Article(id=1276530111021192133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735574400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1739289600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-12, onlineDate=1782278095250, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278095250, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278095250, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278095250, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276530095770693736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='7', pageStart='1533', pageEnd='1784', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1753372800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278091614, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299002258, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617801443971243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617801448165548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276530095770693736, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1546, endPage=1553, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276530112816354249, articleId=1276530111021192133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Cloning, Expression and Enzymatic Activity Analysis of the Fructokinase Gene HpFRK2 in Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus), columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Plant fructokinase (FRK) specifically catalyzes fructose phosphorylation into glycolysis pathway, which is a key enzyme for fructose metabolism and soluble sugar accumulation. This study elucidated the expression pattern and enzyme characteristics of red pitaya HpFRK2 gene, which would provide a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of fruit soluble sugar accumulation and improving fruit quality. HpFRK2 was cloned from red pitaya ‘Zihonglong’, and its expression pattern was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Subcellular localization was performed by transiently expressing in tobacco mesophyll cells, and the recombinant protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression and its enzyme activity was detected. The open reading frame (ORF) was 1026 bp, encoding 341 amino acids. The relative molecular weight of HpFRK2 was 36.95 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.94. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HpFRK2 was closely related to cassava MeFRK2, tomato SlFRK1, apple MdFRK1 and Arabidopsis AtFRK1. HpFRK2 contained a conserved domain of the phosphofructokinase type B (pfkB) family. The expression level of HpFRK2 was the highest at 20 days of fruit development, gradually decreased with fruit development, and the expression level was the lowest at 30 days. In addition, the expression of HpFRK2 in stems was significantly lower than that in fruits. Subcellular localization results showed that HpFRK2 was mainly located in the cytoplasm. A prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and recombinant protein was successfully induced. The results of enzyme activity characteristics showed that HpFRK2 specifically catalyzed fructose phosphorylation, fructose did not have the substrate inhibition on its enzyme activity, and the Km value for fructose phosphorylation was 1.84 mmol/L. The results showed that HpFRK2 was located in the cytoplasm, specifically catalyzed fructose phosphorylation, was mainly expressed during the veraison period (20-23 d after flowering) of red pitaya fruit, and may negatively regulate fructose accumulation in fruit.

, authors=null, authorsList=Donglan LUO, Liangjie BA, Honglin WANG, Qianming ZHENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qianming ZHENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276530117010658265, articleId=1276530111021192133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=红肉火龙果果糖激酶基因HpFRK2的克隆、表达与酶活性分析, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

植物果糖激酶(fructokinase,FRK)特异性催化果糖磷酸化进入糖酵解途径,是果糖代谢和可溶性糖积累的关键酶。阐明红肉火龙果果实HpFRK2基因的表达模式及酶特性,为了解果实可溶性糖积累的分子机制并改良果实品质提供理论基础。本研究从红肉火龙果紫红龙品种中克隆HpFRK2基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR分析该基因表达模式,采用烟草叶肉细胞瞬时表达检测其亚细胞定位,通过原核表达获得重组蛋白并检测其酶活性。结果表明:HpFRK2基因的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)为1026 bp,编码341个氨基酸。HpFRK2蛋白相对分子质量为36.95 kDa,理论等电点为5.94。系统进化分析表明HpFRK2与木薯MeFRK2、番茄SlFRK1、苹果MdFRK1和拟南芥AtFRK1具有较近的亲缘关系。蛋白序列分析表明其含有磷酸果糖激酶B(phosphofructokinase type B,pfkB)家族保守结构域。HpFRK2在果实发育20 d时的表达量最高,随着果实发育逐渐降低表达,30 d时表达量最低;此外,HpFRK2在茎中的表达显著低于果实。亚细胞定位检测表明HpFRK2主要位于细胞质。构建原核表达载体在大肠杆菌表达,成功诱导获得HpFRK2重组蛋白。酶活性检测表明HpFRK2特异性催化果糖磷酸化,果糖对酶活性不具有底物抑制性,催化果糖磷酸化的Km值为1.84 mmol/L。本研究结果表明,红肉火龙果HpFRK2蛋白位于细胞质,特异催化果糖磷酸化,主要在果实转色期(花后20~23 d)表达,可能负调控果实的果糖积累。

, authors=

罗冬兰(1991—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工。

, authorsList=罗冬兰, 巴良杰, 王红林, 郑乾明, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=郑乾明, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 郑乾明(ZHENG Qianming),E-mail:
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罗冬兰(1991—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工。

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罗冬兰(1991—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:农产品贮藏与加工。

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Plant Science, 2003, 165(5): 1051-1058., articleTitle=Cloning and characterization of two fructokinases from maize, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276530130000416791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, awardId=32302624; 32160595; 32060674, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32302624; 32160595; 32060674), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276530117815964635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530117824353244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, companyId=1276530117815964635, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276530117832741853, 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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.贵州省农业科学院农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276530127051821065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Amino acid sequence alignment and motif analysis of HpFRK2 and other FRKs, figureFileSmall=zn+AMI26NRLB9QJ8z1GHDA==, figureFileBig=QFxDadp3Of/feQypHnCAYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530127433502730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HpFRK2与其他FRKs的氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析, figureFileSmall=zn+AMI26NRLB9QJ8z1GHDA==, figureFileBig=QFxDadp3Of/feQypHnCAYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530128209448971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Phylogenetic analysis of HpFRK2 and other FRKs, figureFileSmall=C4rSJvJ2Q4akJqQoC0hrmg==, figureFileBig=8qd5rQrJXujpcM08HWH3tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530128276557836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=CN, label=图2, caption=HpFRK2与其他FRKs的系统进化分析, figureFileSmall=C4rSJvJ2Q4akJqQoC0hrmg==, figureFileBig=8qd5rQrJXujpcM08HWH3tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530128347861005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Subcellular localization of HpFRK2, figureFileSmall=+04d0zXAbLbOj/w3Z5y4Rg==, figureFileBig=rVQIr82sqh6qH4xVwRJXug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530128637267982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HpFRK2蛋白的亚细胞定位, figureFileSmall=+04d0zXAbLbOj/w3Z5y4Rg==, figureFileBig=rVQIr82sqh6qH4xVwRJXug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530128733736975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Expression patterns of HpFRK2 in stem and different period fruit of red pitaya, figureFileSmall=6P9sRaOnhCWKuG67v+l0vw==, figureFileBig=RyoWRprFLge3n6fiFvyqBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530129060892688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=CN, label=图4, caption=HpFRK2在红肉火龙果茎和果实不同发育时期的表达模式

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=6P9sRaOnhCWKuG67v+l0vw==, figureFileBig=RyoWRprFLge3n6fiFvyqBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530129128001553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=SDS-PAGE detection of HpFRK2 recombinant protein, figureFileSmall=qjdMhWMsByKTEZEuI/R3WA==, figureFileBig=xlDa/ZKl+ktmINAKBakhMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530129195110418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=CN, label=图5, caption=HpFRK2重组蛋白的SDS-PAGE检测

M:蛋白分子质量标准;1:未诱导样品;2:诱导后样品。

, figureFileSmall=qjdMhWMsByKTEZEuI/R3WA==, figureFileBig=xlDa/ZKl+ktmINAKBakhMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530129488711699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Enzyme activity assay of HpFRK2 recombinant protein, figureFileSmall=NhS2KM6sqk780lOzknG93g==, figureFileBig=oczQfcb65BfPklhZfmMhXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530129568403476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HpFRK2重组蛋白的酶活性分析

A图中所用底物浓度为100 mmol/L,**表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=NhS2KM6sqk780lOzknG93g==, figureFileBig=oczQfcb65BfPklhZfmMhXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530129631318037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequences used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′–3′)Primer sequence (5′–3′)用途Usage
HpFRK2-FCTCCATATTCAAAGTTTCTCORF克隆
HpFRK2-RAGACTTTGTTACTATTACAC
HpFRK2-qRT-FTTGATAGACGAACCCTGTAG基因表达
HpFRK2-qRT-RCATTATGCCATCTCGAGCAG
β-ACT-FCTTCCATACCAATGAATGAGG内参基因
β-ACT-RAACCGCCAAGAGTAGTTCTG
HpFRK2-GFP-FGAACACGGGGGACGAGCTCGGTACCATGGCTCAGCCTCACAAT亚细胞定位
HpFRK2-GFP-RCCTTGCTCACCATGTCGACTCTAGAGCCAGAGGCCTTCTGC
), ArticleFig(id=1276530129891364886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530111021192133, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′–3′)Primer sequence (5′–3′)用途Usage
HpFRK2-FCTCCATATTCAAAGTTTCTCORF克隆
HpFRK2-RAGACTTTGTTACTATTACAC
HpFRK2-qRT-FTTGATAGACGAACCCTGTAG基因表达
HpFRK2-qRT-RCATTATGCCATCTCGAGCAG
β-ACT-FCTTCCATACCAATGAATGAGG内参基因
β-ACT-RAACCGCCAAGAGTAGTTCTG
HpFRK2-GFP-FGAACACGGGGGACGAGCTCGGTACCATGGCTCAGCCTCACAAT亚细胞定位
HpFRK2-GFP-RCCTTGCTCACCATGTCGACTCTAGAGCCAGAGGCCTTCTGC
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红肉火龙果果糖激酶基因HpFRK2的克隆、表达与酶活性分析
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罗冬兰 1 , 巴良杰 1 , 王红林 2, 3 , 郑乾明 2, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(7): 1546-1553
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2025 , 46 (7) : 1546 -1553
红肉火龙果果糖激酶基因HpFRK2的克隆、表达与酶活性分析
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罗冬兰1, 巴良杰1, 王红林2, 3, 郑乾明2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳 550005
  • 2.贵州省农业科学院贵州省果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳 550006
  • 3.贵州省农业科学院农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550006
通讯作者:
* 郑乾明(ZHENG Qianming),E-mail:
Cloning, Expression and Enzymatic Activity Analysis of the Fructokinase Gene HpFRK2 in Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Donglan LUO1, Liangjie BA1, Honglin WANG2, 3, Qianming ZHENG2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China
  • 2.Guizhou Institute of Pomology Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Mountainous Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.002
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植物果糖激酶(fructokinase,FRK)特异性催化果糖磷酸化进入糖酵解途径,是果糖代谢和可溶性糖积累的关键酶。阐明红肉火龙果果实HpFRK2基因的表达模式及酶特性,为了解果实可溶性糖积累的分子机制并改良果实品质提供理论基础。本研究从红肉火龙果紫红龙品种中克隆HpFRK2基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR分析该基因表达模式,采用烟草叶肉细胞瞬时表达检测其亚细胞定位,通过原核表达获得重组蛋白并检测其酶活性。结果表明:HpFRK2基因的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)为1026 bp,编码341个氨基酸。HpFRK2蛋白相对分子质量为36.95 kDa,理论等电点为5.94。系统进化分析表明HpFRK2与木薯MeFRK2、番茄SlFRK1、苹果MdFRK1和拟南芥AtFRK1具有较近的亲缘关系。蛋白序列分析表明其含有磷酸果糖激酶B(phosphofructokinase type B,pfkB)家族保守结构域。HpFRK2在果实发育20 d时的表达量最高,随着果实发育逐渐降低表达,30 d时表达量最低;此外,HpFRK2在茎中的表达显著低于果实。亚细胞定位检测表明HpFRK2主要位于细胞质。构建原核表达载体在大肠杆菌表达,成功诱导获得HpFRK2重组蛋白。酶活性检测表明HpFRK2特异性催化果糖磷酸化,果糖对酶活性不具有底物抑制性,催化果糖磷酸化的Km值为1.84 mmol/L。本研究结果表明,红肉火龙果HpFRK2蛋白位于细胞质,特异催化果糖磷酸化,主要在果实转色期(花后20~23 d)表达,可能负调控果实的果糖积累。

红肉火龙果  /  果糖激酶  /  基因克隆  /  蛋白表达  /  酶活

Plant fructokinase (FRK) specifically catalyzes fructose phosphorylation into glycolysis pathway, which is a key enzyme for fructose metabolism and soluble sugar accumulation. This study elucidated the expression pattern and enzyme characteristics of red pitaya HpFRK2 gene, which would provide a theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of fruit soluble sugar accumulation and improving fruit quality. HpFRK2 was cloned from red pitaya ‘Zihonglong’, and its expression pattern was analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Subcellular localization was performed by transiently expressing in tobacco mesophyll cells, and the recombinant protein was obtained by prokaryotic expression and its enzyme activity was detected. The open reading frame (ORF) was 1026 bp, encoding 341 amino acids. The relative molecular weight of HpFRK2 was 36.95 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.94. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HpFRK2 was closely related to cassava MeFRK2, tomato SlFRK1, apple MdFRK1 and Arabidopsis AtFRK1. HpFRK2 contained a conserved domain of the phosphofructokinase type B (pfkB) family. The expression level of HpFRK2 was the highest at 20 days of fruit development, gradually decreased with fruit development, and the expression level was the lowest at 30 days. In addition, the expression of HpFRK2 in stems was significantly lower than that in fruits. Subcellular localization results showed that HpFRK2 was mainly located in the cytoplasm. A prokaryotic expression vector was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and recombinant protein was successfully induced. The results of enzyme activity characteristics showed that HpFRK2 specifically catalyzed fructose phosphorylation, fructose did not have the substrate inhibition on its enzyme activity, and the Km value for fructose phosphorylation was 1.84 mmol/L. The results showed that HpFRK2 was located in the cytoplasm, specifically catalyzed fructose phosphorylation, was mainly expressed during the veraison period (20-23 d after flowering) of red pitaya fruit, and may negatively regulate fructose accumulation in fruit.

red pitaya  /  fructokinase  /  gene cloning  /  protein expression  /  enzyme activity
罗冬兰, 巴良杰, 王红林, 郑乾明. 红肉火龙果果糖激酶基因HpFRK2的克隆、表达与酶活性分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1546 -1553 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.002
Donglan LUO, Liangjie BA, Honglin WANG, Qianming ZHENG. Cloning, Expression and Enzymatic Activity Analysis of the Fructokinase Gene HpFRK2 in Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (7) : 1546 -1553 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.002
红肉火龙果(Hylocereus polyrhizus)属于仙人掌科(Cactaceae)量天尺属(Hylocereus)植物,其果肉清甜多汁,深受消费者喜爱。红肉火龙果成熟果实积累的可溶性糖主要有葡萄糖和果糖,其含量和组成是衡量果实内在品质的重要因素[1-2]。解析红肉火龙果果实发育期间可溶性糖积累的分子机制,能为改善果实品质提供理论依据。
果糖激酶(fructokinase,FRK)属于pfkB碳水化合物激酶家族,是植物糖代谢途径上游环节的关键酶[3]。果糖经FRK或己糖激酶催化生成果糖-6-磷酸进入糖酵解途径,为植物生长发育提供底物、能量和信号[4]。FRK对果糖的亲和力远大于葡萄糖,因此是催化果糖磷酸化的关键酶[5]。FRK也作为糖信号感受器,控制果糖的利用和碳源再分配,参与调控植株维管束发育[6]。植物FRK常以多基因家族的形式存在,在拟南芥[7]、番茄[8-9]、马铃薯[10]、水稻[11]和苹果[12]等物种相继分离。拟南芥AtFRK1AtFRK3双突变体表现严重的种子发育缺陷,脂肪酸积累减少,重量减小且形态异常,说明AtFRK1AtFRK3正向调节种子发育[13]。水稻OsFRK3被敲除后种子粒重下降,胚乳灌浆率和淀粉含量降低,蔗糖和果糖含量升高,表明OsFRK3可能通过糖代谢正向调节淀粉积累[14]。番茄SlFRK1SlFRK2SlFRK3参与维管束发育,干涉SlFRK1SlFRK2表达严重抑制韧皮部发育和植株生长,干涉SlFRK2SlFRK3还导致叶片枯萎,影响坐果和结实[15-16]。过表达苹果MdFRK2降低幼龄植株的蔗糖和果糖含量,上调叶片的山梨醇代谢,促进茎的纤维素积累[12,17];成年植株中钙结合蛋白MdCacyBP与MdFRK2互作,促进MdFRK2泛素化并被蛋白酶降解,降低FRK酶活性导致果糖积累[18]。因此,FRK通过影响糖代谢,参与植物的叶、茎、种子和果实等多种组织的生长发育。
研究表明,植物FRK家族成员表现出不同的表达模式。如苹果MdFRK1主要在果实表达,MdFRK2主要在茎尖表达[12]。木薯MeFRK5仅在花特异表达,MeFRK1MeFRK3MeFRK4在叶、茎、块根、花和果实中表现出差异的表达模式;MeFRK3MeFRK4在块根的表达远高于其他FRKs,且在块根发育早期表达,在成熟期较低[19]。杨梅MrFRK2、枸杞LbFRK7和梨PpyFRK5均在果实发育早期表达,并随果实发育成熟逐渐降低[20-22]。FRK家族的亚细胞定位也存在差异,如拟南芥AtFRK3和番茄SlFRK3蛋白定位于质体,其余成员均定位于细胞质[7,23]。FRK蛋白的催化活性也存在差异,如MdFRK1、MdFRK2和AtFRK2-6酶活性均在果糖浓度较高时被明显抑制,AtFRK1酶活性则不受果糖浓度抑制[7,12]。由此可见,不同FRKs的表达模式、亚细胞定位和酶特性存在明显差异,表明其发挥的生理功能也存在较大差异。
此前从红肉火龙果果实转录组测序数据中分离HpFRK1,证明其在果实发育期间负调控可溶性糖积累[24]。同时在转录组测序数据也获得其他FRK相关转录本(命名为HpFRK2),与HpFRK1序列存在较大的差异。本研究克隆HpFRK2的基因全长,分析其表达模式、亚细胞定位和酶催化活性,比较其与HpFRK1的差异,进一步探讨FRKs在红肉火龙果果实可溶性糖积累过程中的生理功能。
试验材料采集地为贵州省罗甸县火龙果种植园,选取长势一致、无病虫害的红肉火龙果品种紫红龙的成年结果植株,采集成熟的茎组织。参考此前对红肉火龙果果实发育阶段的描述[25],于花后20、23、25、27、30 d共计5个时期采集果实。每份样品均设置3个生物学重复,每个重复均含有5个果实。将茎和去皮后的果肉切成薄片,液氮速冻并研磨成粉末,于–80 ℃储存备用。
采用总RNA快速抽提试剂盒(北京艾德莱生物科技有限公司)提取红肉火龙果紫红龙植株茎和花后5个时期的果实总RNA,使用微量分光光度计(德国Implen公司)检测其浓度和纯度,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其完整性。使用反转录PCR试剂盒(TaKaRa公司)将合格的总RNA样品反转录成cDNA。基于红肉火龙果紫红龙转录组测序数据获得的FRK序列[25],使用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计全长引物HpFRK2-F/R(表1)。PCR反应体系为:cDNA 2 μL,HpFRK2-F/R引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,高保真DNA聚合酶(南京诺维赞生物科技股份有限公司)12.5 μL,ddH2O补齐至25 μL。PCR反应条件:95 ℃预变性3 min;95 ℃变性15 s,56 ℃退火15 s,72 ℃延伸1.5 min,35个循环;72 ℃延伸5 min。PCR产物使用DNA纯化试剂盒(天根生化科技有限公司)纯化回收,回收产物按pMDTM19-T克隆载体(TaKaRa公司)说明书进行T载体连接,转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,经菌液PCR鉴定阳性克隆,送至生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司测序。
使用ProtParam(https://web.expasy.org/protparam/)在线软件预测蛋白质结构、氨基酸组成、蛋白质相对分子质量和理论等电点,利用PSORT Prediction(http://psortl.hgc.jp/form.html)在线软件预测蛋白质亚细胞定位情况,利用TMHMM(http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM2.0/)在线软件预测蛋白跨膜区结构。使用Clustal W软件进行氨基酸序列比对,利用MEGA 7.0软件基于邻接法构建系统进化树,Bootstrap重复次数为1000次。
基于HpFRK2序列设计荧光定量PCR引物HpFRK2-qRT-F/R表1),并在火龙果基因组数据库(http://www.pitayagenomic.com/index.php)比对确保特异性扩增。以β-ACT-F/R作为内参基因(表1),使用荧光定量PCR仪(美国BIO-RAD公司)进行检测。反应体系为:cDNA 1 μL,HpFRK2-qRT-F/R引物(10 μmol/L)各1 μL,2×SYBR Green Fast qPCR Mix(北京百迈客生物科技有限公司)10 μL,ddH2O补齐至20 μL。PCR反应条件为:95 ℃预变性3 min,95 ℃变性5 s,60 ℃ 30 s,40个循环。每个样品设置3次技术重复,采用2-ΔΔCt法计算该基因的相对表达量。
使用引物HpFRK2-GFP-F/R(表1)扩增不含终止密码子的HpFRK2基因,利用单片段无缝克隆试剂盒(南京诺维赞生物科技股份有限公司)连接至1300-GFP载体。连接产物转化至大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,挑选转化子培养并进行PCR鉴定和测序。测序结果经比对并确认正确后,使用质粒抽提试剂盒(上海迈跟生物科技有限公司)提取重组质粒。将重组质粒HpFRK2-GFP和载体对照1300-GFP分别转化农杆菌GV3101感受态细胞(上海唯地生物技术有限公司),采用注射法转化烟草叶片,培养72 h,取样,通过激光共聚焦荧光显微镜(德国ZEISS公司)检测其荧光信号并拍照。
参考大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性,人工合成HpFRK2的ORF并插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1载体。将重组质粒转入BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中,选取单克隆于LB培养基37 ℃培养至菌体OD600=0.6~0.8,加入终浓度为0.5 mmol/L的异丙基-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG),37 ℃培养4 h。诱导产生的融合His标签重组蛋白使用SDS-PAGE电泳检测可溶性,然后使用镍柱纯化重组蛋白。
参考RENZ等[26]的方法分析HpFRK2重组蛋白的酶活特性,反应体系总体积为1 mL,包含25 μL重组蛋白、50 mmol/L pH 8.0的Tris-HCl缓冲液、4 mmol/L MgCl2、2.5 mmol/L ATP、0.33 mmol/L NAD+、1 U葡萄糖-6磷酸脱氢酶和1 U磷酸葡萄糖异构酶。加入200 μL不同浓度(0~80 mmol/L)的果糖,30 ℃条件下反应5 min。使用酶标仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司)检测340 nm处的吸光度值A340。酶活性定义为:1 U即1 min内1.0 mg重组蛋白的A340值增加0.01。
PCR扩增和测序结果表明,HpFRK2的ORF为1026 bp,编码341个氨基酸。预测HpFRK2蛋白的相对分子质量为36.95 kDa,理论等电点为5.94。蛋白跨膜结构预测表明HpFRK2蛋白不含有跨膜区,亚细胞预测表明HpFRK2蛋白定位于细胞质。
HpFRK2的氨基酸序列与此前报道的HpFRK1具有74.30%的一致率。氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析(图1)表明:HpFRK2与拟南芥AtFRK1、AtFRK2、番茄SlFRK1和SlFRK2类似,均具有底物糖结合位点、ATP结合位点和pfkB家族特异性区域。系统进化显示HpFRK2与木薯MeFRK2、番茄SlFRK1、苹果MdFRK1和拟南芥AtFRK1聚为一类,而HpFRK1与甜菜BvFRK、拟南芥AtFRK2、AtFRK4-7、木薯MeFRK3、4和番茄SlFRK2聚为另一类(图2),说明HpFRK2与HpFRK1属于不同的类别。
在烟草叶肉细胞的亚细胞定位结果表明:对照1300-GFP的荧光信号广泛分布于细胞核、细胞质和细胞膜;HpFRK2-GFP融合蛋白荧光信号主要分布在细胞质和细胞膜,且未见分布于细胞核和叶绿体(图3)。因此,HpFRK2主要定位于细胞质和细胞膜。
荧光定量PCR检测表明:HpFRK2在茎的表达量显著低于5个时期的果实;HpFRK2在花后20 d的表达量最高,23 d时表达量下降;此后随着果实的发育和成熟显著下降,30 d时表达量最低(图4)。
SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明,经IPTG诱导后在接近66.2 kDa位置出现明显的单一条带,未诱导样品则无明显条带(图5)。由于标签蛋白约为27 kDa,重组蛋白的实际分子量略小于39.2 kDa,与预测基本一致。因此,原核表达实验成功诱导获得HpFRK2重组蛋白。
不同底物下的酶活性检测表明,HpFRK2重组蛋白对果糖具有明显的催化活性,对葡萄糖无催化活性(图6A)。以不同浓度果糖为底物的酶活性检测表明,底物浓度为0.1~10 mmol/L时,HpFRK2重组蛋白的酶活性随浓度增加呈现快速增加的趋势;此后酶活性随底物浓度的增加仅缓慢增加,当底物浓度大于20 mmol/L后的酶活性随底物浓度增加仅呈现略增加的趋势(图6B)。因此,果糖对HpFRK2酶活性不具有底物抑制性,HpFRK2催化果糖磷酸化的Km值为1.84 mmol/L。
本研究基于果实转录组测序数据和RT-PCR扩增,获得红肉火龙果HpFRK2基因。氨基酸序列比对和结构域分析表明,HpFRK2与其他FRK类似,具有pfkB碳水化合激酶家族的保守特征结构域[3]。HpFRK2与HpFRK1的氨基酸序列一致率较低,系统进化分析也表明HpFRK2与HpFRK1分属于不同的类别。因此推测HpFRK2也属于FRK家族,但与HpFRK1的生理功能存在差异。
亚细胞定位预测HpFRK2蛋白定位于细胞质,跨膜结构预测该蛋白不含有跨膜区,不属于膜蛋白。利用烟草叶片开展亚细胞定位检测,结果表明HpFRK2主要定位于细胞质和细胞膜。综合预测和亚细胞定位实验结果证明HpFRK2与HpFRK1类似[24],均定位于细胞质。已有研究表明,植物FRKs主要定位于细胞质和质体[27]。大部分成员如拟南芥AtFRK1、AtFRK2和AtFRK4-7[7],苹果MdFRK1和MdFRK2[12]、枇杷EjFRK[28]均定位于细胞质,仅AtFRK3[7]和番茄SlFRK3[23]定位于质体。HpFRK2与AtFRK1、MdFRK1具有较近的亲缘关系,也显示出相同的亚细胞定位模式。因此推测HpFRK2与HpFRK1均在细胞质发挥果糖磷酸化的功能。
植物FRK家族不同成员的酶催化活性存在底物抑制性的差异,如拟南芥AtFRK1、AtFRK7和番茄SlFRK1酶活性不受高浓度果糖抑制,AtFRK2、SlFRK2、AtFRK3和AtFRK4-6却受到明显的抑制[7,29];玉米ZmFRK1和ZmFRK2酶活性均受高浓度果糖抑制,ZmFRK1对果糖较不敏感,ZmFRK2对果糖更敏感[30];苹果MdFRK1和MdFRK2酶活性均具有底物抑制性,且MdFRK2对果糖敏感[12]。随着果糖浓度的增加,HpFRK2酶活性未受到明显的抑制,与AtFRK1、AtFRK7、SlFRK1和HpFRK1的酶活性一致。FRK家族不同成员对果糖的亲和力也存在差异,如AtFRK7(0.012 mmol/L)[7]、SlFRK2(0.054 mmol/L)[29]和MdFRK2(0.1 mmol/L)[12]亲和力高;AtFRK1(0.47 mmol/L)[7]、AtFRK3(0.48 mmol/L)[7]、MdFRK1(0.62 mmol/L)[12]和SlFRK1(1.3 mmol/L)[29]亲和力次之;HpFRK1(11.01 mmol/L)[24]亲和力较低。HpFRK2催化果糖的Km值为1.84 mmol/L,其亲和力与SlFRK1相似,远大于HpFRK1。因此推测HpFRK1主要在相对较高浓度条件下参与果糖代谢,HpFRK2则主要在低浓度条件下参与果糖代谢。
园艺作物如杨梅、枇杷、梨、枸杞的FRKs主要在果实发育早期表达,伴随着旺盛的代谢和较低的果糖积累;FRKs表达随果实成熟逐渐降低,伴随着各类代谢活动减缓,有利于果糖等可溶性糖积累[20-22,28]。基因表达分析表明HpFRK2主要在红肉火龙果果实发育20~23 d表达,该时期为果肉的转色期[25]。转色期的果肉合成大量的甜菜色素,果糖积累较少,推测HpFRK2介导的糖代谢为甜菜色素合成提供前体和能量。随着果实发育和成熟,果糖含量快速增加并在30 d(成熟)时达到最高,而HpFRK2表达持续降低并在30 d(成熟)时达到最低。由此可见,HpFRK2与HpFRK1[24]类似,对红肉火龙果果实的果糖积累也具有负调控作用。考虑到亲和力的明显差异,推测HpFRK2与HpFRK1分别负责红肉火龙果果实转色期低浓度和高浓度下的果糖代谢。
本研究分离克隆红肉火龙果HpFRK2基因,其蛋白定位于细胞质。HpFRK2蛋白特异性催化果糖磷酸化,果糖对酶活性不具有抑制性。HpFRK2蛋白催化果糖磷酸化的Km值为1.84 mmol/L,对果糖具有较高的亲和力。HpFRK2主要在花后20~23 d果实表达,并随果实成熟逐渐降低表达,可能参与负调控果实的果糖积累。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32302624; 32160595; 32060674)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.07.002
  • 接收时间:2024-12-31
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31
  • 录用日期:2025-02-12
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国家自然科学基金项目(32302624; 32160595; 32060674)
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    1.贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳 550005
    2.贵州省农业科学院贵州省果树科学研究所,贵州贵阳 550006
    3.贵州省农业科学院农业农村部喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550006

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* 郑乾明(ZHENG Qianming),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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