Article(id=1276597976126583782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276597973173801322, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683648000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-10, revisedDate=1699545600000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782294275551, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782294275551, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782294275551, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782294275551, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276597973173801322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='7', pageStart='1303', pageEnd='1520', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1721836800000', pubDateStr='2024-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782294274847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782294274847, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1323, endPage=1331, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276597976415990760, articleId=1276597976126583782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Interactions Between Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus AC2 and AtSGS3 Proteins, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) poses a serious threat and danger to cassava production in China and the world, and there is no effective control method and lack of resistant materials, causing serious economic losses, and is considered one of the most threatening viral diseases. Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) is one of the major pathogens causing cassava mosaic disease. RNA silencing is an innate antiviral immune response mechanism in plants and animals, and post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a conserved gene expression regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes, and is one of the important antiviral immune mechanisms. Suppressor of gene silencing 3 (SGS3) is a key protein of the PTGS pathway and plays a critical role in host defense against viral invasion. To counteract this host immune response, viruses usually encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to counteract the viral defense mechanism of host PTGS, and interaction with host proteins is one of the main mechanisms of action for the silencing suppressors to function. In order to investigate whether SLCMV AC2 inhibits the immune function of host PTGS by interacting with AtSGS3, we analyzed the immune function of host PTGS by using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments, to analyze the interaction between AtSGS3 and SLCMV AC2. The results showed that SLCMV AC2 interacted with AtSGS3 protein in both yeast cells and plants. In subcellular co-localization experimental studies, we further demonstrated that SLCMV AC2 could co-localize with AtRDR6, a close partner of AtSGS3, after interacting with AtSGS3. The data suggest that SLCMV AC2 may affect the host autoimmune mechanism and enhance viral pathogenicity by interacting with siRNA-body, and that the interaction between SLCMV AC2 and AtSGS3 may be the molecular basis for the development of foliar symptoms in SLCMV-infected cassava, and the results of this study would provide a new theoretical basis for the subsequent in-depth analysis of the pathogenicity mechanism of SLCMV.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xueting LIU, Qiuxian XIE, Linyu LIU, Yan FU, Xiuchun ZHANG, Yanli REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuchun ZHANG, Yanli REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276597977787528182, articleId=1276597976126583782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒AC2与拟南芥SGS3蛋白互作研究, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

木薯花叶病毒病(cassava mosaic disease,CMD)对我国和世界木薯生产造成严重威胁和危害,目前尚无有效防治方法且缺乏抗性材料,造成严重经济损失,被认为是最有威胁性的病毒病之一,斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒(Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus,SLCMV)是引起木薯花叶病的主要病原之一。RNA沉默是植物和动物先天性的一种抗病毒免疫反应机制,寄主转录后基因沉默(post transcriptional gene silencing,PTGS)是真核生物中一种保守的基因表达调控机制,也是重要的抗病毒免疫机制之一。寄主基因沉默抑制子(suppressor of gene silencing 3,SGS3)是PTGS通路的关键蛋白,在寄主抵御病毒侵染中发挥着关键作用。为抵御宿主这种免疫反应,病毒通常编码病毒沉默抑制子(viral suppressors of RNA silencing,VSRs)来抵御寄主PTGS的病毒防御机制,与寄主蛋白互作是沉默抑制子发挥作用的主要作用机制之一。为探究SLCMV AC2是否通过与AtSGS3互作而抑制寄主PTGS的免疫功能,本研究采用酵母双杂交技术(yeast two hybrid system,Y2H)和双分子荧光互补技术(bimolecular fluorescence complementation,BiFC)分析SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3之间的相互作用。结果表明:SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3蛋白在酵母细胞和植物体内均存在相互作用的关系。亚细胞共定位研究进一步证明SLCMV AC2在与AtSGS3互作后,可与AtSGS3形成siRNA-body的RDR6发生共定位。这些结果表明SLCMV AC2可能通过与siRNA-body互作而影响寄主自身免疫机制,提高病毒致病性,SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3的互作可能是SLCMV侵染木薯导致花叶症状发生的分子基础。该研究结果为后续深入解析SLCMV致病机理提供新的理论依据。

, authors=

刘雪婷(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病毒致病机制。

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* 张秀春(ZHANG Xiuchun),E-mail:
任艳利(REN Yanli),E-mail:
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刘雪婷(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病毒致病机制。

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刘雪婷(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病毒致病机制。

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M: DL2000 DNA marker.

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M: DL 2000 DNA marker.

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Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)
pGBKT7-FTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGC
pGBKT7-RTTTTCGTTTTAAAACCTAAGAGT
AC2-1FATGCGACCTTCATCTCCCTC
AC2-390RCGCCAGGTCTGAGGCTGTAAG
), ArticleFig(id=1276598240883642976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276597976126583782, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)
pGBKT7-FTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGC
pGBKT7-RTTTTCGTTTTAAAACCTAAGAGT
AC2-1FATGCGACCTTCATCTCCCTC
AC2-390RCGCCAGGTCTGAGGCTGTAAG
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斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒AC2与拟南芥SGS3蛋白互作研究
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刘雪婷 1, 2 , 谢秋贤 1, 2 , 刘琳玉 1, 2 , 符艳 1, 2 , 张秀春 2, * , 任艳利 1, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2024,45(7): 1323-1331
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2024 , 45 (7) : 1323 -1331
斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒AC2与拟南芥SGS3蛋白互作研究
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刘雪婷1, 2, 谢秋贤1, 2, 刘琳玉1, 2, 符艳1, 2, 张秀春2, * , 任艳利1, *
作者信息
  • 1.伊犁师范大学生物科学与技术学院,新疆伊宁 835000
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 张秀春(ZHANG Xiuchun),E-mail:
任艳利(REN Yanli),E-mail:
Interactions Between Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus AC2 and AtSGS3 Proteins
Xueting LIU1, 2, Qiuxian XIE1, 2, Linyu LIU1, 2, Yan FU1, 2, Xiuchun ZHANG2, * , Yanli REN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Biological and Geographical Sciences, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China
  • 2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.003
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木薯花叶病毒病(cassava mosaic disease,CMD)对我国和世界木薯生产造成严重威胁和危害,目前尚无有效防治方法且缺乏抗性材料,造成严重经济损失,被认为是最有威胁性的病毒病之一,斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒(Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus,SLCMV)是引起木薯花叶病的主要病原之一。RNA沉默是植物和动物先天性的一种抗病毒免疫反应机制,寄主转录后基因沉默(post transcriptional gene silencing,PTGS)是真核生物中一种保守的基因表达调控机制,也是重要的抗病毒免疫机制之一。寄主基因沉默抑制子(suppressor of gene silencing 3,SGS3)是PTGS通路的关键蛋白,在寄主抵御病毒侵染中发挥着关键作用。为抵御宿主这种免疫反应,病毒通常编码病毒沉默抑制子(viral suppressors of RNA silencing,VSRs)来抵御寄主PTGS的病毒防御机制,与寄主蛋白互作是沉默抑制子发挥作用的主要作用机制之一。为探究SLCMV AC2是否通过与AtSGS3互作而抑制寄主PTGS的免疫功能,本研究采用酵母双杂交技术(yeast two hybrid system,Y2H)和双分子荧光互补技术(bimolecular fluorescence complementation,BiFC)分析SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3之间的相互作用。结果表明:SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3蛋白在酵母细胞和植物体内均存在相互作用的关系。亚细胞共定位研究进一步证明SLCMV AC2在与AtSGS3互作后,可与AtSGS3形成siRNA-body的RDR6发生共定位。这些结果表明SLCMV AC2可能通过与siRNA-body互作而影响寄主自身免疫机制,提高病毒致病性,SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3的互作可能是SLCMV侵染木薯导致花叶症状发生的分子基础。该研究结果为后续深入解析SLCMV致病机理提供新的理论依据。

斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒  /  SLCMV AC2  /  AtSGS3  /  蛋白互作

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) poses a serious threat and danger to cassava production in China and the world, and there is no effective control method and lack of resistant materials, causing serious economic losses, and is considered one of the most threatening viral diseases. Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) is one of the major pathogens causing cassava mosaic disease. RNA silencing is an innate antiviral immune response mechanism in plants and animals, and post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a conserved gene expression regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes, and is one of the important antiviral immune mechanisms. Suppressor of gene silencing 3 (SGS3) is a key protein of the PTGS pathway and plays a critical role in host defense against viral invasion. To counteract this host immune response, viruses usually encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to counteract the viral defense mechanism of host PTGS, and interaction with host proteins is one of the main mechanisms of action for the silencing suppressors to function. In order to investigate whether SLCMV AC2 inhibits the immune function of host PTGS by interacting with AtSGS3, we analyzed the immune function of host PTGS by using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments, to analyze the interaction between AtSGS3 and SLCMV AC2. The results showed that SLCMV AC2 interacted with AtSGS3 protein in both yeast cells and plants. In subcellular co-localization experimental studies, we further demonstrated that SLCMV AC2 could co-localize with AtRDR6, a close partner of AtSGS3, after interacting with AtSGS3. The data suggest that SLCMV AC2 may affect the host autoimmune mechanism and enhance viral pathogenicity by interacting with siRNA-body, and that the interaction between SLCMV AC2 and AtSGS3 may be the molecular basis for the development of foliar symptoms in SLCMV-infected cassava, and the results of this study would provide a new theoretical basis for the subsequent in-depth analysis of the pathogenicity mechanism of SLCMV.

Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV)  /  SLCMV AC2  /  AtSGS3  /  protein interaction
刘雪婷, 谢秋贤, 刘琳玉, 符艳, 张秀春, 任艳利. 斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒AC2与拟南芥SGS3蛋白互作研究. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1323 -1331 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.003
Xueting LIU, Qiuxian XIE, Linyu LIU, Yan FU, Xiuchun ZHANG, Yanli REN. Interactions Between Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus AC2 and AtSGS3 Proteins[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (7) : 1323 -1331 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.003
RNA沉默,又被称为RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是生物进化过程中由双链RNA诱发的、高度保守的、同源mRNA高效特异性降解的现象。寄主转录后基因沉默(post transcriptional gene silencing,PTGS)是真核生物中一种保守的基因表达调控机制,在很多生物学过程中发挥重要作用。植物通过PTGS增强寄主的防卫反应,减少病毒的积累,从而减缓病毒的系统侵染,因此PTGS也是重要的抗病毒免疫机制之一[1-4]。在植物体内,PTGS包括起始阶段、效应阶段和扩增阶段[5]。PTGS的起始阶段是来源不同的双链RNA(double-stranded RNAs,dsRNA)或者内部折叠形成的局部dsRNA经核酸酶RNase-Ⅲ家族的Dicer-like(简称DCL)切割产生19~25 nucleotide(nt)长的双链小RNA(siRNA)。效应阶段则是产生的初级sRNA被Argonaute(AGO)蛋白结合形成RNA诱导沉默复合体(RNA-induced silencing complex,RISC),并指导AGO蛋白专一地识别与其互补的RNA或DNA序列进行切割或修饰。在效应阶段由AGOs切割产生的单链RNA会在植物体内依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶(RNA dependent RNA polymerases,RDRs)的作用下转变为dsRNA,由DCL切割成双链siRNAs,将沉默信号进行放大则称为扩增阶段。
研究表明,依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶6(RNA dependent RNA polymerase 6,RDR6)是合成dsRNA的关键酶,对多种病毒具有抗性。RDR6的沉默会导致中国小麦花叶病毒(Chinese wheat mosaic virus,CWMV)等多种病毒RNA的积累[6-9],因此在抗病毒沉默途径中起着重要作用。基因沉默抑制子3(suppressor of gene silencing 3,SGS3)在PTGS中的功能大多都与RDR6一同被鉴定出来,作为RDR6的辅助因子SGS3本身无法合成dsRNA,但当与RDR6在细胞质中形成小的、较为分散的焦点状,被称为siRNA-body的颗粒,可将植物体内的单链小RNA(single stranded small RNA,ssRNA)招募到RDR6上,使其进行dsRNA的合成。因此在植物的抗病毒沉默途径中同样起着重要作用,然而二者之间的动态平衡往往是由植物病毒或其他植物组分所操控的。例如,甘薯褪绿矮化病毒(Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus,SPCSV)所编码的RNase3能够与siRNA-body产生共定位,抑制RNAi及削弱植物的抗病毒防御[10],莴苣坏死黄色病毒(Lettuce necrotic yellows virus,LNYV)所编码的P蛋白可通过在细胞质中与siRNA-body发生相互作用从而抑制RNAi扩增[11],车前草花叶病毒(Plantago asiatica mosaic virus,PlAMV)则通过编码的TGBp1蛋白与siRNA-body发生互作从而抑制dsRNA和ta-siRNA的合成[12]
斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒(Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus,SLCMV)是双生病毒科(Geminiviridae)菜豆金黄花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)木薯双生病毒(Cassava mosaic virus,CMV)的一个株系,是引发木薯花叶病(cassava mosaic disease,CMD)的主要病原物之一[13]。SLCMV基因组由DNA-A[包含6个基因:AV1CP)、AV2AC1AC2AC3AC4]和DNA-B(包含2个基因:BV1BC1)2个环状单链DNA组分组成,是一个典型的双组分单链DNA病毒,SLCMV编码的AC2蛋白则是由DNA-A组分反义链编码的转录激活因子[13-14]。病毒是专性寄生生物,拥有极小的基因组,因此编码的蛋白大多数是多功能蛋白,研究表明东非木薯花叶喀麦隆病毒(East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus,EACMCV)编码的AC2蛋白不仅对基因的转录激活有着高度保守的作用,而且还是沉默抑制子,在病毒侵染过程中发挥着重要作用[15]。然而,SLCMV AC2是否通过与寄主PTGS沉默抑制通路的关键蛋白SGS3互作进而抵御寄主的自身免疫功能还未见相关报道。为研究SLCMV是否可能通过AC2蛋白与寄主因子SGS3和RDR6相互作用,而抑制寄主RNA沉默功能导致病毒致病性增强,本研究利用酵母双杂交(yeast two-hybrid,Y2H)、双分子荧光互补(bimolecular fluorescence complementation,BiFC)和亚细胞共定位实验,对SLCMV AC2蛋白与拟南芥SGS3(AtSGS3)之间的相互作用进行研究,研究结果将为阐明木薯花叶病毒是如何调控RNA沉默的抗病毒防御功能的分子机理奠定基础。
本氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)种子、酵母表达载体pGADT7、pGBKT7、AD-T、BD-53、AD-PARN[16]、BD-SGS3[17]、植物表达载体pG1300-YN1、YC-SGS3、pZP-P19[17]和RDR6-RFP均为本实验室保存。
限制性内切酶BamHⅠ、EcoRⅠ等工具酶购于宝日生物技术(北京)有限公司(TaKaRa);高效无缝克隆试剂盒购于莫纳生物科技有限公司;琼脂糖凝胶DNA试剂盒、琼脂糖凝胶回收试剂盒购于上海易汇生物科技有限公司(OMEGA);大肠杆菌DH5α、酵母感受态AH109和农杆菌感受态GV3101均购于上海唯地生物技术有限公司;质粒小提中量试剂盒和DNA Marker购于天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;LB培养基购于生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;SD/-Trp/-Leu、SD/-Trp/-Leu/-His/-Ade培养基均购于北京泛基诺科技有限公司;3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑(3-AT)购于北京启研生物科技有限公司;卡那霉素(kanamycin)、利福平(rifampicin)购于北京索宝来科技有限公司。
为构建SLCMV AC2蛋白含结合域的酵母表达载体BD-AC2,参考已报道的SLACMV序列(GenBank: KT861468.1),人工合成两端分别添加酵母猎物载体pGBKT7限制性核酸内切酶EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ位点两侧序列的目的片段Y2H-AC2。参照无缝克隆试剂盒说明书,将人工合成片段Y2H-AC2与经限制性核酸内切酶EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切后的pGBKT7载体连接,连接产物转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中,并涂布到含有50 ng/L卡那霉素的LB培养基中,将平板倒置于37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养12 h。挑取3~5个单菌落,使用通用引物pGBKT7-F和pGBKT7-R(表1)进行菌落PCR鉴定。PCR反应体系:引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,2×Magic Green Taq SuperMix10 μL,用ddH2O补充到20 μL。PCR反应条件为:94 ℃预变性5 min,94 ℃变性30 s,56 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,循环35次;最后72 ℃彻底延伸10 min。挑取2个经菌落PCR鉴定的阳性克隆,委托华大基因科技有限公司进行测序鉴定。
为构建SLCMV AC2蛋白含绿色荧光蛋白N端序列的的BiFC载体YN-AC2,参考已报道的SLACMV序列(GenBank: KT861468.1),人工合成两端分别添加表达载体pG1300-YN1[17]限制性核酸内切酶MluⅠ和KpnⅠ位点两侧序列的目的片段BiFC-AC2。参照无缝克隆试剂盒说明书将目的片段BiFC-AC2与经限制性核酸内切酶Mlu I和Kpn I进行双酶切后的pG1300-YN1进行连接反应,连接产物转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞中,并涂布到含有50 ng/L卡那霉素的LB培养基中,将平板倒置于37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养12 h。挑取3~5个单菌落进行PCR检测,使用AC2特异引物AC2-1F和AC2-390R(表1)进行扩增。PCR反应体系与反应条件与1.2.1中一致,挑取经PCR鉴定为阳性的克隆委托深圳华大基因科技有限公司完成测序鉴定。
参照产品说明书将构建成功的AC2酵母诱饵载体与酵母激活域表达载体pGADT7共同转化AH109酵母感受态细胞,涂布于SD/-Leu/-Trp(SD-LW)培养基上,28 ℃恒温培养箱倒置培养48~96 h,挑取经PCR鉴定阳性的单克隆菌落于25 μL无菌水中,重悬制成悬浮菌液,使用无菌水梯度稀释成10倍、100倍、1000倍,各吸取2 μL接种于SD-LW培养基和SD/-Leu/-Trp/-His/-Ade(SD-LWHA)缺陷培养基中,分别以AD-T与BD-Lam和AD-T与BD-53共转化的酵母为阴性对照和阳性对照。共转化成功的酵母单菌落进行梯度稀释后接种于固体培养基中,28 ℃恒温培养箱倒置培养3 d观察并记录生长情况。若酵母菌落仅在SD-LW培养基中能正常生长,而在SD-LWHA培养基中无法生长,则说明质粒无自激活活性;若酵母菌落在SD-LW培养基和SD-LWHA培养基中均能正常生长,说明该酵母诱饵表达载体具有自激活活性。若有自激活活性,则采取在SD-LWHA缺陷型培养基中添加3-AT的方法进行抑制,逐步增加3-AT的浓度,直至其在添加了该浓度3-AT的SD-LWHA培养基中菌落无法正常生长,则说明在该浓度的3-AT条件下BD-AC2自激活活性基本抑制,可作于后续点板3-AT添加的浓度。
参照AH109 Chemically Competent Cell产品说明书将SLCMV AC2的诱饵质粒和AtSGS3的激活域载体AD-SGS3共转化到感受态酵母细胞中,重悬后的细胞悬液均匀涂布到SD-LW培养基中,倒置于28 ℃恒温培养箱培养48~96 h,待菌落长出后,挑取单克隆菌落分别使用诱饵载体和激活域载体的通用引物pGBKT7-F/pGBKT7-R和pGADT7-F/pGADT7-R进行PCR鉴定。鉴定正确的菌落梯度稀释后各取2 µL不同浓度稀释的菌液分别接种于SD-LW培养基和SD-LWHA培养基,置于28 ℃恒温培养箱,倒置培养3~5 d,观察并记录SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3是否互作。
参照GV3101 Chemically Competent Cell产品说明书将植物表达载体YN-AC2、YN-SGS3和pG1300-YN1转化农杆菌GV3101感受态细胞,转化后的农杆菌均匀涂布到含有相应抗性的LB固体培养基上,28 ℃倒置培养72~ 90 h。使用枪头挑取经菌落PCR鉴定为阳性的单菌落到5 mL含有相应抗生素的LB液体培养基中,置于28 ℃ 200 r/min恒温摇床震荡培养过夜。菌液7000 r/min离心15 min后弃上清,并使用5 mL注射缓冲液重悬沉淀,充分旋涡震荡均匀后将菌液浓度均稀释至OD600为0.5。注射缓冲液配置:分别取2 mL 1 mol/L的MgCl2,2 mL 1 mol/L的2-吗啉乙磺酸(MES)和200 μL 100 mg/ml的乙酰丁香酮(AS),最后用超纯水定容到200 mL。稀释后的菌液在室温放置2~3 h后,等体积混匀用于注射生长旺盛的5~7叶期本生烟叶片。每个组合3个重复,注射后的本生烟避光处理过夜,然后在正常条件下培养。2~3 d后,每个样品取约1~2 cm2使用激光共聚焦显微镜(Olympus FV3000)进行观察烟草细胞荧光情况并拍照,GFP激发光为488 nm。
参照1.2.5中的实验方法将重组质粒YN-AC2、YC-SGS3、RDR6-RFP与pZP-P19分别转化农杆菌感受态,挑取经PCR鉴定为阳性的单克隆菌落到含有相应抗生素的培养基中培养。参照1.2.5中的配方配置注射缓冲液,使用注射缓冲液将菌液重悬并将OD600的值均一到0.5,将菌液OD600均为0.5的YN-AC2、YC-SGS3、RDR6-RFP与pZP-P19四种农杆菌菌液以1∶1∶1∶1的比例混匀,室温静置2~3 h后注射本生烟,至少注射3片烟草叶片,避光条件下处理24 h,然后在正常条件下处理2~3 d。使用荧光共聚焦显微镜对烟草细胞荧光表达情况进行观察并拍照记录,GFP激发光为488 nm,RFP激发光为546 nm。
使用pGBKT7载体通用引物对选取的4个大肠杆菌单克隆菌落进行PCR扩增,扩增产物电泳检测结果如图1所示。不同BD-AC2单克隆菌落PCR产物的片段大小均在500~750 bp之间,与预期目的基因片段大小一致,4个菌落均为阳性克隆,其中2个阳性克隆的测序序列比对正确,表明酵母诱饵表达载体BD-AC2构建成功。
使用SLCMV AC2特异引物对选取的4个大肠杆菌单克隆菌落进行扩增,扩增产物电泳结果如图2所示。不同YN-AC2单克隆菌落PCR产物片段大小均约为250~500 bp,与预期目的基因片段大小一致,4个菌落均为阳性克隆,其中2个阳性克隆的测序序列比对正确,表明荧光双分子表达载体YN-AC2构建成功。
酵母自激活验证结果如图3所示,可以观察到阳性对照在SD-LW二缺培养基和SD-LWHA四缺培养基中均能正常生长形成菌落,而阴性对照仅在SD-LW培养基中正常生长,表明该酵母双杂交系统能有效检验蛋白之间的互作。BD-AC2与pGADT7共转化的菌株在SD-LW和SD-LWHA缺陷型培养基中均能正常生长,但在添加4 mmol/L 3-AT的SD-LWHA缺陷型培养基不能正常生长。该结果表明BD-AC2质粒具有自激活活性,即不与其他蛋白相互作用的条件下可激活下游基因的转录表达,但4 mmol/L 3-AT可有效抑制BD-AC2的自激活活性。AD-SGS3与BD共转化的酵母菌株仅在SD-LW二缺培养基中正常生长,在SD-LWHA四缺培养基中则无法正常生长,表明AD-SGS3质粒不存在自激活活性,可直接用于后续酵母双杂交实验。
SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3互作的酵母双杂交验证结果如图4所示,所有共转化的酵母在SD-LW缺陷型培养基中均能正常生长,但在添加4 mmol/L 3-AT的SD-LWHA缺陷型培养基中仅阳性对照及共转化BD-AC2与AD-SGS3的酵母可正常生长,阴性对照及共转化BD-AC2与AD-PARN的酵母无法正常生长。结果表明BD-AC2与AD-SGS3之间存在相互作用。
剪取不同处理的本生烟叶片在激发光为488 nm条件下的激光共聚焦显微镜下观察,观察结果表明:YN-AC2与YC-SGS3共注射本生烟叶片可在激发光488 nm下恢复绿色荧光,而空载pG1300-YN1与YC-SGS3共同注射未见荧光恢复(图5),进一步验证了斯里兰卡木薯花叶病毒AC2与AtSGS3之间的相互作用。
为研究SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3形成的复合物是否与AtRDR6在细胞内共定位,将YN-AC2、YC-SGS3与携带RFP标签的重组质粒RDR6-RFP和pZP-P19共注射本生烟。结果如图6所示,与BiFC结果相同,SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3在激发光488 nm下恢复绿色荧光,并且与激发光546 nm条件下RDR6-RFP表达的红色荧光发生重合。该研究结果表明SLCMV AC2与AtSGS3形成的复合物和AtRDR6在本生烟表皮细胞中共定位。
重组是许多病毒进化的关键过程,尤其是对于基因组高度压缩的双生病毒,这导致病毒快速变异[18],木薯花叶病是一种高度复杂的疾病,这与木薯花叶病毒是典型的双组分双生病毒息息相关。PTGS是植物抗病毒防御天然机制,为了成功建立感染,在复制和基因表达过程中利用RNA的病毒必须克服宿主抗病毒沉默反应。
病毒编码的蛋白大多数是多功能蛋白,研究表明双生病毒编码的AC2蛋白不仅对基因的转录激活有着高度保守的作用,并且可能在病毒侵染过程中发挥着重要作用。SUNTER等[19]研究表明,双生病毒编码的AC2蛋白是反式激活晚期病毒基因AV1BV1的病毒转录激活因子,近期也有研究表明ACMV的AC2反式激活几个植物基因[20-21]。VANITHARANI等[15]研究表明印度木薯花叶病毒(Indian cassava mosaic virus)编码的AC2蛋白是病毒沉默抑制子,能抑制寄主PTGS对病毒的降解,提高病毒复制量和致病性;研究还发现EACMCV编码的AC2与协同基因非洲木薯花叶病毒喀麦隆株(African cassava mosaic virus,ACMV-[CM])编码的AC4共同作用能够抑制GFP诱导的PTGS,并消除与PTGS相关的siRNA,同时增加GFP mRNA积累。SGS3不仅调控植物生长发育,还参与次级siRNA的产生并放大PTGS的沉默效应,在抗病毒过程中发挥重要作用,是寄主PTGS通路的关键蛋白。在抗病毒防御中SGS3的作用因病毒而异,如寄主SGS3被沉默或敲除后,马铃薯A病毒(Potato virus A,PVA)、油菜花叶病毒(Oilseed rape mosaic virus,ORMV),芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)等的病毒积累量也随之降低;而黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)则在SGS3被敲除后积累量大幅提高;芜菁清脉病毒(Turnip vein clearing virus,TVCV)则基本不受SGS3表达量的影响[22]。研究报道,多种病毒的VSR已经进化出不同的机制来抑制SGS3的功能[23],如番茄黄叶卷曲病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)编码的V2蛋白通过直接竞争SGS3底物来抑制SGS3的RNA结合活性[24],车前草花叶病毒(Plantago asiatica mosaic virus,PlAMV)TGBp1蛋白直接通过与SGS3/RDR6相互作用并共同聚集来干扰dsRNA的合成[12]。然而长期以来的研究表明,与SGS3互作或促进SGS3降解而抑制寄主PTGS的抗病毒免疫功能很可能是一种普遍存在的植物病毒侵染机制[23,25-26],如NbCaM可与NbSGS3相互作用并通过自噬介导NbSGS3蛋白水平降解,从而起到RNA沉默抑制因子的作用并增强病毒感染[27];水稻条纹花叶病毒(Rice stripe mosaic virus,RSMV)编码的P4可以与水稻内源基因沉默抑制因子3(OsSGS3)相互作用,并通过泛素化和自噬通路促进OsSGS3的降解[28]。然而SLCMV AC2是否通过与寄主PTGS沉默抑制通路的关键蛋白SGS3互作进而抵御寄主的自身免疫功能尚无相关报道,为探讨SLCMV的植物病毒侵染机制,首先构建BD-AC2酵母表达载体,与AD-SGS3共转化酵母感受态,酵母双子杂交技术发现SLCMV AC2蛋白能与SGS3发生蛋白的相互作用;然后本研究构建YN-AC2荧光双分子表达载体,与YC-SGS3表达载体的农杆菌共注射并在烟草叶片中瞬时表达,荧光双分子实验中也验证了二者之间的互作。作为RDR6的辅助因子,SGS3在PTGS中的所有功能几乎都是与RDR6一起被鉴定出来的,如rdr6sgs3突变体对CMV的侵染超级敏感性并且能够抑制GUS转基因诱导的s-PTGS、rdr6sgs3突变体能够抑制双生病毒诱导的基因沉默等;rdr6sgs3突变体表现的发育畸形是由于抑制了TAS3的合成等。已有研究表明SGS3/RDR6介导的病毒siRNA扩增在几种病毒中发挥重要的抗病毒作用,如芜菁皱缩病毒(Turnip crinkle virus,TCV)[17],马铃薯A病毒(Potato virus A,PVA)[25]、番茄带状斑点病毒(Tomato zonate spot virus,TZSV)[29]等。本研究结果表明SLCMV AC2不仅与AtSGS3互作,并且形成的复合物与AtSGS3形成siRNA-body的RDR6发生共定位,因此推测AC2蛋白可能通过与AtSGS3互作影响siRNA-body的形成从而抑制寄主PTGS功能导致病毒致病性增强。
迄今,已从几乎所有的真核生物病毒属中鉴定出至少一种VSRs,通过干扰PTGS的各个步骤劫持或抑制抗病毒PTGS。已有研究表明SLCMV AC4是病毒基因沉默的强抑制子,可通过抑制寄主RNA沉默诱导的PTGS通路提高致病性[15],在本研究中发现SLCMV AC2可与AtSGS3存在相互作用,然而SLCMV AC2是否发挥沉默抑制子的功能?SLCMV AC2是否通过与寄主SGS3互作来对寄主行使PTGS病毒调控机制起负调控作用?以及具体相互作用机理尚不明确,这些问题还有待进一步研究。
  • 伊犁师范大学提升学科综合实力专项项目(22XKZY15)
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2024年第45卷第7期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.003
  • 接收时间:2023-05-10
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-10
  • 修回日期:2023-11-10
基金
伊犁师范大学提升学科综合实力专项项目(22XKZY15)
作者信息
    1.伊犁师范大学生物科学与技术学院,新疆伊宁 835000
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所,海南海口 571101

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* 张秀春(ZHANG Xiuchun),E-mail:
任艳利(REN Yanli),E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.07.003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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