Article(id=1276531684338168670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729008000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1732032000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-20, onlineDate=1782278470358, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278470358, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278470358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278470358, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276531538535781212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='4', pageStart='777', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1745510400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278435595, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782278607615, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276532260098675209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276531538535781212, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=937, endPage=947, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276531684799542112, articleId=1276531684338168670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Impacts of Substituting Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer in Conjunction with Biochar on Soil Aggregate Stability and Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Tea Plantations, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers is a key path for achieving zero growth in chemical fertilizers in tea gardens. Biochar, a new agricultural soil amendment, has positive effects in optimizing the soil microecological environment. Further understanding the effects of organic fertilizer substitution and biochar application on the soil aggregate stability and organic carbon accumulation in tea gardens, also the synergistic effects, can provide scientific basis for reducing fertilizer application, increasing efficiency, and carbon sequestration and emission reduction in tea gardens. Wet screening method was used to treat seven different fertilizers, namely no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (NPK), fertilizer and biochar application (biochar dosage 10 t/hm2, NPK+BC10), 50% fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer (OM50), 50% fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer (OM50) combined with different amounts of biochar. The amount of biochar was 10 t/hm2 (OM50+BC10), 20 t/hm2 (OM50+BC20) and 40 t/hm2 (OM50+BC40) for physical grading of soil aggregates. The distribution, structure and stability and the change of organic carbon content in different treated tea plantations were studied. Under the treatment of OM50+BC10, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40, the organic carbon reserves of aggregates increased to different degrees compared with the conventional fertilization control treatment. In contrast to the NPK and CK treatments, the replacement of 50% chemical fertilizer with different doses of biochar could significantly improve the organic carbon content of soil>2 mm and 0.25-2.00 mm granular aggregates. The increase rate was ranged from 23.96%-70.87% and 21.87%-49.27%, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 had the most significant treatment effect. Geometric mean diameter (GWD) and mean mass diameter (MWD) in aggregate were in the order CK<NPK<NPK+BC10<OM50<OM50+BC10<OM50+BC20<OM50+BC40. The aggregate content and organic carbon content were the most significant in OM50+BC40 treatment. 50% organic fertilizer replacing 50% fertilizer, different amount of biomass carbon application could significantly increase tea garden soil aggregate, organic carbon content, promote tea garden soil aggregate stability and structure level. Organic fertilizer and biomass carbon is more conducive to improving the stability of soil aggregate and promoting the sequestration of organic carbon. OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 treatment showed significant results in improving the stability of soil organic carbon and soil aggregates in tea plantations. Without considering the cost effect, OM50+BC40 is a suitable fertilization scheme; otherwise, OM50+BC20 can be selected.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shasha WANG, Junling CHEN, Xiaojie ZHANG, Yanchun LI, Hua CHEN, Yixiang WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yixiang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276531688146596720, articleId=1276531684338168670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=有机肥替代化肥与生物炭配施对茶园土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

有机肥部分替代化肥是茶园“化肥零增长”的关键路径之一,而生物炭作为新型的农田土壤改良剂,在优化土壤微生态环境方面也展现出积极的效用。进一步认识有机肥替代化肥与生物炭配施对茶园土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响及其协同效应,可为茶园化肥减施增效与固碳减排提供科学依据。采用湿筛法将7种不同施肥处理,即不施肥(CK),常规施肥(NPK),化肥+10 t/hm2生物炭(NPK+BC10),50%化肥+50%有机肥(OM50),50%化肥+50%有机肥+10 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC10),50%化肥+50%有机肥+20 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC20),50%化肥+50%有机肥+40 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC40)进行土壤团聚体物理分级,研究不同处理茶园土壤团聚体分布、结构与稳定性及其结合有机碳含量的变化规律。结果表明:与NPK和CK相比,OM50+BC10、OM50+BC20、OM50+BC40这3种处理的茶园土壤中不同粒径团聚体有机碳贮量均有不同程度的提高。与NPK和CK处理相比,有机肥替代50%化肥配施不同剂量生物炭均能够显著提高土壤粒径>2.000 mm、0.250~2.000 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳含量,提高幅度分别为23.96%~70.87%、21.87%~49.27%,其中以OM50+BC20和OM50+BC40处理的效果最为显著;团聚体中的几何平均直径(GWD)和平均重量直径(MWD)均为:CK<NPK<NPK+BC10<OM50<OM50+BC10<OM50+BC20<OM50+BC40,且团聚体含量和有机碳含量均为OM50+BC40处理的提高效果最为显著。50%有机肥替代50%化肥、不同量生物质炭施用均能显著增加茶园土壤团聚体和有机碳含量,促进茶园土壤团聚体更具有稳定性和优良的结构水平,与单施有机肥相比,与生物质炭共同配施则更有利于提升土壤团聚体的稳定性并促进有机碳的固存。OM50+BC20与OM50+BC40处理对于提高茶园土壤有机碳和土壤团聚体的稳定性有显著效果。若不考虑成本效应,OM50+BC40处理为适宜施肥方案;反之,则可以选择OM50+BC20处理。

, authors=

王莎莎(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤碳循环。

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* 王义祥(WANG Yixiang),E-mail:
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王莎莎(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤碳循环。

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王莎莎(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤碳循环。

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Combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer to improve soil aggregate stability and crop yield in Lou soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(5): 782-791. 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Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2018, 262: 83-96., articleTitle=Effects of biochar amendment on net greenhouse gas emissions and soil fertility in a double rice cropping system: a 4-year field experiment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531714071588873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=1169, pageEnd=1179, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=84, authorNames=ZIMERMAN A R, GAO B, AHN M Y, journalName=Soil Biology and Biochemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZIMERMAN A R, GAO B, AHN M Y. Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 43(6): 1169-1179., articleTitle=Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531714159669258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=85, authorNames=张晓杰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张晓杰. 生物炭添加对稻田土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳组分的影响[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2023., articleTitle=生物炭添加对稻田土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳组分的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531714256138251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=86, authorNames=ZHANG X J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG X J. Effects of biochar addition on the stability of aggregates and organic carbon components in paddy soil[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2023. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of biochar addition on the stability of aggregates and organic carbon components in paddy soil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531714323247116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=87, authorNames=王攀宇, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王攀宇. 炭基有机肥对土壤团聚体有机碳分布及烤烟产质量的影响[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2023., articleTitle=炭基有机肥对土壤团聚体有机碳分布及烤烟产质量的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276531714428104717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=88, authorNames=WANG P Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG P Y. Effect of charcoal-based organic fertilizer on carbon distribution in soil aggregates and quality of roasted tobacco production[D]. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2023. 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Effects of different modifiers on aggregates and organic carbon in acidic purple soil[J]. Environmental Science, 2024, 45(2): 974-982. 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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=45m0xPpwhzASZWGjYSplZg==, figureFileBig=8agR3zgHkrSvi+70wQokNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276531700800811943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Distribution of soil aggregates of different particle sizes in tea gardens under different fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment土壤团聚体含量Soil aggregates content/%
>2.000 mm0.250~2.000 mm0.053~0.250 mm<0.053 mm
CK6.64±0.20c72.02±1.00b12.63±0.01a8.71±0.08b
NPK8.50±2.04bc75.04±0.01ab11.94±1.17a4.52±0.24c
NPK+BC1010.40±0.80b73.55±1.55ab9.86±0.10bc6.19±2.20ab
OM509.30±1.28bc75.39±0.30a9.28±1.31ab6.03±0.62bc
OM50+BC1010.37±1.34b74.43±0.96a9.20±0.64bc6.00±0.15bc
OM50+BC2011.61±3.40a73.85±5.83ab7.38±0.18c7.16±1.21a
OM50+BC4011.49±4.46a75.21±2.53ab7.53±0.32b5.77±0.01bc
), ArticleFig(id=1276531700872115112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同施肥处理茶园土壤各粒级团聚体分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment土壤团聚体含量Soil aggregates content/%
>2.000 mm0.250~2.000 mm0.053~0.250 mm<0.053 mm
CK6.64±0.20c72.02±1.00b12.63±0.01a8.71±0.08b
NPK8.50±2.04bc75.04±0.01ab11.94±1.17a4.52±0.24c
NPK+BC1010.40±0.80b73.55±1.55ab9.86±0.10bc6.19±2.20ab
OM509.30±1.28bc75.39±0.30a9.28±1.31ab6.03±0.62bc
OM50+BC1010.37±1.34b74.43±0.96a9.20±0.64bc6.00±0.15bc
OM50+BC2011.61±3.40a73.85±5.83ab7.38±0.18c7.16±1.21a
OM50+BC4011.49±4.46a75.21±2.53ab7.53±0.32b5.77±0.01bc
), ArticleFig(id=1276531701052470185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Indicators of soil aggregate stability under various treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment平均重量直径MWD/mm几何平均直径GMD/mm>0.25 mm团聚体含量R0.25/%
CK0.94±0.02bc0.67±0.00c78.66±0.01c
>NPK0.92±0.04c0.68±0.03bc83.54±0.00bc
NPK+BC100.96±0.07bc0.73±0.08bc83.95±0.40bc
OM501.00±0.04b0.78±0.04b84.69±0.15b
OM50+BC101.02±0.02ab0.80±0.02ab84.80±0.07ab
OM50+BC201.07±0.10ab0.85±0.07a85.46±0.10a
OM50+BC401.22±0.00a0.87±0.00a86.70±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1276531701123773354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

土壤不同处理团聚体稳定性指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment平均重量直径MWD/mm几何平均直径GMD/mm>0.25 mm团聚体含量R0.25/%
CK0.94±0.02bc0.67±0.00c78.66±0.01c
>NPK0.92±0.04c0.68±0.03bc83.54±0.00bc
NPK+BC100.96±0.07bc0.73±0.08bc83.95±0.40bc
OM501.00±0.04b0.78±0.04b84.69±0.15b
OM50+BC101.02±0.02ab0.80±0.02ab84.80±0.07ab
OM50+BC201.07±0.10ab0.85±0.07a85.46±0.10a
OM50+BC401.22±0.00a0.87±0.00a86.70±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1276531701211853739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Stepwise regression equation regarding stability of aggregates and particle size of aggregates

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index回归方程Regression equationR2
R0.25y=0.189x1+0.206x2–0.792x3–0.808x4+0.7960.999 58**
GWDy=0.584x1+0.084x2–1.322x3–2.189x4+0.9550.998 25**
MWDy=2x1+1.125x2+0.1515x3+0.053x4+2.9791.000 00**
), ArticleFig(id=1276531701287351212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

土壤团聚体稳定性与团聚体粒级的逐步回归方程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index回归方程Regression equationR2
R0.25y=0.189x1+0.206x2–0.792x3–0.808x4+0.7960.999 58**
GWDy=0.584x1+0.084x2–1.322x3–2.189x4+0.9550.998 25**
MWDy=2x1+1.125x2+0.1515x3+0.053x4+2.9791.000 00**
), ArticleFig(id=1276531701467706285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Organic carbon storage and contribution rate of aggregate fractions under different fertilization treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment>2.000 mm0.250~2.000 mm0.053~0.250 mm<0.053 mm
贮量Storage/(t·hm–2)贡献率Contribution rate/%贮量Storage/(t·hm–2)贡献率Contribution rate/%贮量Storage/(t·hm–2)贡献率Contribution rate/%贮量Storage/(t·hm–2)贡献率Contribution rate/%
CK83.37±11.53b10.7152.21±1.59c68.4849.59±2.16c11.2373.11±9.39bc8.36
NPK79.38±27.53b13.3749.00±4.67c69.9139.64±0.41c9.3150.70±1.78c7.34
NPK+BC1091.29±10.36ab15.4188.96±3.58bc68.0064.44±4.51c9.4379.84±1.79bc8.02
OM5078.43±12.45b13.0452.82±1.53c72.1051.09±3.70c8.4756.26±0.19c5.76
OM50+BC10197.18±0.24ab16.45148.60±4.03ab68.90159.83±0.00a7.87254.61±2.00a7.02
OM50+BC20180.68±6.28ab18.81121.90±7.79b67.60110.62±0.08b7.32162.58±1.22b6.27
OM50+BC40216.93±4.32a20.73221.97±4.47a68.64105.52±6.25ab5.21193.06±4.32ab5.54
), ArticleFig(id=1276531701564175278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276531684338168670, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同施肥处理的各粒级团聚体有机碳贮量和有机碳贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment>2.000 mm0.250~2.000 mm0.053~0.250 mm<0.053 mm
贮量Storage/(t·hm–2)贡献率Contribution rate/%贮量Storage/(t·hm–2)贡献率Contribution rate/%贮量Storage/(t·hm–2)贡献率Contribution rate/%贮量Storage/(t·hm–2)贡献率Contribution rate/%
CK83.37±11.53b10.7152.21±1.59c68.4849.59±2.16c11.2373.11±9.39bc8.36
NPK79.38±27.53b13.3749.00±4.67c69.9139.64±0.41c9.3150.70±1.78c7.34
NPK+BC1091.29±10.36ab15.4188.96±3.58bc68.0064.44±4.51c9.4379.84±1.79bc8.02
OM5078.43±12.45b13.0452.82±1.53c72.1051.09±3.70c8.4756.26±0.19c5.76
OM50+BC10197.18±0.24ab16.45148.60±4.03ab68.90159.83±0.00a7.87254.61±2.00a7.02
OM50+BC20180.68±6.28ab18.81121.90±7.79b67.60110.62±0.08b7.32162.58±1.22b6.27
OM50+BC40216.93±4.32a20.73221.97±4.47a68.64105.52±6.25ab5.21193.06±4.32ab5.54
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有机肥替代化肥与生物炭配施对茶园土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响
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王莎莎 1 , 陈俊玲 1 , 张晓杰 1 , 李艳春 2 , 陈华 2 , 王义祥 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(4): 937-947
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (4) : 937 -947
有机肥替代化肥与生物炭配施对茶园土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响
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王莎莎1, 陈俊玲1, 张晓杰1, 李艳春2, 陈华2, 王义祥2, *
作者信息
  • 1.福建农林大学,福建福州 350002
  • 2.福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所/福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福建福州 350003
通讯作者:
* 王义祥(WANG Yixiang),E-mail:
Impacts of Substituting Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer in Conjunction with Biochar on Soil Aggregate Stability and Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Tea Plantations
Shasha WANG1, Junling CHEN1, Xiaojie ZHANG1, Yanchun LI2, Hua CHEN2, Yixiang WANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
  • 2.Institute of Resources, Environment and Soil Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Red Soil Mountains, Fuzhou, Fujian 350003, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.016
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有机肥部分替代化肥是茶园“化肥零增长”的关键路径之一,而生物炭作为新型的农田土壤改良剂,在优化土壤微生态环境方面也展现出积极的效用。进一步认识有机肥替代化肥与生物炭配施对茶园土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响及其协同效应,可为茶园化肥减施增效与固碳减排提供科学依据。采用湿筛法将7种不同施肥处理,即不施肥(CK),常规施肥(NPK),化肥+10 t/hm2生物炭(NPK+BC10),50%化肥+50%有机肥(OM50),50%化肥+50%有机肥+10 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC10),50%化肥+50%有机肥+20 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC20),50%化肥+50%有机肥+40 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC40)进行土壤团聚体物理分级,研究不同处理茶园土壤团聚体分布、结构与稳定性及其结合有机碳含量的变化规律。结果表明:与NPK和CK相比,OM50+BC10、OM50+BC20、OM50+BC40这3种处理的茶园土壤中不同粒径团聚体有机碳贮量均有不同程度的提高。与NPK和CK处理相比,有机肥替代50%化肥配施不同剂量生物炭均能够显著提高土壤粒径>2.000 mm、0.250~2.000 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳含量,提高幅度分别为23.96%~70.87%、21.87%~49.27%,其中以OM50+BC20和OM50+BC40处理的效果最为显著;团聚体中的几何平均直径(GWD)和平均重量直径(MWD)均为:CK<NPK<NPK+BC10<OM50<OM50+BC10<OM50+BC20<OM50+BC40,且团聚体含量和有机碳含量均为OM50+BC40处理的提高效果最为显著。50%有机肥替代50%化肥、不同量生物质炭施用均能显著增加茶园土壤团聚体和有机碳含量,促进茶园土壤团聚体更具有稳定性和优良的结构水平,与单施有机肥相比,与生物质炭共同配施则更有利于提升土壤团聚体的稳定性并促进有机碳的固存。OM50+BC20与OM50+BC40处理对于提高茶园土壤有机碳和土壤团聚体的稳定性有显著效果。若不考虑成本效应,OM50+BC40处理为适宜施肥方案;反之,则可以选择OM50+BC20处理。

茶园  /  有机肥替代  /  生物炭  /  水稳性团聚体  /  土壤有机碳  /  土壤碳储量

Partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers is a key path for achieving zero growth in chemical fertilizers in tea gardens. Biochar, a new agricultural soil amendment, has positive effects in optimizing the soil microecological environment. Further understanding the effects of organic fertilizer substitution and biochar application on the soil aggregate stability and organic carbon accumulation in tea gardens, also the synergistic effects, can provide scientific basis for reducing fertilizer application, increasing efficiency, and carbon sequestration and emission reduction in tea gardens. Wet screening method was used to treat seven different fertilizers, namely no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (NPK), fertilizer and biochar application (biochar dosage 10 t/hm2, NPK+BC10), 50% fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer (OM50), 50% fertilizer+50% organic fertilizer (OM50) combined with different amounts of biochar. The amount of biochar was 10 t/hm2 (OM50+BC10), 20 t/hm2 (OM50+BC20) and 40 t/hm2 (OM50+BC40) for physical grading of soil aggregates. The distribution, structure and stability and the change of organic carbon content in different treated tea plantations were studied. Under the treatment of OM50+BC10, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40, the organic carbon reserves of aggregates increased to different degrees compared with the conventional fertilization control treatment. In contrast to the NPK and CK treatments, the replacement of 50% chemical fertilizer with different doses of biochar could significantly improve the organic carbon content of soil>2 mm and 0.25-2.00 mm granular aggregates. The increase rate was ranged from 23.96%-70.87% and 21.87%-49.27%, OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 had the most significant treatment effect. Geometric mean diameter (GWD) and mean mass diameter (MWD) in aggregate were in the order CK<NPK<NPK+BC10<OM50<OM50+BC10<OM50+BC20<OM50+BC40. The aggregate content and organic carbon content were the most significant in OM50+BC40 treatment. 50% organic fertilizer replacing 50% fertilizer, different amount of biomass carbon application could significantly increase tea garden soil aggregate, organic carbon content, promote tea garden soil aggregate stability and structure level. Organic fertilizer and biomass carbon is more conducive to improving the stability of soil aggregate and promoting the sequestration of organic carbon. OM50+BC20 and OM50+BC40 treatment showed significant results in improving the stability of soil organic carbon and soil aggregates in tea plantations. Without considering the cost effect, OM50+BC40 is a suitable fertilization scheme; otherwise, OM50+BC20 can be selected.

tea plantation  /  organic fertilizer substitution  /  biochar  /  water-stable aggregates  /  soil organic carbon  /  soil carbon stocks
王莎莎, 陈俊玲, 张晓杰, 李艳春, 陈华, 王义祥. 有机肥替代化肥与生物炭配施对茶园土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳积累的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (4) : 937 -947 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.016
Shasha WANG, Junling CHEN, Xiaojie ZHANG, Yanchun LI, Hua CHEN, Yixiang WANG. Impacts of Substituting Chemical Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer in Conjunction with Biochar on Soil Aggregate Stability and Accumulation of Organic Carbon in Tea Plantations[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (4) : 937 -947 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.016
茶树是我国经济领域中的关键作物,我国茶园面积与茶叶产量均在全球茶叶产业中占据领先地位[1]。近年来,鉴于茶农对茶叶高产的迫切需求,部分地区的茶园存在长期不施有机肥或者过量单一施用化肥的情况,导致茶园土壤养分失衡现象屡见不鲜[2],继而引发严重的环境污染,养分严重流失,土壤酸化加剧等一系列问题[3]。杨海滨等[4]通过研究明确指出,在茶园中适量配施有机肥可显著提升土壤的硝酸还原酶活性,进而促进茶园土壤的反硝化过程,有效减少硝态氮的淋溶损失。俞慎等[5]的研究表明,茶园土壤肥力和熟化程度的关键指标在于土壤有机质含量,而高品质茶叶的产出依赖于土壤中丰富的有机质。在茶园管理中,适度配施有机肥能够有效增强土壤肥力,促进茶叶产量的提升,并有助于缓解土壤酸化问题[6-8]。孙宇龙等[9]通过长期研究也验证了这一点,研究发现,采用25%有机肥替代化肥并结合生物质炭的施肥方式,能够显著改善土壤质量。还有多项为期3 a及以上的定位试验表明,茶园土壤质量、茶叶产量及其品质的提升,在有机肥替代比例为25%~50%时达到最优效果[6-8,10]。因此,在茶园土壤中选取化肥与有机肥配施的措施,对于改善土壤质量和充分提供作物的养分需求更有益。同时能够缓解当前茶园环境污染的紧迫形势,并且显著提升茶叶的产量与品质[11-13]
土壤团聚体是土壤结构的最基础单元[14]。不同粒径的团粒组合作用于表土层的土壤结构,全方位协调土壤水分的循环以及养分的分布[15],团聚体稳定与否也反映了土壤是否具有优良的适用于农业生产的土壤结构[16]。土壤有机碳作为团粒结构的一种胶结物质[17],可与土壤中的菌丝、碎散腐殖质等多种物质进行胶结,胶结而成的即为团粒结构,此结构在来自外部的力量挤压作用下使土壤具有稳定性。团聚体固相骨架所具备的高孔隙度特点,为微生物营造了更适宜的栖息环境[18]。土壤碳的固存和养分的保持等生态功能与土壤团聚体结构的调控紧密相关[19]。不同粒径的土壤团聚体在土壤生态系统中体现了多维度的调控作用。不仅能够有效地调节土壤养分的供应与平衡[20],还能显著改善土壤的结构与组成[21],同时对土壤的水力学性质及生物学特性产生影响[15]。此外,土壤团聚体与土壤有机碳之间存在动态关系:一方面,土壤团聚体能够包裹并物理保护土壤有机碳,防止其快速分解;另一方面,土壤有机碳能够增强土壤团聚体的结构水平并促进其稳定性,是团聚体的关键驱动力[22-24]。土壤团聚体稳定性是表征土壤有机碳是否长期稳定的一个关键指标,而团聚体结构特征则是衡量土壤有机碳贮存潜力的控制因素[25]。生物炭作为一种新型土壤调理剂能致力于改良土壤的物理结构,其功效体现在能够促进土壤团聚体的形成,更显著地提高土壤中的有机碳含量[26]。有机肥替代化肥以及生物炭的施用,均展现出增强土壤质量及提升茶叶产量的潜力,已有文献表明,生物炭与有机肥配施可以提高黄土高原、亚热带地区土壤团聚体的稳定性,提高土壤总有机碳水平[27-28],但对土壤团聚体结合有机碳的影响仍了解不多,尤其是在强酸性条件下土壤团聚体稳定性与结合有机碳间的作用关系还有待进一步研究。因此,本研究通过对福建铁观音茶园进行田间小区试验,研究有机肥替代50%化肥并配施不同比例生物质炭对铁观音茶园土壤团聚体稳定性及其结合有机碳间的关系,对科学优化有机肥替代比例、强化土壤团聚体的稳定性与土壤肥力,为实现茶园化肥减施增效提供措施和科学依据。
试验地位于福建省安溪县感德镇槐植村(116°20′24″E,28°15′30″N),属亚热带季风气候,年均降雨量为1800 mm,年均气温为16.5 ℃。土壤为红壤,其基础性质:pH 4.05,有机碳含量为14.0 g/kg,全氮含量为1.5 g/kg,全磷含量为0.74 g/kg,有效磷含量为26.5 mg/kg,速效钾含量为67.5 mg/kg[29]
供试茶园为15 a铁观音,等高梯台常规种植,试验于2018年8月开始。共设置7个处理:不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(NPK)、化肥+10 t/hm2生物炭(NPK+BC10)、50%化肥+50%有机肥(OM50)、50%化肥+50%有机肥+10 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC10)、50%化肥+50%有机肥+20 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC20)、50%化肥+50%有机肥+40 t/hm2生物炭(OM50+BC40)。所有处理按照每年等氮量(150 kg/hm2)进行施肥,每种处理3个重复,小区面积均为16 m2(16 m×1 m),共21个小区,随机排列[29]
于2023年5月春茶采收季后进行土壤样品采集。每个小区按“S”形采集5个0~20 cm土层样品,剔除杂物,其中团聚体样品置于铝盒中保持不受外力扰动;剩余样品装入自封袋带回实验室,自然条件下风干后过筛,用于土壤基本理化性质和有机碳分析。
湿筛法[30]是土壤团聚体分级的一种标准且常用的方法。该方法明确界定了土壤团聚体的4个级别:大团聚体(粒径大于2.000 mm,macro aggregates)、小团聚体(粒径介于0.250~2.000 mm之间,small aggregates)、微团聚体(粒径在0.053~0.250 mm范围内,micro aggregate)以及粉粘粒(粒径小于0.053 mm的细微土壤颗粒,powdery clay particles)。本研究采用湿筛法进行土壤分级。首先去除土壤样品中的杂质(石块、杂草和植物根系)并粗略过10 mm筛,然后称取100 g土壤样品,将其均匀平铺于孔径为2 mm的筛面上。在室温条件下加入去离子水将土壤样品浸润10 min后,在去离子水中以每分钟30次的频率进行振荡操作2~5 min,保持筛子在水桶中的上下振幅为3 cm。振荡结束后,冲洗不同粒级筛网上的水稳性团聚体至铝盒中,分离出4个级别不同粒径的组分。各组分样品置于55 ℃烘箱中烘干,从铝盒中取出称重(g)并研磨过100目筛(即0.149 mm)。计算不同粒级的团聚体含量,计算方法如下:
采用重铬酸钾-外加热法[31]测定土壤有机碳。
评估团聚体稳定性利用平均重量直径(MWD)与几何平均直径(GMD)这2项指标。评估粒径>0.25 mm的团聚体,则采用R0.25指标。团聚体稳定性按以下公式进行计算:
式中,为团聚体a粒级平均直径,wa为团聚体a粒级含量(团聚体所占的百分比),ma为团聚体a粒级质量,MI为团聚体的总质量,MI>0.25为粒级>0.25 mm团聚体所组成的质量,R0.25为粒径>0.25 mm团聚体占的总百分比含量。
土壤有机碳贮量的计算公式:
式中,SOCs为土层0~20 cm有机碳贮量(t/hm2);SOCa为第a层土壤有机碳含量(g/kg);ρb为第a层土壤容重(g/cm3);Ta为第a层土壤厚度(cm),0.1是转换单位系数。
采用MATLAB和Microsoft Excel软件对试验数据进行整理与分析。运用单因素方差分析法评估不同处理之间的差异显著性,利用Origin 2024软件作图,其中图表数据均为平均值±标准差。
不同施肥处理下土壤团聚体粒径在0.250~2.000 mm粒级的团聚体含量最高,占比为72.02%~75.39%;土壤团聚体粒径在0.053~0.250 mm粒级的含量次之,占比为7.38%~12.63%;土壤团聚体粒径<0.053 mm粒级的含量占比最小,仅占4.52%~8.71%(表1)。各粒级土壤团聚体含量随着施入生物炭比例的增加而增加,其中不同处理中大团聚体和小团聚体含量均显著增加;OM50+BC10、OM50+BC20、OM50+BC40处理的各粒级团聚体占比与其他处理有显著差异(P<0.05)。
表2可以看出,与CK和NPK处理相比,在茶园土壤采用有机肥替代50%化肥并增施生物炭均能显著提高团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和团聚体几何平均直径(GMD),特别是粒径>0.250 mm的团聚体,其R0.25值从78.66增至86.70,其中OM50+BC40处理的效果最为突出。通过逐步回归方程分析团聚体稳定性与团聚体粒级之间的关系,结果表明,影响团聚体稳定性的主要粒级为>0.250mm团聚体(表3)。且R0.25与粒径>2.000 mm和粒径为0.250~2.000 mm的团聚体呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与粒径为0.053~0.250 mm以及粒径<0.053 mm的团聚体呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。微团聚体和粉粘粒级团聚体对稳定性的影响程度大于小团聚体和大团聚体。团聚体GMD与粒径>2.000 mm和粒径为0.250~2.000 mm的团聚体呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),但与粒径为0.053~0.250 mm以及粒径<0.053 mm的团聚体呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。在所有粒级中,粒径为0.250~2.000 mm的团聚体对GMD的提升效果最为显著,而粒径<0.053 mm的团聚体对GMD的降低效果最为明显。MWD与不同处理以及不同粒级团聚体之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。
图1A可知,CK与NPK(常规施肥)处理间的土壤总有机碳含量差异不显著;与NPK处理相比,有机肥替代50%化肥配施不同量生物炭均显著提高了土壤总有机碳含量,OM50+BC10处理的土壤总有机碳含量显著增加22.89%,OM50+BC20处理显著增加29.10%,OM50+BC40处理显著增加37.25%,其中以OM50+BC40处理的提升效果最好。
不同施肥处理均能不同程度地提高各粒级土壤团聚体的有机碳含量(图1B)。与CK和NPK处理相比,有机肥替代50%化肥配施不同剂量生物炭均能够显著提高土壤粒径>2.000 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳含量,提高幅度为23.96%~70.87%,其中以OM50+BC40处理效果最为显著,可能是因为施用生物炭能够增加土壤有机碳含量,同时有机碳可以粘合土壤颗粒形成较大团聚体,团聚体的形成也可以保护有机碳免受分解。与CK和NPK处理相比,有机肥替代50%化肥配施生物炭亦能够显著提高土壤0.250~2.000 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳含量,提高幅度为21.87%~49.27%,其中以OM5+BC40处理的提高效果最为显著。与CK和NPK处理相比,有机肥替代50%化肥配施生物炭对0.053~0.250 mm粒级团聚体和粒径<0.053 mm粒级粉粘粒的有机碳含量也有显著提升,其中以OM50+BC10、OM50+BC20和OM50+BC40处理效果最为显著。
CK与NPK处理在粒径>2.000 mm团聚体中的有机碳贮量最高,在粒径<0.053 mm团聚体的有机碳贮量次之;与CK相比,OM50+BC10、OM50+BC20、OM50+BC40处理显著提高粒径>2.000 mm和0.250~2.000 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳贮量,且大团聚体的有机碳贮量明显高于小团聚体;同一粒级团聚体有机碳贮量随着有机肥替代化肥及生物炭用量的增加呈增长趋势(表4)。表明有机肥替代化肥配施生物炭可以显著增加茶园土壤水稳性大团聚体的有机碳贮量。
在所有处理中,粒径为0.250~2.000 mm的团聚体对有机碳的贡献率最高,为67.60%~72.10%;粒径>2.000 mm的团聚体有机碳贡献率位居第二,为10.71%~20.73%;粒径<0.053 mm的团聚体有机碳贡献率最低,仅为5.54%~8.36%。且粒径为0.053~0.250 mm的粒级团聚体有机碳贡献率高于粒径<0.053 mm的团聚体。与NPK处理相比,有机肥替代50%化肥并配施不同剂量的生物炭显著提升粒径>2 mm团聚体的有机碳贡献率,增幅为23.05%~55.04%,同时降低粒径为0.053~0.250 mm和粒径<0.053 mm团聚体的有机碳贡献率,降幅分别为15.42%~43.98%和4.41%~24.48%。与仅使用有机肥替代50%化肥(OM50)的处理相比,施加不同剂量生物炭显著提高粒径>2.000 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳的贡献率,同时显著降低了粒径<0.053 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳的贡献率。OM50+BC40处理的提升效果最为显著,粒径>2.000 mm的团聚体有机碳贡献率提高了59.02%,而粒径为0.053~0.250 mm和粒径<0.053 mm的团聚体有机碳贡献率分别降低了38.42%和3.91%(表4)。
土壤结构是调控众多土壤物理与生物过程、调节土壤有机碳分解的核心属性之一[32]。作为土壤结构的基本组成单元的土壤团聚体,其分布特征及其稳定性能够精准地反映在不同管理策略下土壤质量的动态演变过程,是评估这些管理手段对土壤自然属性及农业土壤生产能力提升效果的关键量化指标之一[33-34]。土壤团聚体的结构及其组成成分和土壤有机碳含量之间存在紧密的相关性[35-36]。本研究中有机肥能提升土壤肥力与团聚体稳定性的结果与以往研究结果相似。张平良等[37]研究发现,长期施用有机肥可显著提高西北黄绵土耕层中粒径>0.25 mm的团聚体含量和稳定性,且显著提升土壤和团聚体的有机碳贮量。李婕等[38]则研究表明施用有机肥和秸秆还田等方式均可显著增加作物产量、输入土壤有机物和土壤有机碳含量,且在0~10 cm土层中粒径>2 mm粒级土壤团聚体含量的比例显著增加。刘京等[39]也研究证实土壤较大团聚体的形成在实施秸秆和化肥配施后效果更佳。霍琳等[40]研究表明,增施有机肥和秸秆还田处理下的水稳性大团聚体含量均显著提升。SIX等[24]研究指出,施用有机肥后的有机残体在促进土壤水稳性大团聚体形成方面的效果优于秸秆还田。本研究结果表明,采用有机肥替代化肥显著增加茶园土壤中粒径>2.000 mm及0.250~2.000 mm的粒级团聚体含量,有利于提高团聚体结构水平和稳定性,其主要原因可能是有机肥可以增加有机碳源,改善土壤的物理结构,有利于大团聚体的形成。R0.25、几何平均直径(GMD)和平均重量直径(MWD)是衡量土壤团聚体粒级分布情况的评价指标,R0.25的增加往往伴随着GMD和MWD的提高,进而表明土壤中团聚体的稳定性增强。本研究中,随着配施生物质炭剂量的提高,R0.25、GMD及MWD均呈显著增长的趋势,生物炭施用于茶园土壤后,粒径为0.250~2.000 mm的团聚体占据主导地位[41],这可能与生物质炭的特性有关,其高比表面积和仅有的孔隙结构等能吸附并稳定土壤中的有机物质,促使土壤颗粒结合成有机无机复合的大团聚体[42]。这一发现与王亚琼等[43]的研究结果相契合,进一步证实了生物炭在促进土壤中较大团聚体(粒径>0.250 mm)形成方面的积极作用。此外,生物质炭本身所含有的可溶性有机碳作为外源输入也能够显著提升土壤的有机碳含量,进而推动微团聚体进一步转化为大团聚体[44]。然而,并不是所有研究均认为施用生物炭对土壤团聚体的稳定性产生正面积极效应。如,BUSSCHER等[45]在土壤中分别添加5、10、20 g/kg生物炭硅质70 d后,土壤团聚体的稳定性无显著影响;ZHANG等[46]的一项为期1.5 a的研究指出,按16 t/hm2生物质炭施用可显著提高中国黄土高原土壤中的大团聚体(粒径>2.000 mm)含量,而8 t/hm2生物质炭处理则未见显著效果。产生此类差异可能与土壤特性、生物质炭施用时长和施用量等有关。
本研究结果表明,与单施有机肥(OM50)和单施生物炭(NPK+BC10)相比,有机肥与生物炭配施均不同程度地提高了R0.25、GMD和MWD,表明有机肥与生物炭配施后对土壤团聚体的稳定性更能起积极的正向作用[47]。李伟等[48]在小麦-玉米农田的研究中发现,生物质炭配施氮肥使土壤团聚体稳定性、水稳性大团聚体含量显著增加,且两季作物总产量也显著增加。邓伟明等[49]基于大豆盆栽试验发现,与不施生物炭相比,生物炭与磷肥配施促进了更大粒径团聚体的形成,在不同磷水平下添加生物炭均显著增加粒径>2.000 mm粒级团聚体比例,而降低粒径为0.250~2.000 mm粒级团聚体比例。本研究也发现,有机肥与生物炭的协同配施对土壤结构和保肥性能产生了积极的协同效应。这种效应体现在它们共同推动了粉粘粒土壤矿物向有机无机复合体的转变,进而显著提高了土壤中粒径>0.250 mm粒级团聚体的稳定性。生物炭较稳定不易分解,大量孔隙吸附秸秆分解产生的养分物质,提供团聚体形成过程中必需胶结物质的物质基础,从而促进大粒级团聚体的形成。此外,生物炭与有机肥配施为土壤中细菌和真菌提供营养物质,使细菌和真菌生长速率显著提高,从而使植物根系分泌物增加,土壤中有机胶结物质含量也增加,最终促进形成大粒级的团聚体。
土壤有机碳是土壤质量评估中的关键指标[50],同时也是促进团聚体稳定性增强的关键有机结合剂[51]。本研究结果表明,有机肥替代化肥和施用生物炭均能增加茶园土壤有机碳含量,且不同施用量的生物炭均能显著提升茶园土壤中的有机碳水平,且该提升效果与生物炭的添加量呈正相关,这一发现与前人研究结果相吻合,即有机肥替代化肥施用和生物炭的添加均能显著增加土壤碳含量[52]。这可能是因为一方面生物炭本身作为碳源能够增加土壤中的有机碳含量;另一方面,生物炭本身具有稳定的芳香结构,施入土壤后难以被微生物分解,而且生物炭的高比表面积和丰富的孔隙结构能吸附土壤中的有机碳,能有效固定土壤中的有机碳,形成物理性保护屏障,进而抑制有机碳的分解,成为土壤碳库中不可或缺的关键组成部分[53]。本研究中,与单施化肥相比,施用有机肥能更好地提高土壤有机碳含量,即施用有机肥能显著提升粒径<0.053 mm团聚体有机碳含量。本研究还发现,随着生物炭配施量的增加,茶园土壤中粒径>0.250 mm的团聚体有机碳含量与储量稳定维持在63.70%~70.60%的高位水平,表明有机碳集中在粒径为0.250~2.000 mm的团聚体内分布。张晓杰[54]研究也发现添加2种不同类型生物炭均显著增加土壤有机碳(SOC)和水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量,且颗粒有机碳(POC)含量在粒径>0.250 mm的大团聚体中较高,SOC和WSOC含量在粒径>0.250 mm大团聚体和粒径为0.053~0.250 mm微团聚体中更高,且随着培养时间的延长显著增加。这些均说明生物炭的施用对提高土壤粒径>0.250 mm的团聚体的有机碳含量呈积极正向作用。
有机肥替代化肥配施生物炭作为能够提高土壤有机碳含量、改善土壤优良结构和提升土壤肥力水平的农业措施,应进行大力推广和应用。本研究表明,有机肥替代50%化肥配施生物质炭后,茶园土壤的有机碳含量显著增加,这增强了土壤颗粒中有机和无机复合体的胶结作用,进而促进了更多粒径>0.250 mm粒级团聚体的形成,提升了土壤团聚体的结构及其稳定性。即大团聚体相较于微团聚体而言,能够储存更为丰富的碳、氮元素及颗粒状有机质和不稳定有机质,进而促进土壤的固碳能力[55]。李越等[56]也研究表明,在有机肥配施生物炭处理下各粒级团聚体的有机碳含量显著增加,与仅施化肥相比,有机肥配施生物炭对提升土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳的效果更佳。本研究也发现,与单施有机肥或仅施生物质炭处理相比,50%有机肥+50%化肥配施不同量生物质炭使茶园土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳含量显著增加,且在粒径>0.250 mm的粒级大团聚体有机碳贡献率均有不同程度地提高。与微团聚体和粉粘粒组分相比,宏观团聚体能储存更多的C、N、颗粒有机物和不稳定有机物,更有利于提高土壤碳固存。表明与单施化肥或有机肥、生物炭相比,有机肥替代化肥并配施生物炭是土壤固碳的有效方式。
与常规化肥处理相比,有机肥配施生物炭均能显著改善茶园土壤团聚体结构和提高其稳定性。茶园土壤团聚体的分布以粒径为0.250~2.000 mm为主,占67.12%~76.39%。有机肥配施生物炭后,茶园土壤团聚体进一步向粒径为0.250~2.000 mm聚集,土壤团聚体的MWD、GMD、R0.25以OM50+BC40处理的最高。与常规化肥处理相比,有机肥与生物炭配施显著提高了粒径>2.000 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳贡献率(23.05%~55.04%),降低粒径为0.053~0.250 mm和粒径<0.053 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳贡献率。而与单施有机肥或单施生物炭处理相比,有机肥与生物炭配施处理后茶园土壤各粒级团聚体有机碳含量显著增加,土壤团聚体的R0.25、GMD、MWD以及粒径>0.250 mm粒级团聚体的有机碳贡献率均不同程度地提高,有机肥与生物炭配施更有利于增加土壤团聚体稳定性和有机碳的固存,其中以OM50+BC20与OM50+BC40处理的应用效果较佳。
  • 中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023L3026)
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2025年第46卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.04.016
  • 接收时间:2024-10-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-16
  • 录用日期:2024-11-20
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中央引导地方科技发展专项(2023L3026)
南平市科技计划项目(N2023A001)
福建省农科院协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021010)
作者信息
    1.福建农林大学,福建福州 350002
    2.福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所/福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福建福州 350003

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* 王义祥(WANG Yixiang),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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