Article(id=1276598108079390928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276597973173801322, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687881600000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-28, revisedDate=1690992000000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782294307011, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782294307011, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782294307011, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782294307011, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276597973173801322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1303', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1721836800000', pubDateStr='2024-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294274847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782294274847, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1420, endPage=1430, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276598108331049170, articleId=1276598108079390928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Coffee Peel and Litter Mulch on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in Coffee Plantations, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an important component of terrestrial soil carbon reservoirs, the agricultural soil organic carbon pool is greatly influenced by cultivation patterns. Coffee, one of the major economic crops in tropical regions of the world, a minor changes of its cultivation pattern can significantly affect the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Mulching cultivation is one of the traditional cultivation models for coffee, but its impact on the organic carbon composition of coffee plantation soil is still unclear. Therefore, based on the previous research of our team using coffee peel and leaf litter as substitutes for traditional mulch to cultivate coffee, four mulching treatments were set up in this study: uncovered coffee waste (CK), coffee leaf litter mulch (L), coffee peel mulch (P), and both coffee peel and litter mulch (PL). Soil micro-environment, microbial community diversity and biomass, organic carbon fractions, and other indicators were monitored in the coffee plantation, and the intrinsic relationships between soil micro-environment, microbial community structure, and organic carbon fractions were analyzed to investigate the effects of coffee waste cover on soil components and the key driving factors. The results showed that coffee waste cover did not affect the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while coffee peel and litter mulch significantly increased the content of soil light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) by 13.31% and 14.12%, respectively. Coffee waste mulch did not affect soil micro-environment indicators or microbial diversity. Coffee peel cover significantly increased soil microbial biomass by 14.05%, and increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes by 18.60% and 80.77%, respectively, while reducing the abundance of Cyanobacteria by 70.14%, but had little impact on soil fungal community. Coffee litter mulch significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes by 14.43% and 57.63%, respectively, while reduced the abundance of Cyanobacteria by 73.43%, and significantly increased the relative abundance of dominant fungi Ascomycota by 14.79%. The reason why coffee waste mulch did not affect the soil organic carbon content is mainly attributable to the insensitivity response of HFOC content to coffee waste mulching. The increase of microbial biomass and the increase relative abundance of Firmicutes are the main reasons to enhance the excitation effect caused by external organic carbon input, thus significantly increasing the content of soil LFOC content. The short-term mulch of coffee waste significantly increased the content of soil LFOC content, which is contribute to improve the soil carbon storage of coffee plantations and optimize the green and low-carbon production mode of coffee.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ang ZHANG, Susen CHEN, Jun TAN, Xingjun LIN, Qingyun ZHAO, Yan SUN, Yunping DONG, Lin YAN, Yuzhou LONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jun TAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276598110822465756, articleId=1276598108079390928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=咖啡果皮与枯落物覆盖对土壤有机碳组分的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

农田土壤有机碳库作为陆地土壤碳库的重要组成部分,其有机碳储量受到种植模式等人为干预的强烈影响。咖啡作为世界热带地区种植面积较大的的经济作物之一,其栽培模式的微小变化即可显著影响陆地生态系统的碳收支平衡。覆盖栽培是咖啡的传统栽培模式之一,然而其对咖啡园土壤有机碳组分的影响仍不明确。因此,本研究基于课题组前期使用咖啡果皮与枯落物等咖啡废弃物替代传统覆盖物对咖啡进行覆盖栽培,采用完全随机区组设计,分别设置未覆盖咖啡废弃物(CK)、覆盖咖啡枯落物(L)、覆盖咖啡果皮(P)和覆盖咖啡枯落物+果皮(PL)4种处理;监测咖啡园的土壤微环境、微生物群落多样性及生物量碳、有机碳组分等指标,通过分析土壤微环境、微生物群落结构与有机碳组分之间的内在关系,明确覆盖咖啡废弃物对土壤碳组分的影响及其关键驱动因子。结果显示:覆盖咖啡果皮与枯落物均不影响土壤有机碳、重组有机碳和可溶性有机碳含量,而分别显著提高土壤轻组有机碳含量13.31%和14.12%。覆盖咖啡废弃物不影响土壤微环境指标与微生物群落多样性。覆盖咖啡果皮显著提高土壤微生物量碳14.05%,并且分别显著增加变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度18.60%和80.77%,并减少蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度70.14%,却对土壤真菌群落的影响较小;而覆盖咖啡枯落物分别显著增加变形菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度14.43%和57.63%,并减少蓝细菌门相对丰度73.43%,同时显著提高真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度14.79%。本研究中咖啡废弃物覆盖不影响土壤有机碳含量主要归因于重组有机碳等主要土壤有机碳组分对咖啡废弃物覆盖处理不敏感;而咖啡废弃物覆盖引起微生物量碳的提高以及厚壁菌门在土壤微生物群落相对丰度的增加,促进了外源有机碳输入引起的激发效应,是显著提高土壤轻组有机碳含量的主要原因之一。咖啡废弃物短期覆盖显著提高土壤轻组有机碳含量,有助于提升咖啡园土壤碳固存以及为优化咖啡绿色低碳生产模式提供理论支撑。

, authors=

张昂(1991—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:作物高效栽培。

, authorsList=张昂, 陈苏森, 谭军, 林兴军, 赵青云, 孙燕, 董云萍, 闫林, 龙宇宙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谭军, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谭军(TAN Jun),E-mail:
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张昂(1991—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:作物高效栽培。

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张昂(1991—),男,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:作物高效栽培。

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Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2021, 33: 102009., articleTitle=Biodiversity, and biotechnological contribution of beneficial soil microbiomes for nutrient cycling, plant growth improvement and nutrient uptake, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276598341949587685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, awardId=322QN406; 321QN327, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN406; 321QN327), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276598342020890854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, awardId=31901469, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(31901469), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276598322915836041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598322924224650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, companyId=1276598322915836041, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Wanning Observation and Experiment Station of National Agricultural Science, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598322932613259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, companyId=1276598322915836041, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/国家农业科学万宁观测实验站,海南万宁 571533)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276598323029082252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598323062636685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, companyId=1276598323029082252, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598323071025294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, companyId=1276598323029082252, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276598323125551248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598323133939857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, companyId=1276598323125551248, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Dong Yunping Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598323142328466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, companyId=1276598323125551248, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.云南省董云萍专家工作站,云南普洱 665099)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276598323343655060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598323347849365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, companyId=1276598323343655060, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Yanlin Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598323356237974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, companyId=1276598323343655060, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.云南省闫林专家工作站,云南保山 678000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276598340473192659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of different coffee waste coverings on soil organic carbon components

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=8CLQ4PtoGlZVxJfIa9copw==, figureFileBig=ftt4lLIVqZt/AXJtLxO6Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598340540301524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同咖啡废弃物覆盖对土壤有机碳组分的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=8CLQ4PtoGlZVxJfIa9copw==, figureFileBig=ftt4lLIVqZt/AXJtLxO6Xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598340645159125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of different coffee waste coverings on soil microbial carbon and diversity

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=hsceHumFohP1sdESZlhyJg==, figureFileBig=QaJg00FVi0uvKhSrIF2anQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598340733239510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同咖啡废弃物覆盖对土壤微生物量碳和多样性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=hsceHumFohP1sdESZlhyJg==, figureFileBig=QaJg00FVi0uvKhSrIF2anQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598340812931287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Correlation analysis of soil carbon components, microenvironment and microbial indicators covered with different coffee waste coverings

* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=hkcJMGeOvy+NqhLeEFbTbw==, figureFileBig=/gt4ZSdPxWFJN/vPSv3faw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598340875845848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同咖啡废弃物覆盖土壤碳组分与微环境、微生物指标的相关性分析

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=hkcJMGeOvy+NqhLeEFbTbw==, figureFileBig=/gt4ZSdPxWFJN/vPSv3faw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598340942954713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Redundancy analysis (RDA) of soil organic carbon components and dominant soil microbial community phyla

Prot: Proteobacteria; Acti: Actinobacteriota; Acid; Acidobacteriota; Chlo: Chloroflexi; Firm: Firmicutes; Gemm: Gemmatimonadota; Myxo: Myxococcota; Meth: Methylomirabilota; Bact: Bacteroidota; Cyan: Cyanobacteria; Verr: Verrucomicrobiota; Asco: Ascomycota, Basi: Basidiomycota; Chyt: Chytridiomycota; Roze: Rozellomycota; Mort: Mortierellomycota; Glom: Glomeromycota.

, figureFileSmall=RtKq65q7cO3HV4Tn2WLWqA==, figureFileBig=6/j1TA87LyQBxhWUIaVq6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598341022646490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=图4, caption=土壤有机碳组分与微生物群落优势菌门的冗余分析(RDA)

Prot:变形菌门;Acti:放线菌门;Acid:酸杆菌门;Chlo:绿弯菌门;Firm:厚壁菌门;Gemm:芽单胞菌门;Myxo:粘球菌门;Meth:Methylomirabilota;Bact:拟杆菌门;Cyan:蓝细菌门;Verr:疣微菌门;Asco:子囊菌门;Basi:担子菌门;Chyt:壶菌门,Roze:罗兹菌门;Mort:被孢霉门;Glom:球囊菌门。

, figureFileSmall=RtKq65q7cO3HV4Tn2WLWqA==, figureFileBig=6/j1TA87LyQBxhWUIaVq6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598341127504091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Two-way ANOVA of variance on soil organic carbon components under different coffee waste coverings (F value)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment土壤有机碳SOC土壤可溶性有机碳DOC土壤轻组有机碳LFOC土壤重组有机碳HFOC
P1.233.675.01*0.30
L0.323.525.60*0.01
P×L0.200.210.030.13
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341207195868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同啡废弃物覆盖对土壤有机碳组分的双因素方差分析(F值)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment土壤有机碳SOC土壤可溶性有机碳DOC土壤轻组有机碳LFOC土壤重组有机碳HFOC
P1.233.675.01*0.30
L0.323.525.60*0.01
P×L0.200.210.030.13
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341282693341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effect of different coffee waste coverings on soil micro-environment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexCKLPPL
pH6.01±0.03a6.01±0.01a6.03±0.04a6.02±0.01a
土壤温度/℃21.90±0.37a21.98±0.20a21.55±0.25a21.38±0.17a
土壤含水量/%21.75±0.77b21.90±0.62b23.35±0.46ab23.62±0.50a
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341341413598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同咖啡废弃物覆盖对土壤微环境的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexCKLPPL
pH6.01±0.03a6.01±0.01a6.03±0.04a6.02±0.01a
土壤温度/℃21.90±0.37a21.98±0.20a21.55±0.25a21.38±0.17a
土壤含水量/%21.75±0.77b21.90±0.62b23.35±0.46ab23.62±0.50a
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341425299679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Two-way ANOVA on soil micro-environment under different coffee waste coverings (F value)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH土壤温度ST土壤湿度SM
P1.483.420.26
L0.020.044.30
P×L0.020.240.44
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341492408544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同啡废弃物覆盖对土壤微环境的双因素方差分析(F值)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH土壤温度ST土壤湿度SM
P1.483.420.26
L0.020.044.30
P×L0.020.240.44
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341559517409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Two-way ANOVA on soil microbial carbon content and diversity under different coffee waste coverings (F value)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment土壤微生物量碳MBC多样性指数H'
P11.89**1.78
L1.842.65
P×L0.202.26
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341630820578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同啡废弃物覆盖对土壤微生物量碳及多样性的双因素方差分析(F值)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment土壤微生物量碳MBC多样性指数H'
P11.89**1.78
L1.842.65
P×L0.202.26
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341714706659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Effect of different coffee waste coverings on soil microbial dominant microbial community

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类群Group门Phylum相对丰度Relative abundance/%
CKPLPL
细菌变形菌门Proteobacteria22.14±1.62b24.18±0.16ab25.08±0.76b29.85±2.74a
放线菌门Actinobacteriota20.56±1.83a26.70±1.64a25.56±0.27a21.79±1.77a
酸杆菌门Acidobacteriota18.38±1.48a16.80±2.27a16.27±1.31a15.20±3.52a
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi14.29±1.77a13.18±0.88a12.46±0.40a10.71±1.16a
厚壁菌门Firmicutes2.43±1.44b2.03±0.16b2.43±0.18b5.64±1.07a
芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadota2.39±0.35b3.30±0.17a3.23±0.16a2.24±0.19b
粘球菌门Myxococcota2.77±0.41a2.53±0.07a3.02±0.17a2.74±0.17a
Methylomirabilota1.61±0.28a1.93±0.30a1.66±0.12a2.01±0.19a
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota1.71±0.19a1.65±0.04a2.11±0.19a1.67±0.10a
蓝菌门Cyanobacteria4.33±0.68a0.92±0.23b1.06±0.12b0.51±0.09b
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobiota1.28±0.16a0.91±0.08a1.02±0.19a1.14±0.38a
真菌子囊菌门Ascomycota59.91±4.01b80.05±2.96a76.58±1.78a76.63±2.01a
担子菌门Basidiomycota14.60±6.04a7.19±1.64a11.36±2.09a6.23±0.77a
壶菌门Chytridiomycota7.63±1.13a4.89±0.84b6.55±0.74ab6.66±0.47ab
罗兹菌门Rozellomycota13.52±8.04a3.50±1.27a0.67±0.11a5.23±0.88a
球囊菌门Glomeromycota2.05±0.48a1.65±0.20a1.17±0.20a2.22±0.49a
被孢霉门Mortierellomycota1.32±0.56a2.14±0.86a3.49±0.74a2.02±0.79a
), ArticleFig(id=1276598341802787044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598108079390928, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同咖啡废弃物覆盖对土壤微生物优势菌群的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类群Group门Phylum相对丰度Relative abundance/%
CKPLPL
细菌变形菌门Proteobacteria22.14±1.62b24.18±0.16ab25.08±0.76b29.85±2.74a
放线菌门Actinobacteriota20.56±1.83a26.70±1.64a25.56±0.27a21.79±1.77a
酸杆菌门Acidobacteriota18.38±1.48a16.80±2.27a16.27±1.31a15.20±3.52a
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi14.29±1.77a13.18±0.88a12.46±0.40a10.71±1.16a
厚壁菌门Firmicutes2.43±1.44b2.03±0.16b2.43±0.18b5.64±1.07a
芽单胞菌门Gemmatimonadota2.39±0.35b3.30±0.17a3.23±0.16a2.24±0.19b
粘球菌门Myxococcota2.77±0.41a2.53±0.07a3.02±0.17a2.74±0.17a
Methylomirabilota1.61±0.28a1.93±0.30a1.66±0.12a2.01±0.19a
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota1.71±0.19a1.65±0.04a2.11±0.19a1.67±0.10a
蓝菌门Cyanobacteria4.33±0.68a0.92±0.23b1.06±0.12b0.51±0.09b
疣微菌门Verrucomicrobiota1.28±0.16a0.91±0.08a1.02±0.19a1.14±0.38a
真菌子囊菌门Ascomycota59.91±4.01b80.05±2.96a76.58±1.78a76.63±2.01a
担子菌门Basidiomycota14.60±6.04a7.19±1.64a11.36±2.09a6.23±0.77a
壶菌门Chytridiomycota7.63±1.13a4.89±0.84b6.55±0.74ab6.66±0.47ab
罗兹菌门Rozellomycota13.52±8.04a3.50±1.27a0.67±0.11a5.23±0.88a
球囊菌门Glomeromycota2.05±0.48a1.65±0.20a1.17±0.20a2.22±0.49a
被孢霉门Mortierellomycota1.32±0.56a2.14±0.86a3.49±0.74a2.02±0.79a
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咖啡果皮与枯落物覆盖对土壤有机碳组分的影响
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张昂 1 , 陈苏森 1, 2 , 谭军 1, * , 林兴军 1 , 赵青云 1 , 孙燕 1 , 董云萍 2, 3 , 闫林 1, 4 , 龙宇宙 1
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(7): 1420-1430
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (7) : 1420 -1430
咖啡果皮与枯落物覆盖对土壤有机碳组分的影响
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张昂1, 陈苏森1, 2, 谭军1, * , 林兴军1, 赵青云1, 孙燕1, 董云萍2, 3, 闫林1, 4, 龙宇宙1
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/国家农业科学万宁观测实验站,海南万宁 571533
  • 2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000
  • 3.云南省董云萍专家工作站,云南普洱 665099
  • 4.云南省闫林专家工作站,云南保山 678000
通讯作者:
* 谭军(TAN Jun),E-mail:
Effects of Coffee Peel and Litter Mulch on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in Coffee Plantations
Ang ZHANG1, Susen CHEN1, 2, Jun TAN1, * , Xingjun LIN1, Qingyun ZHAO1, Yan SUN1, Yunping DONG2, 3, Lin YAN1, 4, Yuzhou LONG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Wanning Observation and Experiment Station of National Agricultural Science, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 2.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665000, China
  • 3.Dong Yunping Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China
  • 4.Yanlin Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.015
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农田土壤有机碳库作为陆地土壤碳库的重要组成部分,其有机碳储量受到种植模式等人为干预的强烈影响。咖啡作为世界热带地区种植面积较大的的经济作物之一,其栽培模式的微小变化即可显著影响陆地生态系统的碳收支平衡。覆盖栽培是咖啡的传统栽培模式之一,然而其对咖啡园土壤有机碳组分的影响仍不明确。因此,本研究基于课题组前期使用咖啡果皮与枯落物等咖啡废弃物替代传统覆盖物对咖啡进行覆盖栽培,采用完全随机区组设计,分别设置未覆盖咖啡废弃物(CK)、覆盖咖啡枯落物(L)、覆盖咖啡果皮(P)和覆盖咖啡枯落物+果皮(PL)4种处理;监测咖啡园的土壤微环境、微生物群落多样性及生物量碳、有机碳组分等指标,通过分析土壤微环境、微生物群落结构与有机碳组分之间的内在关系,明确覆盖咖啡废弃物对土壤碳组分的影响及其关键驱动因子。结果显示:覆盖咖啡果皮与枯落物均不影响土壤有机碳、重组有机碳和可溶性有机碳含量,而分别显著提高土壤轻组有机碳含量13.31%和14.12%。覆盖咖啡废弃物不影响土壤微环境指标与微生物群落多样性。覆盖咖啡果皮显著提高土壤微生物量碳14.05%,并且分别显著增加变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度18.60%和80.77%,并减少蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度70.14%,却对土壤真菌群落的影响较小;而覆盖咖啡枯落物分别显著增加变形菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度14.43%和57.63%,并减少蓝细菌门相对丰度73.43%,同时显著提高真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度14.79%。本研究中咖啡废弃物覆盖不影响土壤有机碳含量主要归因于重组有机碳等主要土壤有机碳组分对咖啡废弃物覆盖处理不敏感;而咖啡废弃物覆盖引起微生物量碳的提高以及厚壁菌门在土壤微生物群落相对丰度的增加,促进了外源有机碳输入引起的激发效应,是显著提高土壤轻组有机碳含量的主要原因之一。咖啡废弃物短期覆盖显著提高土壤轻组有机碳含量,有助于提升咖啡园土壤碳固存以及为优化咖啡绿色低碳生产模式提供理论支撑。

咖啡  /  果皮  /  枯落物  /  土壤有机碳组分  /  土壤微生物

As an important component of terrestrial soil carbon reservoirs, the agricultural soil organic carbon pool is greatly influenced by cultivation patterns. Coffee, one of the major economic crops in tropical regions of the world, a minor changes of its cultivation pattern can significantly affect the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Mulching cultivation is one of the traditional cultivation models for coffee, but its impact on the organic carbon composition of coffee plantation soil is still unclear. Therefore, based on the previous research of our team using coffee peel and leaf litter as substitutes for traditional mulch to cultivate coffee, four mulching treatments were set up in this study: uncovered coffee waste (CK), coffee leaf litter mulch (L), coffee peel mulch (P), and both coffee peel and litter mulch (PL). Soil micro-environment, microbial community diversity and biomass, organic carbon fractions, and other indicators were monitored in the coffee plantation, and the intrinsic relationships between soil micro-environment, microbial community structure, and organic carbon fractions were analyzed to investigate the effects of coffee waste cover on soil components and the key driving factors. The results showed that coffee waste cover did not affect the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while coffee peel and litter mulch significantly increased the content of soil light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) by 13.31% and 14.12%, respectively. Coffee waste mulch did not affect soil micro-environment indicators or microbial diversity. Coffee peel cover significantly increased soil microbial biomass by 14.05%, and increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes by 18.60% and 80.77%, respectively, while reducing the abundance of Cyanobacteria by 70.14%, but had little impact on soil fungal community. Coffee litter mulch significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes by 14.43% and 57.63%, respectively, while reduced the abundance of Cyanobacteria by 73.43%, and significantly increased the relative abundance of dominant fungi Ascomycota by 14.79%. The reason why coffee waste mulch did not affect the soil organic carbon content is mainly attributable to the insensitivity response of HFOC content to coffee waste mulching. The increase of microbial biomass and the increase relative abundance of Firmicutes are the main reasons to enhance the excitation effect caused by external organic carbon input, thus significantly increasing the content of soil LFOC content. The short-term mulch of coffee waste significantly increased the content of soil LFOC content, which is contribute to improve the soil carbon storage of coffee plantations and optimize the green and low-carbon production mode of coffee.

coffee  /  peel  /  litter  /  soil organic carbon fractions  /  soil microbe
张昂, 陈苏森, 谭军, 林兴军, 赵青云, 孙燕, 董云萍, 闫林, 龙宇宙. 咖啡果皮与枯落物覆盖对土壤有机碳组分的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1420 -1430 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.015
Ang ZHANG, Susen CHEN, Jun TAN, Xingjun LIN, Qingyun ZHAO, Yan SUN, Yunping DONG, Lin YAN, Yuzhou LONG. Effects of Coffee Peel and Litter Mulch on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in Coffee Plantations[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1420 -1430 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.015
土壤碳库是陆地生态系统最大的碳库,其微小的变化能够显著改变大气CO2浓度,并进一步影响全球气候变化[1]。农田生态系统作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,尽管其土壤碳储量仅占陆地生态系统碳库的5%~8%,却是受人为干扰较为严重的碳库之一[2]。具体而言,农田生态系统土壤有机碳含量在不同土地利用模式下存在较大差异,主要表现为上层(耕层)土壤由于受到长期人工干预与耕作熟化,其土壤团聚体结构及稳定性与微生物群落多样性均高于未经熟化的土壤,因而有机质含量显著高于其他农业土壤[2-3],但是亚表土层(犁底层)及其更深层土壤普遍缺乏有机质输入,使土壤有机碳含量在纵向土壤剖面的分布极不均衡[4]。因此,明确不同土地利用方式下的农田土壤有机碳组成结构及分布的特征变化规律,是研发绿色低碳农业生产技术以及提升我国农田生态系统增汇减排能力的必要途径之一。
咖啡是世界最主要的经济作物之一,其种植面积超过1100万hm2,主要分布于巴西、哥伦比亚、越南、印度尼西亚和埃塞俄比亚等热带、亚热带发展中国家[5]。推广咖啡覆盖栽培模式不仅能够通过显著提高土壤有机质含量,显著增加土壤的碳汇能力,减缓气候变化,还有助于改善土壤结构,提高土壤通透性,降低土壤侵蚀和土地退化的风险,改善生态环境,促进植物生长,进而提高咖啡产量[6]。前期研究认为,覆盖栽培模式通过减少对土壤的扰动以及土壤有机碳暴露,直接或间接降低农田土壤有机碳分解,能够改善长期传统耕作造成的土壤有机碳含量下降的问题[7]。由于农田覆盖物分解是农田土壤有机碳的主要来源之一,因此覆盖栽培模式具有改善土壤结构,维持土壤肥力,提高土壤有机碳贮存的作用[8]。但另一些研究认为,农业废弃物覆盖通过维持表层土壤较高的水分和有机碳含量,刺激微生物分解活动,较其他耕作方式具有等量或者更多的CO2排放量,反而可能引起土壤有机碳含量的下降[9]。不仅如此,外源有机质输入将强化对土壤原位有机质分解的激发效应,进一步降低土壤有机碳含量[10]。此外,生态系统微环境,例如土壤温度的变化同样可能通过改变土壤微生物活性和碳矿化速率,对土壤有机碳的分解与排放产生正向或中性的影响[11]。因此,覆盖栽培模式对咖啡种植园土壤有机碳源汇平衡的影响较为复杂,仍需进一步加强外源有机碳输入对农田土壤有机碳动态的研究。
农田生态系统中土壤微生物是驱动物质转化和能量流动的主要生物因子,在调节土壤有机碳的周转与生态系统碳循环等方面发挥着重要作用[12]。一方面,土壤微生物群落主导农业废弃物的分解,是调控外源有机碳输入土壤的主要驱动因子,并通过多种途径影响土壤有机碳组分[13]。首先,有研究表明土壤有机碳含量与土壤微生物群落多样性之间存正相关关系[14],但土壤微生物群落结构及多样性受到农业废弃物特性、数量和质量的影响,进而改变土壤有机碳周转过程[15];其次,土壤微环境的变化,例如通过温度、湿度或紫外光的提升来调控土壤微生物群落结构及活性,进而影响农业废弃物分解速率[16]。另一方面,土壤有机碳是土壤微生物的能量来源,土壤微生物通过分解和转化土壤有机碳以驱动碳循环过程,例如通过产生氧化酶分解有机物质,将部分土壤碳以CO2的形式向大气释放,并且将不稳定的有机碳转化为稳定的有机碳,从而增加土壤有机碳的稳定性[14]。土壤微生物量碳既能反映土壤微生物数量,也可体现土壤有机碳库来源的状况[17]。通过分析土壤微生物自身的生态化学计量指标与土壤有机碳组分之间的关系,能够明确土壤微生物群落对有机碳资源的利用效率[18]。综上所述,土壤微生物群落是调控土壤有机碳源汇平衡的重要驱动因子,探索农业废弃物覆盖介导的土壤微生物和有机碳组分之间的互作关系,有助于揭示覆盖栽培模式维持土壤有机碳动态的作用机制。
尽管目前大量研究集中于耕作方式的变化对土壤碳周转的影响[19],但由于海南省特殊的热带岛屿季风性气候,其多年生经济作物种植园生态系统的土壤有机碳动态对栽培模式变化的响应特征仍需进一步探究。因此,本研究通过监测不同咖啡废弃物覆盖下土壤微环境、微生物群落结构与有机碳组分的差异,通过分析土壤微环境、微生物群落结构与土壤碳组分之间的互作关系,有助于揭示咖啡废弃物覆盖栽培模式调控土壤有机碳汇增加的关键驱动机制,为咖啡低碳循环栽培技术的开发提供理论基础。
试验于海南省万宁市兴隆热带植物园咖啡种质资源圃(110°11′E,18°44′N,海拔36 m)进行,试验地位于亚热带与热带气候过渡带,年降水量约为2100 mm,年日照时长>1750 h,其土壤类型主要是砖红壤,pH约为6.15,土壤碱解氮含量约为93.80 mg/kg,速效磷含量约为8.86 mg/kg,速效钾含量约为39.25 mg/kg。
供试材料为1年生中粒种咖啡热研1号(Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner cv. Reyan No.1)幼苗。咖啡枯落物收集于兴隆热带植物园咖啡种质资源圃,咖啡果皮收集于海南省兴隆华侨农场太阳河咖啡加工厂,其中咖啡枯落物和果皮材料与供试苗木属于相同的品种。于2020年8月收集咖啡枯落物和果皮,于2020年9月开展试验。
采用随机区组的试验设计方法,分别设置未覆盖咖啡废弃物(CK)、覆盖咖啡枯落物(L)、覆盖咖啡果皮(P)和覆盖咖啡枯落物+果皮(PL)4种处理。每个处理以咖啡植株为圆心,半径为50 cm的圆形范围内覆盖咖啡枯落物301.39 g/m2、咖啡果皮239.05 g/m2(覆盖量与该地区平均咖啡废弃物累积量保持一致)。每个处理重复4次。所有咖啡植株采用相同的水肥管理措施。
于2021年9月采集土壤样品,随机选取样方内距咖啡植株40 cm的3个位点,采用土钻法收集耕层(0~20 cm)的土壤样品,并将3个位点土壤样品均匀混合为1个样品,即为该样方的土壤样品。其中一部分混合土壤样品立即使用Illumina MiSeq PE250高通量平台测定土壤微生物量碳和多样性;另一部分样品经室内风干后用于测定土壤有机碳组分。
采用便携式土壤温湿度仪测定土壤含水量(soil water content,SWC)与土壤温度(soil temperature,ST)。使用FE28型pH计测定土壤pH;采用总有机碳分析仪(Multi N/C 3100)测定土壤总有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC);采用酸水解法测定土壤轻组有机碳(soil light fraction organic carbon,LFOC)和重组有机碳(soil heavy fraction organic carbon,HFOC);采用湿氧化法测定土壤可溶性有机碳(soil dissolved organic carbon,DOC);采用氯仿熏蒸法测定土壤微生物量碳(soil microbial carbon,MBC),采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序平台测定与分析土壤微生物群落结构与多样性,具体测定方法与前期研究[20]保持一致。
采用单因素方差分析明确土壤微环境、微生物与碳组分等指标在不同处理间的差异显著性。以枯落物覆盖与果皮覆盖为固定因素,区组为随机因素,采用双因素方差分析比较2种覆盖材料处理对上述指标的影响。采用线性相关性分析土壤微环境及微生物群落与碳组分指标之间的相关性;对土壤微生物群落结构与土壤碳组分之间进行冗余分析(RDA),明确调控土壤碳组分的关键微生物区系;利用manual forward selection程序,使用具有499个排列的蒙特卡罗测试,确定土壤微生物变量参数的显著性。采用SAS v8、SPSS 23.0和CANOCO 5.0软件进行数据处理与分析,使用Origin 9.1和R 4.0.3软件绘图。
结果显示,与CK相比,覆盖咖啡枯落物+果皮处理(PL)的土壤可溶性有机碳和轻组有机碳含量分别显著提高23.16%和29.30%(P<0.05,图1)。但双因素方差分析结果显示,覆盖咖啡果皮(P)、枯落物(L)分别显著提高土壤轻组有机碳含量13.31%和14.12%(P<0.05),而不影响土壤有机质、可溶性有机碳和重组有机碳含量,且这2种覆盖处理对上述指标的影响均不存在交互作用(表1)。上述结果表明,土壤轻组有机碳含量对咖啡废弃物短期覆盖的响应更加敏感,而在土壤有机碳中比例更大的重组有机碳组分在应对短期咖啡废弃物覆盖处理时仍能保持相对稳定。
结果表明,与其他处理相比,覆盖咖啡枯落物+果皮处理的土壤含水量显著提高,而土壤pH和温度无显著变化(P<0.05,表2)。而双因素方差分析结果显示,覆盖咖啡果皮与枯落物处理对土壤pH、温度、含水量均无显著影响,仅咖啡果皮覆盖有降低土壤温度的趋势,咖啡枯落物覆盖有提高土壤含水量的趋势,且这2种覆盖材料处理对上述指标的影响不存在交互作用(表3)。上述结果表明咖啡废弃物覆盖对土壤微环境的影响较小。
与CK和覆盖枯落物处理相比,覆盖咖啡枯落物+果皮处理的土壤微生物量碳含量分别显著提高19.95%和16.19%(P<0.05,图2)。而双因素方差分析结果显示,咖啡果皮覆盖显著提高土壤微生物量碳14.05%(P<0.05),咖啡枯落物覆盖不影响土壤微生物量碳含量;咖啡果皮与枯落物覆盖对土壤微生物群落多样性无影响,且2种咖啡废弃物覆盖对土壤微生物量碳和多样性的影响均不存在交互作用(表4)。上述结果表明,咖啡果皮对土壤微生物量碳的刺激作用显著强于咖啡枯落物,且咖啡果皮和枯落物短期覆盖均不影响土壤微生物群落多样性。
结果显示,细菌群落优势菌群中,放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、厚壁菌门、粘球菌门、Methylomirabilota、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门等均不响应咖啡废弃物覆盖处理。与CK相比,咖啡果皮覆盖处理下,变形菌门和厚壁菌门丰度分别显著提高18.60%和80.77%(P<0.05),而蓝细菌门丰度显著降低70.14%(P<0.05);咖啡枯落物覆盖处理下,变形菌门及厚壁菌门丰度分别显著提高14.43%和57.63%(P<0.05),而蓝细菌门丰度显著降低73.43%(P<0.05)。真菌优势群落中,与CK相比,咖啡果皮覆盖对所有真菌优势菌门几乎无影响;而咖啡枯落物覆盖显著提高子囊菌门丰度14.79%(P<0.05,表5)。
土壤微环境、微生物量碳、微生物群落多样性与有机碳组分的相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳含量与土壤微生物群落多样性呈显著正相关(r=0.46,P<0.05);土壤可溶性有机碳含量与土壤温度呈极显著负相关(r=–0.69,P<0.01);土壤轻组有机碳含量与土壤微生物量碳呈极显著正相关(r=0.63,P<0.01);土壤重组有机碳含量与土壤微环境、微生物指标之间无显著相关性(图3)。
通过冗余分析(RDA)明确土壤有机碳组分与微生物群落组成之间的关系,结果表明,影响土壤有机碳组分较大的土壤微生物区系为蓝细菌门(F=4.90,P=0.03)和厚壁菌门(F=4.00,P=0.05),其中蓝细菌门抑制土壤有机碳组分的累积,而厚壁菌门则促进土壤有机碳组分的累积。所有的微生物变量共同解释了样本间土壤有机碳组分变异的85.98%,影响的顺序为蓝细菌门>厚壁菌门>疣微菌门>拟杆菌门>壶菌门>变形菌门>罗兹菌门。RDA的前2个排序轴分别解释了总方差的82.41%和3.57%(图4)。
土壤微生物主要参与农林废弃物腐解、有机质矿化及分解等生态过程,是驱动农田生态系统物质转化和能量流动的关键生物因子[21]。在前期研究中,尽管由于土地利用方式、土壤结构及其性质与生态系统微环境的差异,导致不同栽培措施对土壤微生物群落结构与多样性的影响也有差异[22]。与传统栽培方式相比,大部分覆盖栽培措施均有利于提高土壤微生物量碳与群落多样性[23]。本研究结果与前期研究结果相似,即与咖啡枯落物覆盖处理相比,咖啡果皮覆盖显著提高土壤微生物量碳,但并不影响土壤微生物群落多样性。对于土壤微生物量碳,一方面可能与咖啡果皮覆盖有助于维持土壤完整结构和较低的表层土壤温度有关[24];另一方面,前期研究表明,土壤养分含量是限制微生物群落演替的重要资源之一[25],咖啡果皮富含氮和钾元素,有助于促进土壤微生物的生长和繁殖[26]。对于土壤微生物群落多样性,一般认为覆盖栽培模式能够通过增加有机质残体等底物显著提高部分功能微生物基因丰度,促进细菌群落多样性增加[25],而本研究结果表明,尽管咖啡果皮与枯落物覆盖处理具有提高土壤微生物多样性的趋势,但尚未达到能够影响土壤微生物多样性的阈值。
尽管土壤微生物群落多样性不变,土壤微生物结构却发生较大变化,即果皮与枯落物覆盖均引起变形菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度的显著增加,而蓝细菌门的相对丰度则显著降低。变形菌门细菌作为土壤优势菌群中最大的菌门,具有广泛的生理代谢功能,是参与氮循环、有机物分解、土壤修复等生态过程的主要类群[27];而厚壁菌门多为化能异养型细菌,通常参与有机质的分解和微生物固氮过程[28]。因此,本研究中的咖啡废弃物覆盖形成富含有机碳的环境,为上述2种类群细菌提供了充足的代谢底物,促进其生长和繁殖。蓝细菌门细菌大部分是通过光合作用获取能量的自养型细菌[29],咖啡废弃物覆盖通过提高土壤异养代谢的底物含量,增强异养型细菌的竞争优势,可能是引起蓝细菌门相对丰度下降的主要原因之一[30]。此外,前期研究表明,子囊菌门真菌能够加速纤维素及木质素的分解[31],而枯落物覆盖通过减少土壤扰动能够促进子囊菌门真菌菌丝的建立以及菌丝网络的形成[32],进而提高子囊菌门真菌的相对丰度,因此,咖啡枯落物覆盖显著提高真菌子囊菌门丰度可能与咖啡枯落物较果皮对土壤的覆盖更加紧实有关[33]
土壤有机碳是表征土壤质量高低的重要指标,其动态变化主要取决于碳的输入和输出[34]。一般认为,覆盖栽培模式通过向土壤输入不稳定的外源有机碳,从而加速土壤有机碳的汇集与贮存[14]。本研究中的咖啡废弃物覆盖并未增加土壤有机碳含量,但不同的土壤碳组分却对咖啡废弃物覆盖的响应表现出显著差异。具体而言,土壤有机碳主要分为轻组有机碳和重组有机碳[35],轻组有机碳的主要来源是处于分解状态的作物根系及地上器官残体,具有易被微生物分解和利用等特性,并且对气候、环境变化和农业管理措施反应敏感;而重组有机碳是由轻组有机碳经彻底分解后残留或重新合成的有机碳,其与不同粒级的矿物紧密结合,主要以有机无机复合体的形态存在,难于被土壤微生物利用,属于稳定的有机碳库[36]。本研究中的重组有机碳含量在土壤有机碳中的比例高达78.49%,因此重组有机碳的相对稳定是土壤总有机碳不响应咖啡废弃物覆盖的主要原因,与前期研究结果[36]一致。
外源咖啡废弃物中有机质残体输入引起的土壤激发效应是本研究中轻组有机碳含量显著提升的主要原因之一[36]。农业废弃物覆盖促进土壤轻组有机碳含量提升的调控路径主要分为扩大有机碳输入来源和减少有机碳分解2条途径:一方面,覆盖栽培模式中有机物残体的降解能够不同程度地增加土壤轻组有机碳的外源输入,并且该模式通过减少对土壤自然结构的破坏,使土壤各级水稳性团聚体增加[37],以及有助于维持土壤自然孔隙体系在时间和空间上的稳定性,均对提高土壤轻组有机碳的相对稳定具有重要意义[38]。此外,本研究中咖啡废弃物覆盖通过为厚壁菌门细菌提供充足的代谢底物,可能在咖啡有机质残体降解过程中进一步加快轻组有机碳从咖啡废弃物向土壤的迁移,直接增强土壤轻组有机碳的来源。不仅如此,覆盖栽培模式通过降低地表风速,改善土壤温度、透气性以及土壤含水量等土壤微环境,导致土壤微生物群落数量与活性增加,进而促进更多的农业废弃物转化为土壤轻组有机碳与土壤微生物量碳[39]。另一方面,由于废弃物覆盖层的存在,引起土壤与空气接触面积减少、土壤通气状况恶化以及异氧微生物相对丰度增加,导致土壤轻组有机碳的氧化和矿化速率减缓,进而降低土壤轻组有机碳的损失[10]。综上所述,本研究中咖啡废弃物覆盖可能通过改善土壤微环境与微生物活动形成互促效应,增强咖啡园土壤轻组有机碳的储存能力[8],土壤微生物量碳与轻组碳的正相关关系也证实了上述观点。
本研究中咖啡废弃物有机碳的迁移可能是驱动土壤微生物群落结构以及土壤有机碳组分变化的主要原因。咖啡果皮与枯落物覆盖均不影响土壤微生物多样性,却显著增加变形菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度,而降低蓝细菌门的相对丰度;重组有机碳含量对咖啡废弃物覆盖响应不敏感是造成咖啡废弃物覆盖不影响有机碳总量的主要原因;咖啡废弃物覆盖通过提高微生物量碳以及厚壁菌门的相对丰度,促进外源有机碳输入引起的激发效应是显著提高土壤轻组有机碳含量的主要原因之一。咖啡废弃物短期覆盖有助于提升咖啡园土壤碳固存能力,研究结果将为优化咖啡绿色低碳生产模式提供理论支撑。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN406; 321QN327)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(31901469)
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2024年第45卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.015
  • 接收时间:2023-06-28
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-28
  • 修回日期:2023-08-03
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(322QN406; 321QN327)
国家自然科学基金项目(31901469)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/国家农业科学万宁观测实验站,海南万宁 571533
    2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000
    3.云南省董云萍专家工作站,云南普洱 665099
    4.云南省闫林专家工作站,云南保山 678000

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* 谭军(TAN Jun),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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