Article(id=1276531783818678611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729440000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1731945600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-19, onlineDate=1782278494075, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278494075, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278494075, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278494075, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276531538535781212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='777', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278435595, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782278607615, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1015, endPage=1024, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276531785186021717, articleId=1276531783818678611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Analysis of Water Supply and Demand of Rice Seed Reproduction in Hainan, China, columnId=1237814980427444960, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Agricultural Ecology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the data of rice growth period in Dongfang and Ledong, main producers for rice seed reproduction in Hainan, and the meteorological data from 1971 to 2020, the Penman-Monteith formula and crop coefficient method and the method recommended by the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture were used to obtain the water requirement (ETc), effective precipitation (Pe) and water deficit (Dw) of rice seed reproduction in field period and early, middle and late stage of field period. The change characteristics of water supply and demand of rice seed reproduction in the two regions were then analyzed. The 50-year average value of ETc in field period of rice seed reproduction in Dongfang and Ledong was 400.2 mm and 322.3 mm, respectively, the mean value of Pe was 45.7 mm and 84.3 mm, respectively, and the mean value of Dw was 354.5 mm and 238.0 mm, respectively. The ETc and Dw in field period of rice seed reproduction were mainly distributed in the middle and early stages, accounting for 72.4% to 85.2% of ETc and Dw during the field period. The Pe in field period of rice seed reproduction was mainly distributed in the late and middle stages, accounting for 78.2% and 85.6% of Pe during the field period, respectively. In the past 50 years, the ETc and Dw of rice seed reproduction in field period and all growth stages of field period in Dongfang showed an increasing trend (the increase in field period was significant), while the Pe showed a decreasing trend. The variation trend of ETc, Pe and Dw of rice seed reproduction with time in Ledong was roughly opposite to that in Dongfang. In the past 50 years, the water shortage situation of rice seed reproduction in Dongfang was significantly worsening, while the water shortage situation in Ledong was easing to some extent but remained severe. Effective measures should be taken to mitigate the impact of climate change on the rice seed reproduction. In the past 50 years, the main reasons for the increase of ETc and Dw during most growth stages of rice seed reproduction in Dongfang were the insignificant increase in high temperature and extremely significant increase in low temperature, or the insignificant increase in high temperature and sunshine hours. The main reasons for the decrease of ETc and Dw during most growth stages of rice seed reproduction in Ledong were the insignificant decrease in sunshine hours, extremely significant decrease in average wind speed, or insignificant decrease in sunshine hours and insignificant increase in precipitation. The results of this study provide strong support for rational water use and scientific irrigation scheme for rice seed reproduction in Hainan province under the background of climate change.

, authors=null, authorsList=Haiping ZOU, Xiaomin CHEN, Mingjie ZHANG, Run LYU, Shaowu LIN, Weiguang LI, Rui BAI, Yanxi CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276531786691776865, articleId=1276531783818678611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=海南省南繁水稻制种水分供求情况分析, columnId=1237016045714723050, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与农业生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

基于海南省南繁水稻制种大市(县)东方市和乐东县水稻生育期资料和1971—2020年气象数据,采用Penman-Monteith公式、作物系数法和美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法,得出两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期及其前、中和后期3个生育阶段的需水量(ETc)、有效降水量(Pe)和缺水量(Dw),进而分析两市(县)南繁水稻制种水分供求变化特征。采用多元回归方法对影响南繁水稻制种ETcDw的主要气象因子进行定量研究。结果表明:东方市和乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期ETc 50 a均值分别为400.2、322.3 mm,Pe均值分别为45.7、84.3 mm,Dw均值分别为354.5、238.0 mm。两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期ETcDw均主要分布在中、前期,占大田期ETcDw的比例之和为72.4%~85.2%。两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期Pe均主要分布在后、中期,占大田期Pe的比例之和分别为78.2%和85.6%。近50 a东方市南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段ETcDw均呈增加趋势(其中大田期增加显著),Pe均呈减少趋势。乐东县南繁水稻制种ETc、PeDw随时间变化趋势与东方市大致相反。近50 a东方市南繁水稻制种的缺水形势显著加重,而乐东县南繁水稻制种的缺水形势有所缓解但仍严峻,需积极采取有效措施减轻气候变化给两市(县)南繁水稻制种产业带来的影响。近50 a高温不显著升高且低温极显著升高或高温不显著升高且日照时数不显著增加是引起东方市南繁水稻制种大多数生育阶段ETcDw增加的主要原因;而日照时数不显著减少且平均风速极显著降低或日照时数不显著减少且降水量不显著增加是引起乐东县南繁水稻制种大多数生育阶段ETcDw减少的主要原因。本研究结果为气候变化背景下海南省南繁水稻制种合理用水、制定科学灌溉方案提供有力支撑。

, authors=

邹海平(1987—),男,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:农业气象;E-mail:

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Agroclimatic resources and main crop regionalization in Hainan[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2020: 13-24. 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Growth periods of rice seed reproduction in Dongfang and Ledong

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地Test site移栽期-孕穗期Transplanting period to booting period孕穗期-开花期Booting period to flowering period开花期-成熟期Flowering period to mature period
东方市3月5日—4月5日4月6日—5月5日5月6日—6月2日
乐东县2月27日—3月31日4月1日—4月30日5月1日—5月28日
), ArticleFig(id=1276531798775566767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

东方市和乐东县南繁水稻制种生育期

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地Test site移栽期-孕穗期Transplanting period to booting period孕穗期-开花期Booting period to flowering period开花期-成熟期Flowering period to mature period
东方市3月5日—4月5日4月6日—5月5日5月6日—6月2日
乐东县2月27日—3月31日4月1日—4月30日5月1日—5月28日
), ArticleFig(id=1276531798842675632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Climatic tendency rates of ETc, Pe and Dw of rice seed reproduction from 1971 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index东方市Dongfang city乐东县Ledong county
大田期Field period大田期前期Early stage of field period大田期中期Middle stage of field period大田期后期Late stage of field period大田期Field period大田期前期Early stage of field period大田期中期Middle stage of field period大田期后期Late stage of field period
ETc5.7*2.41.91.4–4.3–1.8–1.5–1.0
Pe–2.9–0.1–0.8–2.00.10.30.1–0.3
Dw8.6*2.52.73.4–4.4–2.1–1.6–0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1276531798913978801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1971—2020年南繁水稻制种ETcPeDw的气候倾向率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index东方市Dongfang city乐东县Ledong county
大田期Field period大田期前期Early stage of field period大田期中期Middle stage of field period大田期后期Late stage of field period大田期Field period大田期前期Early stage of field period大田期中期Middle stage of field period大田期后期Late stage of field period
ETc5.7*2.41.91.4–4.3–1.8–1.5–1.0
Pe–2.9–0.1–0.8–2.00.10.30.1–0.3
Dw8.6*2.52.73.4–4.4–2.1–1.6–0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1276531799006253490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Partial correlation coefficients and contribution rates between meteorological factors and ETc and Dw of rice seed reproduction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地Test site指标Index项目Item降水量Precipitation均温Average temperature高温High temperature低温Low temperature日照时数Sunshine hours水汽压Water vapor pressure平均风速Average wind speedR2
东方市大田期前期ETc偏相关系数–0.0930.1230.422**0.1940.816**–0.846**0.839**
贡献率/%0.712.223.411.315.725.011.70.974
大田期中期ETc偏相关系数–0.102–0.1030.704**0.668**0.930**–0.911**0.917**
贡献率/%0.74.022.719.220.118.814.50.987
大田期后期ETc偏相关系数–0.1110.0250.717**0.759**0.933**–0.950**0.964**
贡献率/%0.70.817.522.518.819.320.40.992
大田期ETc偏相关系数0.276–0.1710.657**0.589**0.842**–0.868**0.872**
贡献率/%2.28.724.021.711.719.012.70.963
大田期前期Dw偏相关系数–0.784**0.1000.2270.1070.675**–0.687**0.693**
贡献率/%13.014.416.98.914.721.510.50.947
大田期中期Dw偏相关系数–0.785**–0.2230.451**0.496**0.786**–0.705**0.645**
贡献率/%12.313.717.919.015.613.28.30.945
大田期后期Dw偏相关系数–0.901**0.1280.2000.2930.651**–0.761**0.669**
贡献率/%28.69.07.713.113.816.511.30.966
大田期Dw偏相关系数–0.609**–0.1850.426**0.502**0.734**–0.722**0.721**
贡献率/%7.913.017.923.911.215.710.30.918
乐东县大田期前期ETc偏相关系数–0.1890.1550.2380.0880.942**–0.604**0.889**
贡献率/%1.812.110.94.038.512.320.50.975
大田期中期ETc偏相关系数0.0050.1500.614**0.2020.989**–0.753**0.960**
贡献率/%0.15.113.04.251.27.918.60.995
大田期后期ETc偏相关系数0.0020.2740.598**0.1440.973**–0.583**0.962**
贡献率/%0.07.614.42.443.36.325.90.990
大田期ETc偏相关系数–0.0520.0730.297**0.2440.958**–0.397**0.893**
贡献率/%0.74.39.910.244.95.924.00.971
大田期前期Dw偏相关系数–0.812**0.1220.163–0.0670.731**–0.383**0.647**
贡献率/%20.115.011.64.823.510.814.30.927
大田期中期Dw偏相关系数–0.858**0.325*–0.125–0.2850.821**–0.1500.576**
贡献率/%24.224.44.512.723.72.38.20.955
大田期后期Dw偏相关系数–0.895**0.459**–0.126–0.339*0.441**–0.0690.383**
贡献率/%36.628.45.112.210.31.26.20.944
大田期Dw偏相关系数–0.851**0.358*0.005–0.298*0.826**–0.1390.688**
贡献率/%24.324.90.214.021.72.112.70.950
), ArticleFig(id=1276531799090139571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

气象因子与南繁水稻制种ETcDw的偏相关系数及贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地Test site指标Index项目Item降水量Precipitation均温Average temperature高温High temperature低温Low temperature日照时数Sunshine hours水汽压Water vapor pressure平均风速Average wind speedR2
东方市大田期前期ETc偏相关系数–0.0930.1230.422**0.1940.816**–0.846**0.839**
贡献率/%0.712.223.411.315.725.011.70.974
大田期中期ETc偏相关系数–0.102–0.1030.704**0.668**0.930**–0.911**0.917**
贡献率/%0.74.022.719.220.118.814.50.987
大田期后期ETc偏相关系数–0.1110.0250.717**0.759**0.933**–0.950**0.964**
贡献率/%0.70.817.522.518.819.320.40.992
大田期ETc偏相关系数0.276–0.1710.657**0.589**0.842**–0.868**0.872**
贡献率/%2.28.724.021.711.719.012.70.963
大田期前期Dw偏相关系数–0.784**0.1000.2270.1070.675**–0.687**0.693**
贡献率/%13.014.416.98.914.721.510.50.947
大田期中期Dw偏相关系数–0.785**–0.2230.451**0.496**0.786**–0.705**0.645**
贡献率/%12.313.717.919.015.613.28.30.945
大田期后期Dw偏相关系数–0.901**0.1280.2000.2930.651**–0.761**0.669**
贡献率/%28.69.07.713.113.816.511.30.966
大田期Dw偏相关系数–0.609**–0.1850.426**0.502**0.734**–0.722**0.721**
贡献率/%7.913.017.923.911.215.710.30.918
乐东县大田期前期ETc偏相关系数–0.1890.1550.2380.0880.942**–0.604**0.889**
贡献率/%1.812.110.94.038.512.320.50.975
大田期中期ETc偏相关系数0.0050.1500.614**0.2020.989**–0.753**0.960**
贡献率/%0.15.113.04.251.27.918.60.995
大田期后期ETc偏相关系数0.0020.2740.598**0.1440.973**–0.583**0.962**
贡献率/%0.07.614.42.443.36.325.90.990
大田期ETc偏相关系数–0.0520.0730.297**0.2440.958**–0.397**0.893**
贡献率/%0.74.39.910.244.95.924.00.971
大田期前期Dw偏相关系数–0.812**0.1220.163–0.0670.731**–0.383**0.647**
贡献率/%20.115.011.64.823.510.814.30.927
大田期中期Dw偏相关系数–0.858**0.325*–0.125–0.2850.821**–0.1500.576**
贡献率/%24.224.44.512.723.72.38.20.955
大田期后期Dw偏相关系数–0.895**0.459**–0.126–0.339*0.441**–0.0690.383**
贡献率/%36.628.45.112.210.31.26.20.944
大田期Dw偏相关系数–0.851**0.358*0.005–0.298*0.826**–0.1390.688**
贡献率/%24.324.90.214.021.72.112.70.950
), ArticleFig(id=1276531799169831348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Climatic tendency rates of meteorological factors in different growth periods of rice seed reproduction from 1971 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地Test site生育阶段Growth period降水量Precipitation/[mm·(10 a)–1]均温Average temperature/[℃·(10 a)–1]高温High temperature/[℃·(10 a)–1]低温Lowtemperature/[℃·(10 a)–1]日照时数Sunshine hours/[h·(10 a)–1]水汽压Water vapor pressure/[hPa·(10 a)–1]平均风速Average wind speed/[m·s–1·(10 a)–1]
东方市大田期前期1.50.3*0.20.4**2.30.1–0.1
大田期中期–0.40.20.10.3**1.5–0.1–0.1
大田期后期–8.80.3**0.10.3**0.4–0.1–0.2**
大田期–7.70.3**0.10.3**4.20.1–0.1*
乐东县大田期前期2.40.10.20.1–3.30.1–0.1**
大田期中期–1.30.10.20.1–1.80.1–0.1**
大田期后期2.20.1*0.3**0.1–2.80.1–0.2**
大田期3.30.10.2**0.1–7.90.1–0.1**
), ArticleFig(id=1276531799241134517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

1971—2020年南繁水稻制种各生育阶段气象因子的气候倾向率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地Test site生育阶段Growth period降水量Precipitation/[mm·(10 a)–1]均温Average temperature/[℃·(10 a)–1]高温High temperature/[℃·(10 a)–1]低温Lowtemperature/[℃·(10 a)–1]日照时数Sunshine hours/[h·(10 a)–1]水汽压Water vapor pressure/[hPa·(10 a)–1]平均风速Average wind speed/[m·s–1·(10 a)–1]
东方市大田期前期1.50.3*0.20.4**2.30.1–0.1
大田期中期–0.40.20.10.3**1.5–0.1–0.1
大田期后期–8.80.3**0.10.3**0.4–0.1–0.2**
大田期–7.70.3**0.10.3**4.20.1–0.1*
乐东县大田期前期2.40.10.20.1–3.30.1–0.1**
大田期中期–1.30.10.20.1–1.80.1–0.1**
大田期后期2.20.1*0.3**0.1–2.80.1–0.2**
大田期3.30.10.2**0.1–7.90.1–0.1**
), ArticleFig(id=1276531799312437686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Main meteorological factors affecting ETc and Dw of rice seed reproduction from 1971 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地Test site指标Index正贡献气象因子Meteorological factors with positive contribution负贡献气象因子Meteorological factors with negative contribution正贡献率前二的气象因子占比Proportion of meteorological factors with the top two positive contribution rate/%主要气象因子Main meteorological factors
东方市大田期前期ETc高温、日照时数、均温、低温水汽压、平均风速、降水量62.4高温、日照时数
大田期中期ETc高温、日照时数、低温、水汽压、降水量平均风速、均温52.5高温、日照时数
大田期后期ETc低温、水汽压、日照时数、高温、均温、降水量平均风速52.5低温、水汽压
大田期ETc高温、低温、日照时数水汽压、平均风速、均温、降水量79.7高温、低温
大田期前期Dw高温、日照时数、均温、低温水汽压、降水量、平均风速57.6高温、日照时数
大田期中期Dw低温、高温、日照时数、水汽压、降水量均温、平均风速47.4低温、高温
大田期后期Dw降水量、水汽压、日照时数、低温、均温、高温平均风速50.8降水量、水汽压
大田期Dw低温、高温、日照时数、降水量水汽压、均温、平均风速68.6低温、高温
乐东县大田期前期ETc日照时数、平均风速、水汽压、降水量均温、高温、低温80.7日照时数、平均风速
大田期中期ETc日照时数、平均风速、水汽压、降水量高温、均温、低温89.7日照时数、平均风速
大田期后期ETc日照时数、平均风速、水汽压高温、均温、低温91.6日照时数、平均风速
大田期ETc日照时数、平均风速、水汽压、降水量低温、高温、均温91.2日照时数、平均风速
大田期前期Dw日照时数、降水量、平均风速、低温均温、高温69.6日照时数、降水量
大田期中期Dw日照时数、低温、平均风速、高温、水汽压均温、降水量71.0日照时数、低温
大田期后期Dw降水量、低温、日照时数、平均风速、高温、水汽压均温68.2降水量、低温
大田期Dw降水量、日照时数、低温、平均风速、水汽压均温、高温61.5降水量、日照时数
), ArticleFig(id=1276531799392129463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531783818678611, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

1971—2020年影响南繁水稻制种ETcDw的主要气象因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验地Test site指标Index正贡献气象因子Meteorological factors with positive contribution负贡献气象因子Meteorological factors with negative contribution正贡献率前二的气象因子占比Proportion of meteorological factors with the top two positive contribution rate/%主要气象因子Main meteorological factors
东方市大田期前期ETc高温、日照时数、均温、低温水汽压、平均风速、降水量62.4高温、日照时数
大田期中期ETc高温、日照时数、低温、水汽压、降水量平均风速、均温52.5高温、日照时数
大田期后期ETc低温、水汽压、日照时数、高温、均温、降水量平均风速52.5低温、水汽压
大田期ETc高温、低温、日照时数水汽压、平均风速、均温、降水量79.7高温、低温
大田期前期Dw高温、日照时数、均温、低温水汽压、降水量、平均风速57.6高温、日照时数
大田期中期Dw低温、高温、日照时数、水汽压、降水量均温、平均风速47.4低温、高温
大田期后期Dw降水量、水汽压、日照时数、低温、均温、高温平均风速50.8降水量、水汽压
大田期Dw低温、高温、日照时数、降水量水汽压、均温、平均风速68.6低温、高温
乐东县大田期前期ETc日照时数、平均风速、水汽压、降水量均温、高温、低温80.7日照时数、平均风速
大田期中期ETc日照时数、平均风速、水汽压、降水量高温、均温、低温89.7日照时数、平均风速
大田期后期ETc日照时数、平均风速、水汽压高温、均温、低温91.6日照时数、平均风速
大田期ETc日照时数、平均风速、水汽压、降水量低温、高温、均温91.2日照时数、平均风速
大田期前期Dw日照时数、降水量、平均风速、低温均温、高温69.6日照时数、降水量
大田期中期Dw日照时数、低温、平均风速、高温、水汽压均温、降水量71.0日照时数、低温
大田期后期Dw降水量、低温、日照时数、平均风速、高温、水汽压均温68.2降水量、低温
大田期Dw降水量、日照时数、低温、平均风速、水汽压均温、高温61.5降水量、日照时数
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海南省南繁水稻制种水分供求情况分析
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邹海平 1, 2 , 陈小敏 1, 2 , 张明洁 1, 2 , 吕润 1, 2 , 林绍伍 1, 2 , 李伟光 1, 2 , 白蕤 1, 2 , 陈彦希 2, 3
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025,46(4): 1015-1024
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与农业生态 2025 , 46 (4) : 1015 -1024
海南省南繁水稻制种水分供求情况分析
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邹海平1, 2 , 陈小敏1, 2, 张明洁1, 2, 吕润1, 2, 林绍伍1, 2, 李伟光1, 2, 白蕤1, 2, 陈彦希2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.海南省气候中心,海南海口 570203
  • 2.海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口 570203
  • 3.海南省气象探测中心,海南海口 570203
Analysis of Water Supply and Demand of Rice Seed Reproduction in Hainan, China
Haiping ZOU1, 2 , Xiaomin CHEN1, 2, Mingjie ZHANG1, 2, Run LYU1, 2, Shaowu LIN1, 2, Weiguang LI1, 2, Rui BAI1, 2, Yanxi CHEN2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Hainan Provincial Climate Center, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China
  • 2.Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Sea Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China
  • 3.Hainan Meteorological Exploration Center, Haikou, Hainan 570203, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.024
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基于海南省南繁水稻制种大市(县)东方市和乐东县水稻生育期资料和1971—2020年气象数据,采用Penman-Monteith公式、作物系数法和美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的方法,得出两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期及其前、中和后期3个生育阶段的需水量(ETc)、有效降水量(Pe)和缺水量(Dw),进而分析两市(县)南繁水稻制种水分供求变化特征。采用多元回归方法对影响南繁水稻制种ETcDw的主要气象因子进行定量研究。结果表明:东方市和乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期ETc 50 a均值分别为400.2、322.3 mm,Pe均值分别为45.7、84.3 mm,Dw均值分别为354.5、238.0 mm。两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期ETcDw均主要分布在中、前期,占大田期ETcDw的比例之和为72.4%~85.2%。两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期Pe均主要分布在后、中期,占大田期Pe的比例之和分别为78.2%和85.6%。近50 a东方市南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段ETcDw均呈增加趋势(其中大田期增加显著),Pe均呈减少趋势。乐东县南繁水稻制种ETc、PeDw随时间变化趋势与东方市大致相反。近50 a东方市南繁水稻制种的缺水形势显著加重,而乐东县南繁水稻制种的缺水形势有所缓解但仍严峻,需积极采取有效措施减轻气候变化给两市(县)南繁水稻制种产业带来的影响。近50 a高温不显著升高且低温极显著升高或高温不显著升高且日照时数不显著增加是引起东方市南繁水稻制种大多数生育阶段ETcDw增加的主要原因;而日照时数不显著减少且平均风速极显著降低或日照时数不显著减少且降水量不显著增加是引起乐东县南繁水稻制种大多数生育阶段ETcDw减少的主要原因。本研究结果为气候变化背景下海南省南繁水稻制种合理用水、制定科学灌溉方案提供有力支撑。

南繁水稻制种  /  需水量  /  有效降水量  /  缺水量  /  多元回归  /  海南

Based on the data of rice growth period in Dongfang and Ledong, main producers for rice seed reproduction in Hainan, and the meteorological data from 1971 to 2020, the Penman-Monteith formula and crop coefficient method and the method recommended by the Soil Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture were used to obtain the water requirement (ETc), effective precipitation (Pe) and water deficit (Dw) of rice seed reproduction in field period and early, middle and late stage of field period. The change characteristics of water supply and demand of rice seed reproduction in the two regions were then analyzed. The 50-year average value of ETc in field period of rice seed reproduction in Dongfang and Ledong was 400.2 mm and 322.3 mm, respectively, the mean value of Pe was 45.7 mm and 84.3 mm, respectively, and the mean value of Dw was 354.5 mm and 238.0 mm, respectively. The ETc and Dw in field period of rice seed reproduction were mainly distributed in the middle and early stages, accounting for 72.4% to 85.2% of ETc and Dw during the field period. The Pe in field period of rice seed reproduction was mainly distributed in the late and middle stages, accounting for 78.2% and 85.6% of Pe during the field period, respectively. In the past 50 years, the ETc and Dw of rice seed reproduction in field period and all growth stages of field period in Dongfang showed an increasing trend (the increase in field period was significant), while the Pe showed a decreasing trend. The variation trend of ETc, Pe and Dw of rice seed reproduction with time in Ledong was roughly opposite to that in Dongfang. In the past 50 years, the water shortage situation of rice seed reproduction in Dongfang was significantly worsening, while the water shortage situation in Ledong was easing to some extent but remained severe. Effective measures should be taken to mitigate the impact of climate change on the rice seed reproduction. In the past 50 years, the main reasons for the increase of ETc and Dw during most growth stages of rice seed reproduction in Dongfang were the insignificant increase in high temperature and extremely significant increase in low temperature, or the insignificant increase in high temperature and sunshine hours. The main reasons for the decrease of ETc and Dw during most growth stages of rice seed reproduction in Ledong were the insignificant decrease in sunshine hours, extremely significant decrease in average wind speed, or insignificant decrease in sunshine hours and insignificant increase in precipitation. The results of this study provide strong support for rational water use and scientific irrigation scheme for rice seed reproduction in Hainan province under the background of climate change.

rice seed reproduction  /  water requirement  /  effective precipitation  /  water deficit  /  multiple regression  /  Hainan
邹海平, 陈小敏, 张明洁, 吕润, 林绍伍, 李伟光, 白蕤, 陈彦希. 海南省南繁水稻制种水分供求情况分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (4) : 1015 -1024 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.024
Haiping ZOU, Xiaomin CHEN, Mingjie ZHANG, Run LYU, Shaowu LIN, Weiguang LI, Rui BAI, Yanxi CHEN. Analysis of Water Supply and Demand of Rice Seed Reproduction in Hainan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (4) : 1015 -1024 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.024
海南省是我国重要的杂交水稻南繁制种基地,年制种面积达到13 333.33 hm2左右,生产的水稻种子可供200万~267万hm2大田种植。水资源作为限制农业发展的重要因素之一,是农业生产中最重要的资源支撑和保证,与农业生产和粮食安全息息相关[1]。海南省南繁水稻制种主要是春季制种,生育期集中在冬、春季[2]。而冬、春季为海南省非汛期,其降水量仅占年降水量的23.4%,加之南繁水稻制种主要分布在海南省年降水量最少和次少的西部、南部[3-4],导致南繁水稻制种水分供需矛盾突出,尤其是移栽期和授粉期,几乎每年均有部分制种区域前期因缺水导致不能移栽,授粉期缺水导致严重减产甚至绝收。如2016年因干旱时间过长、水库缺水、地下水位降低,乐东县佛罗镇青山村有33.3 hm2制种田绝收[5]。因此,研究如何提高海南省南繁水稻制种灌溉用水利用率,对保障南繁水稻制种科学高效生产意义重大。科学确定作物需水量、有效降水量和缺水量,分析作物水分供求情况是进行水资源优化管理、合理制定作物灌溉方案的重要依据。全球气候变暖以及随之改变的降水时空格局将会直接影响作物生长发育和耗水过程,进而影响作物需水量和缺水量[6]。因此很有必要对南繁水稻制种水分供求变化特征及气候归因进行分析。
国内外很多学者分析了不同作物需水量、缺水量和与其密切相关的参考作物蒸散量的变化特征及归因[7-19]。在研究方法上,主要利用联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)推荐的Penman-Monteith公式和作物系数法计算需水量,该方法考虑了影响蒸散的大气物理特性和植物生理机制,具有很好的物理基础[20];缺水量为需水量与同时期有效降水量之差[21],有效降水量的计算主要采用美国农业部土壤保持局(SCS)推荐的方法,该方法是目前众多的有效降水量计算方法中得到公认和普遍推广的方法之一,其有效性已在许多学者的研究中予以证明[22];作物水分供求变化归因分析主要采用多元回归方法,该方法能够定量不同气象要素对作物水分供求变化的影响[17]。目前尚无专门针对海南省南繁水稻制种水分供求变化特征及气候归因的研究报道。海南省南繁水稻制种面积最大的市(县)为东方市,约6000 hm2,其次为乐东县,这两个市(县)的南繁水稻制种面积占全省的比例高达八成左右[4]。因此,本研究基于东方市和乐东县南繁水稻制种生育期资料和气象数据,采用Penman-Monteith公式和作物系数法计算南繁水稻制种需水量,同时结合有效降水量获得南繁水稻制种缺水量,分析两市(县)南繁水稻制种水分供求变化特征,并对其主要影响因素进行探讨,为气候变化背景下海南省南繁水稻制种合理用水、制定科学灌溉方案提供有力支撑。
气象资料来自海南省气象信息中心,包括东方市和乐东县1971—2020年逐日的均温、高温、低温、日照时数、平均风速、水汽压、气压及经纬度和海拔高度。生育期资料来自海南水稻制种产量保险调查数据,包括东方市和乐东县2021年春季水稻制种移栽期、孕穗期、开花期和成熟期。
本文研究的是南繁水稻制种大田期(移栽至成熟)的水分供求情况,根据水稻需水规律将其划分为3个生育阶段,即前期(移栽至孕穗)、中期(孕穗至开花)和后期(开花至成熟),各生育期出现时间为多个品种实测平均值。其中移栽期涉及父本和母本移栽期,二者相差2~3 d,取二者平均值作为移栽期。确定的水稻生育期见表1
作物需水量是指作物在适宜的土壤水分和肥力水平下,经过正常生长发育,获得高产时的植株蒸腾、株间蒸发以及构成植株体的水量之和。由于构成植株体的水量很少,可忽略不计,因此在实际计算中作物需水量为植株蒸腾量与株间蒸发量之和。南繁水稻制种需水量采用参考作物蒸散量和作物系数法进行逐日计算,该方法充分考虑了植株蒸腾量与株间蒸发量,其中参考作物蒸散量是指生长高度为0.12 m、固定叶面阻力为70 s/m、反射率为0.23的参考作物的蒸发蒸腾量,类似于面积广阔、供水充分、高度一致、生长旺盛、完全遮蔽地面的草地的蒸发蒸腾量[20]。南繁水稻制种各生育阶段的需水量由生育阶段内逐日需水量累加得出:
式中,ETc为南繁水稻制种某生育阶段需水量(mm);ETci为日需水量(mm/d);i为生育阶段天数(d);ET0i为日参考作物蒸散量(mm/d),采用Penman-Monteith公式计算[20]Kc为作物系数,不同发育阶段Kc不同,根据FAO推荐的Kc值确定南繁水稻制种大田期前期、中期和后期的作物系数分别为1.05、1.20、0.75。由于海南实际情况与FAO推荐的Kc值需满足的标准条件相差较远,因此根据当地土壤和气候条件参考文献[23]的方法对Kc值进行修正。
有效降水量是指总降水量中能够被作物有效利用的降水量[16]。南繁水稻制种有效降水量采用美国农业部土壤保持局(SCS)推荐的方法进行逐日计算,利用该方法计算的有效降水量充分考虑了无效降水量(含径流量、蒸发量和深层渗漏量),其有效性已在许多学者的研究中予以证明[22],南繁水稻制种各生育阶段的有效降水量由生育阶段内逐日有效降水量累加得出:
式中,Pe为南繁水稻制种某生育阶段有效降水量(mm);Pei为日有效降水量(mm/d);Pi为日降水量(mm/d)。
缺水量为作物生长过程中需依靠灌溉补充的水量,南繁水稻制种各生育阶段缺水量等于需水量减去有效降水量:Dw=ETc-Pe,式中,Dw为南繁水稻制种某生育阶段缺水量(mm)。Dw>0,表示该生育阶段作物缺水;Dw=0,表示水分供需平衡;Dw<0,表示水分盈余。
气候倾向率是指某一要素每10 a的变化速率,用于表征该要素随时间的变化趋势,正值表示该要素呈增加趋势,负值表示呈减少趋势。本研究用Xk表示样本量为k的南繁水稻制种ETcPeDw或各气象因子,用tk表示Xk所对应的年份(即1971,1972,…2020),利用Excel软件建立Xktk之间的一元线性回归方程,并采用F检验法进行显著性检验[24],以方程回归系数(a)的10倍作为南繁水稻制种ETcPeDw或各气象因子的气候倾向率:Xk=atk+b(k=1,2,3,…50)。式中,b为回归常数。
由于影响南繁水稻制种ETcDw的气象因子较多,因此利用SPSS 16.0软件多元回归方法计算各气象因子对ETcDw的贡献率,确定各气象因子对南繁水稻制种ETcDw变化的影响。因各气象因子的单位、量纲和范围不尽相同,对各个气象因子及南繁水稻制种ETcDw进行标准化处理,标准化后的数据序列按照以下公式计算贡献率[19]
式中,YETc/Dw为南繁水稻制种ETcDw的标准化值,X1X2X3Xn为各气象因子的标准化值,a1a2a3…an为标准化后回归系数,Wj为某一气象因子对南繁水稻制种ETcDw的贡献率。
在分析气象因子与南繁水稻制种ETcDw的关系时,气象因子之间相互影响,存在一定的相关性,可能掩盖气象因子与南繁水稻制种ETcDw的真实关系。偏相关分析能在有效控制其他变量影响条件下揭示两变量之间的线性相关程度。因此利用SPSS 16.0软件偏相关方法计算偏相关系数分别确定南繁水稻制种ETcDw与各气象因子的相关性,并采用t检验法进行显著性检验。
1971—2020年东方市和乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期各生育阶段需水量(ETc)、有效降水量(Pe)和缺水量(Dw)均值及占大田期的比例如图1所示。由图1A可看出,东方市南繁水稻制种ETc大田期中期(164.7 mm)>前期(125.4 mm)>后期(110.2 mm),大田期ETc为400.2 mm;Pe表现为后期(22.3 mm)>中期(13.7 mm)>前期(9.7 mm)的规律,大田期Pe为45.7 mm;大田期各生育阶段Dw分布情况与ETc一致,大田期Dw为354.5 mm。乐东县大田期各生育阶段ETcPe分布情况与东方市一致,大田期ETcPe分别为322.3、84.3 mm;大田期各生育阶段Dw分布情况与东方市略有差异,表现为前期(101.6 mm)>中期(99.6 mm)>后期(36.8 mm),大田期Dw为238.0 mm。为更直观地体现南繁水稻制种大田期ETcPeDw在各生育阶段分布情况,计算了各生育阶段各指标值占大田期的比例(图1B)。由图1B可看出,东方市南繁水稻制种大田期中期、前期ETc占大田期ETc的比例之和为72.4%,Dw相应的占比和为75.3%,说明东方市南繁水稻制种大田期ETcDw均主要分布在中期、前期;同理,大田期Pe主要分布在后期、中期,二者占比和为78.2%。乐东县大田期ETcDw亦主要分布在中期、前期,二者占比和分别为74.9%和85.2%;大田期Pe亦主要分布在后期、中期,二者占比和为85.6%。
1971—2020年南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段Dw的正负情况如图2所示。由图2可知,1971—2020年东方市南繁水稻制种大田期及其所有生育阶段的Dw均为正值。而乐东县南繁水稻制种除大田期后期1986年、1999年、2000年和2019年的Dw为负值外(分别为–2.6、–10.5、–5.0、–10.4 mm),后期其余年份和大田期及其前期、中期每年的Dw均为正值,说明1971—2020年东方市南繁水稻制种大田期所有生育阶段每年均缺水,乐东县稍有差异,仅南繁水稻制种大田期后期极少数年份水分有盈余。
1971—2020年南繁水稻制种水分供求变化趋势见表2。由表2可知,东方市南繁水稻制种大田期前、中和后期的ETc均呈不显著增加趋势,其气候倾向率分别为2.4、1.9、1.4 mm/10 a,而三者累加致大田期ETc呈显著增加趋势,气候倾向率为5.7 mm/10 a;Pe的变化趋势与ETc相反,大田期及其前、中和后期均不显著减少;DwETcPe之差,因ETc呈增加趋势而Pe呈减少趋势,导致大田期及其前、中和后期的Dw均呈增加趋势,其中大田期的Dw显著增加,对应的气候倾向率分别为8.6、2.5、2.7、3.4 mm/10 a。
乐东县南繁水稻制种ETcPeDw随时间变化趋势与东方市相反。乐东县大田期及其前、中和后期ETc均呈不显著减少趋势,其气候倾向率分别为–4.3、–1.8、–1.5、–1.0 mm/10 a;除大田期后期Pe呈减少趋势外(气候倾向率为–0.3 mm/10 a),大田期前、中期和大田期Pe均呈增加趋势;大田期及其前、中和后期Dw均呈不显著减少趋势,其气候倾向率分别为–4.4、–2.1、–1.6、–0.7 mm/10 a。
利用多元回归方法计算各气象因子对南繁水稻制种ETcDw的贡献率(表3)。东方市和乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段的ETcDw与相应阶段的气象因子(降水量、均温、高温、低温、日照时数、水汽压和平均风速)的多元回归方程的决定系数(R2)为0.918~0.995,均大于0.900,说明构建的方程可靠性高,采用上述7个气象因子解释ETcDw的变化原因是科学合理的。但多元回归方法计算的贡献率均为正值,无法区分各气象因子对南繁水稻制种ETcDw的正负贡献,进而无法确定影响ETcDw变化的主要气象因子。为解决该问题,需结合各气象因子与南繁水稻制种ETcDw的相关性(即偏相关系数,表3)及各气象因子的变化趋势(即气候倾向率,表4)进行分析。
以东方市南繁水稻制种大田期前期ETc为例,由表3可知,各气象因子中水汽压对大田期前期ETc变化的贡献率最高为25.0%,水汽压与ETc的偏相关系数为–0.846且通过极显著检验,说明水汽压与ETc呈极显著负相关。而从表4可知,1971—2020年东方市南繁水稻制种大田期前期水汽压呈不显著增加趋势(气候倾向率为0.1 hPa/10 a)。水汽压增加导致ETc减少,而实际ETc在增加(表2),说明东方市大田期前期水汽压对ETc变化的贡献为负贡献。各气象因子中高温对ETc变化的贡献率为23.4%,高温与ETc呈极显著正相关(偏相关系数为0.422),1971—2020年东方市南繁水稻制种大田期前期高温呈不显著升高趋势(气候倾向率为0.2 ℃/10 a)。高温升高导致ETc增加,实际ETc也在增加,说明东方市大田期前期高温对ETc变化的贡献为正贡献。以此类推,可确定东方市和乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段各气象因子对其ETcDw变化贡献的正负情况,同一类别贡献按照贡献率大小由高至低排序,结果见表5
通过计算发现,正贡献率排在前2位的气象因子贡献率之和占所有正贡献率之和的47.7%~91.6%,普遍高于50.0%(表5),说明这2个气象因子可以解释南繁水稻制种ETcDw变化的大部分原因,因此定义为主要因子。由此可知,引起东方市南繁水稻制种大田期及其前、中期ETcDw增加的主要因子为高温和低温或高温和日照时数。从表4可知,上述生育阶段的高温均不显著升高,而低温均极显著升高,日照时数均不显著增加,说明高温不显著升高且低温极显著升高或高温不显著升高且日照时数不显著增加是引起上述生育阶段ETcDw增加的主要原因;大田期后期的主要因子为低温和水汽压或降水量和水汽压,该生育阶段低温极显著升高,降水量不显著减少,水汽压不显著降低,说明低温极显著升高且水汽压不显著降低或降水量不显著减少且水汽压不显著降低是导致大田期后期ETcDw增加的主要原因。而乐东县的情形有所差异,引起乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段ETc减少的主要因子均为日照时数和平均风速,而上述阶段的日照时数均不显著减少,平均风速均极显著降低,说明日照时数不显著减少且平均风速极显著降低是导致大田期及其各生育阶段ETc减少的主要原因;大田期及其前、中期Dw减少的主要因子为日照时数和降水量或日照时数和低温,上述生育阶段的日照时数均不显著减少,而降水量不显著增加,低温均不显著升高,说明日照时数不显著减少且降水量不显著增加或日照时数不显著减少且低温不显著升高是引起上述生育阶段Dw减少的主要原因。大田期后期Dw减少的主要因子为降水量和低温,该生育阶段降水量不显著增加,低温不显著升高,说明降水量不显著增加和低温不显著升高是引起大田期后期Dw减少的主要原因。
研究表明,1971—2020年东方市和乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期ETc均值分别为400.2、322.3 mm,大田期各生育阶段ETc中期>前期>后期,符合水稻生育过程中ETc先由小到大,再由大到小的变化规律[25]。两市(县)大田期ETc均主要分布在中、前期,占大田期ETc的比例之和分别为72.4%和74.9%;东方市和乐东县大田期Pe均值分别为45.7、84.3 mm,大田期各生育阶段Pe后期>中期>前期。这是因为两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期前、中、后期对应的月份均大致分别为3、4、5月,3—5月降水量逐月明显增加[3],进而导致Pe亦逐月增加。东方市和乐东县大田期Pe均主要分布在后、中期,占大田期的比例之和分别为78.2%和85.6%;大田期ETc主要分布在中、前期,而中、前期Pe相对较少,占大田期Pe的比例之和分别为52.6%和48.6%,导致南繁水稻制种中、前期缺水严重,两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期中、前期Dw占大田期Dw的比例之和分别为75.3%和85.2%。实际生产中,乐东县南繁水稻制种缺水阶段主要为移栽期-授粉期[5],本研究结果与实际情况相符。1971—2020年东方市南繁水稻制种大田期所有生育阶段每年均缺水,而乐东县稍有差异,南繁水稻制种大田期后期有极少数年份水分有盈余。因此,需加强这两市(县)南繁水稻制种大田期各生育阶段尤其是中、前期的节水灌溉管理。
1971—2020年东方市南繁水稻制种大田期各生育阶段ETc均不显著增加,大田期ETc显著增加,气候倾向率为5.7 mm/10 a;大田期及其各生育阶段Pe均不显著减少;大田期各生育阶段Dw均不显著增加,大田期Dw显著增加,气候倾向率为8.6 mm/10 a。乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段ETc均不显著减少;Pe除大田期后期不显著减少外,大田期及其前、中期均不显著增加;大田期及其各生育阶段Dw均不显著减少。东方市南繁水稻制种大田期各生育阶段Dw在增加,且大田期增加显著,表明近50 a东方市南繁水稻制种的缺水形势日益严峻。乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段Dw均不显著减少,说明乐东县南繁水稻制种缺水形势有所缓解但仍较为严峻。因此,需采取有效措施,如加强农业灌溉设施建设、选用抗旱品种等,以应对气候变化给两市(县)南繁水稻制种产业带来的影响。
归因分析表明,高温不显著升高且低温极显著升高或高温不显著升高且日照时数不显著增加是引起东方市南繁水稻制种大田期及其前、中期ETcDw增加的主要原因;低温极显著升高且水汽压不显著降低或降水量不显著减少且水汽压不显著降低是导致东方市大田期后期ETcDw增加的主要原因。日照时数不显著减少且平均风速极显著降低是导致乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期及其各生育阶段ETc减少的主要原因;日照时数不显著减少且降水量不显著增加或日照时数不显著减少且低温不显著升高是引起乐东县南繁水稻制种大田期及其前、中期Dw减少的主要原因,降水量不显著增加且低温不显著升高是引起乐东县大田期后期Dw减少的主要原因。总体而言,高温不显著升高且低温极显著升高或高温不显著升高且日照时数不显著增加是引起东方市南繁水稻制种大多数生育阶段ETcDw增加的主要原因;而日照时数不显著减少且平均风速极显著降低或日照时数不显著减少且降水量不显著增加是引起乐东县南繁水稻制种大多数生育阶段ETcDw减少的主要原因。南繁水稻制种ETcDw均是在参考作物蒸散量(ET0)的基础上通过计算而得到,且与ET0呈正相关,陈小敏等[26]采用敏感系数与气象因子相对变化率相结合的方法,研究得出东方市春季(3—5月)ET0增加的主要原因是最低温和最高温升高,而乐东县春季ET0减少的主要原因是日照时数减少和平均风速降低。本研究结果与其大致相符,说明采用多元回归方法确定南繁水稻制种ETcDw变化归因切实可行。本研究结果为气候变化背景下海南省南繁水稻制种合理用水、制定科学灌溉方案提供有力支撑。
  • 海南省气象局业务提升项目(HNQXJS202303)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(422MS149)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.024
  • 接收时间:2024-10-21
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21
  • 录用日期:2024-11-19
基金
海南省气象局业务提升项目(HNQXJS202303)
海南省自然科学基金项目(422MS149)
作者信息
    1.海南省气候中心,海南海口 570203
    2.海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口 570203
    3.海南省气象探测中心,海南海口 570203
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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