Article(id=1276530247579336826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1742227200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-18, onlineDate=1782278127808, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278127808, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278127808, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278127808, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276530095770693736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='1533', pageEnd='1784', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278091614, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299002258, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617801443971243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617801448165548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1692, endPage=1701, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276530247839383676, articleId=1276530247579336826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Foliar Zinc Application on Photosynthesis and Volatile Components of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb., columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The application of exogenous trace elements can help improve the yield and quality of certain economic crops. However, the effects of exogenous zinc on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and volatile compounds in Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (Pandan) remain unclear. Therefore, this study established a field control experiment on Pandan leaves with different zinc spray treatments, 0 kg/hm2 (CK), 3.2 kg/hm2 (Zn1), 4.0 kg/hm2 (Zn2), and 4.8 kg/hm2 (Zn3). The aim was to monitor the temporal and spatial dynamics of the photosynthetic rate and volatile compounds content following zinc fertilization. The results indicated that Zn2 treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content, promoted the leaf growth and development, and resulted in the highest leaf count at all stages post-treatment. However, prolonged high-concentration zinc fertilization could inhibit leaf expansion and plant height. The photosynthetic physiology, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate increased with zinc concentration. Around 30 days post-treatment, Zn3 treatment performed the best, followed by Zn2 treatment. Zinc fertilization increased the content of volatile compounds. Zn2 and Zn3 treatments were notably effective in promoting the synthesis of several volatile compounds, such as 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-hexadecanol, and ethyl palmitate. Under Zn2 treatment, the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-hexadecanol increased by 203% and 80.89%, respectively, compared with CK. Zn1 treatment significantly increased 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content at 20 days post-application, while Zn3 treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of squalene, neophytadiene, and phytol. Correlation analysis showed that the main volatile compounds in Pandan interacted with agronomic traits and photosynthetic physiological indicators. The increase in photosynthetic rate and leaf count promoted the synthesis of squalene and neophytadiene, whereas elevated intercellular CO2 concentration might inhibit the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and squalene. This study demonstrates that appropriate zinc fertilization can effectively enhance photosynthesis, increase chlorophyll content, promote leaf growth, and boost the content of volatile compounds and characteristic volatile compounds in Pandan. The findings would provide a theoretical basis for optimizing high-efficiency cultivation techniques for Pandan and promoting the sustainable development of Pandan-related industries.

, authors=null, authorsList=Lu YAN, Ang ZHANG, Huan YU, Xiaowei QIN, Wenming DENG, Xunzhi JI, Shuzhen HE, Ziwei NING, Nan LU, Ling XU, Zhuo FENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huan YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276530250720870536, articleId=1276530247579336826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=叶面施锌对斑兰叶光合作用及挥发性成分的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

施用外源微量元素有助于提高部分经济作物的产量与品质,然而关于外源锌对斑兰叶光合作用及挥发性成分种类和含量的影响目前尚不可知。因此,本研究在田间设置不同锌肥喷施处理:0 kg/hm2(CK)、3.2 kg/hm2(Zn1)、4.0 kg/hm2(Zn2)和4.8 kg/hm2(Zn3),监测喷施锌肥后斑兰叶光合生理指标以及挥发性成分含量的时空动态变化。结果表明:Zn2处理能显著提高叶绿素含量,促进叶片生长和发育,叶片数量在处理后的各个阶段均达到最大值,但长期高浓度锌肥处理可能对叶片扩展和植株高度产生抑制作用。斑兰叶光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均随锌肥浓度的增加而上升,并且在处理后约30 d,Zn3处理表现最佳,Zn2处理次之。Zn2和Zn3处理在促进多种香气成分如2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉(2AP)、2-十六醇、棕榈酸乙酯等的积累上效果显著,其中Zn2处理的2AP、2-十六醇的含量与CK相比分别增加203%和80.89%。Zn1处理在喷施后20 d时2AP含量显著提高,而Zn3处理则对角鲨烯、新植二烯和叶绿醇的合成有显著促进作用。斑兰叶主要挥发性成分可能受到其农艺性状及光合生理指标的调控作用影响,其中光合速率的提升和叶片数量的增加可能对角鲨烯和新植二烯的合成具有促进作用,而胞间CO2浓度的升高则可能抑制2AP和角鲨烯的累积。总之,适量锌肥处理(4.0 kg/hm2)能有效促进斑兰叶的光合作用,提高叶绿素含量,促进叶片生长,增加挥发性物质及特征香气成分的含量,为优化斑兰叶高质效栽培技术提供理论依据。

, authors=

闫露(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:高效栽培机理。

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* 鱼欢(YU Huan),E-mail:
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2.College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276530251526176922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, authorId=1276530251379376277, language=CN, stringName=闫露, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
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闫露(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:高效栽培机理。

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闫露(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:高效栽培机理。

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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05);ns表示差异不显著。

, figureFileSmall=NAXEKPnVBVCUOl2IVNyGFw==, figureFileBig=f4YmxMTGpo9ewzS9E6F2Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530264562073823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Comparison of agronomic traits of Pandan under different zinc fertilizer application rates, figureFileSmall=mqRpTfyE9pIIzBKpi9CsRw==, figureFileBig=hAi6skPA0y6a3mIrk+HJLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530264650154208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同锌肥处理斑兰叶农艺性状比较

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=mqRpTfyE9pIIzBKpi9CsRw==, figureFileBig=hAi6skPA0y6a3mIrk+HJLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530264713068769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comparison of quantity (A) and content (B) of volatile compounds after treatment with different zinc fertilizer application rates, figureFileSmall=PPsQyH+sLFB8LRja1siD/Q==, figureFileBig=PJmU6Ljt8jAZi17aq8c4cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530264805343458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同锌肥处理挥发性物质的数量(A)和含量比较(B), figureFileSmall=PPsQyH+sLFB8LRja1siD/Q==, figureFileBig=PJmU6Ljt8jAZi17aq8c4cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530264880840931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Comparison of content of characteristic aroma compounds under different zinc fertilizer application rates, figureFileSmall=xIy3PlO2xhk8HkP0t8R4Mg==, figureFileBig=z+H4DabMflpE2Pe3/u4X9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530264939561188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同锌肥处理斑兰叶特征香气物质含量比较

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=xIy3PlO2xhk8HkP0t8R4Mg==, figureFileBig=z+H4DabMflpE2Pe3/u4X9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530264998281445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Correlation analysis between agronomic traits, photosynthetic physiological indices and characteristic volatile compounds, figureFileSmall=2u06R6cVs4D3wBCsEvw0lA==, figureFileBig=yEo52G1gTy+AnOk5OqVi7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530265073778918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=CN, label=图5, caption=农艺性状、光合生理指标与特征挥发性物质的相关性分析

红色表示正相关,蓝色表示负相关,数字代表相关系数;*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=2u06R6cVs4D3wBCsEvw0lA==, figureFileBig=yEo52G1gTy+AnOk5OqVi7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530265174442215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Volatile compounds and contents of Pandan under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别Category化合物名称Compound name含量Content/(µg·g-1)
CKZn1Zn2Zn3
吡咯类2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉50.75±6.53c86.01±11.26b153.8±2.35a62.73±9.71bc
醇类2-十六醇5.44±0.78b7.06±3.26ab9.84±2.97a6.96±2.28ab
丙醇3.02±0.03a3.37±0.26a3.00±0.25a3.33±0.41a
丙酮醇11.10±0.62b11.83±3.04b10.04±5.75b18.33±2.41a
叶绿醇172.87±8.75a147.47±0.79a170.17±5.21a174.85±7.35a
酚类2,4-二叔丁基苯酚13.07±5.27a15.61±7.31a17.11±6.95a15.40±7.08a
呋喃类2,3-二氢苯并呋喃33.25±1.32c41.72±1.15b82.11±3.42a83.94±1.49a
糖醇8.20±0.09b5.42±0.26c9.94±0.73b12.84±0.62a
糖醛8.09±0.31bc6.41±0.25c10.49±0.74ab11.58±0.96a
呋喃酮类3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮69.56±3.79b74.84±3.47b113.71±5.39a104.9±2.51a
烃类角鲨烯237.79±4.07b271.89±7.12b318.67±17.66a318.52±1.66a
新植二烯95.09±1.48b91.96±4.62b120.26±3.43a116.56±2.81a
酮类2-甲基环己酮6.61±2.367.93±2.64
3-羟基-2-丁酮11.75±1.02b15.75±1.93b16.23±0.92a18.08±0.45a
5,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮8.22±2.74
乙酰氧基丙酮1.82±0.61
酯类L-乳酸乙酯(-)43.75±2.71b55.85±3.4a60.72±4.77a60.25±4.06a
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯11.4±1.08a11.31±1.28a11.99±0.58a13.21±0.75a
亚油酸乙酯12.44±0.90b13.66±1.54ab13.98±0.41ab14.46±0.33a
棕榈酸乙酯11.01±0.22b15.34±0.87a15.49±1.92a15.39±0.90a
亚麻酸乙酯21.66±3.82c22.5±7.54bc25.27±0.78b34.34±6.16a
), ArticleFig(id=1276530265245745384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530247579336826, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同锌肥处理斑兰叶叶片挥发性物质及含量比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别Category化合物名称Compound name含量Content/(µg·g-1)
CKZn1Zn2Zn3
吡咯类2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉50.75±6.53c86.01±11.26b153.8±2.35a62.73±9.71bc
醇类2-十六醇5.44±0.78b7.06±3.26ab9.84±2.97a6.96±2.28ab
丙醇3.02±0.03a3.37±0.26a3.00±0.25a3.33±0.41a
丙酮醇11.10±0.62b11.83±3.04b10.04±5.75b18.33±2.41a
叶绿醇172.87±8.75a147.47±0.79a170.17±5.21a174.85±7.35a
酚类2,4-二叔丁基苯酚13.07±5.27a15.61±7.31a17.11±6.95a15.40±7.08a
呋喃类2,3-二氢苯并呋喃33.25±1.32c41.72±1.15b82.11±3.42a83.94±1.49a
糖醇8.20±0.09b5.42±0.26c9.94±0.73b12.84±0.62a
糖醛8.09±0.31bc6.41±0.25c10.49±0.74ab11.58±0.96a
呋喃酮类3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮69.56±3.79b74.84±3.47b113.71±5.39a104.9±2.51a
烃类角鲨烯237.79±4.07b271.89±7.12b318.67±17.66a318.52±1.66a
新植二烯95.09±1.48b91.96±4.62b120.26±3.43a116.56±2.81a
酮类2-甲基环己酮6.61±2.367.93±2.64
3-羟基-2-丁酮11.75±1.02b15.75±1.93b16.23±0.92a18.08±0.45a
5,6-二氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮8.22±2.74
乙酰氧基丙酮1.82±0.61
酯类L-乳酸乙酯(-)43.75±2.71b55.85±3.4a60.72±4.77a60.25±4.06a
邻苯二甲酸二甲酯11.4±1.08a11.31±1.28a11.99±0.58a13.21±0.75a
亚油酸乙酯12.44±0.90b13.66±1.54ab13.98±0.41ab14.46±0.33a
棕榈酸乙酯11.01±0.22b15.34±0.87a15.49±1.92a15.39±0.90a
亚麻酸乙酯21.66±3.82c22.5±7.54bc25.27±0.78b34.34±6.16a
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叶面施锌对斑兰叶光合作用及挥发性成分的影响
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闫露 1, 2 , 张昂 1 , 鱼欢 1, * , 秦晓威 1 , 邓文明 1 , 吉训志 1 , 贺书珍 1 , 宁紫薇 1, 3 , 鲁楠 1, 3 , 徐灵 1, 3 , 冯倬 1, 3
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(7): 1692-1701
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (7) : 1692 -1701
叶面施锌对斑兰叶光合作用及挥发性成分的影响
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闫露1, 2, 张昂1, 鱼欢1, * , 秦晓威1, 邓文明1, 吉训志1, 贺书珍1, 宁紫薇1, 3, 鲁楠1, 3, 徐灵1, 3, 冯倬1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
  • 2.华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉 430070
  • 3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
通讯作者:
* 鱼欢(YU Huan),E-mail:
Effects of Foliar Zinc Application on Photosynthesis and Volatile Components of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.
Lu YAN1, 2, Ang ZHANG1, Huan YU1, * , Xiaowei QIN1, Wenming DENG1, Xunzhi JI1, Shuzhen HE1, Ziwei NING1, 3, Nan LU1, 3, Ling XU1, 3, Zhuo FENG1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Spice and Beverage Research, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops of Hainan Province / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 2.College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
  • 3.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099 China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.016
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施用外源微量元素有助于提高部分经济作物的产量与品质,然而关于外源锌对斑兰叶光合作用及挥发性成分种类和含量的影响目前尚不可知。因此,本研究在田间设置不同锌肥喷施处理:0 kg/hm2(CK)、3.2 kg/hm2(Zn1)、4.0 kg/hm2(Zn2)和4.8 kg/hm2(Zn3),监测喷施锌肥后斑兰叶光合生理指标以及挥发性成分含量的时空动态变化。结果表明:Zn2处理能显著提高叶绿素含量,促进叶片生长和发育,叶片数量在处理后的各个阶段均达到最大值,但长期高浓度锌肥处理可能对叶片扩展和植株高度产生抑制作用。斑兰叶光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均随锌肥浓度的增加而上升,并且在处理后约30 d,Zn3处理表现最佳,Zn2处理次之。Zn2和Zn3处理在促进多种香气成分如2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉(2AP)、2-十六醇、棕榈酸乙酯等的积累上效果显著,其中Zn2处理的2AP、2-十六醇的含量与CK相比分别增加203%和80.89%。Zn1处理在喷施后20 d时2AP含量显著提高,而Zn3处理则对角鲨烯、新植二烯和叶绿醇的合成有显著促进作用。斑兰叶主要挥发性成分可能受到其农艺性状及光合生理指标的调控作用影响,其中光合速率的提升和叶片数量的增加可能对角鲨烯和新植二烯的合成具有促进作用,而胞间CO2浓度的升高则可能抑制2AP和角鲨烯的累积。总之,适量锌肥处理(4.0 kg/hm2)能有效促进斑兰叶的光合作用,提高叶绿素含量,促进叶片生长,增加挥发性物质及特征香气成分的含量,为优化斑兰叶高质效栽培技术提供理论依据。

斑兰叶  /  2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉  /  锌肥  /  农艺性状  /  光合特性  /  挥发性物质

The application of exogenous trace elements can help improve the yield and quality of certain economic crops. However, the effects of exogenous zinc on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and volatile compounds in Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (Pandan) remain unclear. Therefore, this study established a field control experiment on Pandan leaves with different zinc spray treatments, 0 kg/hm2 (CK), 3.2 kg/hm2 (Zn1), 4.0 kg/hm2 (Zn2), and 4.8 kg/hm2 (Zn3). The aim was to monitor the temporal and spatial dynamics of the photosynthetic rate and volatile compounds content following zinc fertilization. The results indicated that Zn2 treatment significantly increased the chlorophyll content, promoted the leaf growth and development, and resulted in the highest leaf count at all stages post-treatment. However, prolonged high-concentration zinc fertilization could inhibit leaf expansion and plant height. The photosynthetic physiology, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate increased with zinc concentration. Around 30 days post-treatment, Zn3 treatment performed the best, followed by Zn2 treatment. Zinc fertilization increased the content of volatile compounds. Zn2 and Zn3 treatments were notably effective in promoting the synthesis of several volatile compounds, such as 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-hexadecanol, and ethyl palmitate. Under Zn2 treatment, the content of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and 2-hexadecanol increased by 203% and 80.89%, respectively, compared with CK. Zn1 treatment significantly increased 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content at 20 days post-application, while Zn3 treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of squalene, neophytadiene, and phytol. Correlation analysis showed that the main volatile compounds in Pandan interacted with agronomic traits and photosynthetic physiological indicators. The increase in photosynthetic rate and leaf count promoted the synthesis of squalene and neophytadiene, whereas elevated intercellular CO2 concentration might inhibit the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and squalene. This study demonstrates that appropriate zinc fertilization can effectively enhance photosynthesis, increase chlorophyll content, promote leaf growth, and boost the content of volatile compounds and characteristic volatile compounds in Pandan. The findings would provide a theoretical basis for optimizing high-efficiency cultivation techniques for Pandan and promoting the sustainable development of Pandan-related industries.

Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.  /  2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline  /  zinc fertilizer  /  agronomic traits  /  photosynthetic properties  /  volatile compounds
闫露, 张昂, 鱼欢, 秦晓威, 邓文明, 吉训志, 贺书珍, 宁紫薇, 鲁楠, 徐灵, 冯倬. 叶面施锌对斑兰叶光合作用及挥发性成分的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1692 -1701 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.016
Lu YAN, Ang ZHANG, Huan YU, Xiaowei QIN, Wenming DENG, Xunzhi JI, Shuzhen HE, Ziwei NING, Nan LU, Ling XU, Zhuo FENG. Effects of Foliar Zinc Application on Photosynthesis and Volatile Components of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1692 -1701 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.016
斑兰叶(Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.)为露兜树科(Pandanaceae)露兜树属(Pandanus)多年生草本香料作物,20世纪50年代引入我国海南试种,现广泛种植于海南省万宁、琼海、儋州等市。斑兰叶因其独特的香气成分和广泛的经济用途而备受关注,其挥发性物质在食品、医药和化妆品行业具有重要应用价值[1]
“粽香”香味是斑兰叶最主要的风味特性,是决定斑兰叶品质的重要因素,斑兰叶因此香味被誉为东方香草[2]。斑兰叶的“粽香”风味主要贡献物质为2-乙酰-1-吡咯啉(2-Acetyl-1- pyrroline,2AP),在香稻之中也有发现,因而该物质产生的香气也被称为“米香”。随着对2AP物质研究的不断深入,对于其合成影响因素的探索也越来越深入。目前,对于2AP合成影响因素的研究主要集中在氮、锌、镧、光照和水分等方面。据报道,施用锌肥[35]、氮肥[6]、镧肥[7]、叶面施铜[8]、弱光[9-10]、水分胁迫[11]均能提高香稻中的2AP含量。斑兰叶还富含角鲨烯、叶绿醇等活性成分,这些活性成分使斑兰叶在相应的医疗和化妆品领域具有极佳的应用价值和发展前景。
微量元素是植物生长所必需的营养元素,在植物生长中起着重要作用[12]。锌作为植物必需的微量元素,间接地影响生长素的形成,还会增加植物体内纤维素、蛋白质、叶绿体等含量[13],不仅参与多种酶的活化,还在光合作用、植物生长发育以及次生代谢物合成中发挥重要作用[14]。尽管锌肥对多种作物生理生态特性的调控作用已有报道,但针对锌肥对斑兰叶挥发性物质积累及光合生理、农艺性状影响的研究尚属空白。因此,探索锌肥处理对斑兰叶多指标的影响具有重要的科学意义和实践价值。
林群原等[15]和李有丽等[16]的研究表明,不同锌肥施用量对斑兰叶组培苗的挥发性成分具有显著影响。因此,本研究以成龄斑兰叶为研究对象,通过大田控制试验探究不同锌肥施用量对其光合性能、农艺性状及挥发性物质的综合影响,阐明不同浓度锌肥对关键香气成分(如2AP、角鲨烯等)积累的调控作用及其与光合作用、农艺性状之间的内在联系,为优化斑兰叶高质效栽培管理技术提供理论依据,促进其相关产业可持续发展。
本研究大田控制试验设置于海南省万宁市兴隆热带植物园(18°24′N,110°6′E)。试验地土壤类型为砖红壤,土壤pH为6.55,全氮含量为18.20 g/kg,有机质含量为65.8 g/kg,碱解氮含量为150.3 mg/kg,速效磷含量为55.82 mg/kg,速效钾含量为89.33 mg/kg,有效锌含量为17.36 mg/kg。
选取生长状态一致、无病虫害且培育约1 a的斑兰叶成龄植株;角鲨烯标准品(GC≥98%)购自上海源叶生物科技有限公司;无水乙醇,无水硫酸钠购自西陇科学股份有限公司。
本试验采用随机区组设计,小区面积为10 m2,共设置4个重复小区。小区之间间隔1 m,以避免边缘效应。设置4个锌肥施用量处理:0 kg/hm2(CK)、3.2 kg/hm2(Zn1)、4.0 kg/hm2(Zn2)、4.8 kg/hm2(Zn3),于9月进行1次施肥处理,施肥方式为叶面喷施,每个处理喷施锌肥溶液400 mL,确保每片叶片都被均匀喷施。锌肥(硫酸锌)采用四川润儿科技有限公司产品,Zn%≥21%。各处理之间的灌溉、遮荫、修剪等日常栽培管理保持一致。
选择晴天的上午9:00,测量叶片顶部1/2至1/3的上表面。每个叶片位置连续测量3次,取平均值。测定仪器为便携式光合速测仪(Li-6400XT,美国LI-COR公司)。使用TYS-B型号叶绿素测定仪(浙江托普云农科技有限公司)测定叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)。分别测定每片叶片上部1/3、中部和下部1/3的SPAD值,取平均值作为每片叶片的SPAD值。
在试验处理后10、20、30 d对株高、叶长、叶宽进行测量,同时对叶片数进行统计。
(1)挥发性物质提取。首先,采用无水乙醇对斑兰叶表面进行彻底擦拭以清除杂质,确保叶片表面的清洁度。随后,精确称取5 g的斑兰叶叶片,并将其剪碎成适宜大小,以便更有效地进行后续的萃取过程。将剪碎的叶片转移至干净的离心管中,加入15 mL的无水乙醇,确保叶片完全浸没于溶剂中。在特定的温度(50 ℃)和超声功率(400 W、40 kHZ)条件下,对离心管中的混合物进行超声萃取,持续时间为60 min。随后取上清液,转移至含有5 g无水硫酸钠的离心管中,吸除多余水分。最后使用5 mL一次性注射器吸取经过除水处理后的液体,并通过孔径为0.22 μm的有机相针式滤器(尼龙)进行过滤,过滤的液体加入进样瓶中待测。
(2)挥发性物质检测。采用GC-MS技术进行挥发性物质检测,测定仪器为Agilent 7890B-5977B GC-MS(美国Agilent公司),色谱柱为DB-WAX(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)弹性石英毛细管柱。色谱及质谱条件检测参考林群原等[15]的方法。GC-MS数据处理参考唐瑾暄等[17]的方法,通过谱库检索、科学公式计算以及广泛资料比对,对挥发性物质进行定性、定量分析。
利用Excel软件进行数据整理;利用SPSS 26.0软件进行平均值和标准差计算、方差分析和多重比较分析;利用Origin 2021和GraphPad prism 9.0.0软件完成图形绘制。
图1所示,不同锌肥施用量对斑兰叶叶片光合特性均产生一定的影响。光合速率随锌肥喷施量的增加而逐步上升,随处理时间的增加呈先增后减的趋势;锌肥喷施10 d,各处理间的光合速率差异不显著;至喷施20 d时,Zn3处理显著高于CK;而喷施30 d时,该处理的光合速率不仅继续升高,而且显著优于其他处理,同时,Zn2处理亦显著优于CK和Zn1处理。气孔导度对锌肥处理的响应与光合速率相似,随锌肥施用量的增加而升高,随着喷施时间的增加呈先降后升趋势;锌肥喷施10 d、20 d时,各处理间的气孔导度差异不显著;至喷施30 d时,Zn3处理的气孔导度达到最高,显著高于CK和Zn1处理。胞间CO2浓度的变化与上述指标变化相反,随锌肥施用量的增加而降低,但随喷施时间的增加同样呈先减后增趋势;在喷施后的前20 d,各处理的胞间CO2浓度差异不显著;而喷施30 d时,Zn3处理的胞间CO2浓度显著低于其他处理,尤其低于CK和Zn1处理。蒸腾速率与光合速率、气孔导度的变化趋势一致,均随锌肥施用量的增加而上升,并随喷施时间的增加呈先降后升趋势;喷施10 d时,Zn3处理的蒸腾速率高于其他处理,且显著高于CK,但与Zn1、Zn2处理间差异不显著;至喷施20 d时,各处理间蒸腾速率趋于一致;而喷施30 d时,Zn3处理再次显著高于CK和Zn1处理。叶绿素相对含量变化对锌肥处理的响应最为显著,其影响在喷施后的第10天即已显现。相较于CK,Zn2处理的斑兰叶叶绿素相对含量呈显著增加趋势。而喷施20 d时,各处理间的叶绿素相对含量差异趋于缩小,但差异不显著。喷施30 d时,Zn2处理的叶绿素相对含量依然保持显著高于CK。
综上所述,适量喷施锌肥,尤其是Zn2~Zn3处理的施用量范围(4.0~4.8 kg/hm2),能有效促进斑兰叶的光合作用。其中,喷施后约30 d时的效果尤为显著。
本研究通过对不同锌肥施用量处理后的斑兰叶农艺性状进行测定分析,观察到不同锌肥施用量会对斑兰叶的农艺性状产生一定的影响,且其影响主要体现在叶片数的变化上。由图2可知,不同锌肥施用量处理后,Zn2处理下的斑兰叶叶片数量在处理后的各个阶段均达到最大值。特别是在喷施后的10、30 d,Zn2处理的叶片数量显著超过其他处理。以上结果表明Zn2处理对于促进斑兰叶叶片的生长和发育具有一定的促进作用。
叶长、叶宽、株高3个生长指标在锌肥处理后的短期内各处理间并未展现出明显的差异性。而在喷施30 d时,相较于其他处理,Zn3处理的斑兰叶其3个指标均呈显著降低,推测长期大量的锌肥处理可能对叶片的扩展以及植株的高度产生一定的抑制作用。
对不同处理后的斑兰叶叶片进行挥发性成分检测,共鉴定出22种挥发性香气化合物,这些化合物被归为吡咯类、醇类、酚类、呋喃类、呋喃酮类、烃类、酮类和酯类等8个类别。
在处理后的不同时间点观察发现,不同处理条件下的挥发性成分组成差异不显著。在喷施后的10 d,吡咯类物质仅在Zn3处理中被检出,而在CK、Zn1、Zn2处理中均未检出。在喷施后20 d,所有处理中均以酯类化合物种类最为丰富。在CK中,酯类物质占比高达27.78%,随后依次为醇类(22.22%)、呋喃类(16.67%)、烃类(11.11%)、吡咯类(5.56%)、酚类(5.56%)、呋喃酮类(5.56%)及酮类(5.56%)。与CK相似,在Zn1、Zn2、Zn3处理中,酯类物质同样占据主导地位,其占比分别为23.81%、27.78%、26.32%,其余各类别化合物占比虽略有不同,但也与CK呈相似占比。在喷施后30 d,除Zn1处理外,其他处理的挥发性成分组分种类及占比与喷施20 d时一致,Zn1处理的酮类物质由喷施20 d时的4种减少至30 d的1种(图3A)。
尽管不同处理在挥发性成分种类上差异不大,但在组分含量上却表现一定的差异性(表1)。喷施锌肥后,各处理的香气成分含量均在一定程度上增加。Zn2、Zn3处理各时期挥发性物质的总含量均显著高于CK和Zn1处理,且在喷施20 d时各处理的挥发性物质总含量均高于喷施10、30 d(图3B)。喷施10 d时,Zn2处理的呋喃类物质含量显著高于其他处理;Zn3处理的醇类物质含量显著高于其他处理。Zn1处理喷施20 d时,吡咯类物质含量显著高于其他处理。喷施10 d时,CK、Zn1、Zn2三个处理均未检出吡咯类成分,而Zn3处理吡咯类成分含量高达42.53 μg/g。
对斑兰叶叶片中21种共有挥发性物质的进一步分析显示(表1),锌肥对多种挥发性物质如2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉(2AP)、棕榈酸乙酯、2-十六醇、丙酮醇、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、糖醇、糖醛、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、角鲨烯和新植二烯等的合成具有显著促进作用。其中Zn2、Zn3处理2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、糖醛、3-甲基-2-(5H)-呋喃酮、角鲨烯、新植二烯和3-羟基-2-丁酮显著高于其他2个处理,Zn2处理2AP和2-十六醇含量显著高于其他处理,较CK分别提高203%和80.89%;Zn3处理丙酮醇、糖醇和亚麻酸乙酯显著高于其他处理。结果表明锌肥对斑兰叶香气成分的合成具有促进作用。
本研究对不同锌肥处理斑兰叶中4个关键特征香气物质的含量变化进一步深入分析发现,4种物质均受到不同程度的影响。由图4可知,喷施20 d时,Zn1处理的2AP含量显著高于其他处理,达153.80 µg/g,比CK高2.03倍;喷施30 d时,Zn1、Zn2处理的2AP含量与CK差异不显著,Zn3处理显著高于其他处理,但2AP含量喷施20 d时整体高于喷施10、30 d。锌肥对角鲨烯含量的影响表现为施用量越高其影响越大。喷施10、20、30 d时,Zn2、Zn3处理的角鲨烯含量均显著高于CK和Zn1处理;喷施10 d时,锌肥施用量对于角鲨烯含量的提升作用由高到低处理依次为:Zn3>Zn2>Zn1>CK,但随着处理时间的增加,不同处理间角鲨烯含量差异明显减小,至喷施30 d时,角鲨烯最高与最低含量间的差距已从喷施10 d时的70.74%减小至5.58%。新植二烯和叶绿醇的含量变化对锌肥的响应呈现出相似的模式。二者均在Zn3处理显著高于其他处理,而在Zn1处理,新植二烯的含量并未出现显著升高。这一结果进一步证实了高施用量的锌肥对特定香气物质的合成具有促进作用。
相关性分析结果显示(图5),斑兰叶的特征香气成分与其农艺性状、光合生理指标之间存在一定的关联性。2AP含量与胞间CO2浓度呈极显著负相关(r=-0.75,P<0.01);角鲨烯含量则与叶片数(r=0.61,P<0.05)和光合速率(r=0.67,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,而与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关(r=-0.62,P<0.05),表明叶片数量的增加和光合速率的提升对角鲨烯的合成具有促进作用,而胞间CO2浓度的升高则可能抑制2AP和角鲨烯的积累。新植二烯含量与叶绿素相对含量(r=0.62)、光合速率(r=0.63)和角鲨烯含量(r=0.64)呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关(r=-0.67,P<0.05),进一步强调了光合作用效率的提高对角鲨烯和新植二烯合成的重要性。株高与叶长(r=0.59,P<0.05)、叶宽(r=0.64,P<0.05)呈显著正相关,揭示了植株形态学特征与生长状况之间的紧密联系。4个特征香气物质与光合生理指标的相关性趋势高度一致,特别是角鲨烯和新植二烯,它们在与农艺性状及光合生理指标的相关性上展现出极高的相似性。
本研究探讨了不同锌肥施用量对斑兰叶光合特性、农艺性状以及挥发性物质的影响。结果显示,锌肥的施用对斑兰叶的光合性能、叶片生长以及挥发性成分的合成具有显著的促进作用,且其效果呈现浓度和时间的依赖性。本研究中,锌肥对斑兰叶光合作用的促进作用与杨任涛[14]的研究一致,进一步证实了锌作为光合作用关键微量元素的重要作用。WANG等[18]的研究结果表明上调气孔导度有提高水稻生产力和缓解高CO2时养分下降的潜力,这可能预示着在斑兰叶生产中也可以通过控制锌肥的施用调控光合生理状态,进而间接调控斑兰叶的品质。本研究通过系统分析不同锌肥施用量处理对斑兰叶农艺性状的影响,发现锌肥对农艺性状的影响主要体现在叶绿素相对含量的波动以及叶片数量的增减上。这一发现为分析锌元素在促进斑兰叶生长发育中的作用机制提供了有价值的线索。具体而言,Zn2处理显著提升叶绿素相对含量,且这一正向效应在喷施10 d时即已显现,并持续至喷施30 d,表明Zn2处理对叶绿素的合成与积累具有持久的促进作用。同时,Zn2处理斑兰叶叶片数量在各阶段均达最大值,特别是在喷施10、30 d时,叶片数显著多于其他处理,进一步证实了Zn2处理在促进叶片生长和发育方面的积极作用。但长期过量施用锌肥可能引起植物生长的负面影响,尤其是在叶片扩展和株高方面,正如本研究中喷施30 d时Zn3处理表现的抑制作用,推测可能是由于过量锌的积累对植物造成了生理毒性,从而影响了植物的生长,该现象在周毅等[19]在玉米幼苗的研究中也有报道。因此,合理控制锌肥施用量对于优化斑兰叶生长和提高其农艺性状至关重要。
本研究通过GC-MS分析了不同锌肥施用量处理对斑兰叶挥发性物质的影响。结果显示,锌肥对挥发性成分的种类组成影响有限,但可能在特定成分(如吡咯类)的出现和某些类别的相对丰度上产生细微差异,这一结果与李有丽等[16]的研究结果一致。在本研究中,Zn3处理对某些香气成分(如角鲨烯、新植二烯)的合成有显著促进作用,进一步反映了锌在植物香气物质合成中的积极作用。然而,这些香气物质的合成与植物的生长状态密切相关,尤其是光合作用和叶绿素相对含量的提高,这一关联在相关性分析中得到了验证。
在本研究中,光合速率、叶绿素相对含量和叶片数的增加均与特征香气成分如角鲨烯和新植二烯的合成呈正相关,表明光合作用效率的提升能够促进香气成分的积累。DURRET等[20]的研究指出叶绿醇作为叶绿素的“尾巴”,其含量可能与叶绿素的合成代谢有关,这为本研究中叶绿醇的含量变化提供了理论基础。叶绿素作为光合作用的核心色素,其含量的增加可能通过提高光能转化效率,或通过增强次生代谢途径,间接促进了香气成分的合成,这在张成等[21]的研究中也有验证。此外,根据阮梅花等[22]的研究,推测光合作用效率的提升可能通过增加植物体内的碳水化合物积累,提供更多的碳源和能量以促进香气成分的合成。以上研究结果不仅加深了对斑兰叶香气成分合成机制的理解,也为通过调控光合生理过程和农艺性状来优化香气品质提供了理论依据。未来的研究可以进一步探讨锌肥处理对斑兰叶香气成分合成途径的调控机制,为斑兰叶的香气品质改良提供更加深入的理论依据。
本研究结果表明,在成龄斑兰叶采收前20 d进行适量锌肥处理(以4.0~4.8 kg/hm2为宜)可以显著增强斑兰叶的光合作用效率、农艺性状及特征香气成分的合成。Zn2(4.0 kg/hm2)处理则在叶绿素合成、积累及叶片数量增加方面表现最佳,尤其对2AP、角鲨烯等关键化合物的合成具有促进作用,并在喷施后20 d时达到峰值。然而,尽管锌肥具有通过提升光合作用效率和改善农艺性状间接促进香气物质积累的作用机制,但长期过量的锌肥施用可能对植物产生一定的抑制作用。因此,在实际应用中需要合理控制锌肥的施用量。上述研究结果将为锌肥在斑兰叶高质效生产中的科学施用提供理论依据和实践指导。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(323RC531)
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2025SXLH013)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.016
  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
  • 录用日期:2025-03-18
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(323RC531)
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2025SXLH013)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南万宁 571533
    2.华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉 430070
    3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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