/mm0.1910.1910.5000.5180.2990.1911.890
果型指数0.0000.4710.5280.4710.5000.0001.971
果重/g0.1910.3750.5280.5260.1910.1912.003
株高/m0.0000.4710.5280.5000.4710.0001.971
分蘖数0.3750.5180.4710.1910.5000.2992.355
叶长/cm0.1910.2990.5260.5180.3750.1912.101
叶宽/cm0.0000.4710.5000.5310.4310.0001.933
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333385339050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

草果种质资源农艺表型性状的多样性及频率分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait频率分布Frequency distributionH'
123456
纵径/mm0.0000.4710.5280.5000.4710.0001.971
横径/mm0.1910.1910.5000.5180.2990.1911.890
果型指数0.0000.4710.5280.4710.5000.0001.971
果重/g0.1910.3750.5280.5260.1910.1912.003
株高/m0.0000.4710.5280.5000.4710.0001.971
分蘖数0.3750.5180.4710.1910.5000.2992.355
叶长/cm0.1910.2990.5260.5180.3750.1912.101
叶宽/cm0.0000.4710.5000.5310.4310.0001.933
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333456642219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Variance analysis analysis of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko genetic resources

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编号No.农艺表型性状Agronomic phenotypic traits
纵径Longitudinal diameter/mm横径Transverse diameter/mm果型指数Fruit shape index株高Plant height/m叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm
SD144.91±2.76ab28.65±3.55defg1.58±0.16bcd2.53±0.12cdefgh82.67±13.01abc22.67±2.52cdefgij
SD235.32±2.74ef31.55±2.73bc1.12±0.08j2.73±0.21abcdef61.67±12.58def25.00±3.00abcde
SD331.66±2.95fg27.85±1.88defg1.14±0.09j2.77±0.31abcdef64.67±8.74cdef27.33±1.53a
SD438.92±3.64d28.31±2.78defg1.38±0.15fg2.14±0.21hij67.00±12.77cdef27.00±2.65ab
SD543.61±3.83bc29.22±1.71cdef1.49±0.10de2.98±0.10abc79.00±2.65abcd24.67±1.53abcde
SD633.48±2.37f26.38±1.60g1.27±0.06ghi1.92±0.08ij74.00±11.00bcdef22.00±2.00defgij
SD738.75±4.17d29.66±1.15cdef1.31±0.12gh3.20±0.26a75.67±10.69bcdef26.33±1.53abc
SD834.17±2.38ef29.83±2.06cde1.15±0.11j2.50±0.46defgh72.67±9.71bcdef26.33±0.58abc
SD946.40±4.13ab28.24±2.32defg1.65±0.19ab2.08±0.37hij77.00±9.85bcde23.33±3.06abcdefg
SD1042.50±4.76bc27.17±1.71fg1.56±0.14bcd2.66±0.05bcdefg50.00±8.66f20.00±0.00fgij
SD1147.64±4.03a27.48±1.75efg1.74±0.12a2.28±0.03fghi71.67±8.62bcdef19.00±3.46ij
SD1244.09±4.51abc32.29±2.05b1.36±0.07fg3.22±0.24a84.00±7.94abc25.67±0.58abcd
SD1334.01±5.72ef27.20±2.20fg1.25±0.16hij2.31±0.04fghi65.33±5.03cdef23.00±2.65bcdefgi
SD1437.36±3.62de29.64±3.87cdef1.27±0.12ghi2.73±0.16abcdef71.33±6.03bcdef22.00±1.73defgij
SD1533.06±1.75f27.60±2.03defg1.20±0.07hij2.10±0.70hij71.00±11.00bcdef18.67±4.04j
SD1645.22±2.48ab27.91±0.81defg1.62±0.09bc1.73±0.15j59.33±7.02ef21.33±0.58efgij
SD1743.57±4.90bc30.15±2.59bcd1.45±0.12ef3.11±0.01ab78.67±3.21abcde23.67±0.58abcdefg
SD1844.34±4.79abc29.23±1.80cdef1.52±0.13cde2.87±0.25abcde74.00±5.29bcdef25.67±1.53abcd
SD1938.84±2.99d28.31±1.11defg1.37±0.11fg2.43±0.15efgh68.67±5.13cdef21.00±0.00efgij
SD2041.02±5.06cd35.31±2.71a1.17±0.16ij2.90±0.10abcde68.33±7.23cdef24.33±0.58abcdef
SD2134.08±4.04ef30.16±2.62bcd1.13±0.06j2.20±0.10ghij72.67±11.37bcdef20.33±2.08efgij
SD2233.17±2.77f27.82±2.85defg1.20±0.10hij2.47±0.32efgh77.00±6.24bcde24.67±2.52abcde
SD2329.47±4.08g24.02±3.33h1.23±0.06hij3.03±0.29abc86.00±5.29ab25.67±1.53abcd
SD2445.02±3.04ab27.45±1.44efg1.64±0.09ab2.07±0.21hij94.00±2.65a19.33±2.31gij
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333544722604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

草果种质资源农艺表型性状的方差分析

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编号No.农艺表型性状Agronomic phenotypic traits
纵径Longitudinal diameter/mm横径Transverse diameter/mm果型指数Fruit shape index株高Plant height/m叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm
SD144.91±2.76ab28.65±3.55defg1.58±0.16bcd2.53±0.12cdefgh82.67±13.01abc22.67±2.52cdefgij
SD235.32±2.74ef31.55±2.73bc1.12±0.08j2.73±0.21abcdef61.67±12.58def25.00±3.00abcde
SD331.66±2.95fg27.85±1.88defg1.14±0.09j2.77±0.31abcdef64.67±8.74cdef27.33±1.53a
SD438.92±3.64d28.31±2.78defg1.38±0.15fg2.14±0.21hij67.00±12.77cdef27.00±2.65ab
SD543.61±3.83bc29.22±1.71cdef1.49±0.10de2.98±0.10abc79.00±2.65abcd24.67±1.53abcde
SD633.48±2.37f26.38±1.60g1.27±0.06ghi1.92±0.08ij74.00±11.00bcdef22.00±2.00defgij
SD738.75±4.17d29.66±1.15cdef1.31±0.12gh3.20±0.26a75.67±10.69bcdef26.33±1.53abc
SD834.17±2.38ef29.83±2.06cde1.15±0.11j2.50±0.46defgh72.67±9.71bcdef26.33±0.58abc
SD946.40±4.13ab28.24±2.32defg1.65±0.19ab2.08±0.37hij77.00±9.85bcde23.33±3.06abcdefg
SD1042.50±4.76bc27.17±1.71fg1.56±0.14bcd2.66±0.05bcdefg50.00±8.66f20.00±0.00fgij
SD1147.64±4.03a27.48±1.75efg1.74±0.12a2.28±0.03fghi71.67±8.62bcdef19.00±3.46ij
SD1244.09±4.51abc32.29±2.05b1.36±0.07fg3.22±0.24a84.00±7.94abc25.67±0.58abcd
SD1334.01±5.72ef27.20±2.20fg1.25±0.16hij2.31±0.04fghi65.33±5.03cdef23.00±2.65bcdefgi
SD1437.36±3.62de29.64±3.87cdef1.27±0.12ghi2.73±0.16abcdef71.33±6.03bcdef22.00±1.73defgij
SD1533.06±1.75f27.60±2.03defg1.20±0.07hij2.10±0.70hij71.00±11.00bcdef18.67±4.04j
SD1645.22±2.48ab27.91±0.81defg1.62±0.09bc1.73±0.15j59.33±7.02ef21.33±0.58efgij
SD1743.57±4.90bc30.15±2.59bcd1.45±0.12ef3.11±0.01ab78.67±3.21abcde23.67±0.58abcdefg
SD1844.34±4.79abc29.23±1.80cdef1.52±0.13cde2.87±0.25abcde74.00±5.29bcdef25.67±1.53abcd
SD1938.84±2.99d28.31±1.11defg1.37±0.11fg2.43±0.15efgh68.67±5.13cdef21.00±0.00efgij
SD2041.02±5.06cd35.31±2.71a1.17±0.16ij2.90±0.10abcde68.33±7.23cdef24.33±0.58abcdef
SD2134.08±4.04ef30.16±2.62bcd1.13±0.06j2.20±0.10ghij72.67±11.37bcdef20.33±2.08efgij
SD2233.17±2.77f27.82±2.85defg1.20±0.10hij2.47±0.32efgh77.00±6.24bcde24.67±2.52abcde
SD2329.47±4.08g24.02±3.33h1.23±0.06hij3.03±0.29abc86.00±5.29ab25.67±1.53abcd
SD2445.02±3.04ab27.45±1.44efg1.64±0.09ab2.07±0.21hij94.00±2.65a19.33±2.31gij
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333662163117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Correlation analysis of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农艺表型性状Agronomic phenotypic traits纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse diameter果型指数Fruit shape index果重Fruit weight株高Plant height分蘖数Tiller number叶长Leaf length叶宽Leaf width
纵径1
横径0.2501
果型指数0.876**–0.2441
果重0.709**0.839**0.2951
株高–0.0110.396*–0.2290.3081
分蘖数0.0360.098–0.0140.0970.1151
叶长0.128–0.0720.1500.0400.192–0.3191
叶宽–0.2480.242–0.385*0.0620.562**0.0230.0821
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333762826414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

草果种质资源农艺表型性状的相关性分析

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农艺表型性状Agronomic phenotypic traits纵径Longitudinal diameter横径Transverse diameter果型指数Fruit shape index果重Fruit weight株高Plant height分蘖数Tiller number叶长Leaf length叶宽Leaf width
纵径1
横径0.2501
果型指数0.876**–0.2441
果重0.709**0.839**0.2951
株高–0.0110.396*–0.2290.3081
分蘖数0.0360.098–0.0140.0970.1151
叶长0.128–0.0720.1500.0400.192–0.3191
叶宽–0.2480.242–0.385*0.0620.562**0.0230.0821
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333842518191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Cluster analysis of 8 agronomic phenotypic traits of different groups of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait聚类分析Cluster analysis
第一类群he first group第二类群he second group
纵径/mm43.3235.06
横径/mm29.7627.86
果型指数1.471.26
果重/g147.94108.45
株高/m2.642.44
分蘖数6.005.00
叶长/cm75.5170.03
叶宽/cm23.4223.17
), ArticleFig(id=1276824333926404272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同类群草果种质资源的8个农艺表型性状比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait聚类分析Cluster analysis
第一类群he first group第二类群he second group
纵径/mm43.3235.06
横径/mm29.7627.86
果型指数1.471.26
果重/g147.94108.45
株高/m2.642.44
分蘖数6.005.00
叶长/cm75.5170.03
叶宽/cm23.4223.17
), ArticleFig(id=1276824334022873265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Principal component Analysis of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources

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农艺表型性状Agronomic phenotypic traits主成分Principal component
PC1PC2PC3
纵径0.891–0.4120.039
横径0.6380.604–0.177
果型指数0.574–0.7250.112
果重0.9420.229–0.087
株高0.2740.7330.243
分蘖数0.1090.150–0.699
叶长0.135–0.0330.849
叶宽–0.040.7610.236
特征值(λ)2.5242.2541.377
贡献率/%31.55228.17617.212
累计贡献率/%31.55259.72876.940
), ArticleFig(id=1276824334098370738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

草果种质资源农艺表型性状的主成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农艺表型性状Agronomic phenotypic traits主成分Principal component
PC1PC2PC3
纵径0.891–0.4120.039
横径0.6380.604–0.177
果型指数0.574–0.7250.112
果重0.9420.229–0.087
株高0.2740.7330.243
分蘖数0.1090.150–0.699
叶长0.135–0.0330.849
叶宽–0.040.7610.236
特征值(λ)2.5242.2541.377
贡献率/%31.55228.17617.212
累计贡献率/%31.55259.72876.940
), ArticleFig(id=1276824334169673907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=EN, label=Tab. 9, caption=

Comprehensive scores Analysis of agronomic phenotypic traits of A. tsao-ko germplasm resources

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编号No.F1F2F3综合得分Comprehensive scores排序Order
SD12.340.320.391.168
SD21.531.520.051.207
SD30.821.530.260.9612
SD41.440.770.360.9513
SD52.320.930.191.336
SD60.800.350.220.5024
SD71.831.430.631.413
SD81.181.350.431.079
SD92.30–0.040.491.0410
SD101.900.15–0.37–0.3720
SD112.37–0.520.451.0415
SD122.521.340.961.741
SD130.960.75–0.11–0.1122
SD141.510.860.350.3511
SD150.890.300.170.1723
SD162.06–0.27–0.31–0.3121
SD172.311.000.160.165
SD182.360.910.220.224
SD191.560.410.270.2717
SD202.521.71–0.11–0.112
SD211.250.81–0.15–0.1519
SD220.981.040.390.3916
SD230.471.180.770.7718
SD242.11–0.460.840.8414
), ArticleFig(id=1276824334253559988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276600960088666195, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

草果种质资源农艺表型性状的综合评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.F1F2F3综合得分Comprehensive scores排序Order
SD12.340.320.391.168
SD21.531.520.051.207
SD30.821.530.260.9612
SD41.440.770.360.9513
SD52.320.930.191.336
SD60.800.350.220.5024
SD71.831.430.631.413
SD81.181.350.431.079
SD92.30–0.040.491.0410
SD101.900.15–0.37–0.3720
SD112.37–0.520.451.0415
SD122.521.340.961.741
SD130.960.75–0.11–0.1122
SD141.510.860.350.3511
SD150.890.300.170.1723
SD162.06–0.27–0.31–0.3121
SD172.311.000.160.165
SD182.360.910.220.224
SD191.560.410.270.2717
SD202.521.71–0.11–0.112
SD211.250.81–0.15–0.1519
SD220.981.040.390.3916
SD230.471.180.770.7718
SD242.11–0.460.840.8414
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云南怒江州不同地区草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性分析
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张映萍 1 , 吉训志 2, 3, 4 , 余少洪 1 , 苏凡 2, 3, 4 , 秦晓威 1, 2, 3, 4 , 郝朝运 1, 2, 3, 4 , 吴莲张 1 , 徐飞 2, 3, 4 , 和俊才 1 , 和卫东 1 , 友胜军 1, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2024,45(6): 1157-1166
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2024 , 45 (6) : 1157 -1166
云南怒江州不同地区草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性分析
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张映萍(1996—),女,硕士,助理农艺师,研究方向:香料加工。

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3.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
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3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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3.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
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3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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3.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
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2.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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2.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
3.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
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3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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张映萍1, 吉训志2, 3, 4, 余少洪1, 苏凡2, 3, 4, 秦晓威1, 2, 3, 4, 郝朝运1, 2, 3, 4, 吴莲张1, 徐飞2, 3, 4, 和俊才1, 和卫东1, 友胜军1, *
作者信息
  • 1.怒江绿色香料产业研究院,云南怒江 673200
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
  • 3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
  • 4.海南省特色热带作物适宜性加工与品质控制重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
通讯作者:
* 友胜军(YOU Shengjun),E-mail:
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Phenotypic Traits of Amomum tsao-ko Germplasm Resources at Different Areas in Nujiang, Yunnan, China
Yingping ZHANG1, Xunzhi JI2, 3, 4, Shaohong YU1, Fan SU2, 3, 4, Xiaowei QIN1, 2, 3, 4, Chaoyun HAO1, 2, 3, 4, Lianzhang WU1, Fei XU2, 3, 4, Juncai HE1, Weidong HE1, Shengjun YOU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Nujiang Green Spice Industry Research Institute, Nujiang, Yunnan, 673200, China
  • 2.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 3.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 4.Key Laboratory of Processing Suitability and Quality Control of the Special Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.007
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为了探究不同地区草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性。以云南怒江州不同地区的草果种质资源为材料,通过测定其8个农艺表型性状,运用变异系数、遗传多样性指数、方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析与综合评价的方法分析草果农艺表型性状的遗传多样性。结果表明:各农艺表型性状均存在较大变异,变异系数为7.63%~ 32.51%,其中分蘖数的变异系数最大;各性状间表现出较好的多样性,shannon-wiener指数(Hʹ)范围为1.933~2.355,平均值为2.024;各农艺表型性状不同种质间存在显著差异(P<0.05);果实纵径与果型指数、果重存在极显著的正相关关系,果实横径与果重存在极显著的正相关关系,果型指数与叶宽存在显著负相关关系;聚类分析将不同地区草果种质资源分为2个类群,其中来自福贡县与来自泸水市的草果种质资源各自聚成一类;从8个农艺表型性状中共提取出3个主成分,累计贡献率达到76.940%,能综合反映草果农艺表型性状的大部分信息;综合评价结果表明,SD12、SD20、SD7、SD17、SD18、SD5排在前6位,综合表现较好。上述结果说明,云南怒江州不同地区24份草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性较为丰富,不同地区的草果种质资源变异性较明显,其中SD12、SD20、SD7、SD17、SD18、SD5草果的农艺表型性状综合表现较好,是较适合用于育种的优质种质资源。

草果  /  农艺表型性状  /  遗传多样性  /  聚类分析  /  综合评价

The germplasm resources of Amomum tsao-ko (AT) at different altitudes in Nujiang, Yunnan were used as the materials to explore the genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of AT germplasm resources at different areas. The genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of AT was analyzed by measuring 8 agronomic phenotypic traits, using coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index, variance analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that there were large variations in the agronomic phenotypic traits, and the variation coefficient was 7.63%-32.51%, among which the variation coefficient of tiller number was the largest. The traits showed good diversity, H' (diversity index) was 1.933-2.355, with an average of 2.024. There were significant differences in the agronomic phenotypic traits among different germplasms. There was a significant positive correlation between fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit shape index and fruit weight. There was a significant positive correlation between fruit transverse diameter and fruit weight. There was a significant negative correlation between fruit shape index and leaf width. Cluster analysis divided the AT germplasm resources at different areas into two groups, among which the AT germplasm resources from the areas of Lushui and from Fugong were clustered into one group. Three principal components were extracted from eight agronomic phenotypic traits, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 76.940%, which could comprehensively reflect most of the information of agronomic phenotypic traits of AT. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that SD12, SD20, SD7, SD17, SD18 and SD5 were ranked in the top six, and the comprehensive performance was better. The genetic diversity of the agronomic phenotypic traits of 24 AT germplasm resources in different areas of Nujiang, Yunnan is relatively rich, and the variability of AT germplasm resources in different areas is obvious. Among them, the agronomic phenotypic traits of SD12, SD20, SD7, SD17, SD18 and SD5 AT are better, which are more suitable for breeding.

Amomum tsao-ko  /  agronomic phenotypic traits  /  genetic diversity  /  cluster analysis  /  comprehensive evaluation
张映萍, 吉训志, 余少洪, 苏凡, 秦晓威, 郝朝运, 吴莲张, 徐飞, 和俊才, 和卫东, 友胜军. 云南怒江州不同地区草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1157 -1166 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.007
Yingping ZHANG, Xunzhi JI, Shaohong YU, Fan SU, Xiaowei QIN, Chaoyun HAO, Lianzhang WU, Fei XU, Juncai HE, Weidong HE, Shengjun YOU. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Agronomic Phenotypic Traits of Amomum tsao-ko Germplasm Resources at Different Areas in Nujiang, Yunnan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (6) : 1157 -1166 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.007
草果(Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire)为姜科豆蔻属多年生常绿丛生草本经济植物,又称草豆蔻、草果子、草果仁,适宜生长在海拔1200~2000 m、年平均温度17~19 ℃、年平均降雨量1000~1600 mm、相对湿度80%~85%的阔叶林中,果实成熟呈红、棕红、深红等果色[1]。草果种植3~4年后即可开花结果,可连续结果20年以上,草果是传统的中药材和调味品,具有巨大的经济价值[2]
由于草果是具柱头卷曲机制的姜科植物(柱头卷曲机制是通过柱头的卷曲运动而改变其位置,避免自交、促进杂交的独特、主动机制),使得草果花专性异交,杂交率高,导致草果农艺性状多样性高[3]。依据草果果实的外观特性,云南红河州的草果,主要有“圆形”、“椭圆形”以及“梭形”3种不同类型[4]。随着海拔梯度变化,会使得温度、湿度和光照强度等条件发生变化,使得草果出现生理生态适应性变化,从而改变其质量品质[5]。目前,云南怒江州地区草果的农艺表型性状及其遗传多样性研究尚未报道。基于此,本研究采取随机调查采样方式,对怒江州的福贡和泸水2个草果主产区的草果种质资源农艺表型性状进行测定,运用变异系数、遗传多样性指数、方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析与综合评价的方法对不同地区草果种质资源的农艺表型性状的遗传多样性进行分析,旨在初步探究怒江不同地区的草果种质资源多样性,以期为草果种质资源的开发利用和优良品种选育提供一定的理论参考。
随机调查于2022年11月在怒江州福贡县布腊、布施、石月亮乡以及鲁掌镇4个地区进行采样,依据草果果实性状与果色,随机挑选3株,对株高、分蘖数、叶长与叶宽等性状进行统计并采集果实,果实带回实验室进行拍照与研究分析。材料来源信息见表1
试验设备:普通卷尺,LA-S千粒重仪(杭州万深仪器有限公司)。
用卷尺从选定植株接近地面处到枝条最高处测量株高;随机选取同一株不同的叶片测量其叶长和叶宽;计算植株在地面上的分蘖数;挑取不同果型中相对一致的10个果实放在千粒重仪上,测定果重、果实纵径以及横径等果型指数。
采用shannon-wiener指数(H')进行遗传多样性分析评价,为了便于统计分析,对分蘖数(X)进行量化分级,分为6个级别:X1<3,3≤X2<4,4≤X3<5,5≤X4<6,6≤X5<7,X6≥7。
对本试验中除分蘖数以外的农艺表型性状进行分级(表2),算出每个农艺表型性状的平均观测值(X)和标准差(σ),根据X±K=0,1,2),计算每个性状相应级别的相对频率,最后计算H'[6]
式中,Pi为某个性状第i个级别出现的频率,如样品总个数为N,第i个级别个体数为Ni,则Pi=Ni/N
采用Microsoft Excel软件计算性状数据的标准差、平均值、最大值、最小值、变异系数、H'等。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析。
云南怒江州不同地区24份草果种质资源农艺表型性状多样性见表3。24份草果种质资源的果实性状主要有纵径、横径、果型指数、果重,平均值分别为39.19 mm、28.81 mm、1.37、128.20 g,其中果重的极差为123.00 g;株高平均值为2.54 m,极大值与极小值之间相差1.48 m;分蘖数平均值为5.21,极大值与极小值之间相差6.00;叶片性状主要有叶长和叶宽,平均值分别为72.76、23.29 cm。24份草果种质资源农艺表型性状的变异系数为7.63%~32.51%,其中果实横径变异系数最小,为7.63%(小于10.00%),分蘖数的变异系数最大,果重次之,除果实横径以外,其他的农艺表型性状的变异系数均大于10.00%。说明云南怒江州不同地区草果种质资源的变异性较大,以分蘖数的变异系数最大,果实横径变异系数最小,性状最为稳定。可见,怒江州不同地区草果种质资源遗传变异较为明显。
遗传多样性指数(H')可以反映植物表型性状的遗传多样性[7]。由表4可知,云南怒江州不同地区24份草果种质资源中各个农艺表型性状的H'范围为1.933~2.355,平均值为2.024,8种农艺表型性状多样性指数排序为分蘖数(2.355)>叶长(2.101)>果重(2.003)>纵径/果型指数/株高(1.971)>叶宽(1.933)>横径(1.890)。其中分蘖数的H'最大,叶长、果重次之,其中叶长在第1级和第6级分布频率相同,果重在第1、5、6级分布频率相同,说明各个农艺表型性状间表现出较好的多样性,其中不同地区草果的分蘖数、叶长、果重的多样性较高。而其余农艺表型性状的多样性指数均在2.000以下,表明不同地区草果种质资源的纵径、果型指数、株高、叶宽、横径等表型性状的多样性相对较低,其遗传性状相对稳定。
通过草果种质资源农艺表型性状的方差分析结果可知(表5),各农艺表型性状不同种质间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中SD11、SD9、SD1、SD16、SD24草果种质资源的纵径显著较大,SD23的纵径显著较小;SD20草果种质资源的横径最大,为(35.31±2.71)mm,SD6横径最小,为(26.38±1.60)mm;SD12、SD9、SD24草果种质资源的果型指数显著较高,SD2、SD3、SD21草果种质资源的果型指数最小,而SD13、SD15、SD22、SD23草果种质资源的果型指数差异不显著。SD12、SD7两份草果种质资源的株高最高,SD16的株高最矮;叶长方面,除了SD24草果种质资源的叶长显著较长和SD10的叶长显著较短以外,其他组草果种质资源的叶长均在(86.00±5.29)~(59.33±7.02)cm范围内;叶宽方面,SD3的叶宽最宽,为(27.33±1.53)cm,SD3的叶宽最窄,为(18.67±4.04)cm。
对怒江州不同地区24份草果种质资源的8个农艺表型性状进行相关性分析,结果显示(表6),部分农艺表型性状间存在显著相关性。果实纵径与果型指数、果重呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.876、0.709;果实横径与果重呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.839,与株高呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.396;果型指数与叶宽呈显著负相关,相关系数为–0.385,株高与叶宽呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.562。
对24份草果种质资源进行聚类分析,以欧氏距离为4可将其划分为两大类群(图1),各类群的农艺表型性状平均值见表7。其中第一类群(Ⅰ)包括17份草果种质资源,表现为果实性状中纵径较大,横径较大,果型指数较大,果重较重,株高较高,分蘖数≥6,叶长较长,叶宽更宽。第二类群(Ⅱ)包括SD18、SD19、SD20、SD21、SD22、SD23、SD24等7份草果种质资源,表现为果实性状中纵径较小,横径较小,果型指数较小,果重略轻,株高略矮,分蘖数小于5,叶长略短,叶宽略窄。可见,本试验中采自海拔1320~1513 m区域的草果种质资源多数聚为一类,组间亲缘关系较近,农艺表型性状的遗传变异程度小。而采自泸水市的7份草果种质资源聚为一类,农艺表型性状相似,组间亲缘关系较近。
24份草果的8个主要农艺性状进行主成分分析结果可知(表8),共提取出3个主成分,贡献率分别为31.552%、28.176%、17.212%,累计贡献率达到76.940%。第一主成分的特征值为2.524,贡献率为31.552%,果重是其主要指标,载荷值为0.942;第二主成分的特征值为2.254,贡献率为28.176%,叶宽是其主要指标,载荷值为0.761;第三主成分的特征值为1.377,贡献率为17.212%,叶长是其主要指标,载荷值为0.849。
通过将第一主成分作为X轴,将第二主成分作为Y轴来绘制PCA双标图(图2)。由图2可知,第一主成分的贡献率为31.552%,其中果重和纵径对样品分布贡献较大,均对样品分布有正贡献,其正向特征向量值分别为0.942、0.891(表8);第二主成分的贡献率为28.176%,叶宽和果型指数是主要贡献指标,叶宽对样品分布有正贡献,正向特征向量值为0.761,果型指数对样品分布有负贡献,负向特征向量值为–0.725。说明果重、纵径、叶宽、果型指数是贡献率高的指标,对样品分类贡献大,对草果种质资源样品的分布影响较大,可作为草果种质资源的评价指标。
参考徐泽俊等[8]的方法对24份草果种质资源进行综合评分。将标准化后的8个农艺表型性状代入上述主成分,可得到如下关系式:F1=0.891X1+0.638X2+0.574X3+0.942X4+0.274X5+0.109X6+0.135X7–0.04X8F2=–0.412X1+0.604X2–0.725X3+0.229X4+0.733X5+0.150X6–0.033X7+0.761X8F3=0.039X1–0.177X2+0.112X3–0.087X4+0.243X5–0.699X6+0.849X7+0.236X8。综合评价评分公式:F=(λ1/λ1+λ2+λ3F1+(λ2/λ1+λ2+λ3F2+(λ3/λ1+λ2+λ3F3λ1λ2λ3为3个主成分对应的特征值。根据F1F2F3的数值和主成分特征值贡献权重(0.410、0.366、0.224),由每个品种(样本)的综合评分公式F=0.410F1+0.366F2+0.224F3可计算出综合评分F值,F值越高表明该品种(样本)综合性状越优良,怒江州不同地区草果种质资源的综合评分见表9。24份草果种质资源农艺表型性状的综合评分排序为S D 1 2>S D 2 0>SD7>SD18=SD17>SD5>SD2>SD1>SD8>SD9>SD14>SD3>SD4>SD24=SD11>SD22>SD19>SD23>SD21>SD10>SD16>SD13>SD15>SD6,其中,综合评分平均值为1.01,SD12综合评分最高,为1.74,SD6综合评分最低,为0.50,说明SD12农艺表型性状的综合表现最好,SD6的综合表现最差。综合评分排在前6位的分别是SD12、SD20、SD7、SD17、SD18、SD5,得分分别为1.74、1.63、1.41、1.35、1.35、1.33,明显高于其他草果种质资源,说明这些种质资源的农艺表型性状综合表现较好。
植物的农艺表型性状是作物种质资源基因型和环境相互作用形成的一种表现形式,而形态学研究是一种将物种表型特征作为依据的生物遗传多样性研究方法,具有简单、直观、经济等特点,广泛应用于植物遗传多样性研究[9]。种质资源是作物品种改良的基本材料,也是进行遗传育种研究的物质基础[10]。尽管现代分子生物学技术(基因技术)能为种质资源研究提供稳定有效的方法[11],但仍需要进行作物种质资源表型性状的鉴定、调查、分析。云南省怒江州独特的高山峡谷风貌,造就了其草果种质资源的多样性,开展草果种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性研究,对草果种质资源保护和优质草果品种选育有重要意义。本研究对24份草果种质资源的农艺表型性状进行了较为全面的测定,并以此为依据对怒江州不同区域的草果进行农艺表型性状的遗传多样性分析。结果表明,8个农艺表型性状的变异系数为7.63%~32.51%,除果实横径以外,其他的农艺表型性状的变异系数均大于10.00%[12],说明这几种表型性状特征受环境影响较为明显,该结果与ZHANG等[13]的研究相似。8个农艺表型性状的H'范围为1.933~2.355,平均值为2.024(大于2.000),其中分蘖数、叶长、果重的多样性水平相对较高,说明24份草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性较为丰富,同时也表明分蘖数、叶长、果重3种表型性状在24份草果中遗传基础最广,其改良潜力大。兰秀等[6]研究调查了16份桄榔种质的表型性状发现不同地区的桄榔种质的表型性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,与本研究结果一致。
吕伟等[14]认为遗传多样性指数反映的是种质资源间性状的多样性,而变异系数的大小与某性状的变异范围呈正相关,即遗传多样性与变异系数间不存在相关关系。而本研究中分蘖数的变异系数和H'均为最高,果实横径变异系数和H'均为最低,其原因可能与本研究所采集的样本资源数量和所观测农艺性状较少有关。
聚类分析是按照性状相似程度进行分类的一种多元统计分析方法,分析结果客观科学[15]。聚类分析结果可反映不同资源品种间的遗传差异和亲缘关系,同一聚类类群内品种的农艺性状特征差异较小,而类群间品种的农艺性状特征差异较明显[16]。本研究中以8个农艺表型性状为指标对24份草果种质资源进行聚类分析,可将其划分为两大类群,其中来自福贡县区域的与来自泸水市的草果种质资源各自聚成一类,说明不同类群间的遗传差异性与不同区域显著相关,该结果与李德文等[17]的研究结果一致。此外,其农艺表型性状可能还与草果对种植区域、种植环境的适应能力也有一定关系,本研究中样本量采集偏少,且并未对产量性状和品质性状进行调查,研究结果可能存在一定局限性。因此,为了更加准确、全面、深入地了解怒江州草果种质资源的遗传多样性,还需不断补充收集其他区域的草果种质资源,采用农艺表型性状与DNA分子标记相结合的方法,对草果种质资源的主要农艺表型性状和品质性状进行遗传多样性分析,筛选出综合表型性状和品质性状均优良的草果种质资源,为草果品种改良和新品种选育提供核心亲本材料。
作物种质资源的综合评价作为育种研究的重要环节之一[18]。近年来研究者们对云南草果种质资源遗传多样性研究报道逐渐增多,但对云南怒江州地区草果农艺表型性状多样性的研究还相对较少,且对其进行综合评价的研究也相对较少。基于种质资源的农艺表型性状,利用隶属函数法与主成分分析相结合对种质资源进行综合评价的方法已在其他作物表型性状的综合评价中得到广泛应用[19]。本研究以农艺表型性状的综合评分F值的大小为依据,对24份草果种质资源进行综合评价,结果发现SD12、SD20、SD7、SD17、SD18、SD5草果农艺表型性状表现较好,可初步确定其属于较优质种质资源。胡一凡等[20]从基因水平上利用7对SSR引物对云南金平县的24个草果居群进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明,云南金平县草果的遗传多样性水平较高。今后,为促进怒江州草果种质资源保护和优质草果品种选育,可利用分子标记技术进一步在基因水平上对更多的草果种质材料进行遗传多样性分析,以期更加准确客观地了解怒江州草果种质资源的遗传本质。
通过变异系数、遗传多样性指数、方差分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析与综合评价的方法对云南省怒江州不同地区草果种质资源的农艺表型性状进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明,本研究中24份草果种质资源农艺表型性状的遗传多样性较为丰富,怒江州不同地区的草果种质资源变异性较明显,其中SD12、SD20、SD7、SD17、SD18、SD5草果资源的农艺表型性状综合表现较好,是较适合用于育种的优质种质资源。
  • 云南省郝朝运专家工作站“科技人才与平台计划”(202205AF150050)
  • 云南省科协谷风林专家工作站“国家科技资源共享服务平台”(NTPGRC2022-014)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630142022008)
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2024年第45卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.06.007
  • 接收时间:2023-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-06
  • 修回日期:2023-07-05
基金
云南省郝朝运专家工作站“科技人才与平台计划”(202205AF150050)
云南省科协谷风林专家工作站“国家科技资源共享服务平台”(NTPGRC2022-014)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630142022008)
作者信息
    1.怒江绿色香料产业研究院,云南怒江 673200
    2.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
    3.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
    4.海南省特色热带作物适宜性加工与品质控制重点实验室,海南万宁 571533

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* 友胜军(YOU Shengjun),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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