Article(id=1276530038837211904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736697600000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1742054400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-03-16, onlineDate=1782278078040, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1750780800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782278078040, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782278078040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782278078040, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276529901037548535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='6', pageStart='1279', pageEnd='1532', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1750780800000', pubDateStr='2025-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782278045186, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782298980105, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276617708544328532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276617708544328533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276529901037548535, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1416, endPage=1428, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276530040745620226, articleId=1276530038837211904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Amorphophallus muelleri in Different Light Conditions, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to explore the photosynthetic characteristics and yield underground corm of Amorphophallus muelleri under different light conditions. Three intercrop modes of A. muelleri, pruned rubber tree intercrop mode T1 [forest center (T1M) and forest edge (T1S)], interrow mode of puelia T2[forest center (T2M) and edge (T2S)], 50% light transmittance shade mode T3M, no pruning rubber tree (CK)[forest center (CKM) and edge (CKS)] were used. The light intensity (Lux) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in different light conditions were measured. The daily variation pattern of A. muelleri, photosynthetic parameters [net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr)], chlorophyll fluorescence parameters [maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical quantum yield(YII), maximum electron transfer rate (ETRmax), half-saturation light intensity (Ik)], photosynthetic pigment parameters [chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b(Chl b), total chlorophyll (Chl a+b), chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b)] were measured at three stages (head changing stage, corm expansion stage, maturity stage). The yield of underground corm under different light conditions was compared. The results showed that daily variations of Lux and PAR were basically consistent under light conditions, showing “unimodal”modes. There were significant differences in the photosynthetic parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci) among different light conditions. Compared with CK, Pn, Gs, and Tr of the T3M were the significantly highest in all three stages. During the head changing and corm expansion stages, Pn, Gs, Tr of the T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those of CK; The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, YII, ETRmax, IK) of each light conditions were significantly higher than those of CK; The changes in photosynthetic pigment parameters (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b, Chl a/b) of various conditions were irregular. The Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b of T2 and CK were higher than those of T1 and T3 at all three stages, and Chl a/b of all treatments was significantly higher than those of CK. From the comparison of light intensity and yield between the forest center and edge under conditions, it can be seen that the forest center is higher than the forest edge. After comparing the implementation effects of various intercropping modes, it can be seen that all treatments have improved the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of A. muelleri, while the pruned rubber tree modes T1 treatment is most obvious, and achieved the similar effect of single cropping under artificial shade. Therefore, in rubber tree production, pruning measures or other measures is needed to improve the light conditions and replace monoculture artificial shade for planting A. muelleri. The intercrop mode of puelia requires increase in fertilizer application and a reasonable allocation of crop distance direction to effectively alleviate the burns caused by direct sunlight on A. muelleri plants, and improve photosynthetic efficiency, thereby increasing crop yield and land use efficiency.

, authors=null, authorsList=Huifang YUAN, Jinwei LI, Susu XU, Yanwei RUAN, Minghui CHEN, Xiangshuai YAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiangshuai YAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276530041664172808, articleId=1276530038837211904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=不同光生境模式下珠芽黄魔芋光合特征及产量的比较研究, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究不同光生境模式下珠芽黄魔芋(Amorphophallus muelleri)光合特征及产量的变化特征,设置3种魔芋间作模式7种光生境处理:修剪橡胶树间作模式T1[林中心(T1M)和林边缘(T1S)]、巨菌草行间间作模式T2[林中心(T2M)和林边缘(T2S)]、搭建50%透光率遮荫网下单作模式(T3M)、无修剪橡胶树为对照(CK)[林中心(CKM)、林边缘(CKS)],观测不同光生境内光照强度(Lux)和光合有效辐射(PAR)的日变化规律情况,并测定不同光生境处理下珠芽黄魔芋3个时期(换头期、膨大期、成熟期)的光合参数[净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci蒸腾速率(Tr)]、叶绿素荧光参数[最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子产量(YII)、最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)、半饱和光强(Ik)]、光合色素参数[叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl a+b)、叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b)],比较各光生境模式下球茎产量的变化。结果表明:各光生境模式下Lux和PAR的日变化规律基本一致,均呈“单峰型”。各光生境模式处理的光合参数(PnGsTrCi)差异显著,与CK处理相比较,3个时期T3M处理的PnGsTr均显著最高,其次换头期和膨大期T1、T2处理的PnGsTr均显著高于CK处理;各光生境模式处理的叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、YII、ETRmax和IK)均显著高于CK处理;各光生境模式处理的光合色素参数(Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b)变化不规律,3个时期T2、CK处理的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b均高于T1和T3处理,各处理的Chl a/b均显著高于CK处理。从各间作模式处理下林中心和林边缘的光照强度及产量比较来看,林中心高于林边缘。经比较,各间作模式处理均提高了魔芋光合特性及产量,而修剪橡胶树模式T1处理最明显,达到了人工搭建遮荫网下单作相近的效果。因此,生产中针对橡胶林或巨菌草行间种植魔芋,需要对橡胶树树冠采取修剪或其他措施改善光照条件,同时,巨菌草行间间作模式需要增加施肥量及合理配置作物种植距离和方向,才能有效缓解日光直射对魔芋植株的灼伤,并有效促进魔芋生长和提高光合效率,进而提高作物产量和土地利用率。

, authors=

原慧芳(1978—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带植物生理生态。

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* 岩香甩(YAN Xiangshuai),E-mail:
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原慧芳(1978—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带植物生理生态。

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原慧芳(1978—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:热带植物生理生态。

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Effects of different light qualities on growth and yield of Amorphophallus albus[J]. Journal of Changjiang Vegetables, 2015, 2: 32-35. 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Effects of different field collocation patterns on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation and yield in intercropping soybean[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2020, 35(2): 107-116. 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不同大写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=rIPOChkOIIj5C/cY/NdmmA==, figureFileBig=vvuvU5OtQQlqtDSSPB+WcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276530054192558909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Physical and chemical properties of soil foundation in experimental sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cmpHOM/(g·kg–1)TN/(g·kg–1)TP/(g·kg–1)TK/(g·kg–1)AN/(mg·kg–1)AP/(mg·kg–1)AK/(mg·kg–1)
0~204.3421.271.860.4211.0488.0912.03212.16
20~404.2017.751.710.3912.2783.1210.25202.93
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054251279166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验地土壤基础理化性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layer/cmpHOM/(g·kg–1)TN/(g·kg–1)TP/(g·kg–1)TK/(g·kg–1)AN/(mg·kg–1)AP/(mg·kg–1)AK/(mg·kg–1)
0~204.3421.271.860.4211.0488.0912.03212.16
20~404.2017.751.710.3912.2783.1210.25202.93
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054351942463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Diurnal changes of light intensity (Lux) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under different light conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054419051328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同光生境模式下光照强度(Lux)和光合有效辐射(PAR)日变化特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054519714625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Comparison of photosynthetic parameters of A. muelleri leaves at three stages under different light conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentPn/(µmol·m-2·s-1)Gs/(mol·m-2·s-1)
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM12.28±0.29Ac6.05±0.22Bd6.54±0.26Bb0.07±0.006Be0.05±0.001Cd0.12±0.004Aab
CKS12.05±0.44Ac4.93±0.16Be5.77±0.28Bc0.10±0.006Ad0.04±0.005Be0.11±0.003Ab
T1M14.63±0.19Ab9.18±0.49Bbc5.21±0.16Cc0.14±0.005Ac0.11±0.004Bb0.06±0.002Cc
T1S13.75±0.55Ab9.99±0.41Bb4.09±0.37Cd0.18±0.002Ab0.09±0.002Bc0.03±0.003Cd
T2M12.20±0.42Ac8.18±0.38Bc4.18±0.35Cd0.24±0.007Aa0.14±0.006Ba0.03±0.002Cd
T2S11.69±0.58Ac8.72±0.21Bc3.10±0.21Cd0.17±0.009Ab0.12±0.003Bb0.07±0.009Cc
T3M17.53±0.35Aa11.28±0.32Ba9.78±0.19Ca0.18±0.002Ab0.14±0.005Ba0.13±0.004Ba
处理TreatmentTr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Ci/(µmol·mol-1)
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM1.10±0.068Bf0.67±0.01Cd1.35±0.017Ab161.64±4.04Cd202.23±5.01Bd289.67±5.15Aa
CKS1.30±0.064Ae0.51±0.06Be1.26±0.029Ab170.98±10.15Bd301.46±18.62Aa299.91±2.84Aa
T1M1.91±0.047Ad1.25±0.03Bb0.80±0.027Cc209.69±9.47Cc238.50±6.07Bc273.07±9.05Aab
T1S2.21±0.026Abc1.12±0.03Bc0.77±0.031Cc245.11±5.01Ab204.79±10.03Bd151.99±24.42Cd
T2M2.78±0.043Aa1.47±0.03Ba1.36±0.027Bb294.07±2.26Aa277.19±9.32ABb238.24±13.93Bc
T2S2.17±0.081Ac1.27±0.01Bb0.47±0.08Cd256.34±2.29Ab259.03±5.07Abc286.37±19.01Aa
T3M2.36±0.017Ab1.55±0.04Ca1.64±0.028Ba200.05±4.81Bc241.77±3.66Ac249.24±5.67bAc
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054628766530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同光生境模式下3个时期魔芋叶片光合参数比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentPn/(µmol·m-2·s-1)Gs/(mol·m-2·s-1)
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM12.28±0.29Ac6.05±0.22Bd6.54±0.26Bb0.07±0.006Be0.05±0.001Cd0.12±0.004Aab
CKS12.05±0.44Ac4.93±0.16Be5.77±0.28Bc0.10±0.006Ad0.04±0.005Be0.11±0.003Ab
T1M14.63±0.19Ab9.18±0.49Bbc5.21±0.16Cc0.14±0.005Ac0.11±0.004Bb0.06±0.002Cc
T1S13.75±0.55Ab9.99±0.41Bb4.09±0.37Cd0.18±0.002Ab0.09±0.002Bc0.03±0.003Cd
T2M12.20±0.42Ac8.18±0.38Bc4.18±0.35Cd0.24±0.007Aa0.14±0.006Ba0.03±0.002Cd
T2S11.69±0.58Ac8.72±0.21Bc3.10±0.21Cd0.17±0.009Ab0.12±0.003Bb0.07±0.009Cc
T3M17.53±0.35Aa11.28±0.32Ba9.78±0.19Ca0.18±0.002Ab0.14±0.005Ba0.13±0.004Ba
处理TreatmentTr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Ci/(µmol·mol-1)
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM1.10±0.068Bf0.67±0.01Cd1.35±0.017Ab161.64±4.04Cd202.23±5.01Bd289.67±5.15Aa
CKS1.30±0.064Ae0.51±0.06Be1.26±0.029Ab170.98±10.15Bd301.46±18.62Aa299.91±2.84Aa
T1M1.91±0.047Ad1.25±0.03Bb0.80±0.027Cc209.69±9.47Cc238.50±6.07Bc273.07±9.05Aab
T1S2.21±0.026Abc1.12±0.03Bc0.77±0.031Cc245.11±5.01Ab204.79±10.03Bd151.99±24.42Cd
T2M2.78±0.043Aa1.47±0.03Ba1.36±0.027Bb294.07±2.26Aa277.19±9.32ABb238.24±13.93Bc
T2S2.17±0.081Ac1.27±0.01Bb0.47±0.08Cd256.34±2.29Ab259.03±5.07Abc286.37±19.01Aa
T3M2.36±0.017Ab1.55±0.04Ca1.64±0.028Ba200.05±4.81Bc241.77±3.66Ac249.24±5.67bAc
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054704264003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Comparison of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of A. muelleri leaves at three stages under different light conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentFv/FmYII
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM0.789±0.002Ab0.779±0.010Ab0.733±0.020Bb0.586±0.010Ac0.522±0.045ABb0.371±0.073Bb
CKS0.794±0.001Aab0.785±0.003Aab0.747±0.010Bb0.570±0.003Ac0.561±0.023Ab0.342±0.016Bb
T1M0.800±0.003Aa0.791±0.006aAb0.763±0.004Bab0.647±0.015Aab0.647±0.028Aa0.476±0.050Bab
T1S0.802±0.004Aa0.796±0.002Aab0.780±0.011Aa0.645±0.008Aab0.629±0.005Aa0.527±0.058Ba
T2M0.796±0.008Aab0.791±0.004Aab0.761±0.017Bab0.627±0.013Ab0.631±0.011Aa0.595±0.036Ba
T2S0.797±0.001Aab0.794±0.005Aab0.778±0.009Aa0.655±0.006Aab0.652±0.009Aa0.606±0.014Ba
T3M0.789±0.003ABb0.800±0.006Aa0.767±0.014Bab0.670±0.004Aa0.685±0.003Aa0.568±0.037Ba
处理TreatmentETRmax/(µmol·m-2·s-1)IK/(µmol·m-2·s-1)
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM70.97±2.32Ad59.80±7.68ABd38.40±10.23Bc176.30±6.91Ad142.93±20.47ABc88.47±24.62Bb
CKS80.20±1.78Ad66.60±4.47Bcd35.00±2.15Cc212.03±5.67Acd159.10±15.88Bc84.97±5.46Cb
T1M115.00±4.48ABb128.67±16.18Aa103.20±11.51Ba333.57±21.83ABb365.17±49.52Aa300.50±36.98Ba
T1S132.10±6.85Aa100.67±5.58Babc101.23±4.06Bab397.43±31.54Aa270.90±16.82Bab306.33±17.22Ba
T2M94.73±1.43Ac94.43±11.05Abc49.07±9.35Bc245.93±9.65Ac247.60±40.25Abc135.36±25.70Bb
T2S94.27±3.32Ac90.17±3.58Abcd61.97±9.04Bc242.40±16.22Ac226.63±12.68ABbc154.42±19.11Bb
T3M111.43±4.41Ab117.07±16.08Aab68.20±10.06Bbc300.87±15.31ABb316.67±50.341Aab184.57±25.79Bb
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054783955780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同光生境模式下3个时期魔芋叶片叶绿素荧光参数比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentFv/FmYII
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM0.789±0.002Ab0.779±0.010Ab0.733±0.020Bb0.586±0.010Ac0.522±0.045ABb0.371±0.073Bb
CKS0.794±0.001Aab0.785±0.003Aab0.747±0.010Bb0.570±0.003Ac0.561±0.023Ab0.342±0.016Bb
T1M0.800±0.003Aa0.791±0.006aAb0.763±0.004Bab0.647±0.015Aab0.647±0.028Aa0.476±0.050Bab
T1S0.802±0.004Aa0.796±0.002Aab0.780±0.011Aa0.645±0.008Aab0.629±0.005Aa0.527±0.058Ba
T2M0.796±0.008Aab0.791±0.004Aab0.761±0.017Bab0.627±0.013Ab0.631±0.011Aa0.595±0.036Ba
T2S0.797±0.001Aab0.794±0.005Aab0.778±0.009Aa0.655±0.006Aab0.652±0.009Aa0.606±0.014Ba
T3M0.789±0.003ABb0.800±0.006Aa0.767±0.014Bab0.670±0.004Aa0.685±0.003Aa0.568±0.037Ba
处理TreatmentETRmax/(µmol·m-2·s-1)IK/(µmol·m-2·s-1)
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM70.97±2.32Ad59.80±7.68ABd38.40±10.23Bc176.30±6.91Ad142.93±20.47ABc88.47±24.62Bb
CKS80.20±1.78Ad66.60±4.47Bcd35.00±2.15Cc212.03±5.67Acd159.10±15.88Bc84.97±5.46Cb
T1M115.00±4.48ABb128.67±16.18Aa103.20±11.51Ba333.57±21.83ABb365.17±49.52Aa300.50±36.98Ba
T1S132.10±6.85Aa100.67±5.58Babc101.23±4.06Bab397.43±31.54Aa270.90±16.82Bab306.33±17.22Ba
T2M94.73±1.43Ac94.43±11.05Abc49.07±9.35Bc245.93±9.65Ac247.60±40.25Abc135.36±25.70Bb
T2S94.27±3.32Ac90.17±3.58Abcd61.97±9.04Bc242.40±16.22Ac226.63±12.68ABbc154.42±19.11Bb
T3M111.43±4.41Ab117.07±16.08Aab68.20±10.06Bbc300.87±15.31ABb316.67±50.341Aab184.57±25.79Bb
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054855258949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Comparison of photosynthetic pigment parameters of A. muelleri leaves at three stages under different light conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentChl a/(mg·g-1)Chl b/(mg·g-1)
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM1.20±0.07Ab1.28±0.03Aa1.09±0.14Aa0.56±0.03Ba1.03±0.11Aa0.48±0.08Ba
CKS1.24±0.05Ab1.27±0.02Aa1.20±0.05Aa0.59±0.05Ba0.97±0.06Aab0.54±0.04Ba
T1M1.13±0.11Ab1.12±0.12Ab0.99±0.06Aa0.46±0.07Aab0.55±0.12Ad0.40±0.03Aa
T1S1.21±0.04bAB1.26±0.02Aab0.96±0.12Ba0.49±0.03Bab0.79±0.04Abc0.40±0.05Ba
T2M1.64±0.06Aa1.28±0.03Ba1.14±0.03Ca0.50±0.04Bab0.88±0.03Aabc0.48±0.03Ba
T2S1.17±0.07ABb1.24±0.02Aab1.02±0.06Ba0.49±0.05Aab0.69±0.06Acd0.42±0.02Aa
T3M1.08±0.05ABb1.25±0.03Aab0.99±0.08Ba0.41±0.03Bb0.72±0.04Acd0.40±0.04Ba
处理TreatmentChl a+b/(mg·g-1)Chl a/b
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM1.76±0.09Bb2.31±0.12Aa1.57±0.23Ba2.15±0.06Ac1.27±0.14Bd2.32±0.13Aab
CKS1.83±0.10Bab2.23±0.07Aab1.74±0.09Ba2.11±0.09Ac1.32±0.07Bcd2.21±0.07Ab
T1M1.59±0.18ABb1.67±0.22Ac1.40±0.07Ba2.48±0.13Abc2.12±0.26Ba2.46±0.03Aa
T1S1.70±0.06ABb2.05±0.04Aab1.36±0.17Ba2.47±0.06Abc1.61±0.09Bbcd2.43±0.05Aa
T2M2.14±0.08Aa2.16±0.06Aab1.62±0.05Ba3.32±0.26Aa1.46±0.05Cbcd2.38±0.04Bab
T2S1.67±0.06ABb1.93±0.05Abc1.44±0.09Ba2.40±0.12Abc1.83±0.16Bab2.44±0.05Aa
T3M1.49±0.08Bb1.97±0.06Aabc1.39±0.12Ba2.67±15.31Ab1.75±0.09Babc2.48±0.06Aa
), ArticleFig(id=1276530054922367814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276530038837211904, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同光同光生境模式处理下3个时期魔芋叶片光合色素参数比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentChl a/(mg·g-1)Chl b/(mg·g-1)
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM1.20±0.07Ab1.28±0.03Aa1.09±0.14Aa0.56±0.03Ba1.03±0.11Aa0.48±0.08Ba
CKS1.24±0.05Ab1.27±0.02Aa1.20±0.05Aa0.59±0.05Ba0.97±0.06Aab0.54±0.04Ba
T1M1.13±0.11Ab1.12±0.12Ab0.99±0.06Aa0.46±0.07Aab0.55±0.12Ad0.40±0.03Aa
T1S1.21±0.04bAB1.26±0.02Aab0.96±0.12Ba0.49±0.03Bab0.79±0.04Abc0.40±0.05Ba
T2M1.64±0.06Aa1.28±0.03Ba1.14±0.03Ca0.50±0.04Bab0.88±0.03Aabc0.48±0.03Ba
T2S1.17±0.07ABb1.24±0.02Aab1.02±0.06Ba0.49±0.05Aab0.69±0.06Acd0.42±0.02Aa
T3M1.08±0.05ABb1.25±0.03Aab0.99±0.08Ba0.41±0.03Bb0.72±0.04Acd0.40±0.04Ba
处理TreatmentChl a+b/(mg·g-1)Chl a/b
换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturaty stage
CKM1.76±0.09Bb2.31±0.12Aa1.57±0.23Ba2.15±0.06Ac1.27±0.14Bd2.32±0.13Aab
CKS1.83±0.10Bab2.23±0.07Aab1.74±0.09Ba2.11±0.09Ac1.32±0.07Bcd2.21±0.07Ab
T1M1.59±0.18ABb1.67±0.22Ac1.40±0.07Ba2.48±0.13Abc2.12±0.26Ba2.46±0.03Aa
T1S1.70±0.06ABb2.05±0.04Aab1.36±0.17Ba2.47±0.06Abc1.61±0.09Bbcd2.43±0.05Aa
T2M2.14±0.08Aa2.16±0.06Aab1.62±0.05Ba3.32±0.26Aa1.46±0.05Cbcd2.38±0.04Bab
T2S1.67±0.06ABb1.93±0.05Abc1.44±0.09Ba2.40±0.12Abc1.83±0.16Bab2.44±0.05Aa
T3M1.49±0.08Bb1.97±0.06Aabc1.39±0.12Ba2.67±15.31Ab1.75±0.09Babc2.48±0.06Aa
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不同光生境模式下珠芽黄魔芋光合特征及产量的比较研究
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原慧芳 1 , 李金威 1 , 徐素素 2 , 阮彦伟 1 , 陈明惠 1 , 岩香甩 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(6): 1416-1428
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (6) : 1416 -1428
不同光生境模式下珠芽黄魔芋光合特征及产量的比较研究
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原慧芳1, 李金威1, 徐素素2, 阮彦伟1, 陈明惠1, 岩香甩1, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室/云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100
  • 2.云南农业大学,云南昆明 650201
通讯作者:
* 岩香甩(YAN Xiangshuai),E-mail:
Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Amorphophallus muelleri in Different Light Conditions
Huifang YUAN1, Jinwei LI1, Susu XU2, Yanwei RUAN1, Minghui CHEN1, Xiangshuai YAN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree / Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
  • 2.Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
出版时间: 2025-06-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.014
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为探究不同光生境模式下珠芽黄魔芋(Amorphophallus muelleri)光合特征及产量的变化特征,设置3种魔芋间作模式7种光生境处理:修剪橡胶树间作模式T1[林中心(T1M)和林边缘(T1S)]、巨菌草行间间作模式T2[林中心(T2M)和林边缘(T2S)]、搭建50%透光率遮荫网下单作模式(T3M)、无修剪橡胶树为对照(CK)[林中心(CKM)、林边缘(CKS)],观测不同光生境内光照强度(Lux)和光合有效辐射(PAR)的日变化规律情况,并测定不同光生境处理下珠芽黄魔芋3个时期(换头期、膨大期、成熟期)的光合参数[净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci蒸腾速率(Tr)]、叶绿素荧光参数[最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子产量(YII)、最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)、半饱和光强(Ik)]、光合色素参数[叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl a+b)、叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b)],比较各光生境模式下球茎产量的变化。结果表明:各光生境模式下Lux和PAR的日变化规律基本一致,均呈“单峰型”。各光生境模式处理的光合参数(PnGsTrCi)差异显著,与CK处理相比较,3个时期T3M处理的PnGsTr均显著最高,其次换头期和膨大期T1、T2处理的PnGsTr均显著高于CK处理;各光生境模式处理的叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、YII、ETRmax和IK)均显著高于CK处理;各光生境模式处理的光合色素参数(Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b)变化不规律,3个时期T2、CK处理的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b均高于T1和T3处理,各处理的Chl a/b均显著高于CK处理。从各间作模式处理下林中心和林边缘的光照强度及产量比较来看,林中心高于林边缘。经比较,各间作模式处理均提高了魔芋光合特性及产量,而修剪橡胶树模式T1处理最明显,达到了人工搭建遮荫网下单作相近的效果。因此,生产中针对橡胶林或巨菌草行间种植魔芋,需要对橡胶树树冠采取修剪或其他措施改善光照条件,同时,巨菌草行间间作模式需要增加施肥量及合理配置作物种植距离和方向,才能有效缓解日光直射对魔芋植株的灼伤,并有效促进魔芋生长和提高光合效率,进而提高作物产量和土地利用率。

光生境模式  /  橡胶林  /  间作模式  /  珠芽黄魔芋  /  光合特征  /  产量

The study was aimed to explore the photosynthetic characteristics and yield underground corm of Amorphophallus muelleri under different light conditions. Three intercrop modes of A. muelleri, pruned rubber tree intercrop mode T1 [forest center (T1M) and forest edge (T1S)], interrow mode of puelia T2[forest center (T2M) and edge (T2S)], 50% light transmittance shade mode T3M, no pruning rubber tree (CK)[forest center (CKM) and edge (CKS)] were used. The light intensity (Lux) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in different light conditions were measured. The daily variation pattern of A. muelleri, photosynthetic parameters [net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr)], chlorophyll fluorescence parameters [maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical quantum yield(YII), maximum electron transfer rate (ETRmax), half-saturation light intensity (Ik)], photosynthetic pigment parameters [chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b(Chl b), total chlorophyll (Chl a+b), chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b)] were measured at three stages (head changing stage, corm expansion stage, maturity stage). The yield of underground corm under different light conditions was compared. The results showed that daily variations of Lux and PAR were basically consistent under light conditions, showing “unimodal”modes. There were significant differences in the photosynthetic parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr, and Ci) among different light conditions. Compared with CK, Pn, Gs, and Tr of the T3M were the significantly highest in all three stages. During the head changing and corm expansion stages, Pn, Gs, Tr of the T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those of CK; The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, YII, ETRmax, IK) of each light conditions were significantly higher than those of CK; The changes in photosynthetic pigment parameters (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b, Chl a/b) of various conditions were irregular. The Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b of T2 and CK were higher than those of T1 and T3 at all three stages, and Chl a/b of all treatments was significantly higher than those of CK. From the comparison of light intensity and yield between the forest center and edge under conditions, it can be seen that the forest center is higher than the forest edge. After comparing the implementation effects of various intercropping modes, it can be seen that all treatments have improved the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of A. muelleri, while the pruned rubber tree modes T1 treatment is most obvious, and achieved the similar effect of single cropping under artificial shade. Therefore, in rubber tree production, pruning measures or other measures is needed to improve the light conditions and replace monoculture artificial shade for planting A. muelleri. The intercrop mode of puelia requires increase in fertilizer application and a reasonable allocation of crop distance direction to effectively alleviate the burns caused by direct sunlight on A. muelleri plants, and improve photosynthetic efficiency, thereby increasing crop yield and land use efficiency.

different light conditions  /  rubber forest  /  intercrop mode  /  Amorphophallus muelleri  /  photosynthetic characteristics  /  yield
原慧芳, 李金威, 徐素素, 阮彦伟, 陈明惠, 岩香甩. 不同光生境模式下珠芽黄魔芋光合特征及产量的比较研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (6) : 1416 -1428 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.014
Huifang YUAN, Jinwei LI, Susu XU, Yanwei RUAN, Minghui CHEN, Xiangshuai YAN. Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Amorphophallus muelleri in Different Light Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (6) : 1416 -1428 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.014
魔芋是天南星科(Araceae)魔芋属(Amorphophallus Blume)的多年生变态地下茎草本植物。因魔芋叶片怕高温烈日暴晒,喜温暖和高湿,喜散射光和弱光,是一种典型的喜阴作物[1-2]。人工搭建遮荫棚种植魔芋需要高成本的投入,且目前面临着非粮化和土地紧缺危机。而热带雨林非常适宜珠芽黄魔芋的生长,这恰好与热区橡胶树生长环境相互补。西双版纳州光热资源条件丰富,具备发展复合式农林业的自然和生态条件。因此,针对当地种植规模最大的人工橡胶林,发展林下耐荫经济作物有非常大的发展空间。然而一般常规模式的橡胶树定植3~4 a后就持续封行出现阴蔽环境,致使林下间作作物往往因光照不足而长势不佳[3-4]。光是作物进行光合作用的能量来源,既为作物生长提供能量,又是调节作物生长发育各项进程的信号。研究发现,间作模式引起光时、光强、光质等冠层微环境变化,进而影响作物形态建成和光合生理特性的改变[5-6]。前期不少研究结果也表明,间作模式中树种搭配、种植密度和喜阴喜阳习性等均是影响作物生产的关键因素,其区域内冠层结构的合理搭配,树种、行向、株行距受光分布情况不同而直接影响作物的光合特性,进而决定着作物产量的高低[7-8]。就橡胶林下间作魔芋的研究结果表明,3 a树龄橡胶林下魔芋的净光合速率高于4 a和5 a树龄,胶园宽窄行比常规模式更利于魔芋产量、品质及抗倒伏能力的提高[9-10]。可见,光环境是作物生长发育的重要生态环境因素之一,而太阳辐射又是决定作物光合作用和产量的关键因素之一[11-12]。所以,了解其生境光照的合理分布情况,得出最佳的配置模式,对提高间作物产量具有重要意义。
近年来,西双版纳州等多地为增加土地利用率进行了橡胶林下经济作物种植的研究,因珠芽黄魔芋(以下简称“魔芋”)生长优势较明显,受到当地广泛种植推广。部分学者在云南景洪市和海南儋州市的胶园林下也进行了魔芋种植及球茎产量的比较研究。结果发现,由于光照条件的影响,5 a比12 a树龄胶园更有利于提高魔芋球茎产量。成龄胶园树冠下光照强度较弱,直射光减少,而散射光、折射光增多,不利于光合产物的合成和分配,致使魔芋产量和品质明显下降[13-15]。黄坚雄等[16]在宽窄行模式的胶园内选择种植直立型橡胶树品种,以减轻成龄胶园宽行中的区域出现持续阴蔽环境而影响作物生长,研究结果证实,虽然该措施比常规胶园内的光照条件得到明显改善,但还是发现更适宜间作阳生作物。因此,针对人工林采取修剪措施显得非常必要,不仅可减轻间作物的遮光胁迫,还能提高间作物的光合速率,进而保证间作作物产量的稳定[17-18]。岩所等[19]的研究结果表明,将魔芋间作在喜温暖和强光的高杆玉米行间,可为矮秆魔芋起到一定遮荫效果,促进了魔芋生长。但玉米的播期和生长周期是影响魔芋生物性状的主要限制因素。本研究在前期研究的基础上作进一步改进,对宽行密植的成龄橡胶树采取修剪措施和采用生长高于玉米且周期长的巨菌草下间作魔芋,观测对比不同光生境模式下魔芋叶片的光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量及球茎产量的变化,摸清不同生境模式下光照强度和光合特征及产量之间的相互关系,比较不同间作模式处理与人工搭建遮荫网下单作魔芋处理的差距。结合魔芋种植成为当地扶贫特色产业主推项目的基础上,同时比较分析不同光生境模式下魔芋3个关键时期光合特性及产量的变化规律,进一步解析复合系统的光能利用效率情况,为后续魔芋林下推广种植产业的快速发展提供一定的科学依据。
试验于2021—2022年在云南省景洪市云南省热带作物科学研究所五队试验示范基地(22°00′49″N,100°45′51″E)进行。该地海拔570 m,属于北热带西南季风气候,一年中有明显的旱季(11月至次年4月)和雨季(5—10月),年平均气温为18.6~21.9 ℃,年平均降水量为1200~1700 mm,年平均日照为1800~2300 h,相对湿度80%~86%,≥10 ℃的年平均积温5062~8000 ℃,土壤基础理化性状为有机质(organic matter,OM)、全氮(total nitrogen,TN)、全磷(total phosphorus,TP)、全钾(total kalium,TK)、碱解氮(available nitrogen,AN)、有效磷(available phosphorus,AP)、有效钾(available kalium,AK)含量见表1[20]
采用随机区组设计,设置3种魔芋间作模式7种光生境处理:修剪橡胶树间作模式T1[林中心(T1M)、林边缘(T1S)],巨菌草行间间作模式T2[林中心(T2M)、林边缘(T2S)],搭建50%透光率遮荫网下单作模式(T3M),以1985年定植的宽行密株(20 m×2 m)无修剪南北行向橡胶林为对照(CK)[林中心(CKM)、林边缘(CKS)]。每处理重复3次,共选21个小区,每小区面积约62 m2(长16 m×宽1.3 m×3垄)。魔芋种植与橡胶树、巨菌草的距离分别为2.5 m和30 cm。T1处理按行间种植魔芋12垄,林中心选在第5~8垄,林边缘选在第1~4垄和第9~12垄;T2处理按平地种植1带(宽1 m,)巨菌草行内间作魔芋3垄,依次排序,林中心选第2垄,林边缘选第1、3垄;CK处理同上行间种植魔芋12垄,林中心选在第5~8垄,林边缘选在第1~4垄和第9~12垄。魔芋的种植行向与橡胶树或巨菌草树带均一致。每小区选取长势相近、充分伸展、无病虫害的健康叶3片进行标注,测定各项指标,重复3次。
以珠芽黄魔芋栽培种弥勒魔芋(Amorphophallus muelleri)的叶面珠芽(规格为1~2 g/颗)为试种材料;在橡胶林和巨菌草行间进行平行起垄种植,垄面1 m,垄高30 cm,沟宽30 cm,魔芋种植按株行距20 cm×25 cm,深度10 cm进行播种;巨菌草种植于魔芋种植前半年,将截取含有1~2个隐头芽的茎段,按行距50 cm横向(放置至未起垄1 m预留位置的正中间,覆土压实,依次按上面种植1带巨菌草茎段间作魔芋3垄顺序。间作和单作魔芋的株行距及管理方式均一致。
(1)不同光生境下光照强度测定。利用HR-450植物照明检测计(台湾海博特)测定各光生境模式下光谱(380~780 nm)的光照强度(Lux)和光合有效辐射(PAR)。每个处理测3个点,8:00—18:00每个测定地点2 h测定1次,每次取3个值,连续观测3 d。每个光生境测定高度一致(模拟魔芋生长高度),并且在相同时段进行连续测定。
(2)光合气体交换参数的测定。分别在魔芋换头期(7月)、膨大期(9月)和成熟期(11月)。采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪(LI-COR,美国)对主干顶蓬完全展开健康叶片进行标记测定:净光合速率(Net photosynthetic rate,Pn)、气孔导度(Stomatal conductance,Gs)、蒸腾速率(Transpiration rate,Tr)和胞间CO2浓度(Intercellular CO2 concentration,Ci)。使用开放气路,空气流速为500 μmol/s,叶温28 ℃,相对湿度80%,CO2浓度设定在400 μmol/moL,光强800 μmol/(m2 s),每处理选9株,3次重复。测定时间选择在晴天上午8:30—12:00(下同)。
(3)叶绿素荧光参数的测定。3个时期采用PAM-2500便携式荧光仪(WALZ,德国)对以上标记的健康叶暗适应20 min后再进行测定:最大光化学效率(Maximum photochemical efficiency,Fv/Fm)和实际光化学量子产量(Actual photochemical quantum yield,YII)。每次测定前将叶片后设置14个[0、6、40、88、140、196、276、380、509、666、872、1110、1376、1642 μmol/(m2·s)]梯度光化学强度,每个梯度持续时间30 s,经软件WinControl-3.25自动拟合可得到快速光响应曲线的最大电子传递速率(Maximum electron transfer rate,ETRmax)和半饱和光强(Half-saturation light intensity,Ik)等参数。
(4)叶绿素含量参数的测定。测定完上述各项指标后,选早上8:30左右对各光生境处理标记的健康叶片剪至密封袋中,迅速带回室内采用直接浸提法[21]进行叶绿素含量(Chl)测定。用UV-2300型可见光光度计(上海天美)对95%乙醇提取液在663 nm和645 nm的光照吸光度下进行测定。并计算求出叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl a+b)、叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b)。
(5)球茎产量测定。于12月魔芋倒苗两周后,将魔芋地下球茎挖出,每处理选30株进行称重,3次重复,最后统计结果。
利用SPSS 22.0统计软件对试验数据进行处理和统计分析,采用Duncan’s法进行方差多重比较(P<0.05),使用Sigmaplot 12.0软件完成绘图。结果以平均值±标准误显示。
不同光生境模式处理下光照强度(Lux)和光合有效辐射(PAR)的日变化趋势均呈“单峰型”(表2)。Lux和PAR从早上8:00开始不断升高,至12:00出现峰值后下降,至16:00—18:00降至全白天的最小值,5个时段差异显著,其时段高低顺序依次为12:00—14:00>10:00 —12:00>14:00—16:00>8:00—10:00>16:00—18:00;同一时段不同处理的Lux和PAR差异显著,8:00—10:00、10:00—12:00、16:00—18:00时段T2处理均显著最高,而在12:00—14:00、14:00—16:00时段T3处理显著最高,其次是所有时段的T1处理,而所有时段内CK处理均显著最低;从间作模式处理中林中心和林边缘的Lux和PAR相比较来看,各生境处理间变化趋势不一致,林中心T1处理在8:00—10:00、10:00—12:00和12:00—14:00时段均高于林边缘,而14:00—16:00和16:00—18:00时段则相反,林中心均低于林边缘。T2处理除8:00—10:00时段为林中心低于林边缘外,其他时段均为林中心高于林边缘。
不同光生境模式处理下3个时期魔芋叶片的光合参数(PnGsTrCi)变化趋势相类似(表3)。同一时期不同处理的光合参数差异显著,3个时期T3M处理的PnGsTr均显著最高,其次换头期和膨大期时T1、T2处理的PnGsTr均显著高于CK处理,而成熟期T1、T2处理的PnGsTr显著低于CK处理。3个时期各处理的Ci差异不显著,T2S和CKS处理的Ci显著高于其他处理,但处理间差异不显著。可见,随着生育期的推进,除了成熟期CK处理的PnGsTr高于其他处理外,换头期和膨大期各处理的PnGsTr均高于CK处理;同一处理下不同时期的各光合参数差异显著,换头期叶片的PnGsTr均显著最高,其次是膨大期,而成熟期显著最低。换头期的Ci显著低于膨大期和成熟期,而膨大期和成熟期处理间差异不显著。从各间作模式处理的林中心和林边缘的光合参数相比较来看,除了换头期和膨大期T1和T2处理的PnGsTr表现为林中心稍低于林边缘的值外,而其他间作模式处理的PnGsTr在各时期均为林中心高于林边缘,而CK处理的Ci则相反,均为林中心低于林边缘,T1和T2处理的Ci变化差异不显著。
不同光生境模式处理下3个时期魔芋叶片的叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、YII、ETRmax和IK)变化趋势相类似(表4)。同一时期不同处理的荧光参数差异显著,3个时期各处理的Fv/Fm和YII均显著高于CK处理,而其他处理间差异不显著。3个时期T1和T3处理的ETRmax和IK显著最高,其次为T2处理,而CK处理显著最低。随着生育期的推进,T1和T3处理的Fv/Fm和YII变化趋势相似,且处理间差异显著,其高低顺序处理依次为T3>T1>T2>CK;同一处理不同时期的Fv/Fm、YII、ETRmax、IK均差异显著,换头期的Fv/Fm、YII、ETRmax、IK均显著最高,其次是膨大期,而成熟期显著最低;从各间作模式处理的林中心和林边缘的Fv/Fm、YII、ETRmax和IK相比较来看,换头期和膨大期各间作模式处理的Fv/Fm为林中心低于林边缘,而各处理的YII、ETRmax和IK在林中心和林边缘间无规律变化,且变化幅度不大。
不同光生境模式处理下3个时期魔芋叶片的光合色素参数(Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b和Chl a/b)变化趋势稍不同(表5)。同一时期不同处理的各参数差异显著,3个时期T2和CK处理的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b均高于T1和T3处理,各处理的Chl a/b均显著高于CK处理,除了T2M处理的Chla/b显著高于T1S外,其他处理间差异不显著。3个时期各处理的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b和Chl a/b无规律变化,且其间差异不显著;同一处理不同时期的光合色素参数差异显著,随着生育期的推进,膨大期各处理的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b呈上升趋势,而成熟期又呈下降趋势。各时期的Chl a+b均差异显著,各处理的Chl a/b为膨大期显著低于换头期和成熟期,而换头期和膨大期的Chl a、换头期和成熟期的Chl b和Chl a/b间均差异不显著;从各间作模式处理的林中心和林边缘的光合色素参数比较来看,3个时期各处理的Chl a、
Chl b、Chl a+b和Chl a/b在林中心和林边缘无规律变化,且其间差异不显著。
不同光生境模式下魔芋球茎产量比较结果见图1。各处理的球茎平均质量均显著高于CKM和CKS(82 g和69 g),T3M、T1M处理的球茎平均质量(260 g和255 g)均显著最高,其次是T1S和T2M处理的球茎平均质量(194 g和142 g),而T2S处理的球茎平均质量(103 g)显著最低。各间作模式处理的林中心和林边缘的球茎平均质量比较,除T3M处理的球茎平均质量最高外,各处理林中心的球茎平均质量均高于林边缘。经各间作模式处理的球茎平均质量与对照相比,T1M、T1S处理的增产效果最明显,比对照分别提高200%和140%以上,其次为T2M和T2S处理,比对照分别提高70%和25%,各生境处理下球茎平均质量高低顺序依次为T3M>T1M>T1S>T2M>T2S>CKM>CKS
因受太阳照射角度与树冠透光程度的不同,往往引起不同生境模式(林中心和林边缘)区域内的日变化光照强度和光合有效辐射表现明显差异[22]。本研究发现,随着时间的推移,不同光生境模式下光照强度和光合有效辐射均逐渐上升,至12:00—14:00为全天最高值,约为8:00—10:00的2倍以上,在下午14:00—16:00又逐渐下降,呈现出明显的全天单峰曲线。各处理在全天不同时间段下光照强度和光合有效辐射也发生明显变化,如T2处理在8:00—10:00和16:00—18:00时间段均显著最高,而T3处理在12:00—14:00、14:00—16:00时间段均最高,其次是T1处理明显高于CK处理,说明间作系统中冠层的光拦截程度不同,改变了入射光质量或光合有效辐射,使作物平面受光时间状态不同,从而导致各处理的光照强度和光合有效辐射也发生相应变化。这与张雯等[23]和田阳等[24]研究结果中的间作区域光照强弱不仅与上层树冠截光密切相关,而且树形结构对间作区域光环境也有不同影响的结论相同。T2处理在早上和下午均高,而在中午12:00—16:00时间段低于T3处理,说明间作区域内光照强度和光合有效辐射随太阳在天空中的位置出现动态位移现象,使强光生境区域内存在明显的时空异质性。而T3处理是搭建固定遮荫网使其透光率较均匀,进而使光照高峰期时段较其他间作生境模式内光照强度相比有所升高,而在其他时间段与T1处理的光照强度相近,表明T1处理的光环境可达到遮荫网下相近的光环境效果,较适宜魔芋生长的光环境。这与王兴祥等[25]的研究结果中间作系统中作物产量的高低,不仅与种植距离有关,而且与采取修剪措施后提高了光合有效辐射强度,进而使间作物产量得到提高的结论相类同。可见,同一时间点,魔芋距间作物的不同距离点,使区域内的光照强度和光合有效辐射变化幅度不同,且与环境参数等因素共同决定作物的生长发育。
光合作用的过程较为复杂,既受到植物自身结构的调节,也受到外界环境因素的影响[26-27]。本研究中,不同光生境模式下魔芋换头期和膨大期叶片的光合参数差异显著,T3处理魔芋叶片的光合参数表现最高,其次是T1处理,然后是T2处理,而CK处理均最低。因T1处理是通过采取修剪措施后使橡胶林内光照强度升高,光合有效辐射也相应增强,与T3处理相比,尽管光照分布也不均匀,但为最接近魔芋叶片光合作用的适宜光生境,这与云雷等[28]的研究结果相同。黄坚雄等[17]的研究结果显示,宽行密株模式的橡胶林内光照强度条件远优于常规模式的橡胶林,且明显增加了胶乳产量。可见,适当修剪措施有助于改善橡胶树林下光照和光质,明显提高了间作系统内作物的光捕获和利用效率。对于T2处理和CK处理的光合参数均低,表明不管是强光或弱光生境均不利于魔芋叶片的光合作用,通常间作区域内光照强度变化动态受太阳运行轨迹和树冠遮荫度的共同影响[29]。因受太阳照射角度与树冠透光程度的影响,使T2M和T2S处理区域内魔芋受光照强度及光照持续时间不同,进而引起魔芋叶片的光合参数也呈不稳定状态。随着生育期的推进,成熟期魔芋叶片生长减慢,其光合速率也随之降低,但CK处理叶片的光合参数均高于其他处理,表明高遮荫度延缓了魔芋叶片的衰老速度,加之遮荫会引起土壤水分蒸腾速率降低,使魔芋叶片能量获取速度减慢,进而延长了弱光环境下的捕光能力,并提高光能利用率以应对弱光环境[30-31]。可见,魔芋可在光环境幅度较大的范围中正常生长,但因光生境差异引起了光合速率的不同,进而使光合产物积累也明显不同。经比较,适度遮荫(50%~70%)促进魔芋的光合作用。对各间作魔芋模式光生境内林中心和林边缘光合参数相比较,魔芋叶片因受光空间和时间的不同而不同,使魔芋叶片的光合参数也相应发生变化。总体来看,离树体越近,光照强度和光合速率呈下降趋势。与郭佳欢等[32]研究的两行枣树间作冬小麦的种植模式,其间作巷道内冠层光合有效辐射截获量及产量均显著高于两侧,使遮阴区域冬小麦的光合物质受到明显抑制的结论相类似。
光合作用机理的生理状况变化可由叶绿素荧光参数反映。而光合色素又是绿色植物光合作用的基础,其含量的高低直接反映了叶片对光能的吸收和利用速率状况[33-35]。本研究中,各间作模式魔芋叶片的Fv/Fm、YII、ETRmax、IK均高于CK处理,而T1和T3处理高于T2处理。可见,随着遮荫度增加,魔芋叶片的PSII反应中心光合电子传递速率呈下降趋势,这进一步证明了适度遮光更利于魔芋叶片的光合作用[36],与魔芋的球茎产量密切相关。各光生境模式的叶绿素含量参数(Chl a、Chl b和Chl a+b和Chl a/b)变化差异不显著,T2和CK处理的Chl a、Chl b和Chl a+b均显著高于T1和T3,这证明了遮荫增加可促进叶绿素合成,植物在弱光环境中会诱导产生更多的叶绿素,而在强光环境中会加剧叶绿素分解的结论。如巨菌草间作魔芋区域内的受光截获量或辐射利用效率不均匀或较低,使魔芋叶片光合色素也发生了不规律变化。这与多个研究结果[37-38]相似,种植距离或冠层光照分布等交互作用原因使弱光环境下作物叶片的叶绿素含量显著高于自然光照下的单作模式。可见,作物叶片的叶绿素含量高低比例变化是为调整对光能的吸收和利用,以能维持叶片正常光合作用所需的能量。本研究中,魔芋不同时期的光合作用及光合色素对环境的光照时间长短、光强强弱、光照方向的变化也表现出适应性的反应,但光照过强或过弱都对魔芋造成或多或少的不利影响,而适量的光照可以明显促进魔芋叶片叶绿素的合成,提高光合速率和实际光化学效率。
通常农林间作模式中光能的竞争是导致作物产量下降的主要原因之一[39],因此,作物产量的高低取决于光能截获量和光能利用率[40]。本研究中,T3处理和T1处理的地下球茎产量均高于T2处理和CK处理3倍以上,说明适度遮荫明显促进了魔芋光合产物的积累,提高了球茎产量。而T2和CK处理的地下球茎产量均低,这可能是因为在实际生产中这2种模式下的光照强度分布过强或过弱所致明显影响产量的积累。另一方面因巨菌草为喜阳的禾本科作物,其生长旺盛,存在与魔芋争肥争水的因素。本研究中T3处理的地下球茎产量虽然最高,但需人工搭建遮荫网,不仅费工费力,使生产成本投入较高。虽然T1处理也存在费工费力问题,但若生产中大规模种植可统一采取机械化操作,可节约大量成本。因此,在生产中宽行密植的橡胶林下实施间作魔芋模式,推荐采取合理的修剪措施及保持树体种植距离,以减少光能竞争,提高间作物的产量,进而增加复合系统的产值。因农林间作系统中光能的竞争是影响作物产量高低的关键因素,提高林内的光合有效辐射是提高林下作物产量的关键,光线经过透射、吸收、反射通过叶幕层,到达冠层底部后辐射强度发生不可逆转的降低[23]。但极端光环境或持续时间长短均明显影响魔芋的光合能力,进而导致产量降低。如CK处理的魔芋植株也正常生长,但因遮荫郁闭过高且持续时间长,导致魔芋的光合有效辐射和产量显著下降。这与多个研究结果[41-42]中弱光导致作物籽粒干物质积累降低,粒重和产量均受到较大影响的结果相似。进一步验证了林下作物光合速率的高低决定着光合产物积累的多少的结论[43-44]。通过比较各间作模式处理的实施效果,各处理对魔芋叶片光合特性及产量的提高均有促进效应,而T1处理最明显,达到了人工搭建遮荫网下单作相近的效果。因此,针对橡胶林或巨菌草行间种植魔芋,需要对橡胶树树冠采取修剪措施或其他措施得以改善光照条件。同时,巨菌草行间间作模式需要增加施肥量及合理配置作物种植距离和方向,才能有效缓解日光直射对魔芋植株的灼伤,并有效促进魔芋生长和提高光合效率,进而提高作物产量和土地利用率。
  • 云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202101BD070001-102)
  • 省所热带作物科技创新专项(RF2025)
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2025年第46卷第6期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.06.014
  • 接收时间:2025-01-13
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13
  • 录用日期:2025-03-16
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云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202101BD070001-102)
省所热带作物科技创新专项(RF2025)
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    1.云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室/云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100
    2.云南农业大学,云南昆明 650201

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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