Article(id=1276598023199261641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276597973173801322, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1685289600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-29, revisedDate=1690905600000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782294286772, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782294286772, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782294286772, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782294286772, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276597973173801322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1303', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1721836800000', pubDateStr='2024-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294274847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782294274847, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1393, endPage=1401, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276598023564166091, articleId=1276598023199261641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Long-term Nutrient Deficiency on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Starch Content of Cassava, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of long-term nutrient deficiency on cassava agronomic characters, yield and starch content were studied to provide scientific basis for fertilization of continuous cropping. In this study, experimental materials in 2019 to 2021 (continuous cropping in 28th-30th years) were selected from the time axis of long-term fertilization trials. CK (with NPK), –N (without N), –P (without P), –K (without K) combined with two cassava varieties SC205 and SC124 were selected. The SPAD value, plant height, stem diameter and starch content, yield, starch yield of the fresh storage root (FSR) were measured and evaluate. Compared to CK, –N and –K significantly reduced plant height, and –N, –P and –K significantly reduced stem diameter of cassava. Meanwhile, –K significantly reduced SPAD value of leaves. Test of between-subjects effect showed that, variety or fertilization had significant effects on agronomic characters, but the interaction effect between them was not significant. The starch content of FSR, compared to CK, –N significantly improved in 2021. –K significantly reduced, the three-year average decrease was 14.2%. Compared to CK, –N, –P and –K significantly reduced the yield, starch yield of FSR, storage root number per plant (SRNPP) and weight per storage root (WPSR). The yield of FSR reduced by more than 40.0% under different nutrient deficiency, while the yield effects were insignificantly different among nutrient deficiency treatments. The starch yield of FSR under -K decreased by 53.3%, the decrease was significantly higher than that of –N and –P. The correlation analysis showed that yield, starch yield of FSR were extremely significantly positively correlated with the SRNPP, and significantly positively correlated with the WPSR. –N, –P and –K significantly inhibited cassava growth. N was the primary limiting factor for cassava fresh storage root yield in the early stage of continuous cropping, followed by K, but P effect was not obvious. With the extension of continuous cropping years, the effects of K and P effect gradually became more significant, and N, K became the main limiting factors, then there was no significant difference on the fresh storage root yield effect among N, P and K, there were equally important.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yunxia WEI, Zhuowen WEI, Jie HUANG, Ruili XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276598027167073235, articleId=1276598023199261641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=长期养分亏缺对木薯农艺性状、产量及淀粉含量的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过研究长期养分亏缺对木薯农艺性状及产量、淀粉含量的影响,为木薯连作科学施肥提供理论依据。在长期定位田间试验时间轴上,选取2019—2021年(连作28~30年)的试验材料,对CK(施氮磷钾肥)、–N(不施氮肥)、–P(不施磷肥)和–K(不施钾肥)4个处理,测定木薯品种SC205和SC124的农艺性状及产量、淀粉含量。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,–N、–K均显著降低木薯的株高,–N、–P和–K显著降低木薯的茎径,–K显著降低叶片SPAD值;主体间效应检验表明,品种和施肥对各农艺性状均有显著影响,但二者的交互作用影响不显著。(2)与CK相比,–N显著提高2021年的鲜薯淀粉含量;–K显著降低鲜薯淀粉含量,3年平均降幅为14.2%。(3)–N、–P、–K较CK均显著降低鲜薯产量、淀粉产量、单株结薯数和单条薯重,各养分亏缺处理鲜薯产量的3年平均降幅均大于40.0%,各养分亏缺处理间的产量效应差异不显著;–K淀粉产量的3年平均降幅为53.3%,降幅显著高于–N、–P。(4)相关性分析结果表明,鲜薯产量、淀粉产量均与单株结薯数呈极显著正相关,与单条薯重呈显著正相关。综合分析结果显示,氮、磷、钾亏缺均显著抑制木薯生长,连作前期氮是木薯产量的首要限制因素,钾其次,磷效应不明显,随连作年限延长,钾、磷效应逐渐显著,氮、钾上升为最主要的限制因素,而后,氮、磷、钾肥间的鲜薯产量效应无显著差异,三者均同等重要。

, authors=

魏云霞(1989—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:木薯高产高效栽培与养分管理。

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* 黄洁(HUANG Jie),E-mail:
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魏云霞(1989—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:木薯高产高效栽培与养分管理。

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魏云霞(1989—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:木薯高产高效栽培与养分管理。

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journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=养分亏缺), Keyword(id=1276598305723383862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=产量), Keyword(id=1276598306096676919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=淀粉)], refs=[Reference(id=1276598309817024588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=147, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=LATIF S, MÜLLER J, journalName=Trends in Food Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LATIF S, MÜLLER J. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the agronomic characters, yield and quality of cassava in Enshi of Hubei province, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276598309586337866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, awardId=321QN317, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(321QN317), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276598309666029643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, awardId=CARS-11-hnhj, language=CN, fundingSource=国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-11-hnhj), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276598296487526422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598296504303639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, companyId=1276598296487526422, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Cassava Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276598296537858072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, companyId=1276598296487526422, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276598307900227640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Correlation analysis among agronomic characters, starch content, yield components and yield

The correlation coefficient expressed as P-value in each grid, less than 0.05 indicate significant correlation and less than 0.01 indicate extremely significant correlation between row and column. The more red, the more positive correlation, and the more blue, the more negative correlation.

, figureFileSmall=NZmvtkCAmzM0pVbGcs3GGw==, figureFileBig=GYol3XoawX/fDEkHwBhQWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598308172857401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=图1, caption=木薯农艺性状、鲜薯淀粉含量、产量构成因素及产量间的相关性分析

格中数值表示行与列的相关系数PP<0.05表示行与列显著相关,P<0.01表示行与列极显著相关,颜色越红表示正相关性越强,越蓝表示负相关性越强。

, figureFileSmall=NZmvtkCAmzM0pVbGcs3GGw==, figureFileBig=GYol3XoawX/fDEkHwBhQWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276598308273520698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Test of between-subjects effect under different treatments for agronomic characters of cassava

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year裂区设计Split plot design变异来源Source of variationSPAD值SPAD value株高Plant height/cm茎径Stem diameter/mm
FPFPFP
2019主区区组1.3380.32214.9230.0018.0160.007
裂区F10.6910.00328.2200.00019.9100.000
V4.5920.05324.0880.00013.5300.003
F×V3.4080.0531.5840.2453.4710.051
2020主区区组1.8300.2120.6510.6020.1270.941
裂区F15.7980.0017.8560.0078.4360.006
V12.8530.00484.7660.00010.0680.008
F×V0.6570.5941.6930.2211.2630.331
2021主区区组0.0930.9620.1540.9244.2590.039
裂区F29.2660.0003.9350.0488.1560.006
V4.3190.060168.3380.00015.6790.002
F×V0.0970.9601.0810.3941.1060.385
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308340629563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同处理下木薯农艺性状的主体间效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year裂区设计Split plot design变异来源Source of variationSPAD值SPAD value株高Plant height/cm茎径Stem diameter/mm
FPFPFP
2019主区区组1.3380.32214.9230.0018.0160.007
裂区F10.6910.00328.2200.00019.9100.000
V4.5920.05324.0880.00013.5300.003
F×V3.4080.0531.5840.2453.4710.051
2020主区区组1.8300.2120.6510.6020.1270.941
裂区F15.7980.0017.8560.0078.4360.006
V12.8530.00484.7660.00010.0680.008
F×V0.6570.5941.6930.2211.2630.331
2021主区区组0.0930.9620.1540.9244.2590.039
裂区F29.2660.0003.9350.0488.1560.006
V4.3190.060168.3380.00015.6790.002
F×V0.0970.9601.0810.3941.1060.385
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308424515644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Agronomic characters for different varieties of cassava under different fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment品种VarietySPAD值SPAD value株高Plant height/cm茎径Stem diameter/mm
201920202021201920202021201920202021
CKSC20542.5a41.4a44.1b 228.8a193.5b220.8b25.6a24.5a26.4a
SC12441.3a43.4a46.1a 279.1a254.6a259.9a25.7a23.0b24.7a
平均41.9A42.4A45.1A 254.0A224.1A240.3A25.6A23.7A25.5A
–NSC20539.0a43.3a42.0a 191.8b168.5b193.3b23.1a20.7a22.6a
SC12440.9a45.2a43.9a 223.9a207.1a225.4a20.2a18.3b21.3a
平均40.0B44.3A42.9B 207.9B187.8B209.3B21.7B19.5B22.0B
–PSC20543.9a44.3a46.3a 202.2a189.2b221.1b23.0a21.3a24.3a
SC12441.0b45.7a47.2a 215.2a239.0a262.1a19.8a19.7a21.7a
平均42.5A45.0A46.7A 208.7B214.1A241.6A21.4B20.5B23.0B
–KSC20540.0a37.2a38.1a 189.9a172.7b178.9b22.9a21.3a23.0a
SC12436.6b40.9a39.8a 215.5a204.6a226.5a22.4a21.3a22.3a
平均38.3B39.0B39.0C 202.7B188.6B202.7B22.6B21.3B22.7B
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308500013117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同施肥条件不同品种木薯的农艺性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment品种VarietySPAD值SPAD value株高Plant height/cm茎径Stem diameter/mm
201920202021201920202021201920202021
CKSC20542.5a41.4a44.1b 228.8a193.5b220.8b25.6a24.5a26.4a
SC12441.3a43.4a46.1a 279.1a254.6a259.9a25.7a23.0b24.7a
平均41.9A42.4A45.1A 254.0A224.1A240.3A25.6A23.7A25.5A
–NSC20539.0a43.3a42.0a 191.8b168.5b193.3b23.1a20.7a22.6a
SC12440.9a45.2a43.9a 223.9a207.1a225.4a20.2a18.3b21.3a
平均40.0B44.3A42.9B 207.9B187.8B209.3B21.7B19.5B22.0B
–PSC20543.9a44.3a46.3a 202.2a189.2b221.1b23.0a21.3a24.3a
SC12441.0b45.7a47.2a 215.2a239.0a262.1a19.8a19.7a21.7a
平均42.5A45.0A46.7A 208.7B214.1A241.6A21.4B20.5B23.0B
–KSC20540.0a37.2a38.1a 189.9a172.7b178.9b22.9a21.3a23.0a
SC12436.6b40.9a39.8a 215.5a204.6a226.5a22.4a21.3a22.3a
平均38.3B39.0B39.0C 202.7B188.6B202.7B22.6B21.3B22.7B
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308646813758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Test of between-subjects effect under different treatments for starch content of fresh storage root

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
裂区设计Split plot design变异来源Source of variation201920202021
FPFPFP
主区区组3.5980.05913.5410.0013.9880.046
裂区F12.2260.00211.4880.00289.1800.000
V3.2750.0950.2450.6300.0070.935
F×V4.7460.0218.6410.00389.1800.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308709728319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理下鲜薯淀粉含量的主体间效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
裂区设计Split plot design变异来源Source of variation201920202021
FPFPFP
主区区组3.5980.05913.5410.0013.9880.046
裂区F12.2260.00211.4880.00289.1800.000
V3.2750.0950.2450.6300.0070.935
F×V4.7460.0218.6410.00389.1800.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308768448576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Starch content of fresh storage root for different varieties of cassava under different fertilization treatments%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment品种Variety201920202021
CKSC20530.2a26.4a22.3a
SC12429.5a26.5a22.5a
平均29.9A26.5A22.4B
–NSC20532.7a27.6a27.7a
SC12430.5a25.5a26.1a
平均31.6A26.6A26.9A
–PSC20529.2b27.1a22.3a
SC12434.1a26.6a21.9a
平均31.6A26.8A22.1B
–KSC20525.5b21.5b16.2b
SC12429.2a24.6a18.2a
平均27.4B23.1B17.2C
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308831363137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同施肥条件不同品种木薯的鲜薯淀粉含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment品种Variety201920202021
CKSC20530.2a26.4a22.3a
SC12429.5a26.5a22.5a
平均29.9A26.5A22.4B
–NSC20532.7a27.6a27.7a
SC12430.5a25.5a26.1a
平均31.6A26.6A26.9A
–PSC20529.2b27.1a22.3a
SC12434.1a26.6a21.9a
平均31.6A26.8A22.1B
–KSC20525.5b21.5b16.2b
SC12429.2a24.6a18.2a
平均27.4B23.1B17.2C
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308890083394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Test of between-subjects effect under different treatments for yield and starch yield of fresh storage root

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year裂区设计Split plot design变异来源Source of variation鲜薯产量Fresh storage root yield淀粉产量Starch yield of fresh storage root yield
FPFP
2019主区区组2.1480.1640.2950.828
裂区F94.3070.00052.8270.000
V0.4130.5334.1190.065
F×V1.8230.1979.4930.002
2020主区区组1.1740.37311.3860.002
裂区F59.0640.000126.6260.000
V3.3080.0943.7150.078
F×V22.0580.00026.3770.000
2021主区区组0.8950.4813.0330.086
裂区F236.3160.000256.5830.000
V4.4030.0582.3780.149
F×V6.2580.0081.0190.419
), ArticleFig(id=1276598308965580867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同处理下鲜薯产量和淀粉产量的主体间效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year裂区设计Split plot design变异来源Source of variation鲜薯产量Fresh storage root yield淀粉产量Starch yield of fresh storage root yield
FPFP
2019主区区组2.1480.1640.2950.828
裂区F94.3070.00052.8270.000
V0.4130.5334.1190.065
F×V1.8230.1979.4930.002
2020主区区组1.1740.37311.3860.002
裂区F59.0640.000126.6260.000
V3.3080.0943.7150.078
F×V22.0580.00026.3770.000
2021主区区组0.8950.4813.0330.086
裂区F236.3160.000256.5830.000
V4.4030.0582.3780.149
F×V6.2580.0081.0190.419
), ArticleFig(id=1276598309062049860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Yield and starch yield of fresh storage root for different varieties of cassava under different fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment品种Variety鲜薯产量Fresh storage rootyield/(t·hm–2)淀粉产量Starch yield of freshstorage rootyield/(t·hm–2)
201920202021201920202021
CKSC20526.2a26.3a28.2a7.9a7.0a6.3a
SC12424.7a29.0a30.3a7.3a7.7a6.8a
平均25.4A27.7A29.3A7.6A7.3A6.6A
–NSC20519.3a14.9b7.9b6.3a4.1a2.2a
SC12419.3a19.8a9.2a5.9a5.1a2.4a
平均19.3B17.4C8.6C6.1B4.6C2.3B
–PSC20514.3a23.5a23.5a4.2b6.3a2.2a
SC12415.5a17.7b12.7a5.3a4.7b2.8a
平均14.9C20.6B11.2B4.7C5.5B2.5B
–KSC20514.8a16.4a11.5a3.8b3.5b1.9a
SC12416.3a18.3a9.1b4.8a4.5a1.7a
平均15.6C17.3C10.2BC4.3C4.0C1.8C
), ArticleFig(id=1276598309137547333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同施肥条件不同品种木薯的鲜薯产量和淀粉产量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment品种Variety鲜薯产量Fresh storage rootyield/(t·hm–2)淀粉产量Starch yield of freshstorage rootyield/(t·hm–2)
201920202021201920202021
CKSC20526.2a26.3a28.2a7.9a7.0a6.3a
SC12424.7a29.0a30.3a7.3a7.7a6.8a
平均25.4A27.7A29.3A7.6A7.3A6.6A
–NSC20519.3a14.9b7.9b6.3a4.1a2.2a
SC12419.3a19.8a9.2a5.9a5.1a2.4a
平均19.3B17.4C8.6C6.1B4.6C2.3B
–PSC20514.3a23.5a23.5a4.2b6.3a2.2a
SC12415.5a17.7b12.7a5.3a4.7b2.8a
平均14.9C20.6B11.2B4.7C5.5B2.5B
–KSC20514.8a16.4a11.5a3.8b3.5b1.9a
SC12416.3a18.3a9.1b4.8a4.5a1.7a
平均15.6C17.3C10.2BC4.3C4.0C1.8C
), ArticleFig(id=1276598309217239110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Test of between-subjects effect under different treatments for yield components of cassava

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year裂区设计Split plot design变异来源Source of variation单株结薯数Storage root number per plant单条薯重Weight per storage root
FPFP
2019主区区组0.2330.8711.1170.392
裂区F7.8040.00729.1730.000
V83.8860.00016.0050.002
F×V5.6840.0126.7810.006
2020主区区组0.2270.8750.2250.877
裂区F68.1490.00053.5010.000
V67.8870.000132.1610.000
F×V8.7710.00211.8870.001
2021主区区组0.3280.8050.3430.795
裂区F481.1310.00051.0300.000
V265.1890.000823.8680.000
F×V32.4340.00033.1530.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276598309288542279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同处理下木薯产量构成因子的主体间效应检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Year裂区设计Split plot design变异来源Source of variation单株结薯数Storage root number per plant单条薯重Weight per storage root
FPFP
2019主区区组0.2330.8711.1170.392
裂区F7.8040.00729.1730.000
V83.8860.00016.0050.002
F×V5.6840.0126.7810.006
2020主区区组0.2270.8750.2250.877
裂区F68.1490.00053.5010.000
V67.8870.000132.1610.000
F×V8.7710.00211.8870.001
2021主区区组0.3280.8050.3430.795
裂区F481.1310.00051.0300.000
V265.1890.000823.8680.000
F×V32.4340.00033.1530.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276598309359845448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Yield components for different varieties of cassava under different fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment品种Variety单株结薯数Storage root number per plant单条薯重/g Weight per storage root/g
201920202021201920202021
CKSC2056.7a7.8a11.5a268.7a217.2b157.3b
SC1245.0b5.8b7.4b406.5b330.8a263.8a
平均5.8B6.8A9.5A337.6A274.0B210.6A
–NSC2057.6a3.7a3.7a169.5a268.7b133.8b
SC1245.9b2.8b2.8b215.8b468.7a225.0a
平均6.8A3.3C3.2D192.6B368.7A179.4B
–PSC2055.8a7.0a4.4a173.5b196.7b128.3b
SC1245.3a4.2b3.3b205.0a277.8a238.1a
平均5.5B5.6B3.8C189.2B237.2C183.2B
–KSC2055.9a5.5a5.5a170.7b192.7b138.5b
SC1245.2a5.1a3.3b210.9a238.4a174.1a
平均5.5B5.3B4.4B190.8B215.6C156.3C
), ArticleFig(id=1276598309435342921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276598023199261641, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同施肥条件不同品种木薯的产量构成因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment品种Variety单株结薯数Storage root number per plant单条薯重/g Weight per storage root/g
201920202021201920202021
CKSC2056.7a7.8a11.5a268.7a217.2b157.3b
SC1245.0b5.8b7.4b406.5b330.8a263.8a
平均5.8B6.8A9.5A337.6A274.0B210.6A
–NSC2057.6a3.7a3.7a169.5a268.7b133.8b
SC1245.9b2.8b2.8b215.8b468.7a225.0a
平均6.8A3.3C3.2D192.6B368.7A179.4B
–PSC2055.8a7.0a4.4a173.5b196.7b128.3b
SC1245.3a4.2b3.3b205.0a277.8a238.1a
平均5.5B5.6B3.8C189.2B237.2C183.2B
–KSC2055.9a5.5a5.5a170.7b192.7b138.5b
SC1245.2a5.1a3.3b210.9a238.4a174.1a
平均5.5B5.3B4.4B190.8B215.6C156.3C
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长期养分亏缺对木薯农艺性状、产量及淀粉含量的影响
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魏云霞 , 韦卓文 , 黄洁 * , 许瑞丽
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(7): 1393-1401
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (7) : 1393 -1401
长期养分亏缺对木薯农艺性状、产量及淀粉含量的影响
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魏云霞, 韦卓文, 黄洁* , 许瑞丽
作者信息
  • 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 黄洁(HUANG Jie),E-mail:
Effects of Long-term Nutrient Deficiency on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Starch Content of Cassava
Yunxia WEI, Zhuowen WEI, Jie HUANG* , Ruili XU
Affiliations
  • Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Cassava Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.012
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通过研究长期养分亏缺对木薯农艺性状及产量、淀粉含量的影响,为木薯连作科学施肥提供理论依据。在长期定位田间试验时间轴上,选取2019—2021年(连作28~30年)的试验材料,对CK(施氮磷钾肥)、–N(不施氮肥)、–P(不施磷肥)和–K(不施钾肥)4个处理,测定木薯品种SC205和SC124的农艺性状及产量、淀粉含量。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,–N、–K均显著降低木薯的株高,–N、–P和–K显著降低木薯的茎径,–K显著降低叶片SPAD值;主体间效应检验表明,品种和施肥对各农艺性状均有显著影响,但二者的交互作用影响不显著。(2)与CK相比,–N显著提高2021年的鲜薯淀粉含量;–K显著降低鲜薯淀粉含量,3年平均降幅为14.2%。(3)–N、–P、–K较CK均显著降低鲜薯产量、淀粉产量、单株结薯数和单条薯重,各养分亏缺处理鲜薯产量的3年平均降幅均大于40.0%,各养分亏缺处理间的产量效应差异不显著;–K淀粉产量的3年平均降幅为53.3%,降幅显著高于–N、–P。(4)相关性分析结果表明,鲜薯产量、淀粉产量均与单株结薯数呈极显著正相关,与单条薯重呈显著正相关。综合分析结果显示,氮、磷、钾亏缺均显著抑制木薯生长,连作前期氮是木薯产量的首要限制因素,钾其次,磷效应不明显,随连作年限延长,钾、磷效应逐渐显著,氮、钾上升为最主要的限制因素,而后,氮、磷、钾肥间的鲜薯产量效应无显著差异,三者均同等重要。

木薯  /  长期定位施肥  /  养分亏缺  /  产量  /  淀粉

The effects of long-term nutrient deficiency on cassava agronomic characters, yield and starch content were studied to provide scientific basis for fertilization of continuous cropping. In this study, experimental materials in 2019 to 2021 (continuous cropping in 28th-30th years) were selected from the time axis of long-term fertilization trials. CK (with NPK), –N (without N), –P (without P), –K (without K) combined with two cassava varieties SC205 and SC124 were selected. The SPAD value, plant height, stem diameter and starch content, yield, starch yield of the fresh storage root (FSR) were measured and evaluate. Compared to CK, –N and –K significantly reduced plant height, and –N, –P and –K significantly reduced stem diameter of cassava. Meanwhile, –K significantly reduced SPAD value of leaves. Test of between-subjects effect showed that, variety or fertilization had significant effects on agronomic characters, but the interaction effect between them was not significant. The starch content of FSR, compared to CK, –N significantly improved in 2021. –K significantly reduced, the three-year average decrease was 14.2%. Compared to CK, –N, –P and –K significantly reduced the yield, starch yield of FSR, storage root number per plant (SRNPP) and weight per storage root (WPSR). The yield of FSR reduced by more than 40.0% under different nutrient deficiency, while the yield effects were insignificantly different among nutrient deficiency treatments. The starch yield of FSR under -K decreased by 53.3%, the decrease was significantly higher than that of –N and –P. The correlation analysis showed that yield, starch yield of FSR were extremely significantly positively correlated with the SRNPP, and significantly positively correlated with the WPSR. –N, –P and –K significantly inhibited cassava growth. N was the primary limiting factor for cassava fresh storage root yield in the early stage of continuous cropping, followed by K, but P effect was not obvious. With the extension of continuous cropping years, the effects of K and P effect gradually became more significant, and N, K became the main limiting factors, then there was no significant difference on the fresh storage root yield effect among N, P and K, there were equally important.

cassava  /  long-term fertilization  /  nutrient deficiency  /  yield  /  starch
魏云霞, 韦卓文, 黄洁, 许瑞丽. 长期养分亏缺对木薯农艺性状、产量及淀粉含量的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1393 -1401 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.012
Yunxia WEI, Zhuowen WEI, Jie HUANG, Ruili XU. Effects of Long-term Nutrient Deficiency on Agronomic Characters, Yield and Starch Content of Cassava[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1393 -1401 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.012
木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是热带和亚热带地区主要的粮食作物及淀粉、酒精生产原料,是全球近10亿人的主要食粮[1],其块根淀粉含量约占干物质重的80%[2]。在我国,木薯作为经济作物,主要分布在广西、广东、海南等华南8省(区),木薯地土壤肥力水平以低和极低等级为主[3],较低的土壤肥力极大地限制了木薯的生长发育和产量的提升[4-5],且养分供应不足是造成农民田间实际产量与木薯潜在产量差距较大的主要原因之一[6]
长期不施肥或施肥不均衡会导致木薯产量低,而科学合理施肥是木薯增产提质增效的有效途径[7]。林洪鑫等[8]研究发现,施氮显著提高木薯单株结薯数、单株薯重和鲜薯产量,但降低淀粉含量。SIEVERDING等[9]研究表明,土壤中较低的磷含量明显限制木薯产量。ROSA等[4]研究发现,施磷增加了酸性土壤中的木薯地上部生物量、增粗薯径、提高单条薯重,且木薯对施磷的反应因基因型而异。作为喜钾植物,钾是长期连作木薯产量的重要限制养分因子,且随连作年限的延长而增强[10]。魏云霞等[5]研究表明,施钾比不施钾显著提高木薯株高、茎径、单条薯重,增产鲜薯51.4%以上,促进可溶性糖向淀粉转化;HOWELER[11]通过长期施肥试验发现,长期缺钾造成木薯产量显著下降。黄洁等[12]通过12年木薯长期定位试验的研究表明,随施钾量增加,鲜薯产量和淀粉含量均呈显著增加的趋势。此外,陆小静等[13]、张永发等[14]通过1~2年试验结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥对木薯增产效应为钾>氮>磷,陆小静等[13]指出氮、磷、钾肥对其淀粉含量影响不大,而张永发等[14]指出对其淀粉含量影响的主次顺序为氮>磷>钾。综上,科学的施肥管理,对保障木薯生产力具有重要意义,但国内外关于木薯氮、磷、钾养分亏缺的研究局限在中短期的10年内[10,15-19],而针对较长期的亏缺效应研究极少[12,20]。为此,本研究在28年木薯长期定位施肥试验的基础上,以华南地区主推的2个木薯品种SC205和SC124为研究对象,明确长期氮、磷、钾肥亏缺对木薯农艺性状、产量以及淀粉含量的影响,以期为长期连作的木薯高产优质栽培提供科学施肥依据。
长期定位试验于1992年开始在海南省儋州市宝岛新村中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所(品资所)木薯试验基地进行。在试验时间轴上选取2019—2021年(连作28~30年)的试验材料作为本研究的内容。试验地土壤为花岗岩发育的砖红壤,1992年的试验初始土壤基础理化性质为:pH 5.35,有机质8.40 g/kg,全氮0.25 g/kg,有效磷24.6 mg/kg,速效钾36.9 mg/kg。
供试木薯品种为SC205和SC124,均由品资所提供。供试肥料为尿素(含N 46%)、过磷酸钙(含P2O5 12%)、氯化钾(含K2O 60%)。
选取4个施肥处理:(1)CK(氮磷钾肥配施)、(2)–N(不施氮肥)、(3)–P(不施磷肥)、(4)–K(不施钾肥),其中,CK的施肥量为N 100 kg/hm2、P2O5 50 kg/hm2、K2O 100 kg/hm2。–N、–P、–K分别在CK的基础上进行相应的缺肥处理,所有肥料均在木薯植后45~60 d一次性穴施。试验按裂区设计,主区为不同施肥处理,副区为2个木薯品种,主处理4次重复。F表示施肥处理,V表示品种。木薯株行距为80 cm×80 cm,植后300~330 d调查农艺性状、收获鲜薯,每个重复选取5株代表性植株调查、收获。田间管理措施一致。
(1)农艺性状调查。收获前,调查各重复的SPAD值、株高、茎径。其中,使用SPAD-502叶绿素仪测定植株顶部第3、第4片完全展开叶SPAD值,平均值作为该植株的SPAD值;采用卷尺测量地面到顶端心叶的高度即为株高;采用游标卡尺测量距离地面5 cm高处主茎的直径即为茎径。
(2)鲜薯产量及其构成因子。收获期,对各重复计数单株结薯数、称重单株薯重,并换算单条鲜薯重,以实收的5株木薯鲜薯重换算每公顷鲜薯产量(t/hm2)。
(3)鲜薯淀粉含量。用泰国生产的鲜薯淀粉测定仪测定鲜薯中淀粉含量。称鲜薯重后,选取5 kg左右的代表性鲜薯,按照国际热带农业中心制定的公式计算鲜薯淀粉含量[21],计算公式如下:
式中,Sc为鲜薯淀粉含量,单位为%;m1为鲜薯在空气中的质量,单位为g;m2为鲜薯在水中的质量,单位为g。
(4)淀粉产量。
式中,Sy为淀粉产量,单位为t/hm2Ry为鲜薯产量,单位为t/hm2
所有试验数据采用SPSS 19.0软件进行裂区方差分析,采用Duncan’s新复极差法进行多重比较,Origin 8.0软件绘图。
主体间效应检验结果表明(表1),施肥和品种对3年试验的木薯叶片SPAD值、株高和茎径影响显著,从SPAD值的效应来看,3年的施肥影响均大于品种的影响;株高和茎径效应来看,2019年施肥影响大于品种的影响,而2020和2021年施肥影响则小于品种的影响。施肥和品种的交互作用对各指标影响不显著。多重比较结果表明(表2),主区因素中,SPAD值表现为–P和CK均显著高于–K,其中,–K与CK相比,3年降幅为7.9%~13.6%;株高表现为CK显著高于–N和–K,其中,–N的3年降幅为12.9%~18.2%,–K的3年降幅为15.7%~20.2%;茎径表现为CK显著高于缺肥处理,其中,–N、–P、–K较CK的3年降幅分别为13.9%~17.8%、10.0%~16.5%和10.4%~11.7%。副区因素中,2个品种间株高差异显著,表现为SC124>SC205。
主体间效应检验表明(表3),施肥对3年试验的鲜薯淀粉含量影响显著,品种对鲜薯淀粉含量无显著影响,而施肥和品种间交互作用对淀粉含量有显著影响。多重比较结果表明(表4),主区因素中,鲜薯淀粉含量表现为:2019和2020年,–K显著低于CK、–N和–P,2021年,–K显著低于CK和–P,三者均显著低于–N;与CK相比,–K鲜薯淀粉含量的3年降幅为8.4%~23.4%,平均降幅为14.2%。副区因素中,–K下,品种间淀粉含量差异显著,表现为SC124显著高于SC205。
主体间效应检验表明(表5),施肥处理对3 a试验的鲜薯产量和淀粉产量均有极显著影响,品种对鲜薯产量和淀粉产量无显著影响,2020和2021年二者交互作用对鲜薯产量影响显著,2019和2020年二者交互作用对淀粉产量影响显著。多重比较结果表明(表6),主区因素中,养分亏缺均显著降低鲜薯产量和淀粉产量,与CK相比,2019—2021年,–N、–P和–K分别减产24.1%~ 70.7%、25.5%~61.6%和37.3%~64.8%,3 a平均减产分别为45.1%、43.3%、47.5%;–N、–P和–K淀粉产量降幅分别为19.9%~65.1%、24.7%~40.8%和43.7%~53.3%,3年平均降幅分别为39.6%、40.8%和53.3%,–K的淀粉产量降幅显著高于–N和–P。副区因素中,–K下,2021年,SC205鲜薯产量显著高于SC124;2019和2020年,SC124淀粉产量显著高于SC205。
主体间效应检验表明(表7),施肥、品种以及二者的交互作用极显著影响各年度的单株结薯数和单条薯重。多重比较结果表明(表8),主区因素中,2019年,–N较CK显著增加单株结薯数,但单条薯重显著降低,2020年,–N较CK显著降低单株结薯数,而单条薯重显著增加;2020和2021年,–P和–K较CK的单株结薯数显著降低,降幅分别为17.8%~59.8%和22.1%~53.6%;2019—2021年,–P和–K较CK的单条薯重均显著降低,降幅分别为13.0%~43.9%和21.3%~43.5%。副区因素中,2个品种间单株结薯数和单条薯重差异显著,单株结薯数表现为SC205>SC124,而单条薯重表现为SC205<SC124。
各因子相关性分析表明(图1),鲜薯产量、淀粉产量均与单株结薯数呈极显著正相关,与单条薯重呈显著正相关。淀粉产量还与鲜薯淀粉含量呈极显著正相关,鲜薯淀粉含量与单条薯重、SPAD值与株高呈显著正相关,单株结薯数与茎径呈极显著正相关。
叶绿素是光合作用过程中最重要的色素,参与光能的吸收、传递和转化[22]。本研究中,2个木薯品种间的SPAD值无显著差异,而不同施肥处理间SPAD值的影响达极显著水平,其中,–K显著降低SPAD值,可能与–K造成叶绿体的体积和数目减少,叶绿体结构受到明显的影响,从而限制光合色素的合成[23],降低木薯叶片叶绿素含量[24]有关。本研究结果表明,–N和–K显著降低木薯的株高,品种间株高差异显著,表现为SC124>SC205,这与前期研究结果相似[5]。本研究各养分亏缺处理均显著降低木薯茎径,–N的茎径降幅最大,进一步说明N是木薯茎径的主要限制因子[25]
提高块根淀粉含量是木薯栽培的首要品质目标,主要受品种特性和栽培技术的影响[26]。本研究中,–N显著提高2021年木薯的块根淀粉含量,–P对淀粉含量无显著影响,–K显著降低淀粉含量,与本试验连作4、7、12年的研究结果一致[10,12,17],也与NGUYEN[20]在越南东奈不同养分亏缺连作第19年的–N、–K效应一致,但与其–P显著降低鲜薯淀粉含量的效应不同,这可能与试验的木薯品种[16]有关。–N提高块根淀粉含量可能与–N条件下蔗糖合成与糖酵解能力下降,淀粉合成酶活性增强,促进糖主要用于合成淀粉[27]有关;–K降低块根淀粉含量,可能是由于–K限制木薯CO2同化,抑制淀粉合成酶的活性,也可能是限制次生木质部生长,不利于淀粉沉淀,制约光合产物从叶片向块根转移[28],这值得进一步研究。总之,氮、钾可显著影响鲜薯淀粉含量,而磷对淀粉含量无显著影响。
在长期定位试验中,张伟特等[10]的1992—1995年研究表明,–N、–K的4年间平均减产幅度分别为37.2%、23.4%,–P对鲜薯产量无影响;黄洁等[17]的1992—1998年分析表明,–N、–K的7年间平均减产幅度分别为34.3%、24.9%,–P对鲜薯产量尚无影响,而后对1992—2003年[12]的研究表明,–N、–P、–K的12年间平均减产幅度分别为40.6%、9.5%、32.2%,–P表现出明显影响;本研究发现,在连作第28—30年的3年间,N、P、K肥的长期亏缺均显著降低鲜薯产量,3年间平均降幅均在40%以上,但不同养分亏缺处理间及品种间差异均不显著;总之,–N从试验初期即显著减产鲜薯,连作12年内减产幅度均表现为–N>–K>–P,–K、–P的减产幅度随连作年限延长明显提高。前人的多数研究认为,氮是影响木薯鲜薯产量的第一限制因素[8,15,29],–N抑制茎叶生长和光合产物分配[30-31]而降低鲜薯产量;木薯根系耐低磷、吸磷能力强[32],纤维根与土壤菌根高效共生吸磷[33],因此,生产中较少出现不施磷减产的现象,但随连作年限增加,土壤磷含量逐渐降低,磷肥效应愈加明显[18];本研究连作初期,–P对鲜薯产量影响较小,与初始土壤磷含量较高有关[10],随连作年限延长,其土壤磷素逐渐耗竭至低于临界值,–P的减产效应明显增强,故连作木薯前期可不施或少施磷肥,后期需注重施磷;据HOWELER在全球各地组织的木薯长期定位试验综合研究,木薯块根的钾占全株的60%,收获块根从土壤中带走的K明显高于N和P,故施钾效应随连作年限延长而显著增强,钾逐渐上升为连作木薯的主要产量限制因子[19,33]。综合分析本研究及前人结果,木薯连作前期,氮是木薯产量的首要限制因子,钾其次,磷效应不明显,随连作年限延长,钾、磷效应逐渐显著,氮、钾成为最主要的限制因子,而后,氮、磷、钾肥间的鲜薯产量效应无显著差异,氮、磷、钾同等重要。氮、磷、钾肥在长期连作中肥效的年限阈值及影响有待进一步分析研究。
本研究中,鲜薯产量和淀粉产量均与单株结薯数呈极显著正相关,与单条薯重呈显著正相关,这与黄渝岚等[34]的研究结果相似。
氮、磷、钾亏缺均显著抑制木薯生长,其中,缺钾显著降低叶片SPAD值,氮是木薯茎径增粗的主要限制因子,氮、钾可显著影响鲜薯淀粉含量,而磷对鲜薯淀粉含量无显著影响。连作前期,氮是木薯产量的首要限制因子,钾其次,磷效应不明显,随连作年限延长,钾、磷效应逐渐显著,氮、钾成为最主要的限制因子,而后氮、磷、钾肥间的鲜薯产量效应无显著差异,氮、磷、钾均同等重要。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(321QN317)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-11-hnhj)
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2024年第45卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.012
  • 接收时间:2023-05-29
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-29
  • 修回日期:2023-08-02
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海南省自然科学基金项目(321QN317)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-11-hnhj)
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    中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部木薯种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,海南海口 571101

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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