Article(id=1276262921730658960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714406400000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-30, revisedDate=1715616000000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782214392358, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782214392358, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782214392358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782214392358, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276262756814815737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1724515200000', pubDateStr='2024-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782214353040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782214460949, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1623, endPage=1632, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276262923370631826, articleId=1276262921730658960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Silica-calcium Fertilizer on Quality and Cell Wall Metabolism of Passion Fruit, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to find out the ratio of silicon and calcium fertilizer suitable for the cultivation of passion fruit in the low-heat valley area of Guizhou, this study took passion fruit Qinmi No. 9 as the test material. The experiment was conducted with 50 g of silicon fertilizer per plant before flowering, spraying calcium fertilizer about 10 days after flowering, spraying once every 15 days, spraying three times continuously, and the concentration of calcium fertilizer was 500 times, 1000 times and 1500 times. CK was used as the control group, which received no fertilizer application. The effects of different medium and micro fertilizers, as well as dosages, on the quality and related cell wall metabolism indexes of passion fruit were explored by applying silicon fertilizer to the soil and spraying calcium fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting periods. The aim was to screen for the best specialized silicon-calcium fertilizer formula. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the quality of passion fruit. The results showed that compared with the control, soil application of silicon fertilizer and spraying calcium fertilizer 1000 times combined application increased the single fruit weight, fruit hardness and fruit shape index of passion fruit. Additionally, they elevated the content of soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C (Vc), while reducing the content of titratable acidity (TA). Furthermore, there was an increase in soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein content (SP). Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were promoted. However, the activities of water-soluble pectin (WSP) content, cellulase (CX), polygalacturonase (PG), and pectin methylesterase (PME) decreased due to the increase in protopectin and cellulose in the peel, each index was significantly different from the control group. It shows that silicon-calcium fertilizer had the best effect on enhancing passion fruit quality and improving the mechanical strength, toughness and stability of peel. Compared to CK, the single fruit weight, fruit hardness, longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter increased by 11.15%, 27.18%, 6.23% and 3.29%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of TSS, Vc, SS and SP increased by 16.95%, 16.12%, 20.57% and 24.55%, respectively, while the content of TA decreased by 36.03%, and the activities of POD, SOD and CAT increased by 13.16%, 19.67% and 21.65%, respectively. The content of protopectin and cellulose in peel increased by 19.29% and 17.19%, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of WSP decreased by 10.63%, and the activities of CX, PG and PME decreased by 8.58%, 22.98% and 7.52%, respectively.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shilin BAI, Siyang OU, Xuelian YANG, Chunya JIANG, Xiaoyulong CHEN, Xiaojing HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaojing HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276262924469539484, articleId=1276262921730658960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=硅钙肥对百香果品质及细胞壁代谢的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探明适合贵州低热河谷地区栽培百香果的硅钙肥配比,本研究以钦蜜9号百香果为试材,试验设置为花前每株土施硅肥50 g,花后10 d左右喷施钙肥,间隔15 d喷1次,连续喷3次,钙肥浓度为500倍、1000倍、1500倍,以不施肥为对照。通过对百香果土施硅肥、花果期喷施钙肥,探究不同中微肥及其用量对百香果品质及细胞壁代谢的影响,并筛选最佳硅钙肥配方,旨在为提高百香果果实品质提供一定的理论依据和实践指导。结果表明:与对照相比,土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍配施能提高百香果的单果重、果实硬度、果实纵横径,增加果实的可溶性固形物(TSS)及Vc含量,减少可滴定酸(TA)含量;提高可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质含量(SP);促进过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;增加果皮中原果胶和纤维素含量,使水溶性果胶(WSP)含量、纤维素酶(CX)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)及果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性下降,且各指标与对照均存在显著差异。进而说明土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍配施能显著提高百香果果实品质及果皮机械强度、韧性及稳定性,与对照相比,果实单果重、果实硬度、纵径、横径分别增长11.15%、27.18%、6.23%、3.29%,TSS、Vc、SS、SP含量分别提高16.95%、16.12%、20.57%、24.55%,TA含量降低36.03%,POD、SOD、CAT活性分别提升13.16%、19.67%、21.65%,果皮中原果胶和纤维素含量分别增加19.29%和17.19%,WSP含量降低10.63%,CX、PG及PME活性分别下降8.58%、22.98%、7.52%。

, authors=

柏是林(2003—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物高效栽培利用。

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* 胡小京(HU Xiaojing),E-mail:
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柏是林(2003—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物高效栽培利用。

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柏是林(2003—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:园艺植物高效栽培利用。

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Effects of post-harvest heat treatment and calcium treatment on calcium morphology and cell wall metabolism of ‘Huangguan’ pear[J]. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2014, 41(2): 249-258. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Golden passion fruit high-density vertical curtain high-quality and high-yield cultivation technology, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276269233885548615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, awardId=黔科合支撑[2021]一般229, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般229), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276269233948463176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, awardId=32360705, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32360705), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276269234015572041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省省级科技特派员创新创业服务·培训示范点建设项目(百香果肥水一体化技术应用示范), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276269220824485895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269220832874504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, companyId=1276269220824485895, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269220841263113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, companyId=1276269220824485895, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276269220937732106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269220941926411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, companyId=1276269220937732106, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Teaching Experiment Farm, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269220950315020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, companyId=1276269220937732106, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵州大学教学实验场,贵州贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276269221021618190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269221030006799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, companyId=1276269221021618190, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269221038395408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, companyId=1276269221021618190, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.贵州大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳 550025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276269230832095289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Activities of POD, SOD and CAT activity in passion fruit treated with different silicon and calcium fertilizers

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=B+fgWyu8SX438soTsCwFSA==, figureFileBig=qTFnpWYLqUxAPga5dOpuTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269230907592762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同硅钙肥处理的百香果POD、SOD、CAT活性

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=B+fgWyu8SX438soTsCwFSA==, figureFileBig=qTFnpWYLqUxAPga5dOpuTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269231217971259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Cellulose content and CX activity of passion fruit treated with different silicon and calcium fertilizers

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=reVrD9GqGSeuc74IzVcUYg==, figureFileBig=gFcznDd+SrNH6n70pMm/lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269231301857340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同硅钙肥处理的百香果纤维素含量和CX活性

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=reVrD9GqGSeuc74IzVcUYg==, figureFileBig=gFcznDd+SrNH6n70pMm/lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269231360577597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Content of protopectin and WSP in passion fruit treated with different silicon and calcium fertilizers

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=oW0bc6T3lOUCaaxsrs0t7w==, figureFileBig=5Wte5+IZonkos0mh6t+aow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269231431880766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同硅钙肥处理的百香果原果胶和WSP含量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=oW0bc6T3lOUCaaxsrs0t7w==, figureFileBig=5Wte5+IZonkos0mh6t+aow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269233097019455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Activities of PG and PME in passion fruit treated with different silicon and calcium fertilizers

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=3/bidIhaBOObOL9SrnSOEw==, figureFileBig=rJjSjMoQmv5H458lGAldPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269233189294144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同硅钙肥处理的百香果PG和PME活性

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=3/bidIhaBOObOL9SrnSOEw==, figureFileBig=rJjSjMoQmv5H458lGAldPg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269233268985921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

External quality of passion fruit treated with different silicon and calcium fertilizers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment单果重Weight/g果实硬度Firmness/Pa纵径Vertical diameter/mm横径Transverse diameter/mm果形指数Fruit shape index
CK102.11±2.51b22.22±2.26c66.94±2.38c66.25±1.08b1.04±0.03a
P1110.40±3.11a24.38±2.42bc70.27±3.00ab67.02±1.14ab1.06±0.02a
P2110.33±2.22a28.15±2.38a69.58±1.44abc65.71±1.62b1.07±0.02a
P3113.50±3.74a28.26±1.36a71.11±1.80a68.43±0.96a1.05±0.01a
P4112.34±3.08a26.88±1.65ab69.07±2.82abc66.52±1.08b1.03±0.02a
P5112.09±4.16a24.76±2.42bc67.52±1.94bc67.08±0.82ab1.02±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1276269233352872002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同硅钙肥处理的百香果果实外在品质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment单果重Weight/g果实硬度Firmness/Pa纵径Vertical diameter/mm横径Transverse diameter/mm果形指数Fruit shape index
CK102.11±2.51b22.22±2.26c66.94±2.38c66.25±1.08b1.04±0.03a
P1110.40±3.11a24.38±2.42bc70.27±3.00ab67.02±1.14ab1.06±0.02a
P2110.33±2.22a28.15±2.38a69.58±1.44abc65.71±1.62b1.07±0.02a
P3113.50±3.74a28.26±1.36a71.11±1.80a68.43±0.96a1.05±0.01a
P4112.34±3.08a26.88±1.65ab69.07±2.82abc66.52±1.08b1.03±0.02a
P5112.09±4.16a24.76±2.42bc67.52±1.94bc67.08±0.82ab1.02±0.02a
), ArticleFig(id=1276269233449340995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Internal quality of passion fruit treated with different silicon and calcium fertilizers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment可溶性固形物含量TSS content/%可滴定酸含量TA content/%固酸比Solid acid ratio维生素C含量Vc content/[mg·(100 g)–1]可溶性糖含量SS content/%可溶性蛋白质含量SP content/(mg·g–1)
CK18.70±0.09bc1.36±0.18a13.96±1.94c20.95±0.53bc13.61±0.58d1.67±0.10d
P119.07±0.12b1.29±0.13ab14.93±1.38c20.57±0.57c14.23±0.55cd1.79±0.06cd
P218.38±0.60c1.17±0.02bc15.76±0.56bc21.46±0.55abc14.70±0.63abc1.93±0.06b
P319.70±0.09a0.98±0.11de20.40±2.31a21.97±0.20a15.41±0.66a2.08±0.09a
P418.52±0.71bc0.87±0.12e21.71±3.13a21.53±0.55ab15.20±0.60ab1.99±0.06ab
P518.45±0.71bc1.05±0.09cd17.73±1.13b21.39±0.88abc14.47±0.48bcd1.92±0.03bc
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不同硅钙肥处理的百香果果实内在品质

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处理Treatment可溶性固形物含量TSS content/%可滴定酸含量TA content/%固酸比Solid acid ratio维生素C含量Vc content/[mg·(100 g)–1]可溶性糖含量SS content/%可溶性蛋白质含量SP content/(mg·g–1)
CK18.70±0.09bc1.36±0.18a13.96±1.94c20.95±0.53bc13.61±0.58d1.67±0.10d
P119.07±0.12b1.29±0.13ab14.93±1.38c20.57±0.57c14.23±0.55cd1.79±0.06cd
P218.38±0.60c1.17±0.02bc15.76±0.56bc21.46±0.55abc14.70±0.63abc1.93±0.06b
P319.70±0.09a0.98±0.11de20.40±2.31a21.97±0.20a15.41±0.66a2.08±0.09a
P418.52±0.71bc0.87±0.12e21.71±3.13a21.53±0.55ab15.20±0.60ab1.99±0.06ab
P518.45±0.71bc1.05±0.09cd17.73±1.13b21.39±0.88abc14.47±0.48bcd1.92±0.03bc
), ArticleFig(id=1276269233650667589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Membership function analysis of different treatments

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指标IndexCKP1P2P3P4P5
单果重0.000.730.721.000.880.90
果实硬度0.000.360.981.000.770.42
纵径0.000.800.631.000.510.14
横径0.200.480.001.000.300.50
可溶性固形物0.240.520.001.000.100.05
固酸比0.000.130.230.831.000.49
抗坏血酸0.270.000.641.000.680.58
可溶性糖0.000.350.611.000.890.47
可溶性蛋白0.000.300.641.000.780.60
过氧化物酶0.000.030.601.000.980.74
超氧化物歧化酶0.000.630.771.000.550.19
过氧化氢酶0.150.000.661.000.930.46
纤维素0.000.330.641.000.630.17
原果胶0.000.310.721.000.700.04
总分0.864.967.8413.839.715.75
平均值0.060.350.560.990.690.41
排序653124
), ArticleFig(id=1276269233734553670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262921730658960, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理的隶属函数分析

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指标IndexCKP1P2P3P4P5
单果重0.000.730.721.000.880.90
果实硬度0.000.360.981.000.770.42
纵径0.000.800.631.000.510.14
横径0.200.480.001.000.300.50
可溶性固形物0.240.520.001.000.100.05
固酸比0.000.130.230.831.000.49
抗坏血酸0.270.000.641.000.680.58
可溶性糖0.000.350.611.000.890.47
可溶性蛋白0.000.300.641.000.780.60
过氧化物酶0.000.030.601.000.980.74
超氧化物歧化酶0.000.630.771.000.550.19
过氧化氢酶0.150.000.661.000.930.46
纤维素0.000.330.641.000.630.17
原果胶0.000.310.721.000.700.04
总分0.864.967.8413.839.715.75
平均值0.060.350.560.990.690.41
排序653124
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硅钙肥对百香果品质及细胞壁代谢的影响
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柏是林 1 , 欧斯扬 1 , 杨雪莲 1 , 姜春芽 2 , 陈孝玉龙 3 , 胡小京 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(8): 1623-1632
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (8) : 1623 -1632
硅钙肥对百香果品质及细胞壁代谢的影响
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柏是林1, 欧斯扬1, 杨雪莲1, 姜春芽2, 陈孝玉龙3, 胡小京1, *
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州大学教学实验场,贵州贵阳 550025
  • 3.贵州大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳 550025
通讯作者:
* 胡小京(HU Xiaojing),E-mail:
Effects of Silica-calcium Fertilizer on Quality and Cell Wall Metabolism of Passion Fruit
Shilin BAI1, Siyang OU1, Xuelian YANG1, Chunya JIANG2, Xiaoyulong CHEN3, Xiaojing HU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 2.Teaching Experiment Farm, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 3.College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.011
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为探明适合贵州低热河谷地区栽培百香果的硅钙肥配比,本研究以钦蜜9号百香果为试材,试验设置为花前每株土施硅肥50 g,花后10 d左右喷施钙肥,间隔15 d喷1次,连续喷3次,钙肥浓度为500倍、1000倍、1500倍,以不施肥为对照。通过对百香果土施硅肥、花果期喷施钙肥,探究不同中微肥及其用量对百香果品质及细胞壁代谢的影响,并筛选最佳硅钙肥配方,旨在为提高百香果果实品质提供一定的理论依据和实践指导。结果表明:与对照相比,土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍配施能提高百香果的单果重、果实硬度、果实纵横径,增加果实的可溶性固形物(TSS)及Vc含量,减少可滴定酸(TA)含量;提高可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质含量(SP);促进过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性;增加果皮中原果胶和纤维素含量,使水溶性果胶(WSP)含量、纤维素酶(CX)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)及果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性下降,且各指标与对照均存在显著差异。进而说明土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍配施能显著提高百香果果实品质及果皮机械强度、韧性及稳定性,与对照相比,果实单果重、果实硬度、纵径、横径分别增长11.15%、27.18%、6.23%、3.29%,TSS、Vc、SS、SP含量分别提高16.95%、16.12%、20.57%、24.55%,TA含量降低36.03%,POD、SOD、CAT活性分别提升13.16%、19.67%、21.65%,果皮中原果胶和纤维素含量分别增加19.29%和17.19%,WSP含量降低10.63%,CX、PG及PME活性分别下降8.58%、22.98%、7.52%。

百香果  /  中微量肥  /  果实品质  /  细胞壁代谢

In order to find out the ratio of silicon and calcium fertilizer suitable for the cultivation of passion fruit in the low-heat valley area of Guizhou, this study took passion fruit Qinmi No. 9 as the test material. The experiment was conducted with 50 g of silicon fertilizer per plant before flowering, spraying calcium fertilizer about 10 days after flowering, spraying once every 15 days, spraying three times continuously, and the concentration of calcium fertilizer was 500 times, 1000 times and 1500 times. CK was used as the control group, which received no fertilizer application. The effects of different medium and micro fertilizers, as well as dosages, on the quality and related cell wall metabolism indexes of passion fruit were explored by applying silicon fertilizer to the soil and spraying calcium fertilizer during the flowering and fruiting periods. The aim was to screen for the best specialized silicon-calcium fertilizer formula. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the quality of passion fruit. The results showed that compared with the control, soil application of silicon fertilizer and spraying calcium fertilizer 1000 times combined application increased the single fruit weight, fruit hardness and fruit shape index of passion fruit. Additionally, they elevated the content of soluble solids (TSS) and vitamin C (Vc), while reducing the content of titratable acidity (TA). Furthermore, there was an increase in soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein content (SP). Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were promoted. However, the activities of water-soluble pectin (WSP) content, cellulase (CX), polygalacturonase (PG), and pectin methylesterase (PME) decreased due to the increase in protopectin and cellulose in the peel, each index was significantly different from the control group. It shows that silicon-calcium fertilizer had the best effect on enhancing passion fruit quality and improving the mechanical strength, toughness and stability of peel. Compared to CK, the single fruit weight, fruit hardness, longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter increased by 11.15%, 27.18%, 6.23% and 3.29%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of TSS, Vc, SS and SP increased by 16.95%, 16.12%, 20.57% and 24.55%, respectively, while the content of TA decreased by 36.03%, and the activities of POD, SOD and CAT increased by 13.16%, 19.67% and 21.65%, respectively. The content of protopectin and cellulose in peel increased by 19.29% and 17.19%, respectively. Meanwhile, the content of WSP decreased by 10.63%, and the activities of CX, PG and PME decreased by 8.58%, 22.98% and 7.52%, respectively.

passion fruit  /  medium and micro fertilizer  /  fruit quality  /  cell wall metabolism
柏是林, 欧斯扬, 杨雪莲, 姜春芽, 陈孝玉龙, 胡小京. 硅钙肥对百香果品质及细胞壁代谢的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1623 -1632 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.011
Shilin BAI, Siyang OU, Xuelian YANG, Chunya JIANG, Xiaoyulong CHEN, Xiaojing HU. Effects of Silica-calcium Fertilizer on Quality and Cell Wall Metabolism of Passion Fruit[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1623 -1632 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.011
百香果(Passiflora edulis Sims)别名西番莲,属于西番莲科多年生草质藤本植物[1]。其营养价值极高,富含人体所需的十余种氨基酸、多种维生素、类胡萝卜素及矿物质元素等,有鲜食、油用、药用等用途,同时也是一种极具观赏价值的园艺植物[2]。百香果生长速度较快,成熟后果实口感极佳。百香果易成活,持续结果期长,经济价值高,见效快,可在我国适宜种植地区大力发展和推广,应用前景十分广阔[3]
百香果是贵州十二大特色产业之一,近年来在黔东南、黔西南等地发展势头十分迅猛,对当地乡村振兴具有重要意义[4]。钦蜜9号是黄金百香果的新品种,在贵州主栽区引种时间短。该品种花期长,果实大,果皮呈黄色,有淡淡的蜂蜜味,口感优,深受消费者喜爱。由于百香果长势可观,当年种植当年结果,所以对肥料的需求量大,特别是在开花、结果、转色等生长发育关键阶段[5]。在其生长发育中除施以大量元素外,对中微量元素的需求不可或缺,若缺少中微量元素便会导致百香果质量变差,出现果皮较软,果实易衰老、抗性差,易染病等问题,这些都是生产中亟待解决的问题。
前人研究表明,中微量元素作为植物生长必需的营养元素可以平衡植物无机营养,提高果实品质和产量,减轻作物病虫害[6]。硅对于植物而言是有益元素,它参与细胞壁构成,可以增强其稳定性及机械强度,硅肥作为一种新型肥料,能使植物茎秆更加健壮,植株更结实,促进根系生长[7-9]。还具有提高果皮的厚度以及硬度,增加果实韧性,改善植株的机械性能,提高抗性,增大叶面积以及干物质质量等作用,且硅肥配施其他肥料对植物生长的调控效果更佳,能有效提高磷、钾、钙等养分利用率[10-11]
钙是一种重要的矿质营养元素,补充外源钙对植株的生长发育,果品采后贮藏等均有积极意义,对果实品质的形成及其保持有重要作用。叶面施钙可以有效提高果实的含钙量、硬度、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖以及Vc含量等[12]
目前,硅钙肥等中微量元素肥已应用于白菜(Brassica rapa var. glabra)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)、苹果(Malus pumila)等作物上。修文广[13]研究发现,合理配比的硅、钙肥与常规施肥相比,可以促进白菜生长发育,增加产量,使作物营养更加均衡全面。翟江等[14]研究表明,硅、钙肥均可促进日光温室中黄瓜的生长发育,提高干物质、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量以及Vc含量,并且硅钙配施效果更显著,证明了硅、钙元素之间存在交互作用。徐谦等[15]研究指出,施硅钙肥能增加苹果树体的硅钙含量和果皮中钙的含量,在晚秋或早春与果树基肥混施,可增加叶片和果皮硅钙含量,特别是增加钙的含量,对复壮树势,提高树体抗病能力,增加果实硬度均有积极意义。
当前,在我国部分地区土壤中有效硅含量低于临界值(100 mg/kg),已经限制了作物产量和品质。加之,广大果农不重视钙肥等的补充,导致果园土壤和树体营养不均衡,影响了果树的生长,进而使得果实品质下降。因此,开展中微肥研究对提高作物的品质具有重要作用。目前,关于百香果中微肥的相关研究鲜见报道。本研究以钦蜜9号黄金百香果为试材,通过对百香果土施硅肥、花果期喷施钙肥,探究不同中微肥及用量对百香果品质和细胞壁代谢的影响,并筛选适合的中微量肥配方,以期为实践生产中科学合理施用硅、钙肥,提高百香果果实品质提供一定的科学依据。
试验于2022年3月在贵州省榕江县古州百香果种植基地(108°04′E,25°26′N)进行。试验地海拔240 m,属中亚热带湿润季风气候。试验地为平地,土层较厚,土质疏松,pH为5.6~5.8,灌溉条件良好。土壤有机质含量为43.84 g/kg,速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别为72.90、82.23、255 mg/kg,全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别为0.74、0.65、15.53 g/kg。以上土壤理化指标参照《土壤农化分析》的相关方法进行测定[16]
试材为钦蜜9号黄金百香果。硅肥来源于英皇全水溶性颗粒硅肥(SiO2含量≥27%,纯硅含量≥12%,英国植康肥业有限公司,山西),果蔬糖醇螯合钙肥来源于美国丰利惠公司(Ca含量≥140 g/L,美国丰利惠公司,浙江)。
设置5个处理,P1:土施硅肥;P2:土施硅肥+喷施钙肥(500倍);P3:土施硅肥+喷施钙肥(1000倍);P4:土施硅肥+喷施钙肥(1500倍);P5:喷施钙肥(1000倍,参考前期预试验)。以不施肥为对照(CK)。
每个处理20株,重复3次。采用平棚垂帘式,株行距为1.5 m×3.0 m,处理间设间隔行。于花前土施硅肥一次,每株50 g。于花后10 d左右,开始喷施钙肥,间隔15 d喷1次,连续喷3次,喷至叶片表面湿润为止。其他进行常规施肥处理:有机肥料(N+P2O5+K2O≥10%,有机质≥45%);磷钾肥(P2O5≥18.0%,K2O≥1.05%);大量元素水溶肥(N≥11%,P2O5≥11%,K2O≥35%,MgO≥2%)。试验中采用肥水一体化技术。当果实开始显色时采样,每个处理随机取样,选取50个果形均匀、着色一致、无病虫、无损伤的果实样品,分别从树冠的上中下、前后左右不同部位采集。并将果实带回实验室检测相关指标,重复3次,每个指标取其平均值进行比较分析。
(1)品质指标。单果重使用CP213型电子天平测定,单位为g;果实硬度使用GY-4型数显果实硬度计测定,单位为Pa;果实纵横径使用游标卡尺测量,果形指数为果实纵径与横径之比;可溶性固形物(TSS)和可滴定酸(TA)含量采用PAL-BX/ACID12型数显糖酸度计测定,固酸比为可溶性固形物与可滴定酸之比;维生素C(Vc)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量分别采用2,6-二氯靛酚滴定法、蒽酮比色法、考马斯亮蓝染色法[17]测定。
(2)细胞壁代谢指标。过氧化物酶(POD)活性:愈创木酚显色法[17];超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性:氮蓝四唑(NBT)光电还原法[17];过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性:紫外吸收法[17];纤维素含量:蒽酮比色法[18];纤维素酶(CX)活性:分光光度法[17];原果胶、水溶性果胶(WSP)含量:咔唑比色法[18];多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲酯酶(PME):分光光度法[18]
利用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行差异显著性分析和隶属函数分析,采用Microsoft Excel软件绘图。
表1可知,不同硅钙肥处理对百香果果实的单果重、硬度以及纵横径均有促进作用。P3的单果重较CK显著提高11.15%,5个处理之间的果实单果重差异不显著,但均显著高于CK;P3处理的硬度较CK显著提高27.18%,且P2、P4处理的果实硬度与CK存在显著差异,P1、P5处理和CK之间的果实硬度差异不显著;P3处理的纵径较CK显著提高6.23%,除P5处理与CK的纵径差异不显著以外,其余4个处理与CK均有显著差异;P3处理的横径较CK显著提高3.29%,其余处理与CK差异不显著;各处理的果形指数均在1左右,说明果实呈圆形。综上所述,P3(土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍)处理在促进果实生长方面效果最显著。
可溶性固形物是反映果实风味及耐贮性的重要指标之一,可滴定酸及Vc含量等指标代表了果实的风味品质[19],可溶性糖含量是构成果实口感、风味及耐贮性的一个重要指标[20]。可溶性蛋白质参与合成部分酶的基础物质,参与果实采后生理生化反应的调控[21]。由表2可知,P3处理的TSS含量为19.70%,较CK提高5.35%,其余处理均与CK差异不显著。施肥处理的TA含量均低于CK,其中,P4处理的TA含量为0.87%,较CK显著降低36.03%;P3处理的TA含量为0.98%,较CK降低27.94%,P3与P4处理的TA含量差异不显著。P3处理的固酸比达到20.40,与P4处理差异不显著,但比CK显著高46.13%。对Vc含量而言,P3处理达到21.97 mg/100 g,分别较CK和P1处理显著提高4.87%和6.81%。随着硅钙肥的增施,P3处理的SS含量为15.41%,较CK显著提高13.23%,较P1和P5处理分别提高8.29%和6.50%,均达显著差异。P3处理的SP含量为2.08 mg/g,较CK增加24.55%,P3处理与P4处理之间差异不显著,但与其他处理均有显著差异。综上说明,P3处理在增加果实的口感和风味方面效果最佳。
图1A可知,各处理的POD活性均存在不同程度的差异。P3处理的POD活性为4.16 U/g,较CK高5.49%,P1处理和CK之间差异不显著,但显著低于其他处理。SOD能够清除植物体内的超氧自由基。由图1B可见,各处理的SOD活性同样存在不同程度的差异。CK与P5处理之间差异不显著,但显著低于其他处理。其中,硅钙配施的P2、P3和P4处理较CK分别提高12.04%、15.73%、8.62%。CAT可以使H2O2分解为水和分子氧,进而减少该过程中植物组织可能受到的氧化伤害。从图1C可知,P3处理的CAT活性最高,达到4.27 U/g,较CK显著提高10.72%,其次是同样为配施的P4处理(4.24 U/g)和P2处理(4.11 U/g),P2、P3和P4处理均显著高于CK。结果表明,不同硅钙肥处理均能显著提高百香果POD、SOD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性,以P3处理效果最佳。
图2可知,不同硅钙肥配施处理后,各处理的百香果纤维素含量和CX活性均存在不同程度的差异。由图2A可知,纤维素含量随着钙肥浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势。P3处理的纤维素含量为27.50%,比CK显著高17.19%,且分别高于单施的P1和P5处理10.89%和13.79%,分别高于配施的P2和P4处理5.50%和5.77%;P3处理与CK及其他处理间存在显著差异。由图2B可知,CX活性的变化随着钙肥浓度的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势。P3处理的CX活性最低,为73.34 U/g,较CK显著降低8.57%,其次是配施的P2和P4处理,分别是75.80 U/g和78.09 U/g,均显著低于CK;单施的P1和P5处理均显著高于P3处理。结果表明,不同硅钙肥处理可以提高百香果纤维素含量和降低CX活性,增加果皮机械强度,硅钙配施效果优于单施,以P3处理的效果最显著。
图3A可知,施肥对百香果果皮的原果胶含量有一定的促进作用。其中,P3处理的原果胶含量最高,达到10.70%,比CK显著高19.29%。P2、P3和P4处理显著高于CK、P1和P5处理,P1和P5处理与CK无显著差异。由图3B可知,P3处理的WSP含量最低,为1.85%,较CK显著降低10.63%,其次是P2处理,为1.93%,比CK低6.76%。单施的P1和P5处理与CK间差异不显著。综上所述,不同硅钙肥处理可以提高百香果果皮原果胶含量,降低WSP含量,以P3处理的效果最佳。
果胶酶属于复合酶,也是分解果实果胶物质多种酶的总称,包含多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和果胶甲酯酶等。由图4A可知,不同硅钙肥处理的PG活性均显著低于CK。P3处理的PG活性最低,为4.38 U/g,较CK降低22.98%,且均显著低于其他处理。P2和P4处理之间差异不显著,但显著低于P1和P5处理。由图4B可知,不同硅钙配施处理后,各处理百香果的PME活性存在不同程度的差异,P3处理的PME活性最低,为81.90 U/g,较CK显著下降7.52%,且P3处理与其他处理均存在显著差异,而P1和P5处理较CK虽有差异但未达显著。结果表明,不同硅钙肥处理可以降低百香果果皮的PME和PG活性,从而降低了果胶物质的分解率,防止果皮皱裂及损伤,有利于贮运,配施效果好于单施,以P3处理的效果最为显著。
单项数据并不能科学、完整、准确地反映不同处理对百香果影响的效果差异,故选择关键性的指标采用隶属函数进行综合评价。如表3所示,所有处理的排序结果为:P3>P4>P2>P5>P1>CK。其中,P3处理的隶属函数值为0.99,排序第一,其次为P4处理,其隶属函数值为0.69,第三为P2处理,其隶属函数值为0.56,P5和P1分别位列第四、第五,CK排在第六,其隶属函数值为0.06。由此得知P3处理下百香果的各指标综合表现最好,且硅钙配施比单施效果好。
单果重、果形指数、硬度等果实外在品质性状可以反映树体肥水供应状况及环境等外界因素对果实造成的影响。本研究得出硅钙肥单施及配施均对百香果的单果重、果实纵横径、硬度有积极影响,与叶素银等[22]研究证明硅钙处理后对梨(Pyrus spp)果实外在品质有显著提高的结果相似。
TTS、TA、Vc 3个指标是衡量果实风味及口感的重要指标。SS、SP作为植物中重要的渗透调节物质,在维持细胞渗透压和降低细胞渗透势方面有着重要意义,可溶性蛋白质含量说明了植物生命活动的代谢水平[23]。已有研究表明,钙、硅肥施用可显著提高果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc含量及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质等内在品质性状[24-26]。车红伟等[27]指出硅钙肥混施对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)营养生长、提高其产量及品质具有一定促进作用。
本研究表明,对百香果树体进行不同硅钙配施处理,对其品质性状指标具有显著影响。硅钙肥对百香果的单果重、果实纵横径、TSS、Vc、SS、SP、固酸比等指标均有不同程度的促进作用。且硅钙配施的效果大于单施。这与翟江等[14]在黄瓜上的研究结果相似,即硅钙单施和二者配施均可促进黄瓜植株生长,本研究中P3处理(土施硅肥+叶面钙肥1000倍)的促进效果最好。
抗氧化酶类包含POD、SOD、CAT,是植物抗氧化过程中重要的3种参与酶类,通过协同作用来防御活性氧或其他过氧化物自由基对细胞膜系统的伤害,从而减少有机体遭受自由基的毒害,对维持自由基产生与清除之间的平衡至关重要,可以保护果实免受生物或非生物胁迫而引起的氧化损伤,植物体内抗氧化酶的活性高低可以说明植物对环境的适应和抗衰老能力的强弱[28-29]。熊博等[30]研究证明柑橘(Citrus reticulata)叶面、果面喷钙肥能有效提高CAT、POD和SOD活性,说明柑橘果实活性氧代谢与钙素营养密切相关。夏杏洲等[31]指出,橙(C. sinensis)经钙处理后保护了细胞组织结构,脂质过氧化程度得到减轻,延缓了果实的衰老。耿若飞等[32]指出,叶面喷施硅肥可以上调抗氧化系统相关酶的表达量,增加抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化物质含量。王壮伟等[29]指出,加施硅钙肥可减缓葡萄果实成熟后果实品质的变化,降低葡萄果实中的丙二醛含量和多酚氧化酶活性。本研究也表明硅钙肥对百香果的抗氧化酶活性有促进作用,与前人研究结果一致。
纤维素有支撑骨架的作用,并参与植物细胞壁组成。在CX作用下,纤维素逐步被水解并最终生成β-葡萄糖[33]。纤维素含量对果蔬品质和贮藏性影响较大,在抗机械损伤、抗病虫害方面具有重要作用。果胶物质属于植物胶,主要成分为多聚半乳糖醛酸,果实细胞含有大量果胶物质(中胶层和初生壁),能黏结细胞个体[34]。果胶是维持植物结构和硬度的关键,有调节细胞的渗透性及pH的作用。当果实尚未成熟时,纤维素和果胶物质呈结合状,以原果胶形式存在。原果胶可使果实变得坚实脆硬且不可溶于水,果实成熟时,果胶物质与纤维素逐渐分离,转变为易溶于水的水溶性果胶,果肉组织细胞间隙变大、软化,硬度下降[33]。王玲利等[35]研究指出,叶面施钙在一定浓度范围内与果实中纤维素、原果胶等含量呈极显著正相关。本研究结果与前人相似,进一步证明硅钙肥可以提高细胞壁机械强度以及稳定性,增强耐贮性。
百香果在栽培中存在果皮较软、贮藏难、抗逆差等问题[36]。而过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素含量、纤维素酶活性、原果胶含量等都是解决上述问题的重要指标。本研究表明,硅钙肥对百香果果实抗氧化酶活性、纤维素含量、原果胶含量均有明显的促进作用,其中硅钙配施的效果大于单施。本研究结果与叶素银等[22]的结论相似,进而证明钙硅配施可以提高果肉中SOD和POD活性,有增强活性氧清除能力的作用,有利于提高果实抗性及细胞膜完整性。同时,还能防止膜脂过氧化。随着果实的生长发育,钙硅配施处理的细胞壁中的水解酶活性,如多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性和纤维素酶活性显著低于CK。在果实成熟时,果实中的原果胶含量均高于CK,而水溶性果胶含量低于CK。这些都印证了硅钙肥对提高果实糖代谢,抗氧化及增强细胞壁机械强度有促进作用,且硅钙配施效果比硅钙单施效果好。
本研究以钦蜜9号黄金百香果为试材,通过对百香果土施硅肥、花果期喷施钙肥,探究不同中微肥及用量对百香果果实品质及果皮相关酶活性指标的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,P3(土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍)处理能提高百香果的单果重、果实纵横径、硬度,增加果实的TSS、Vc、SS、SP含量,降低果实TA含量;促进POD、SOD、CAT活性;增加果皮中原果胶和纤维素含量,并降低WSP含量,使CX、PG及PME活性下降,各指标达显著差异。综上,土施硅肥+喷施钙肥1000倍配施为百香果花果期施硅钙肥的最适配方,该处理能促进果实内营养物质的积累,改善果品品质,提高细胞壁物质代谢,增强果实果皮机械强度、硬度等,有利于提升百香果的采后耐贮性。
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般229)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32360705)
  • 贵州省省级科技特派员创新创业服务·培训示范点建设项目(百香果肥水一体化技术应用示范)
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2024年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.011
  • 接收时间:2024-04-30
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-30
  • 修回日期:2024-05-14
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贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般229)
国家自然科学基金项目(32360705)
贵州省省级科技特派员创新创业服务·培训示范点建设项目(百香果肥水一体化技术应用示范)
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    1.贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025
    2.贵州大学教学实验场,贵州贵阳 550025
    3.贵州大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳 550025

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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