Article(id=1276531720484688810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728662400000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1731427200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-13, onlineDate=1782278478976, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278478976, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278478976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278478976, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276531538535781212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='777', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278435595, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782278607615, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=924, endPage=936, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276531722355348397, articleId=1276531720484688810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification of Triploid Tea Plant Resources and Ploidy Differences in Bud and Leaf Traits, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) is an essential economic crop in China with significant genetic diversity. Polyploidization, a key driver in species evolution, plays a crucial role in enhancing the economic traits of tea plants, providing new avenues for breeding improved varieties. This study aims to explore the ploidy differences between diploid and triploid tea plants by investigating the morphological, physiological, biochemical and metabolic traits. Utilizing flow cytometry, we identified the chromosome ploidy of 165 tea germplasm resources and discovered 11 new triploid tea plant varieties. The 11 triploid varieties, along with 12 diploid varieties, underwent a comparative study focusing on bud, leaf and anatomical characteristics. The results revealed significant differences between diploid and triploid tea plants in several traits, including phenological period, bud weight, leaf area, stomatal size and stomatal density. Triploid tea plants generally exhibited later budding, significantly higher bud weight, larger leaf areas, and larger stomatal dimensions, but lower stomatal density compared to diploid varieties. As the buds and leaves are vital for tea quality, the morphological and physiological differences can influence tea production and its overall quality. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis using UPLC-MS/MS technology was conducted on the triploid variety Xilianno. 1 and its maternal diploid Fuding Dabai (CK). A total of 1203 differential metabolites were detected, with 170 showing significant variation, of which 81 were upregulated and 89 were down regulated. The most abundant metabolites were flavonoids, followed by amino acids and their derivatives. The triploid variety displayed enhanced levels of metabolites associated with improved antioxidant activity and other health-related properties. The study would provide novel insights into the morphological, physiological and metabolic differences between diploid and triploid tea plants, offering valuable references for genetic assessment and breeding strategies. The findings also emphasize the significance of polyploidy in improving tea plant resilience, yield and quality, which is critical for the sustainable development of the tea industry.

, authors=null, authorsList=Peidi YANG, Yang ZHAO, Furong QU, Yang CHENG, Yong LIU, Zhen LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhen LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276531726914556867, articleId=1276531720484688810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=茶树三倍体资源的鉴定及芽叶性状的倍性差异研究, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

茶树(Camellia sinensis)是中国重要的经济作物,具有丰富的遗传多样性。基因组多倍化是物种进化的重要推动力,在提升茶树经济性状方面发挥着关键作用,为茶树新品种的培育提供了新途径。本研究旨在通过对二倍体和三倍体茶树品种的形态、生理、生化及代谢物特征进行研究,探索它们在倍性上的差异。通过流式细胞术对165份茶树种质资源进行了染色体倍性鉴定,发现了11份新的三倍体茶树品种。随后对这11份三倍体品种与12份二倍体品种进行了芽、叶及解剖结构的比较研究。结果表明:三倍体与二倍体茶树在物候期、百芽重、叶面积、气孔大小及气孔密度等性状上存在显著差异。三倍体茶树一般表现为发芽较晚、百芽重显著较高、叶面积较大、气孔长度和宽度均大于二倍体,气孔密度较低。由于茶树芽叶是影响茶叶品质的关键部位,这些差异对茶叶的生长和品质产生重要影响。此外,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术,对三倍体西莲1号及其母本福鼎大白茶(CK)的代谢物进行分析,共检测到1203种差异代谢物,其中170种代谢物具有显著差异,81种代谢物上调,89种下调。差异代谢物中,类黄酮种类最多,其次为氨基酸及其衍生物。本研究揭示了二倍体和三倍体茶树在形态、生理及代谢层面的显著差异,为茶树的遗传评估和育种策略提供重要参考。三倍体茶树因其较高的生物量积累、代谢物质的优势,展现出在茶树新品种培育中的巨大潜力。这一发现为提高茶叶产量、质量及抗逆性提供重要科学依据,对于茶产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

, authors=

杨培迪(1984—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:茶树种质资源与育种。

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* 刘振(LIU Zhen),E-mail:
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杨培迪(1984—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:茶树种质资源与育种。

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杨培迪(1984—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:茶树种质资源与育种。

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Forests, 2022, 13(10): 1629., articleTitle=Targeted metabolomics reveals impact of n application on accumulation of amino acids, flavonoids and phytohormones in tea shoots under soil nutrition deficiency stress, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276531737329012746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, awardId=2023CX68, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX68), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276531737404510219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, awardId=2021JJ30384, language=CN, fundingSource=湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30384), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276531737471619084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, awardId=CARS-19, language=CN, fundingSource=国家现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276531727132660677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276531727141049286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, companyId=1276531727132660677, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Hunan Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Hunan Branch of National Tea Plant Improvement Center / National Germplasm Repository of Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plants (Changsha), Changsha, Hunan 410125, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276531727149437895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, companyId=1276531727132660677, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家茶树改良中心湖南分中心/国家中小叶茶树种质资源圃(长沙),湖南长沙 410125)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276531733822575601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Flow cytometry histograms of tea plants with different ploidies, figureFileSmall=Z6str0LTwkk1Snixf3VHJA==, figureFileBig=va8qWOlCMio4o1KRk2/Hgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531733893878770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同倍性茶树的流式细胞直方图, figureFileSmall=Z6str0LTwkk1Snixf3VHJA==, figureFileBig=va8qWOlCMio4o1KRk2/Hgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531734049068019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Comparative agricultural traits of triploid and diploid tea plants, figureFileSmall=96XzzUSc2DJY6UdO6R5Xew==, figureFileBig=HZ1gaNuzAAnddTYH1vTp9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531735689040884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=CN, label=图2, caption=三倍体和二倍体茶树的5项农艺性状比较

*为差异显著(P<0.05);***为差异极显著(P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=96XzzUSc2DJY6UdO6R5Xew==, figureFileBig=HZ1gaNuzAAnddTYH1vTp9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531735747761141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Section of triploid and diploid tea plants, figureFileSmall=4SspysjFNk8axfGB3EptLg==, figureFileBig=QyPtyxRU+WIB5c0NX1viAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531735806481398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=CN, label=图3, caption=三倍体和二倍体切片, figureFileSmall=4SspysjFNk8axfGB3EptLg==, figureFileBig=QyPtyxRU+WIB5c0NX1viAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531735869395959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparative stomatal structure of triploid and diploid tea plants, figureFileSmall=yvzm8HuXsC0iEaEROBJ46Q==, figureFileBig=74lVqyrcwfI8DCEpQxACVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531735923921912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=CN, label=图4, caption=三倍体和二倍体茶树气孔结构比较

**为差异极显著(P<0.01)。

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Polyploidy determination and analysis of 165 tested tea plant resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.参试品种Tested variety荧光强度Fluorescence intensityDNA相对含量Relative content of DNA/%倍性判定Ploidy determination编号No.参试品种Tested variety荧光强度Fluorescence intensityDNA相对含量Relative content of DNA/%倍性判定Ploidy determination
1西莲1号313.25156.773n27福大万209.15104.672n
2上梅州305.30152.793n28云大72-04208.97104.582n
3甘77-08304.75152.513n29云大72-04208.97104.582n
4政和大白茶303.20151.743n30友谊茶208.89104.542n
5高巨301.78151.033n31大红208.36104.272n
6君峰299.25149.763n32灵县6号208.22104.202n
7毛蟹294.88147.573n33柳叶早208.20104.192n
8君山银针2号294.50147.383n34HJ-05208.15104.172n
9歌乐292.29146.283n35福湘1号208.13104.162n
10闽水仙292.11146.193n36紫阳72-00208.09104.142n
11八斗78-01291.92146.093n37水仙207.73103.962n
12八斗73-01290.74145.503n38古茶水牛207.27103.732n
13甘79-01288.25144.253n39汝城白茶2号206.77103.482n
14湘安20277.41138.833n40龙井43号206.47103.332n
15汝城白毛3号262.75131.493n41紫笋205.75102.972n
16云南乌黑长叶224.52112.362n42苦茶23-1205.33102.762n
17甘79-02223.83112.022n43桂林72-05204.31102.252n
18莽山2号217.37108.782n44苦茶17-2204.21102.202n
19阔叶藤217.23108.712n45云大79-02203.78101.982n
20粗梗大叶216.12108.162n46水仙72-03203.68101.932n
21湘波绿2号212.40106.302n47涟茶6号203.58101.882n
22苦茶19-1211.67105.932n48黄沙塔茶203.43101.812n
23胜利早209.79104.992n49大叶长203.35101.772n
24浙农25号209.53104.862n50高福203.24101.712n
25高湘2号209.51104.852n51茶陵苦茶12号202.68101.432n
2661-云大-01209.16104.672n52甘梯乐里子202.45101.322n
53密绿丛202.12101.152n92云南长叶白毛茶190.6095.392n
54英红2号201.62100.902n9361-丰-01190.5595.362n
55大尖叶9号201.32100.752n94高湘11号189.4094.792n
56不知春200.77100.482n95卷叶茶189.0694.622n
5781-410200.63100.412n9656-04188.9294.552n
58HJ-01200.30100.242n97苦茶47号188.7894.482n
59福鼎大白茶199.82100.002n98湘安17187.0093.582n
60白观音199.6699.922n99苦茶3号186.8293.492n
61涟茶1号199.5399.852n100苦茶14-2186.4393.302n
62灵阝县苦茶198.9899.582n101福丰20185.7892.972n
63五道水野茶198.8899.532n102青叶同茶185.6392.902n
64尖波黄198.6799.422n103大尖叶185.6392.902n
65涟茶2号198.0299.102n104甘77-06185.5092.832n
66苦茶3-0197.3398.752n105湘波绿43184.7392.452n
67木渚湘3号197.0898.632n106槠叶齐184.2292.192n
68碧山一号196.7698.472n107宜昌大叶183.9892.072n
69英德黑叶水仙196.4798.322n108甘77-14183.9292.042n
70盘龙福引196.4198.292n109高/巨183.5691.862n
71晚来春196.3998.282n110早黄茶183.3991.782n
72南山79-03196.3098.242n111苦茶20-1183.2891.722n
73白毫早195.8798.022n112黄叶峒茶183.0891.622n
74苦茶13-1195.2297.702n113水仙79-01182.8491.502n
75芽己茶195.1097.642n114官福F1182.6191.392n
76安徽1号194.7297.452n115藤茶182.2091.182n
77长皮冰194.1197.142n116福云10182.1891.172n
78甜茶1号193.8196.992n117乐昌子大181.9791.072n
79木奇12号193.5396.852n118大柳黄181.7590.962n
80祁门1号193.4996.832n119明前早181.1490.652n
81雨大3号193.4496.812n120涟源奇曲180.9990.582n
82慢奇兰193.3796.772n121槠叶齐9号180.9490.552n
83辐高136193.2696.722n122福高25万180.0590.112n
84君山绿茶22号193.2496.712n123苦茶16-2179.7189.942n
85大瑶茶193.2396.702n124长一万179.0989.632n
86甘75-03193.1296.652n125黔湄419178.7289.442n
87福木渚湘192.8296.502n126苦茶09-1178.6389.402n
88金水间茶192.4596.312n127隆卷茶178.0989.132n
89梅占192.4196.292n128东湖早177.4288.792n
90汝城白毛4号192.0596.112n129乌龙茶177.2288.692n
91小叶茶191.5195.842n130尖波英13号177.1688.662n
131汝城白毛1号177.1388.642n149苦茶14-1164.8182.482n
132云抗10号176.9588.552n150红叶茶164.7582.452n
133黑叶水仙176.2588.202n151高桥早164.2782.212n
134大蓬茶174.2587.202n152皋卢161.8380.992n
135黄金茶2号173.7186.932n153福大60号161.5280.832n
1365.16171.4985.822n154小柳160.2180.182n
137佛手170.1385.142n155所临湘159.5879.862n
138莽山1号168.5984.372n156越南大叶茶159.3679.752n
139余杭福云168.5384.342n157辐福90159.1679.652n
140湘波绿167.8083.982n158苦茶2号158.2379.192n
141福云7号167.3283.742n159会同朗江茶151.6975.912n
142城步峒茶166.8283.492n160大叶云峰150.3775.252n
143HJ-03166.7183.432n161汝城上野青茶148.8074.472n
144甜茶2号166.0783.112n162古蔺大茶树147.3373.732n
145福长一万165.9883.062n163石门空心茶143.3271.722n
146苦茶08-1165.0382.592n164涟茶7号138.4669.292n
147晚紫浓164.9582.552n165白毛1号136.7768.452n
148牛皮茶164.8382.492n
), ArticleFig(id=1276531736746004483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

165份参试茶树资源及倍性判定情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.参试品种Tested variety荧光强度Fluorescence intensityDNA相对含量Relative content of DNA/%倍性判定Ploidy determination编号No.参试品种Tested variety荧光强度Fluorescence intensityDNA相对含量Relative content of DNA/%倍性判定Ploidy determination
1西莲1号313.25156.773n27福大万209.15104.672n
2上梅州305.30152.793n28云大72-04208.97104.582n
3甘77-08304.75152.513n29云大72-04208.97104.582n
4政和大白茶303.20151.743n30友谊茶208.89104.542n
5高巨301.78151.033n31大红208.36104.272n
6君峰299.25149.763n32灵县6号208.22104.202n
7毛蟹294.88147.573n33柳叶早208.20104.192n
8君山银针2号294.50147.383n34HJ-05208.15104.172n
9歌乐292.29146.283n35福湘1号208.13104.162n
10闽水仙292.11146.193n36紫阳72-00208.09104.142n
11八斗78-01291.92146.093n37水仙207.73103.962n
12八斗73-01290.74145.503n38古茶水牛207.27103.732n
13甘79-01288.25144.253n39汝城白茶2号206.77103.482n
14湘安20277.41138.833n40龙井43号206.47103.332n
15汝城白毛3号262.75131.493n41紫笋205.75102.972n
16云南乌黑长叶224.52112.362n42苦茶23-1205.33102.762n
17甘79-02223.83112.022n43桂林72-05204.31102.252n
18莽山2号217.37108.782n44苦茶17-2204.21102.202n
19阔叶藤217.23108.712n45云大79-02203.78101.982n
20粗梗大叶216.12108.162n46水仙72-03203.68101.932n
21湘波绿2号212.40106.302n47涟茶6号203.58101.882n
22苦茶19-1211.67105.932n48黄沙塔茶203.43101.812n
23胜利早209.79104.992n49大叶长203.35101.772n
24浙农25号209.53104.862n50高福203.24101.712n
25高湘2号209.51104.852n51茶陵苦茶12号202.68101.432n
2661-云大-01209.16104.672n52甘梯乐里子202.45101.322n
53密绿丛202.12101.152n92云南长叶白毛茶190.6095.392n
54英红2号201.62100.902n9361-丰-01190.5595.362n
55大尖叶9号201.32100.752n94高湘11号189.4094.792n
56不知春200.77100.482n95卷叶茶189.0694.622n
5781-410200.63100.412n9656-04188.9294.552n
58HJ-01200.30100.242n97苦茶47号188.7894.482n
59福鼎大白茶199.82100.002n98湘安17187.0093.582n
60白观音199.6699.922n99苦茶3号186.8293.492n
61涟茶1号199.5399.852n100苦茶14-2186.4393.302n
62灵阝县苦茶198.9899.582n101福丰20185.7892.972n
63五道水野茶198.8899.532n102青叶同茶185.6392.902n
64尖波黄198.6799.422n103大尖叶185.6392.902n
65涟茶2号198.0299.102n104甘77-06185.5092.832n
66苦茶3-0197.3398.752n105湘波绿43184.7392.452n
67木渚湘3号197.0898.632n106槠叶齐184.2292.192n
68碧山一号196.7698.472n107宜昌大叶183.9892.072n
69英德黑叶水仙196.4798.322n108甘77-14183.9292.042n
70盘龙福引196.4198.292n109高/巨183.5691.862n
71晚来春196.3998.282n110早黄茶183.3991.782n
72南山79-03196.3098.242n111苦茶20-1183.2891.722n
73白毫早195.8798.022n112黄叶峒茶183.0891.622n
74苦茶13-1195.2297.702n113水仙79-01182.8491.502n
75芽己茶195.1097.642n114官福F1182.6191.392n
76安徽1号194.7297.452n115藤茶182.2091.182n
77长皮冰194.1197.142n116福云10182.1891.172n
78甜茶1号193.8196.992n117乐昌子大181.9791.072n
79木奇12号193.5396.852n118大柳黄181.7590.962n
80祁门1号193.4996.832n119明前早181.1490.652n
81雨大3号193.4496.812n120涟源奇曲180.9990.582n
82慢奇兰193.3796.772n121槠叶齐9号180.9490.552n
83辐高136193.2696.722n122福高25万180.0590.112n
84君山绿茶22号193.2496.712n123苦茶16-2179.7189.942n
85大瑶茶193.2396.702n124长一万179.0989.632n
86甘75-03193.1296.652n125黔湄419178.7289.442n
87福木渚湘192.8296.502n126苦茶09-1178.6389.402n
88金水间茶192.4596.312n127隆卷茶178.0989.132n
89梅占192.4196.292n128东湖早177.4288.792n
90汝城白毛4号192.0596.112n129乌龙茶177.2288.692n
91小叶茶191.5195.842n130尖波英13号177.1688.662n
131汝城白毛1号177.1388.642n149苦茶14-1164.8182.482n
132云抗10号176.9588.552n150红叶茶164.7582.452n
133黑叶水仙176.2588.202n151高桥早164.2782.212n
134大蓬茶174.2587.202n152皋卢161.8380.992n
135黄金茶2号173.7186.932n153福大60号161.5280.832n
1365.16171.4985.822n154小柳160.2180.182n
137佛手170.1385.142n155所临湘159.5879.862n
138莽山1号168.5984.372n156越南大叶茶159.3679.752n
139余杭福云168.5384.342n157辐福90159.1679.652n
140湘波绿167.8083.982n158苦茶2号158.2379.192n
141福云7号167.3283.742n159会同朗江茶151.6975.912n
142城步峒茶166.8283.492n160大叶云峰150.3775.252n
143HJ-03166.7183.432n161汝城上野青茶148.8074.472n
144甜茶2号166.0783.112n162古蔺大茶树147.3373.732n
145福长一万165.9883.062n163石门空心茶143.3271.722n
146苦茶08-1165.0382.592n164涟茶7号138.4669.292n
147晚紫浓164.9582.552n165白毛1号136.7768.452n
148牛皮茶164.8382.492n
), ArticleFig(id=1276531736850862084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Agricultural traits of triploid and diploid tea plants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
倍性Ploidy叶片着生状态Leaf insertion status叶色Leaf color叶面Leaf surface叶身Leaf shape叶质Leaf texture叶齿锐度Leaf tooth sharpness叶齿密度Leaf tooth density叶齿深度Leaf tooth depth叶尖Leaf apex叶缘Leaf margin叶脉对数Leaf vein pairs
三倍体1.18±0.403.00±0.772.09±0.941.45±0.692.18±0.751.73±0.792.36±0.501.82±0.872.45±0.521.64±0.819.36±1.12
二倍体1.58±0.513.08±0.291.58±0.671.71±0.541.92±0.791.83±0.722.67±0.651.67±0.892.29±0.921.88±0.89.67±1.83
), ArticleFig(id=1276531736913776645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

三倍体和二倍体茶树的11项农艺性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
倍性Ploidy叶片着生状态Leaf insertion status叶色Leaf color叶面Leaf surface叶身Leaf shape叶质Leaf texture叶齿锐度Leaf tooth sharpness叶齿密度Leaf tooth density叶齿深度Leaf tooth depth叶尖Leaf apex叶缘Leaf margin叶脉对数Leaf vein pairs
三倍体1.18±0.403.00±0.772.09±0.941.45±0.692.18±0.751.73±0.792.36±0.501.82±0.872.45±0.521.64±0.819.36±1.12
二倍体1.58±0.513.08±0.291.58±0.671.71±0.541.92±0.791.83±0.722.67±0.651.67±0.892.29±0.921.88±0.89.67±1.83
), ArticleFig(id=1276531736985079814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Analysis of leaf anatomical structure and stomatal traits in 23 tea germplasm resources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种名称Variety name倍性Ploidy产地Origin品种名称Variety name倍性Ploidy产地Origin
保靖黄金茶1号2n湖南闽水仙3n福建
碧香早2n湖南西莲1号3n湖南
碧云2n浙江甘77-083n湖南
福鼎大白茶2n福建甘79-013n湖南
龙井432n浙江高巨3n湖南
川农黄芽早2n四川歌乐3n福建
舒茶早2n安徽君峰3n湖南
铁观音2n福建毛蟹3n福建
湘茶研1号2n湖南上梅州3n福建
宜昌大叶2n湖北湘安20号3n湖南
鄂茶一号2n湖北政和大白茶3n福建
槠叶齐2n湖南
), ArticleFig(id=1276531737052188679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

叶片解剖结构与气孔性状分析的23份茶树种质资源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种名称Variety name倍性Ploidy产地Origin品种名称Variety name倍性Ploidy产地Origin
保靖黄金茶1号2n湖南闽水仙3n福建
碧香早2n湖南西莲1号3n湖南
碧云2n浙江甘77-083n湖南
福鼎大白茶2n福建甘79-013n湖南
龙井432n浙江高巨3n湖南
川农黄芽早2n四川歌乐3n福建
舒茶早2n安徽君峰3n湖南
铁观音2n福建毛蟹3n福建
湘茶研1号2n湖南上梅州3n福建
宜昌大叶2n湖北湘安20号3n湖南
鄂茶一号2n湖北政和大白茶3n福建
槠叶齐2n湖南
), ArticleFig(id=1276531737123491848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Anatomical structure of triploid and diploid tea plant leaves

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倍性Ploidy叶肉厚度Leaf mesophyll thickness/mm栅栏组织厚度Palisade tissue thickness/mm上表皮厚度Upper epidermis thickness/mm下表皮厚度Lower epidermis thickness/mm
三倍体0.265 19±0.026 600.105 30±0.017 970.021 24±0.002 820.017 11±0.002 17
二倍体0.264 73±0.046 930.109 13±0.017 910.020 90±0.002 650.016 55±0.001 72
倍性Ploidy角质层厚度Cuticle layer thickness/mm中脉厚度Midrib thickness/mm维管束木质部面积Vascular bundle xylem area/mm2维管束面积Vascular bundle area/mm2
三倍体0.003 22±0.000 530.807 20±0.152 570.029 21±0.019 450.201 50±0.087 16
二倍体0.003 09±0.000 770.805 89±0.142 590.040 60±0.030 330.210 71±0.096 92
), ArticleFig(id=1276531737203183625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531720484688810, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

三倍体和二倍体茶树叶片解剖结构

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倍性Ploidy叶肉厚度Leaf mesophyll thickness/mm栅栏组织厚度Palisade tissue thickness/mm上表皮厚度Upper epidermis thickness/mm下表皮厚度Lower epidermis thickness/mm
三倍体0.265 19±0.026 600.105 30±0.017 970.021 24±0.002 820.017 11±0.002 17
二倍体0.264 73±0.046 930.109 13±0.017 910.020 90±0.002 650.016 55±0.001 72
倍性Ploidy角质层厚度Cuticle layer thickness/mm中脉厚度Midrib thickness/mm维管束木质部面积Vascular bundle xylem area/mm2维管束面积Vascular bundle area/mm2
三倍体0.003 22±0.000 530.807 20±0.152 570.029 21±0.019 450.201 50±0.087 16
二倍体0.003 09±0.000 770.805 89±0.142 590.040 60±0.030 330.210 71±0.096 92
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茶树三倍体资源的鉴定及芽叶性状的倍性差异研究
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杨培迪 , 赵洋 , 璩馥榕 , 成杨 , 刘勇 , 刘振 *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(4): 924-936
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (4) : 924 -936
茶树三倍体资源的鉴定及芽叶性状的倍性差异研究
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杨培迪(1984—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:茶树种质资源与育种。

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杨培迪(1984—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:茶树种质资源与育种。

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杨培迪, 赵洋, 璩馥榕, 成杨, 刘勇, 刘振*
作者信息
  • 湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家茶树改良中心湖南分中心/国家中小叶茶树种质资源圃(长沙),湖南长沙 410125
通讯作者:
* 刘振(LIU Zhen),E-mail:
Identification of Triploid Tea Plant Resources and Ploidy Differences in Bud and Leaf Traits
Peidi YANG, Yang ZHAO, Furong QU, Yang CHENG, Yong LIU, Zhen LIU*
Affiliations
  • Hunan Tea Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Hunan Branch of National Tea Plant Improvement Center / National Germplasm Repository of Small and Medium Leaf Tea Plants (Changsha), Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.015
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茶树(Camellia sinensis)是中国重要的经济作物,具有丰富的遗传多样性。基因组多倍化是物种进化的重要推动力,在提升茶树经济性状方面发挥着关键作用,为茶树新品种的培育提供了新途径。本研究旨在通过对二倍体和三倍体茶树品种的形态、生理、生化及代谢物特征进行研究,探索它们在倍性上的差异。通过流式细胞术对165份茶树种质资源进行了染色体倍性鉴定,发现了11份新的三倍体茶树品种。随后对这11份三倍体品种与12份二倍体品种进行了芽、叶及解剖结构的比较研究。结果表明:三倍体与二倍体茶树在物候期、百芽重、叶面积、气孔大小及气孔密度等性状上存在显著差异。三倍体茶树一般表现为发芽较晚、百芽重显著较高、叶面积较大、气孔长度和宽度均大于二倍体,气孔密度较低。由于茶树芽叶是影响茶叶品质的关键部位,这些差异对茶叶的生长和品质产生重要影响。此外,利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术,对三倍体西莲1号及其母本福鼎大白茶(CK)的代谢物进行分析,共检测到1203种差异代谢物,其中170种代谢物具有显著差异,81种代谢物上调,89种下调。差异代谢物中,类黄酮种类最多,其次为氨基酸及其衍生物。本研究揭示了二倍体和三倍体茶树在形态、生理及代谢层面的显著差异,为茶树的遗传评估和育种策略提供重要参考。三倍体茶树因其较高的生物量积累、代谢物质的优势,展现出在茶树新品种培育中的巨大潜力。这一发现为提高茶叶产量、质量及抗逆性提供重要科学依据,对于茶产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。

茶树  /  倍性分析  /  流式细胞术  /  代谢组学  /  多倍体育种

Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) is an essential economic crop in China with significant genetic diversity. Polyploidization, a key driver in species evolution, plays a crucial role in enhancing the economic traits of tea plants, providing new avenues for breeding improved varieties. This study aims to explore the ploidy differences between diploid and triploid tea plants by investigating the morphological, physiological, biochemical and metabolic traits. Utilizing flow cytometry, we identified the chromosome ploidy of 165 tea germplasm resources and discovered 11 new triploid tea plant varieties. The 11 triploid varieties, along with 12 diploid varieties, underwent a comparative study focusing on bud, leaf and anatomical characteristics. The results revealed significant differences between diploid and triploid tea plants in several traits, including phenological period, bud weight, leaf area, stomatal size and stomatal density. Triploid tea plants generally exhibited later budding, significantly higher bud weight, larger leaf areas, and larger stomatal dimensions, but lower stomatal density compared to diploid varieties. As the buds and leaves are vital for tea quality, the morphological and physiological differences can influence tea production and its overall quality. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis using UPLC-MS/MS technology was conducted on the triploid variety Xilianno. 1 and its maternal diploid Fuding Dabai (CK). A total of 1203 differential metabolites were detected, with 170 showing significant variation, of which 81 were upregulated and 89 were down regulated. The most abundant metabolites were flavonoids, followed by amino acids and their derivatives. The triploid variety displayed enhanced levels of metabolites associated with improved antioxidant activity and other health-related properties. The study would provide novel insights into the morphological, physiological and metabolic differences between diploid and triploid tea plants, offering valuable references for genetic assessment and breeding strategies. The findings also emphasize the significance of polyploidy in improving tea plant resilience, yield and quality, which is critical for the sustainable development of the tea industry.

tea plant  /  ploidy analysis  /  flow cytometry  /  metabolomics  /  polyploid breeding
杨培迪, 赵洋, 璩馥榕, 成杨, 刘勇, 刘振. 茶树三倍体资源的鉴定及芽叶性状的倍性差异研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (4) : 924 -936 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.015
Peidi YANG, Yang ZHAO, Furong QU, Yang CHENG, Yong LIU, Zhen LIU. Identification of Triploid Tea Plant Resources and Ploidy Differences in Bud and Leaf Traits[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (4) : 924 -936 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.015
茶树(Camellia sinensis)作为中国重要叶用经济作物,其品质和产量直接影响到茶产业经济效益。茶树遗传多样性是培育新品种和改良现有品种的基础[1]。多倍体育种作为一种有效的遗传改良手段,已被广泛应用于茶树育种工作中[2-3]
多倍体不仅在促进高等植物进化多样性和物种形成中起着重要作用,其代谢物的复杂性也对茶叶的品质有着直接影响。人工诱导多倍体能够增加基因的拷贝数[4],并可能导致基因组改变,如表观遗传变化和影响多种表型调控基因的表达。这不仅表现在解剖学和形态学变化上,还在代谢物的差异上显现,尤其是那些影响茶叶风味和健康的关键代谢物[5]。因此,探究多倍体与二倍体茶树在代谢层面的差异,对于理解其对环境的适应性和生物量、产量及抗逆性的提升具有重要意义[6-12]
传统的倍性鉴定方法包括染色体计数法和形态学分析,这些方法存在操作复杂、效率低下和准确性不足的局限性[13]。流式细胞术(FCM)作为一种迅速、精确且高通量的倍性鉴定技术,近年来在植物学领域得到了广泛应用[6,14-18]。该技术通过测量细胞核DNA含量,能够快速区分不同倍性的植物细胞,有效降低了茶树资源的倍性鉴定的复杂性[19]。超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术(UPLC-MS/MS)是一种结合了UPLC的高分离能力和质谱的高选择性、高灵敏度的分析技术,在生化成分差异研究中具有显著优点[20]
本研究利用流式细胞术对茶树资源进行倍性鉴定,并深入分析不同倍性茶树的差异。比较二倍体与三倍体茶树在形态学、生理生化和细胞结构方面的差异,探讨多倍体育种对茶树农艺性状的影响。
供试茶树资源共165(表1),材料采自中国云南、福建、四川、湖南、湖北、贵州、台湾和越南茶树种植地区。由国家中小叶茶树种质资源圃(长沙)收集,该地区气候条件一致,土壤类型相同,且样本的栽培管理方法统一。为了排除栽培环境对叶片解剖结构的影响,所有茶树资源均采用相同的栽培方式,包含一致的施肥、水管理和病虫害防治措施。于2022年11月采集一芽二叶用于染色体倍性分析,成熟叶片用于切片和电镜观察。将茶树叶片分为5等分,取中部叶片,以确保不同材料的采样一致性。以二倍体福鼎大白茶和三倍体政和大白茶作为对照。
Partec CyStain UV Precise P试剂盒,甲醇(色谱纯)、乙腈(色谱纯)、乙醇(色谱纯);标准品以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)或甲醇作为溶剂溶解后,-20 ℃保存,质谱分析前采用70%甲醇稀释成合适浓度(BioBioPha,Sigma-Aldrich)。
流式细胞仪型号为德国Partec CyFlow Space,自动测定染色体含量分布图像,参数调控依据仪器说明书。真空冷冻干燥机(FD-56,美国SIM),离心机(5424R,德国Eppendorf),研磨机(MM 400,德国RETSCH)),超高效液相色谱(UPLC,Shim-pack UFLCSHIMADZU CBM30A),串联质谱(MS/MS,Applied Biosystems 4500 QTRAP)。
取200 mg新鲜叶片组织,用蒸馏水洗净表面尘土,滤纸吸干后放入预冷的培养皿内。取细胞核裂解液500 µL,加至样本周围,用锋利刀片切碎,持续60 s,提取完整细胞核。过滤培养皿中的液体至样品管中,加入荧光染色液2000 µL,避光条件下染色60 s后进行测试。先游离细胞核,再用荧光染色液将细胞核染色体上的碱基染色,用仪器测量细胞核里被染色的碱基的荧光强度,横坐标表示荧光强度,纵坐标表示细胞数量。由于荧光强度与DNA含量成正比,因此可由对照样本的倍性计算得出样本的倍性。
以70%FAA固定液(甲醛-乙醇-冰醋酸固定液:福尔马林10 mL、冰醋酸5 mL、70%乙醇85 mL)处理待检测样本。进行修剪、脱水、包埋、切片、染色、封片及镜检,最后对合格的样片进行图像采集分析。具体操作步骤包括:石蜡切片脱蜡至水(二甲苯、无水乙醇、75%乙醇、自来水)、番红染色(1~2 h,自来水冲洗)、脱色(50%、70%、80%乙醇)、固绿染色(30~60 s,无水乙醇三缸脱水)和透明封片(采用二甲苯进行透明处理,之后用中性树胶封片),并在显微镜下进行镜检及图像采集分析。为确保试验结果的可靠性,每一份材料的切片制作均重复3次。组织切片的图像通过显微镜观察,测量叶片厚度等指标3次,并计算平均值和标准误差。
取材固定新鲜组织,选取叶片同一部位,尽量减小机械损伤,进行电镜固定。对样品进行脱水、干燥、导电处理,使用扫描电子显微镜进行观察和图像记录,并测量气孔大小,计算气孔密度。每份材料重复3次。
根据《茶树种质资源描述规范》NY/T 2943—2016[21],对茶树种质资源的形态特征进行调查、描述和测量。其中包括物候期、一芽二叶百芽重、叶形、叶基、叶片着生状态、叶面积(cm2)、叶色、叶面、叶质、叶身、叶齿锐度、叶齿密度、叶齿深度、叶尖、叶缘、叶脉对数共16个性状。同一生境条件下,每个品种选取10株代表性植株,对其进行挂牌和田间观察和测量。质量性状重复观察10次,以多数为准(例:叶色,取10片叶子观察,6片以上为绿色,则记录该茶树叶色为绿色);数量性状利用测量尺及人工计数重复测量10次后取平均值。叶面积(cm2)=叶长(cm)×叶宽(cm)×0.7(系数)。
液相条件如下,色谱柱:Agilent SB-C18 1.8 µm,2.1 mm×100 mm;流动相:A相为加入0.1%甲酸的超纯水,B相为乙腈;洗脱梯度:起始B相比例为5%,9.00 min内线性增加至95%并维持1 min,10.00~11.10 min内下降为5%并维持至14 min;流速0.35 mL/min;柱温40 ℃;进样量4 μL。质谱条件参照ELIZABETH[22]的方法。
基于液质联用(LC-MS)技术,利用高灵敏度的SCIEX QTRAP® 6500+质谱平台进行类靶向代谢组学研究,由诺禾致源检测分析。
茶树农艺性状指标依据《茶树种质资源描述规范》[21]进行赋值。采用Excel 2021软件进行数据整理,利用graphpad prism 9.5软件进行差异显著性分析并作图。质谱数据处理采用Analyst 1.6.3软件。基于迈维生物科技公司的植物广靶代谢数据库,对样本的代谢物进行质谱定性分析,用MultiaQuant软件进行色谱峰的积分和校正工作。主成分分析(PCA)采用R软件(http://www.rproject.org/)的内置统计prcomp函数,设置prcomp函数参数scale=True,对数据进行unit variance scaling(UV)归一化。通过R软件pheatmap包绘制热图,对代谢物在不同样本间的积累模式进行聚类分析。采用正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(OPLS-DA),基于模型获得的变量重要性投影值(variable importance in projection,VIP)和差异倍数值(fold change,FC)进行不同资源间的差异代谢物筛选,筛选的依据为VIP>1,同时含量增加的代谢物FC≥2或含量减少的代谢物FC≤0.5[23]
采用流式细胞仪对165份茶树种质资源进行染色体倍性测定,福鼎大白茶为二倍体茶树资源对照(荧光强度199.82,DNA相对含量为100%),政和大白茶为三倍体对照(荧光强度303.20,DNA相对含量为151.74%),三倍体品种DNA相对含量大约是二倍体的1.5倍,以此对不同茶树资源进行倍性判定(图1)。
在所测定的茶树资源中(表1),15份判定为三倍体,分别是西莲1号、上梅州、甘77-08、政和大白茶、高巨、君峰、毛蟹、君山银针2号、歌乐、闽水仙、八斗78-01、八斗73-01、甘79-01、湘安20、汝城白毛3号,其荧光强度为262.75~313.25,平均值为294.16,标准差为12.23,变异率为4.16%,DNA相对含量为131.49%~156.77%;150份资源判定为二倍体,荧光强度为136.77~224.52,平均值为188.07,标准差为17.90,变异率为9.52%,DNA相对含量为68.45%~112.36%。
茶树资源的二倍体和三倍体在农艺性状方面(共16个),11个性状(表2)表现相近,包括叶片着生状态、叶色、叶面、叶身、叶质、叶齿锐度、叶齿密度、叶齿深度、叶尖、叶缘、叶脉对数,二者间均无明显区别。
图2所示,本研究所选的三倍体和二倍体茶树资源在物候期、一芽二叶百芽重、叶面积大小、叶形和叶基等5项性状上存在显著差异。其中,三倍体茶树资源均为晚生种,物候期为3.00±0.00,二倍体茶树资源则包含有早生种、中生种和晚生种,物候期为1.83±0.83,二者之间的物候期差异达到极显著水平;三倍体的一芽二叶百芽重为(29.69±6.23)g,明显高于二倍体(21.66±8.87)g,二者之间的差异达到显著水平;三倍体的叶面积为(29.59±8.18)cm2,二倍体为(23.12±6.37)cm2,二者之间的差异达到显著水平;三倍体的叶形为3.00±0.77,二倍体为3.75±0.75,二者之间的差异达到显著水平;三倍体的叶基为1.64±0.50,二倍体为1.17±0.39,二者之间的差异达到显著水平。
农艺性状对比发现,二倍体与三倍体茶树资源之间的差异主要集中在芽叶性状。为探讨二倍体与三倍体茶树叶片之间的差异,选取23份茶树资源进行叶片解剖结构与气孔性状分析(表3)。依据其地理来源和倍性鉴定结果,从165份茶树种质资源中筛选出23份材料进行叶片显微结构对比分析。所有样本均来自中国的主要茶树种植区(如湖南、贵州、浙江、福建、安徽等),覆盖了多个品种和遗传背景,以确保代表性。23份样本中包括11份三倍体和12份二倍体茶树资源。
对二倍体与三倍体茶树资源的叶片解剖结构进行比较(表4图3),发现在叶肉厚度、栅栏组织厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、角质层厚度、中脉厚度、维管束木质部面积以及维管束面积,均无显著差异。叶片解剖结构在这些参数上未显示出预期的变化。
在气孔方面,二倍体茶树与三倍体茶树之间存在显著差异(图4图5)。三倍体茶树的气孔长度为(19.27±3.7)μm,而二倍体茶树为(15.27±2.56)μm,二者之间的差异达到了极显著水平。在气孔宽度方面,三倍体茶树为(7.21±1.65)μm,二倍体茶树为(5.36±1.34)μm,其差异同样具有极显著性。此外,气孔密度在三倍体茶树和二倍体茶树之间也存在显著差异,前者为(5.64±1.12)个/37 037.3555 μm2,后者为(7.28±1.45)个/37 037.3555 μm2。综上所述,三倍体茶树在气孔长度和气孔宽度方面均显著大于二倍体茶树,但气孔密度却低于二倍体茶树。
为了探讨三倍体与二倍体茶树在芽叶代谢物方面的差异,本研究以二倍体茶树福鼎大白茶(FDDB)为母本,以其三倍体后代西莲1号(XL1)为对象进行代谢物分析。FDDB为二倍体的典型代表,广泛应用于茶叶产业,而XL1作为其三倍体后代,具有明确的亲缘关系,能够有效减少其他基因背景带来的干扰,确保倍性差异是代谢物变化的主要原因。
通过比较母本FDDB与XL1的代谢物积累情况,能够揭示二者在基因表达与代谢物质含量上的差异。这种基于亲缘关系的对比研究对于分析三倍体植物的代谢优势具有重要的意义,尤其在茶树研究中,可以更直观地展示倍性变化对茶叶品质的影响。
同一种资源的3个样本重复聚在一起(图6),2份资源处于质控样品的不同区域,说明品种间的代谢物存在显著差异。以母本FDDB为对照组,共检测到1203个差异代谢物。采用OPLS-DA分析方法对二倍体亲本和三倍体后代进行了显著性差异分析。OPLS-DA模型的R2Y均为1,Q2为0.61,说明模型构建良好。基于OPLS-DA显著差异代谢物的筛选依据,XL1对比FDDB共筛选出差异显著代谢物170个,其中表达量上调81个,表达量下调89个。差异代谢物分类中,类黄酮类最多(54个),其次为氨基酸及其衍生物(18个)、酚酸类(15个)、糖类及其衍生物(13个)、有机酸及其衍生物(11个)、茶丙素和聚酮化合物(9个)、酚类及其衍生物(8个)、有机杂环化合物(8个)、脂质(7个)、核苷酸及其衍生物(6个)、醇类和多元醇类(4个)、萜类(4个)、胺类(3个)、生物碱及其衍生物(3个)、维生素(3个)、有机氧化合物(2个)、植物激素(2个)。对差异代谢物差异倍数进行对数化处理,差异代谢物增加和减少排在前20位的物质(图7),增加最多的斩龙剑苷A(酚酸类),其次是3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚(酚类及其衍生物),减少最多的为N-羟基-L-色氨酸(氨基酸及其衍生物),其次为8-氯-1-四氢酮(有机杂环化合物)。
通过差异代谢物KEEG分类分析发现主要富集在4个大类(图8):(1)代谢,主要富集在10个通路,排前3分别是全局和概览图(31.11%),其他次级代谢产物的生物合成(16.67%),氨基酸代谢(14.44%);(2)基因信息处理,富集在翻译(2.22%)和蛋白质折叠、分类和降解(1.11%);(3)环境信息处理,富集在膜运输(2.22%);(4)细胞进程,富集在运输和分解代谢(1.11%)。通过KEEG分析(图9),差异代谢通路中变化最显著的前3依次为黄酮类化合物的生物合成,黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成,戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸的相互转化。
倍性改变对植物的外观和内部结构产生显著影响。多倍体植物在形态学(如更大的细胞、更厚的叶子、更长的木纤维)、生理学(如更高的叶绿素含量和光合速率)和生化(如更高的次生代谢物、叶绿素和激素的含量),均表现出具有农业意义的复杂性状(如更高或更低的生长速率、耐旱性、抗倒伏性)[24-26]。本研究深入探讨了茶树倍性变化对其形态和生理特性的影响。利用流式细胞术和气孔观察技术确认了茶种种质资源中二倍体与三倍体的多样性,并发现三倍体茶树在气孔长度、气孔宽度、气孔密度等方面的显著差异,这些特征与多倍体植物的“巨大化”现象相吻合,可能源于基因剂量效应[27-29]
在形态学上,三倍体茶树展现出了较大的叶片和较长的叶柄,这与多倍体植物的一般特征相符。此外,三倍体茶树在物候期上表现为晚生,这可能与其生长周期的延长有关,从而在生长季节后期更好地适应环境,提高茶叶品质。在农艺性状方面,三倍体茶树的一芽二叶百芽重和叶面积显著高于二倍体,这表明其具有更高的生物量积累能力,可能与细胞体积增大和代谢活动增强有关[10]。气孔结构方面,三倍体茶树的气孔尺寸较大但密度较低,这可能影响其光合效率和水分利用效率,对栽培管理提出了新的要求[30]。多倍体植物的基因组多倍化通常伴随着显著的代谢物变化。植物在基因组多倍化后,其代谢和基因表达往往会发生显著变化,亲缘关系的作用对于准确分析代谢物差异尤为关键[31]。此外,多倍体植物的代谢差异分析中,母本与后代的比较是一种有效的方法,有助于深入了解多倍体植物的代谢调控机制[32]
三倍体茶树表现出更大的叶面积和更高的一芽二叶百芽重,这可能与其代谢活性增强有关。在三倍体中观察到的代谢物差异,特别是次生代谢物如类黄酮和酚酸的增加,可能是其更大的生物量和生物活性的分子基础。代谢组学分析显示,三倍体茶树相较于二倍体,显著增加了类黄酮类代谢物,减少了某些氨基酸衍生物(如N-羟基-L-色氨酸)。类黄酮的增加可增强抗氧化活性[33-34],有利于抗病虫害和应对环境压力。而N-羟基-L-色氨酸的减少可能对植物防御机制产生影响[35]。这些变化不仅提高了茶叶的抗氧化性能,也可能增强了其抗病虫害和环境适应能力。
三倍体生理和生化特征的变化,使三倍体茶树在特定环境或市场需求下更具优势。例如,增加的类黄酮含量可能提高茶叶品质,使其更适合于高附加值茶产品的生产。本研究结果进一步验证了倍性变化对茶树代谢物积累及其品质的显著影响。这种代谢优势为三倍体茶树提供了在茶叶品质改良中的潜力。
本研究通过系统分析165份茶树样本,成功鉴定出11份三倍体茶树,展示了流式细胞仪在茶树倍性分析中的高效应用。研究结果表明,三倍体茶树与二倍体茶树在多项农艺性状和生理特性上存在显著差异,尤其在物候期、一芽二叶百芽重、叶面积以及叶形等方面。此外,三倍体茶树的某些生理和生化特性,如更大的叶面积和更高的一芽二叶百芽重,均表明其具有更高的生物量积累能力,这可能与细胞体积的增大和代谢活动的增强有关。此外,通过对三倍体西莲1号及其母本福鼎大白茶的代谢组学分析,我们发现了1203个差异代谢物,进一步揭示了倍性变化对茶树代谢轮廓的影响,其中类黄酮和酚酸的增加可能为三倍体茶树提供了更强的抗逆性和更优的品质特性。
这些发现不仅为茶树的基因评估和倍性杂交育种提供了重要的科学依据,也对优化茶树品种的育种策略和提高茶叶经济价值具有重要意义。未来的研究可以进一步探索三倍体茶树的其他经济性状及其在不同环境条件下的表现,以更好地利用这些优势特性,促进茶叶产业的可持续发展。
  • 湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX68)
  • 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30384)
  • 国家现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.015
  • 接收时间:2024-10-12
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-12
  • 录用日期:2024-11-13
基金
湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2023CX68)
湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30384)
国家现代农业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19)
作者信息
    湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所/国家茶树改良中心湖南分中心/国家中小叶茶树种质资源圃(长沙),湖南长沙 410125

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* 刘振(LIU Zhen),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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