Article(id=1276262851304092148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694707200000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-15, revisedDate=1701705600000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782214375567, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782214375567, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782214375567, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782214375567, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276262756814815737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1724515200000', pubDateStr='2024-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782214353040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782214460949, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1685, endPage=1695, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276262851664802295, articleId=1276262851304092148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Optimization of Fermentation Conditions and Analysis of Activity Stability of Antagonist Streptomyces sp. R2A-15, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Citrus is one of the most important fruits in China, and its post-harvest occurrence of citrus green mold is a serious threat to the quality and safety of citrus, and also causes mycotoxin contamination in the fruit. A strain of Streptomyces sp. R2A-15 with good antagonistic effect on the pathogen of citrus green mold was isolated from the root soil of red orange plants in the red orange orchard of Jiuzhoujiang, Lianjiang, Zhanjiang city, Guangdong province. The optimization of the fermentation conditions and stability analysis of the bacterial inhibition activity were studied to provide reference for the preparation and application of the biocontrol agent of citrus green mold. In this study, Penicillium digitatum was used as the target fungus, and the fermentation broth was used as the inhibitory activity according to the size of the diameter of the inhibition zone by paper diffusion method. The fermentation medium of strain R2A-15 was optimized using one-way and cross-combination tests, and the fermentation conditions were optimized by response surface analysis to improve the inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth, and the stability of the fermentation broth was investigated under different acid-base, temperature and ultraviolet light conditions. The optimum carbon source for the fermentation medium of the strain was cornmeal and the optimum nitrogen source was acid-hydrolyzed casein in the one-way and cross-combination tests. Based on response surface analysis, it was concluded that cornmeal and fermentation time had a significant effect on the bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth. The optimal fermentation medium for maximum inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth, as determined by validation tests, was 12.09 g of cornmeal, 4.00 g of acid-hydrolyzed casein, 2.00 g of calcium carbonate, 2.00 g of magnesium sulfate, 2.00 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.00 g of sodium chloride, and 1 L of distilled water. The optimal fermentation conditions were: initial fermentation pH 7.0, fermentation time 37.50 h, fermentation temperature 34 ℃, inoculum volume 3%, and shake flask filling volume 100 mL/250 mL. The bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth of the strains increased by 39% after optimization. The overall bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth of the strain could be maintained at a relatively stable and high activity level after treatment with different temperatures and ultraviolet light conditions, but the bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth decreased under strong acid and alkali. The results indicate that Streptomyces sp. R2A-15 has a good and stable inhibitory effect on the citrus green mold pathogen, and has a good prospect for practical application, which lays a foundation for the later scale fermentation as well as the development of bacterial agents.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jiazhen LIANG, Jiayong GUO, Zhengyun YANG, Wan LUO, Dongcheng LUO, Chunmin YANG, Yu LI, Yuxuan XIE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuxuan XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276262856886710805, articleId=1276262851304092148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=拮抗链霉菌R2A-15发酵条件优化及其活性稳定性分析, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

柑橘是我国最重要的水果之一,其采后发生的柑橘绿霉病严重威胁柑橘的质量安全,而且还会引起果品中真菌毒素的污染。本团队从广东省湛江市廉江九洲江红橙园的红橙植株根部土壤中,分离筛选出一株对柑橘绿霉病病原菌具有良好拮抗作用的链霉菌R2A-15,对其进行发酵条件优化和抑菌活性稳定性分析,为柑橘绿霉病生防菌剂的制备与应用提供参考。本研究以指状青霉(Penicillium digitatum)为靶标菌,根据纸片扩散法的抑菌圈直径大小判断发酵液抑菌活性。采用单因素和交叉组合试验优化菌株R2A-15发酵培养基,通过响应面分析法对发酵条件进行优化,提高发酵液抑菌活性,并对发酵液进行不同的酸碱、温度和紫外线条件的稳定性研究。在单因素试验和交叉组合试验中,菌株发酵培养基的最适碳源为玉米面,最适氮源为酸水解酪蛋白。根据响应面分析法,得出玉米面和发酵时间对发酵液抑菌活性有显著影响。经验证试验得出,最大的发酵液抑菌活性的最优发酵培养基为:玉米面12.09 g,酸水解酪蛋白4.00 g,碳酸钙2.00 g,硫酸镁2.00 g,磷酸氢二钾2.00 g,氯化钠1.00 g,蒸馏水1 L;最优发酵条件为:发酵初始pH 7.0、发酵时间37.50 h、发酵温度34 ℃、接种量3%、摇瓶装液量100 mL/250 mL。菌株发酵液抑菌活性优化后比优化前提高了39%。菌株发酵液经过不同的温度和紫外线条件处理后,整体抑菌活性能维持在一个相对稳定的高活性水平上,但在强酸强碱条件下,发酵液抑菌活性有所下降。结果表明,链霉菌R2A-15对柑橘绿霉病病原菌具有较好的稳定抑菌效果,有较好的实际应用前景,为后期规模化发酵以及菌剂的开发奠定基础。

, authors=

梁嘉振(1999—),男,学士,研究方向:食品质量与安全。

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* 谢雨轩(XIE Yuxuan),E-mail:
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梁嘉振(1999—),男,学士,研究方向:食品质量与安全。

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梁嘉振(1999—),男,学士,研究方向:食品质量与安全。

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Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2019, 33(1): 719-729., articleTitle=Isolation and identification of a marine actinomycete strain and its control efficacy against citrus green and blue moulds, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276269117460058649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, awardId=202113714005, language=CN, fundingSource=广州工商学院2021年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202113714005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276269117535556122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, awardId=202313714005, language=CN, fundingSource=广州工商学院2023年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202313714005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276269117619442203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, awardId=KYYB202225, language=CN, fundingSource=广州工商学院2022年度校级科研项目(KYYB202225), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276269097386119609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269097394508218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, companyId=1276269097386119609, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Foshan, Guangdong 528135, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269097407091131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, companyId=1276269097386119609, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州工商学院,广东佛山 528135)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276269110820475375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of culture medium on inhibitory activity of fermentation broth of strain R2A-15

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

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不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=gYz6Q0UHW+l1F8CUq2y9uA==, figureFileBig=BdJ+MheHjiP6ZP12uEoijw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269111248294385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of nitrogen source on inhibitory activity of fermentation broth of strain R2A-15

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=v0nblEQ64HM+uvYxSAXYUQ==, figureFileBig=TkfDobtLp0oXbi0Z5uQN/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269112921821682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=图2, caption=氮源对菌株R2A-15发酵液抑菌活性的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=v0nblEQ64HM+uvYxSAXYUQ==, figureFileBig=TkfDobtLp0oXbi0Z5uQN/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269113018290675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of carbon source on inhibitory activity of fermentation broth of strain R2A-15

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=vUk91Bj8ru3ftSu3nmfeMw==, figureFileBig=HrRtR3OxcztuCqwLiTMwGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269113085399540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=图3, caption=碳源对菌株R2A-15发酵液抑菌活性的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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A: The inhibitory zone of R2A-15 after optimization; B: The inhibitory zone of the original fermentation broth of strain R2A-15.

, figureFileSmall=DOD5T64HhKOD4i1ZF+UaJw==, figureFileBig=f0Vz8upUCBPvfKuiVmNV4w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269114226250244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=图11, caption=菌株R2A-15发酵液对柑橘绿霉病优化前后抑菌效果对比

A:R2A-15优化后的抑菌活性;B:R2A-15原发酵液的抑菌活性。

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Effect of combination of carbon and nitrogen sources on inhibitory activity of fermentation broth of strain R2A-15

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氮源Nitrogen source碳源Carbon source抑菌圈平均直径Average diameter of inhibition zone/mm
硫酸铵小米10.50±0.06b
硫酸铵玉米面11.23±0.07a
硫酸铵燕麦片10.55±0.05b
蛋白胨小米10.41±0.06c
蛋白胨玉米面10.89±0.04a
蛋白胨燕麦片10.67±0.03b
酸水解酪蛋白小米10.42±0.07b
酸水解酪蛋白玉米面11.35±0.09a
酸水解酪蛋白燕麦片10.87±0.53ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276269114800869900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

碳源、氮源组合对菌株R2A-15发酵液抑菌活性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氮源Nitrogen source碳源Carbon source抑菌圈平均直径Average diameter of inhibition zone/mm
硫酸铵小米10.50±0.06b
硫酸铵玉米面11.23±0.07a
硫酸铵燕麦片10.55±0.05b
蛋白胨小米10.41±0.06c
蛋白胨玉米面10.89±0.04a
蛋白胨燕麦片10.67±0.03b
酸水解酪蛋白小米10.42±0.07b
酸水解酪蛋白玉米面11.35±0.09a
酸水解酪蛋白燕麦片10.87±0.53ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276269114863784461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Types and levels of factors

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因素编号Factor No.因素种类Type of factor低水平Low level (–1)高水平High level (+1)
X1发酵初始pH6.08.0
X2发酵时间/d13
X3发酵温度/℃3236
X4接种量/%24
X5装液量/mL75125
X6玉米面/g8.0012.00
X7酸水解酪蛋白/g3.005.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276269114926699022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

因素的种类和高低两水平

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因素编号Factor No.因素种类Type of factor低水平Low level (–1)高水平High level (+1)
X1发酵初始pH6.08.0
X2发酵时间/d13
X3发酵温度/℃3236
X4接种量/%24
X5装液量/mL75125
X6玉米面/g8.0012.00
X7酸水解酪蛋白/g3.005.00
), ArticleFig(id=1276269114998002191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Plackett-Burman test for high and low level designs for each factor

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编号No.X1X2X3X4X5X6X7抑菌圈平均直径Average diameter of inhibition zone/mm
1+++13.84±0.04
2+++9.18±0.06
3+++10.49±0.04
4++++14.06±0.08
5+++++8.59±0.11
6+++++11.69±0.07
7+++++13.79±0.11
8++++11.25±0.07
9+++12.81±0.29
10++++12.80±0.06
11+++11.40±0.06
1212.93±0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115077693968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Plackett-Burman试验对各因子高低水平设计

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编号No.X1X2X3X4X5X6X7抑菌圈平均直径Average diameter of inhibition zone/mm
1+++13.84±0.04
2+++9.18±0.06
3+++10.49±0.04
4++++14.06±0.08
5+++++8.59±0.11
6+++++11.69±0.07
7+++++13.79±0.11
8++++11.25±0.07
9+++12.81±0.29
10++++12.80±0.06
11+++11.40±0.06
1212.93±0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115153191441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Plackett-Burman test significance analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor系数RatioTT-valuePP-value
常量11.90248.060.000
发酵初始pH–0.209–0.840.446
发酵时间–1.046–4.220.013
发酵温度0.6172.490.067
接种量–0.289–1.170.308
装液量–0.631–2.550.063
玉米面0.8563.460.026
酸水解酪蛋白0.0420.170.872
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115249660434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Plackett-Burman试验显著性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素Factor系数RatioTT-valuePP-value
常量11.90248.060.000
发酵初始pH–0.209–0.840.446
发酵时间–1.046–4.220.013
发酵温度0.6172.490.067
接种量–0.289–1.170.308
装液量–0.631–2.550.063
玉米面0.8563.460.026
酸水解酪蛋白0.0420.170.872
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115316769299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Experiment design of steepest ascent

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.发酵时间Fermentation time/h玉米面Cornmeal/g抑菌圈平均直径Average diameter of inhibition zone/mm
12410.0013.61±0.16
23011.0014.07±0.17
33612.0014.56±0.06
44213.0014.24±0.05
54814.0013.83±0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115409043988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

最陡爬坡试验设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.发酵时间Fermentation time/h玉米面Cornmeal/g抑菌圈平均直径Average diameter of inhibition zone/mm
12410.0013.61±0.16
23011.0014.07±0.17
33612.0014.56±0.06
44213.0014.24±0.05
54814.0013.83±0.06
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115484541461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Center composite experimental design factor levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素编号Factor No.因素名称Factor name自变量水平Level of independent variable
–1.414–1011.414
X2发酵时间/h19.0324.0036.0048.0052.97
X6玉米面/g9.1710.0012.0014.0014.83
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115560038934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

中心复合试验设计因子水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素编号Factor No.因素名称Factor name自变量水平Level of independent variable
–1.414–1011.414
X2发酵时间/h19.0324.0036.0048.0052.97
X6玉米面/g9.1710.0012.0014.0014.83
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115631342103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Center composite test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.发酵时间Fermentation time/h玉米面Cornmeal/g抑菌圈平均直径Average diameter of inhibition zone/mm
124.0010.0013.81±0.04
248.0010.0013.95±0.12
324.0014.0014.01±0.14
448.0014.0013.99±0.06
519.0312.0013.73±0.17
652.9712.0014.16±0.32
736.009.1714.13±0.12
836.0014.8314.10±0.07
936.0012.0014.56±0.09
1036.0012.0014.52±0.11
1136.0012.0014.53±0.07
1236.0012.0014.56±0.04
1336.0012.0014.60±0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1276269115702645272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262851304092148, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

中心复合试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.发酵时间Fermentation time/h玉米面Cornmeal/g抑菌圈平均直径Average diameter of inhibition zone/mm
124.0010.0013.81±0.04
248.0010.0013.95±0.12
324.0014.0014.01±0.14
448.0014.0013.99±0.06
519.0312.0013.73±0.17
652.9712.0014.16±0.32
736.009.1714.13±0.12
836.0014.8314.10±0.07
936.0012.0014.56±0.09
1036.0012.0014.52±0.11
1136.0012.0014.53±0.07
1236.0012.0014.56±0.04
1336.0012.0014.60±0.02
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拮抗链霉菌R2A-15发酵条件优化及其活性稳定性分析
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梁嘉振 , 郭家勇 , 杨铮蕴 , 罗婉 , 罗东程 , 杨春敏 , 李羽 , 谢雨轩 *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(8): 1685-1695
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (8) : 1685 -1695
拮抗链霉菌R2A-15发酵条件优化及其活性稳定性分析
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梁嘉振(1999—),男,学士,研究方向:食品质量与安全。

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梁嘉振(1999—),男,学士,研究方向:食品质量与安全。

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梁嘉振, 郭家勇, 杨铮蕴, 罗婉, 罗东程, 杨春敏, 李羽, 谢雨轩*
作者信息
  • 广州工商学院,广东佛山 528135
通讯作者:
* 谢雨轩(XIE Yuxuan),E-mail:
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions and Analysis of Activity Stability of Antagonist Streptomyces sp. R2A-15
Jiazhen LIANG, Jiayong GUO, Zhengyun YANG, Wan LUO, Dongcheng LUO, Chunmin YANG, Yu LI, Yuxuan XIE*
Affiliations
  • Guangzhou College of Technology and Business, Foshan, Guangdong 528135, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.018
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柑橘是我国最重要的水果之一,其采后发生的柑橘绿霉病严重威胁柑橘的质量安全,而且还会引起果品中真菌毒素的污染。本团队从广东省湛江市廉江九洲江红橙园的红橙植株根部土壤中,分离筛选出一株对柑橘绿霉病病原菌具有良好拮抗作用的链霉菌R2A-15,对其进行发酵条件优化和抑菌活性稳定性分析,为柑橘绿霉病生防菌剂的制备与应用提供参考。本研究以指状青霉(Penicillium digitatum)为靶标菌,根据纸片扩散法的抑菌圈直径大小判断发酵液抑菌活性。采用单因素和交叉组合试验优化菌株R2A-15发酵培养基,通过响应面分析法对发酵条件进行优化,提高发酵液抑菌活性,并对发酵液进行不同的酸碱、温度和紫外线条件的稳定性研究。在单因素试验和交叉组合试验中,菌株发酵培养基的最适碳源为玉米面,最适氮源为酸水解酪蛋白。根据响应面分析法,得出玉米面和发酵时间对发酵液抑菌活性有显著影响。经验证试验得出,最大的发酵液抑菌活性的最优发酵培养基为:玉米面12.09 g,酸水解酪蛋白4.00 g,碳酸钙2.00 g,硫酸镁2.00 g,磷酸氢二钾2.00 g,氯化钠1.00 g,蒸馏水1 L;最优发酵条件为:发酵初始pH 7.0、发酵时间37.50 h、发酵温度34 ℃、接种量3%、摇瓶装液量100 mL/250 mL。菌株发酵液抑菌活性优化后比优化前提高了39%。菌株发酵液经过不同的温度和紫外线条件处理后,整体抑菌活性能维持在一个相对稳定的高活性水平上,但在强酸强碱条件下,发酵液抑菌活性有所下降。结果表明,链霉菌R2A-15对柑橘绿霉病病原菌具有较好的稳定抑菌效果,有较好的实际应用前景,为后期规模化发酵以及菌剂的开发奠定基础。

指状青霉  /  链霉菌R2A-15  /  抑菌活性  /  发酵优化  /  稳定性

Citrus is one of the most important fruits in China, and its post-harvest occurrence of citrus green mold is a serious threat to the quality and safety of citrus, and also causes mycotoxin contamination in the fruit. A strain of Streptomyces sp. R2A-15 with good antagonistic effect on the pathogen of citrus green mold was isolated from the root soil of red orange plants in the red orange orchard of Jiuzhoujiang, Lianjiang, Zhanjiang city, Guangdong province. The optimization of the fermentation conditions and stability analysis of the bacterial inhibition activity were studied to provide reference for the preparation and application of the biocontrol agent of citrus green mold. In this study, Penicillium digitatum was used as the target fungus, and the fermentation broth was used as the inhibitory activity according to the size of the diameter of the inhibition zone by paper diffusion method. The fermentation medium of strain R2A-15 was optimized using one-way and cross-combination tests, and the fermentation conditions were optimized by response surface analysis to improve the inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth, and the stability of the fermentation broth was investigated under different acid-base, temperature and ultraviolet light conditions. The optimum carbon source for the fermentation medium of the strain was cornmeal and the optimum nitrogen source was acid-hydrolyzed casein in the one-way and cross-combination tests. Based on response surface analysis, it was concluded that cornmeal and fermentation time had a significant effect on the bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth. The optimal fermentation medium for maximum inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth, as determined by validation tests, was 12.09 g of cornmeal, 4.00 g of acid-hydrolyzed casein, 2.00 g of calcium carbonate, 2.00 g of magnesium sulfate, 2.00 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1.00 g of sodium chloride, and 1 L of distilled water. The optimal fermentation conditions were: initial fermentation pH 7.0, fermentation time 37.50 h, fermentation temperature 34 ℃, inoculum volume 3%, and shake flask filling volume 100 mL/250 mL. The bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth of the strains increased by 39% after optimization. The overall bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth of the strain could be maintained at a relatively stable and high activity level after treatment with different temperatures and ultraviolet light conditions, but the bacteriostatic activity of the fermentation broth decreased under strong acid and alkali. The results indicate that Streptomyces sp. R2A-15 has a good and stable inhibitory effect on the citrus green mold pathogen, and has a good prospect for practical application, which lays a foundation for the later scale fermentation as well as the development of bacterial agents.

Penicillium digitatum  /  Streptomyces sp. R2A-15  /  antibacterial activity  /  fermentation optimization  /  stability
梁嘉振, 郭家勇, 杨铮蕴, 罗婉, 罗东程, 杨春敏, 李羽, 谢雨轩. 拮抗链霉菌R2A-15发酵条件优化及其活性稳定性分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1685 -1695 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.018
Jiazhen LIANG, Jiayong GUO, Zhengyun YANG, Wan LUO, Dongcheng LUO, Chunmin YANG, Yu LI, Yuxuan XIE. Optimization of Fermentation Conditions and Analysis of Activity Stability of Antagonist Streptomyces sp. R2A-15[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1685 -1695 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.018
放线菌是自然界中普遍存在的一类微生物,其存在于土壤、空气和水中,尤其是在含水量较低、有机物含量较高的中性或弱碱土壤中。它们是一种重要的生物资源,可以产生新的活性物质[1-2]。近几年,以放线菌为材料,制备微生物菌剂是防治植物病害的研究热点[3-4]。据研究报道,放线菌发酵液对黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum[5]、大豆斑疹病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines[6]、水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae[7]等植物病原菌具有良好的抑菌活性。随着人们对食品安全越来越重视,农用抗生素放线菌的筛选与利用已成为当前农业微生物领域的一个重要课题[8-9]
指状青霉(Penicillium digitatum)感染所致的柑橘绿霉病是柑橘采后中最为普遍的一种病害,每年成熟时都会导致大量的霉烂,给柑橘产业造成巨大的经济损失。传统的控制手段主要是利用化学农药,但是化学农药会带来农药残留、环境污染、病原菌抗性和长期使用后药效下降等问题[10]。而利用拮抗微生物的生物防治方法具有安全、环保、经济效益高等优点,本团队从广东省湛江市廉江红橙植株根部土壤中分离筛选出的1株放线菌R2A-15对指状青霉具有较好拮抗作用。采用16S rRNA基因序列测定初步鉴定该菌株为弗吉尼亚链霉菌(Streptomyces virginiae),相似性为99.29%。本团队将进一步对菌株R2A-15开展试验,以发酵液的抑菌活性为标准找出最优发酵条件,为其进一步开发和利用提供理论依据。
从广东省湛江市廉江九洲江红橙园红橙植株根部土壤分离筛选出拮抗链霉菌Streptomyces sp. R2A-15。
指状青霉(Penicillium digitatum)由西南大学食品科学学院曾凯芳教授惠赠。
菌株生长培养基:ISP4培养基[11]。菌株发酵培养基:ISP1培养基、ISP2培养基、ISP3培养基、ISP4培养基、ISP5培养基、ISP6培养基、ISP7培养基、R2A培养基[12]和改良高氏二号培养基。活性检测培养基:PDA培养基[13]
改良高氏二号培养基:葡萄糖1.00 g,蛋白胨0.50 g,胰蛋白胨0.30 g,氯化钠0.50 g,蒸馏水1 L,pH 7.0。
菌种活化:将保存的菌种转接到ISP4固体培养基中,28 ℃培养5 d。
种子液制备:用直径8 mm的无菌打孔器打取3个菌饼接种于ISP4液体培养基中,装液量为100 mL/250 mL,在28 ℃、180 r/min下培养3 d,作为种子液[14]
初始摇瓶发酵:将5%接种量的种子液加入到发酵培养基中,装液量为100 mL/250 mL,28 ℃、180 r/min,培养5 d[15]
收集发酵上清液,以3000 r/min离心15 min,用0.22 µm的微孔滤膜过滤,用纸片扩散法测量抑菌圈的直径。在PDA固体培养平板涂布接种0.20 mL指状青霉菌悬液。用无菌镊子将滤纸片(直径6 mm)平整贴在平板表面,再在滤纸片上滴加20 µL发酵滤液。在28 ℃培养3 d,测量抑菌圈的直径,并重复3次试验。
向250 mL三角瓶中分别加入1.1.2中的9种不同的100 mL液体培养基,进行摇瓶发酵,参照1.2.2的方法测定抑菌活性,从中选择最优培养基作为基础培养基[16-17]
采用单因素试验法,在基础培养基上,分别选用硫酸铵、牛肉膏、蛋白胨、大豆蛋白胨、鱼蛋白胨、酸水解酪蛋白、酵母提取物、大豆粉和麦芽粉作为氮源[18];分别选用葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、甘露醇、淀粉、小米、玉米面、大米和燕麦片作为碳源[19]。参照1.2.2的方法测定抑菌活性,筛选出最优的3种氮源和碳源。
采用交叉组合试验,将最优的3种氮源和碳源进行交叉组合,参照1.2.2的方法测定抑菌活性,确定最优的氮源、碳源组合作为最优发酵培养基配方[20]
在确定了最优的发酵培养基配方之后,参照1.2.2的方法,对菌株R2A-15在不同发酵条件下的发酵液进行指状青霉的抑菌活性的测定,确定最优发酵参数[21-23]。在28 ℃,250 mL三角瓶,180 r/min摇床培养,选取不同的发酵初始pH[24-26]:5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0、10.0;不同的发酵时间:1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10 d;不同的发酵温度:22、24、26、28、30、32、34、36、38 ℃;不同的接种量:1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%;不同的摇瓶装液量:25、50、75、100、125 mL。
采用Minitab20软件,根据单因素试验所得各因素的范围,对发酵培养基和发酵培养条件中的7个因素进行Plackeett-Burman试验设计[27],每个因素选取高、低2个水平,以发酵液抑菌活性为响应值进行试验次数为12次的试验设计。根据试验设计方案,对其进行发酵培养,并对其抑菌活性进行测定。通过对试验数据的统计分析,找出对发酵液具有显著抑菌活性的关键因子。
根据抑菌效应的正负,对发酵液具有显著抑菌活性的关键因子进行最陡爬坡试验。正效应则提高因子水平,负效应则降低因子水平,并找到活性最高的区域。以响应面中心复合试验的中心点,选取发酵液抑菌活性最高的处理条件为研究对象。
在最陡爬坡试验的基础上,开展中心复合设计(CCD)试验,得到二次多项回归方程,对各因素进行分析,寻找最优值,对最优的发酵液抑菌活性进行预测。
在优化后的发酵培养基和发酵条件基础上,对该菌株的抑菌活性进行检测,并对其进行验证和可靠性分析,从而获得该菌株最优发酵培养基配方及发酵条件。
取离心后的发酵上清液10 mL,分别在4、10、20、30、40、50、60 ℃处理1 h,以未经处理的发酵液作为对照[28-29],参照1.2.2的测定方法测定抑菌活性。
取离心后的发酵上清液10 mL,用1 mol/L的HCl和1 mol/L的NaOH将pH调为2.0、4.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、10.0、12.0,在室温放置1 h后,将pH调为原始值,以未经处理的发酵液作为对照,参照1.2.2的测定方法测定抑菌活性。
取离心后的发酵上清液10 mL,分别置于波长254 nm,功率30 W的紫外灯下20 cm处照射1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9 h,以未经处理的发酵液为对照,参照1.2.2的测定方法测定抑菌活性。
结果以平均值±标准差表示。原始数据用Excel 2010软件整理处理后,采用统计学软件SPSS 25.0进行显著性分析。
通过对9种不同的液体培养基发酵液进行抑菌活性检测,结果见图1。抑菌活性较强的培养基分别有ISP2、ISP4和ISP6,3种培养基发酵液对靶标菌的抑菌圈平均直径均为10.00 mm以上。其中ISP4培养基对靶标菌抑菌活性最优,抑菌圈平均直径为10.47 mm,因此基于ISP4培养基进行后续氮源、碳源组合的优化。
在ISP4基础培养基中分别选用9种不同氮源对菌株R2A-15进行发酵培养,结果见图2。选用硫酸铵、蛋白胨和酸水解酪蛋白分别作为氮源时,3种发酵液对靶标菌的抑菌圈平均直径分别10.53、10.32、10.88 mm,具有较强的抑菌活性。3种氮源发酵液抑菌圈平均直径排序为酸水解酪蛋白>硫酸铵>蛋白胨,初步确定酸水解酪蛋白、硫酸铵和蛋白胨为菌株R2A-15最优的发酵氮源。
在ISP4基础培养基中分别选用10种不同碳源对菌株R2A-15进行发酵培养,结果见图3。选用小米、玉米面和燕麦片作为碳源时,3种发酵液对靶标菌的抑菌圈平均直径分别达到10.66、11.29、10.84 mm,具有较强的抑菌活性。3种碳源发酵液抑菌圈平均直径排序为玉米面>燕麦片>小米,初步确定玉米面、燕麦片和小米为菌株R2A-15最优的发酵碳源。
根据筛选获得的最优氮源、碳源进行交叉组合对菌株R2A-15进行发酵培养,结果见表1。选用酸水解酪蛋白和玉米面的组合抑菌活性最优,抑菌圈平均直径为11.35 mm,其次是硫酸铵和玉米面的组合,抑菌圈平均直径为11.23 mm。因此选择酸水解酪蛋白和玉米面作为菌株R2A-15发酵的最优氮源、碳源组合。
菌株R2A-15发酵液的抑菌活性随发酵初始pH的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,结果见图4。当pH为7.0时该菌株发酵液抑菌活性最优,抑菌圈平均直径达到11.40 mm。该菌株在pH为10.0时无活性,pH为5.0时抑菌活性明显下降,说明菌株R2A-15不宜在强酸碱性环境中产生活性物质。因此确定pH为7.0是菌株R2A-15的最优发酵初始pH。
菌株R2A-15发酵液的抑菌活性随发酵时间的增长呈现先增大后减小的趋势,结果见图5。第2天的发酵液抑菌活性最优,其抑菌圈平均直径为12.30 mm。因此确定发酵时间为2 d是菌株R2A-15的最优发酵时间。
在30~34 ℃温度区间内其抑菌活性随温度升高而增强,结果见图6。在34 ℃下对靶标菌的抑菌圈平均直径为12.90 mm,抑菌活性最优。在34 ℃以上,其发酵液的抑菌活性明显下降,38 ℃时对靶标菌无抑菌活性,说明菌株R2A-15不宜在高温环境下产生活性物质。因此确定34 ℃是菌株R2A-15的最优发酵温度。
菌株R2A-15发酵液的抑菌活性随接种量的增多呈现先增大后减小的趋势,结果见图7。当接种量为3%时该菌株发酵液对靶标菌的抑菌活性最优,抑菌圈平均直径为11.78 mm。低于或超过此量均会使菌株R2A-15的抑菌活性降低。随着接种量的增加,菌株的代谢物含量有所提高,抑菌活性能力增强。然而,当接种量超过3%时,发酵液中的营养物质有限,不利于细胞活性成分的生成,导致抑菌活性下降。因此确定接种量为3%是菌株R2A-15的最优接种量。
菌株R2A-15发酵液的抑菌活性随装液量的增多呈现先增大后减小的趋势,结果见图8。当装液量为100 mL时该菌株发酵液抑菌活性最优,抑菌圈平均直径为11.57 mm。锥形瓶中营养物质的增加使菌株R2A-15产生活性物质的能力更强,但液体体积逐渐增加后,锥形瓶中的氧含量逐渐降低,从而影响活性物质的产生能力。因此确定装液量为100 mL是菌株R2A-15的最优装液量。
以单因素试验得到的7个因子范围为基础,对7个因子选取高低两水平,设计见表2。按照Plackett-Burman试验对7个因子高低两水平设计,进行12次试验检测发酵液抑菌活性,结果见表3
采用Minitab 20软件,将发酵液的抑菌活性作为响应值,构建一次回归方程:抑菌圈平均直径=11.902–0.209X1–1.046X2+0.617X3–0.289X4–0.631X5+0.856X6+0.042X7。回归方程的多元相关系数R2大于90%,表明该方程的拟合性良好,可以用于预测各因子对发酵液抑菌活性的变化。根据回归分析,7个因子对发酵液抑菌活性的显著性影响分析结果见表4,在所考察的7个因子中,发酵时间的P值为0.013,玉米面的P值为0.026,均小于0.05,表明这2种因子对发酵液的抑菌活性有显著影响。其他5个因素对发酵液的抑菌活性均无显著性影响。发酵时间和玉米面的T值分别为–4.22和3.46,表明发酵时间对发酵液的抑菌活性是负影响,而玉米面对发酵液的抑菌活性是正影响。
从Plackett-Burman试验可以看出,发酵时间和玉米面是影响菌株R2A-15发酵液对抑菌活性的关键因素。发酵时间是负效应,要适当缩短发酵时间;玉米面是正效应,可在发酵培养基中适当提高其含量。通过对2种因子的正、负效应及影响程度的分析,确定了2种因子的变化方向及步长:从48 h开始,发酵时间逐渐缩短;从10.00 g开始,增加玉米面的添加量。其他非主要因子,以单因素试验的最优值为发酵条件,对其进行发酵培养,并测定发酵液的抑菌活性。最陡爬坡试验结果见表5。当发酵时间为36 h、玉米面为12.00 g时,发酵液的抑菌活性最大,故以此为各因子的中心点,进行后续的响应面分析优化。
根据最陡爬坡试验结果发现,显著性因子发酵时间和玉米面分别为36 h和12.00 g时,发酵液抑菌活性最大,抑菌圈平均直径达到14.56 mm。以发酵时间(36 h)和玉米面(12.00 g)为中心点,对发酵时间和玉米面进行5个水平的中心复合试验设计,中心复合试验设计见表6。根据中心复合试验设计,开展13组试验检测发酵液抑菌活性,中心复合试验结果见表7
用Minitab 20软件进行二元回归拟合,获得抑菌圈平均直径(Y)对发酵时间(X2)和玉米面(X6)的二次多项回归方程:Y=1.76+0.1911X2+ 1.524X6–0.002271X22–0.06050X62–0.00167X2X6
经显著性和方差分析后,得到F值为25.78,P值为0.000,说明回归方程拟合较好,可靠性高。抑菌圈平均直径与发酵时间、玉米面的曲面见图9,等值线见图10。由响应面的形状可知,当发酵时间(X2)为37.5,玉米面(X6)为12.09时,最大的抑菌圈平均直径为14.56 mm。
用优化的发酵培养基和发酵条件,对菌株R2A-15的发酵液抑菌活性进行验证试验(图11)。结果表明,抑菌圈平均直径达到14.56 mm,与理论计算结果14.56 mm一致,比优化前10.47 mm高4.09 mm。
采用单因素试验、Plackett-Burman试验以及响应面分析法,经验证试验最终得到菌株R2A-15的最优培养基为:玉米面12.09 g,酸水解酪蛋白4.00 g,碳酸钙2.00 g,硫酸镁2.00 g,磷酸氢二钾2.00 g,氯化钠1.00 g,蒸馏水1 L;最优发酵条件为:发酵初始pH 7.0、发酵时间37.50 h、发酵温度34 ℃、接种量3%、摇瓶装液量100 mL/250 mL。
菌株R2A-15的发酵液经不同温度处理后,抑菌圈平均直径均在13.00 mm以上,波动范围在±1.04 mm,总体活性表现稳定,结果见图12,表明其抑菌活性不随温度的变化而变化。
在不同pH条件下,菌株R2A-15发酵液的抑菌活性表现为先上升后下降的变化,结果见图13。经pH为6.0~8.0处理后抑菌圈平均直径均大于13.00 mm,抑菌活性较为稳定。在pH为2.0的条件下,对靶标菌无抑菌活性;在pH为12.0的条件下,对靶标菌的抑菌活性明显下降。说明强酸强碱能抑制该菌株发酵液活性。
菌株R2A-15的发酵液经不同时间紫外光照射后,其抑菌活性变化不显著,结果见图14。经紫外光照射后该菌株发酵液抑菌活性直径在15.00 mm左右,且波动较小,发酵液的抑菌活性在紫外条件下有所提高,最大抑菌圈平均直径达15.09 mm。结果表明,发酵液的抑菌活性在紫外线照射下有所提高。
菌株R2A-15发酵液经过不同的温度、酸碱和紫外线条件处理后,能维持较好的活性稳定性,为今后柑橘绿霉病生防菌剂的制备与应用提供参考,也将为菌株R2A-15发酵的代谢活性物开发和利用提供理论依据。
放线菌的代谢活性物往往含量较少,分离纯化难度大。此外,放线菌的生长和代谢是一个复杂的过程,会受到许多环境及培养条件的影响,在生产应用的过程中,如果缺少稳定的发酵方法,就会导致放线菌的代谢活性物在不同批次的含量波动较大,从而导致不同批次的农用抗生素的抑菌效果不同。因此,优化菌株的发酵培养基和发酵条件,是稳定提高微生物代谢活性物含量必不可少的一部分。
研究表明,不同的碳氮源选择对微生物的发酵存在不同影响,本研究对菌株R2A-15的优化结果发现,玉米面(碳源)含量对发酵液抑菌活性有显著影响,放线菌A12-2-11[30](蔗糖为碳源)、放线菌16-3-10[31](乳糖为碳源)等均受碳源影响。此外,发酵初始pH、发酵时间、发酵温度等因素能刺激放线菌代谢活性物产生,如放线菌B11[27]是发酵时间和接种量等因素,放线菌LG-9[32]是发酵时间和发酵温度等因素,本研究结果表明发酵时间对发酵液抑菌活性有显著影响。通过对菌株R2A-15的发酵培养基及发酵条件的优化,使抑菌效果提高了39%,优化后的抑制圈平均直径为14.56 mm明显比优化前(10.47 mm)的抑菌效果好。且经过筛选,发酵时间从5 d缩减到37.5 h,大大提升发酵效率,节约生产成本。
放线菌是被应用于植物病害防治的微生物,但其产生的主要活性物质在生产应用中很不稳定,从而影响放线菌的开发与应用。放线菌WMF106[21]发酵液的抑菌物质具有耐热和耐光,但对酸敏感,放线菌DA4-3-12[33]的发酵液在不同酸碱、温度和紫外照射条件下均表现良好的稳定性。与其他放线菌发酵液稳定性相似,菌株R2A-15发酵液在4~60 ℃的温度下,其抑菌圈平均直径下降幅度不超过11%,维持了较高的抑菌活性,在紫外线照射1~9 h下抑菌活性有所提高,而在pH为6.0~8.0的范围内抑菌活性较稳定,但在强酸强碱环境下,菌株R2A-15发酵液中抑菌活性有所下降。初步探究菌株R2A-15发酵液经过不同的温度、酸碱和紫外线条件处理后,能维持较好的活性稳定性。
菌株发酵液具有较好的抑菌活性和稳定性,能更好的开发和利用其发酵产物。HE等[34]报道放线菌A217发酵液有较好的抑菌和防病效果,其发酵产物对多种植物病原真菌和细菌表现出较好的抑菌活性,放线菌A217可作为植物病害生物防治剂的潜在应用。XIU等[35]报道菌株AM-4发酵液对指状青霉的菌丝生长抑制率为66.23%,菌株AM-4的发酵提取物对柑橘绿霉病的防治效果好,作为生防菌株具有良好的开发利用前景。在本研究中,从红橙植株根部土壤中分离的菌株R2A-15,具有产生对指状青霉抑菌活性强、稳定性好的代谢产物的能力,可进一步开展菌株R2A-15在柑橘绿霉病染病植株上的抑菌效果评估等应用试验,从而为实现拮抗柑橘绿霉病的生防菌产品开发和应用奠定基础。
  • 广州工商学院2021年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202113714005)
  • 广州工商学院2023年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202313714005)
  • 广州工商学院2022年度校级科研项目(KYYB202225)
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2024年第45卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.018
  • 接收时间:2023-09-15
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-15
  • 修回日期:2023-12-05
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广州工商学院2021年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202113714005)
广州工商学院2023年度国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202313714005)
广州工商学院2022年度校级科研项目(KYYB202225)
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    广州工商学院,广东佛山 528135

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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