Article(id=1276262789224198354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703174400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-22, revisedDate=1704643200000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782214360766, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782214360766, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782214360766, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782214360766, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276262756814815737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='8', pageStart='1521', pageEnd='1760', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1724515200000', pubDateStr='2024-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782214353040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782214460949, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276263209816420383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276262756814815737, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1641, endPage=1650, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276262789521993940, articleId=1276262789224198354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Response Analysis of Plant Nutrient Composition Characteristics of Ficus hirta Vahl under Different Light Intensity, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Five shading levels (0, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%) were set up to analyze the biomass distribution patterns, the differences in mineral element composition characteristics and nutrient accumulation of Ficus hirta Vahl (FH). The average plasticity index of the biomass indicators of FH was 0.81. The proportion of stem biomass was less affected by shading, while fruit biomass and its proportion were significantly affected. 90% shading level inhibited fruit production, while the 50% shading level exhibited the highest fruit biomass proportion. Shading increased nitrogen and potassium content in FH, while decreasing calcium and phosphorus. The calcium-to- phosphorus ratio ranged from 1.65 to 6.32, with lower ratios in fruits and higher ratios in leaves. Among trace elements, iron content was most affected by shading. 70% and 90% shading levels led to a more than 65% reduction in iron content compared to the control. The iron content was most affected by shading. Under shading, the crude protein content in FH leaves and fruits ranged from 13.91% to 16.82% and 12.22% to 16.46%, respectively. The average content of crude fiber in leaves and fruits was 13.73% and 17.33%, respectively. The ether extract content in FH fruit planted in the full light was the highest, at 13.30%. Shading significantly reduced the content of flavonoids in leaves, stems, and fruits of FH, but the polyphenol content in the leaves and fruits reached its highest under 30% shading rate. In conclusion, The production mainly based on seed harvesting for seedling breeding is not suitable for high shading cultivation. 50% shading level can be used to improve the fruiting rate. Shading altered the accumulation and composition ratio of nutrient in different plant parts. When used as feed material, environmental impact and nutrient ratio adjustments should be considered in FH cultivation. 30% shading rate is better for FH planting when using its leaves as materials for beverage production.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shuna YUAN, Jian PAN, Jianxiong HUANG, Qing GUI, Dinghua ZHENG, Haibin CAI, Xiuquan WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuquan WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276262793150066924, articleId=1276262789224198354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=遮光对五指毛桃植株生物量分配及营养成分组成特征的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过搭建遮阴棚设置5个遮光率处理(0、30%、50%、70%、90%),分析不同光照强度下五指毛桃生物量指标的分配规律及各部分矿质元素组成特征、营养成分积累差异。结果表明:五指毛桃生物量指标可塑性指数平均值为0.81,茎生物量占比受遮光影响较小,果生物量及其占比受遮光影响较大,90%遮光率处理一年生五指毛桃植株不结果;50%遮光率处理五指毛桃植株果生物量占比最高;遮光会增加五指毛桃植株常量元素中氮和钾的含量,降低钙和磷的含量;五指毛桃植株钙磷比变化范围为1.65~6.32,果实钙磷比较低,叶片钙磷比较高;微量元素中,铁含量受遮光影响最大;70%和90%遮光率处理五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中铁含量较对照降低65%以上;遮光处理五指毛桃叶片粗蛋白含量范围为13.91%~16.82%,果实粗蛋白含量范围为12.22%~16.46%;叶片和果实粗纤维平均含量分别为13.73%和17.33%;全光照种植五指毛桃果实中粗脂肪含量最高,为13.30%;遮阴显著降低五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中黄酮类化合物含量,但五指毛桃叶片和果实中的多酚含量在30%遮光率处理下达到最高。综上,以采收种子进行种苗繁育为主的生产不适宜在荫蔽度较高的环境下进行,可以用50%遮光种植,以提高结实率。同时遮阴会改变五指毛桃各部位养分积累和组成比例,在用其叶片、茎秆和果实作饲料原料时应注意五指毛桃种植环境对其营养成分组成的影响,合理进行各养分比例调整。而利用其叶片作为饮料原料时,以种植在30%遮光率环境中为宜。

, authors=

袁淑娜(1982—),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:林下资源收集与应用。

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* 王秀全(WANG Xiuquan),E-mail:
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Research progress on distribution and bioactivity of polyphenols in plants[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2023, 54(17): 5825-5832. 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Effects of shade on the growth and accumulation of flavonoids compounds in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja seedlings[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural University, 2022, 49(3): 359-367. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of shade on the growth and accumulation of flavonoids compounds in Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja seedlings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269274842919108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=70, issue=45, pageStart=14544, pageEnd=14558, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=48, authorNames=SHAO C Y, DENG Z Y, LIU J, LI Y F, ZHANG C Y, YAO S H, SHEN C W, journalName=Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO C Y, DENG Z Y, LIU J, LI Y F, ZHANG C Y, YAO S H, SHEN C W. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of different shading treatments on physiology, biochemistry and total flavonoids of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum in Zhejiang Province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269275056828615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=1244, pageEnd=1247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=51, authorNames=苏文华, 张光飞, 李秀华, 顾发祥, 石秉亮, journalName=中草药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏文华, 张光飞, 李秀华, 顾发祥, 石秉亮. 光强和光质对灯盏花生长与总黄酮量影响的研究[J]. 中草药, 2006(8): 1244-1247., articleTitle=光强和光质对灯盏花生长与总黄酮量影响的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276269275132326088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=8, pageStart=1244, pageEnd=1247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=52, authorNames=SU W H, ZHANG G F, LI X H, GU F X, SHI B L, journalName=Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU W H, ZHANG G F, LI X H, GU F X, SHI B L. Effect of light intensity and light quality on growth and total flavonoid accumulation of Erigeron breviscapus[J]. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs, 2006(8): 1244-1247. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of light intensity and light quality on growth and total flavonoid accumulation of Erigeron breviscapus, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276269269415489680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, awardId=ZDYF2023XDNY081, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023XDNY081), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276269269486792849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, awardId=320MS110, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(320MS110), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276269252822822994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269252831211603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, companyId=1276269252822822994, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs / Research Center for Utilization of Under-forest Resources, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276269252843794516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, companyId=1276269252822822994, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站/中国热带农业科学院林下资源综合利用研究中心,海南儋州 571737)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276269265548341376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effects of shading treatments on plasticity index of F. hirta Vahl, figureFileSmall=HAKpKDdOitVwg5gQ3fDHtA==, figureFileBig=z+oJiLfY1djF0UA1C3SbSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269265615450241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=CN, label=图1, caption=遮光处理下五指毛桃生物量指标可塑性指数, figureFileSmall=HAKpKDdOitVwg5gQ3fDHtA==, figureFileBig=z+oJiLfY1djF0UA1C3SbSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269265959383170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=N, P, K content in different parts of F. hirta Vahl under different shading conditions

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=dqn8lR8ql2affi7worr0KQ==, figureFileBig=ajNXfJjbigZEdN2UnfZvwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269266039074947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同遮光率处理五指毛桃不同部位氮、磷、钾含量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=dqn8lR8ql2affi7worr0KQ==, figureFileBig=ajNXfJjbigZEdN2UnfZvwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269266122961028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Ca, Mg content in different parts of F. hirta Vahl under different shading conditions

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=AmnUIsuLOezUWbSryA6RpQ==, figureFileBig=WID9PI7L5XKZa6Qe2gTQag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269266437533829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同遮光率处理五指毛桃不同部位钙、镁含量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=AmnUIsuLOezUWbSryA6RpQ==, figureFileBig=WID9PI7L5XKZa6Qe2gTQag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269266794049670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of shading treatments on calcium-tophosphorus ratio of in different parts of Ficus hirta Vahl, figureFileSmall=aoOTkDGfTc40+MvLTTadJg==, figureFileBig=hmC0FHim2GVxqh4qg6CIPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269266873741447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同遮光率处理五指毛桃不同部位钙磷比表现, figureFileSmall=aoOTkDGfTc40+MvLTTadJg==, figureFileBig=hmC0FHim2GVxqh4qg6CIPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269266966016136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn accumulation in different parts of F. hirta Vahl under different shading conditions

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=AdsNdhtpdGsXLjALBDRTPg==, figureFileBig=w2rWSZdcdZLDwHswW/L9UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269267058290825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同遮光率处理五指毛桃不同部位铁、锰、铜、锌积累

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=AdsNdhtpdGsXLjALBDRTPg==, figureFileBig=w2rWSZdcdZLDwHswW/L9UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269267221868682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Polyphenol and flavonoid content in different parts of F. hirta Vahl under different shading conditions

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=bAjWN78Rby6WC3LDcR90JA==, figureFileBig=wCN6ALX+7DzqZP3w/uOajg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269268794732683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同遮光率处理五指毛桃不同部位多酚和黄酮含量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=bAjWN78Rby6WC3LDcR90JA==, figureFileBig=wCN6ALX+7DzqZP3w/uOajg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269268891201676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, starch and sugar accumulation in different parts of F. hirta Vahl under different shading conditions

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=OTgPYE8Qa819rGrvtRIvJA==, figureFileBig=jkyltCH3eS/QrmFq3ptMHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269268958310541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同遮光率处理五指毛桃不同部位营养成分积累的变化

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=OTgPYE8Qa819rGrvtRIvJA==, figureFileBig=jkyltCH3eS/QrmFq3ptMHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276269269029613710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Aboveground biomasses allocation of F. hirta Vahl under different shading conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
遮光率Shading rate/%AGB/(g·plant–1)LMR/%FMR/%SMR/%
0563.78a20.51d4.67b74.83a
30417.12b28.36c3.71c67.94ab
50288.26c29.93c7.51a62.55bc
70245.52c34.90b4.42b60.68bc
9021.68d45.55a0.00d54.45c
F533.4532.96290.5517.37
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1276269269117694095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276262789224198354, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同遮光率处理五指毛桃地上部分生物量分配

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
遮光率Shading rate/%AGB/(g·plant–1)LMR/%FMR/%SMR/%
0563.78a20.51d4.67b74.83a
30417.12b28.36c3.71c67.94ab
50288.26c29.93c7.51a62.55bc
70245.52c34.90b4.42b60.68bc
9021.68d45.55a0.00d54.45c
F533.4532.96290.5517.37
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
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遮光对五指毛桃植株生物量分配及营养成分组成特征的影响
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袁淑娜 , 潘剑 , 黄坚雄 , 桂青 , 郑定华 , 蔡海滨 , 王秀全 *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(8): 1641-1650
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (8) : 1641 -1650
遮光对五指毛桃植株生物量分配及营养成分组成特征的影响
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袁淑娜, 潘剑, 黄坚雄, 桂青, 郑定华, 蔡海滨, 王秀全*
作者信息
  • 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站/中国热带农业科学院林下资源综合利用研究中心,海南儋州 571737
通讯作者:
* 王秀全(WANG Xiuquan),E-mail:
Response Analysis of Plant Nutrient Composition Characteristics of Ficus hirta Vahl under Different Light Intensity
Shuna YUAN, Jian PAN, Jianxiong HUANG, Qing GUI, Dinghua ZHENG, Haibin CAI, Xiuquan WANG*
Affiliations
  • Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Danzhou Investigation & Experiment Station of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs / Research Center for Utilization of Under-forest Resources, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.013
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通过搭建遮阴棚设置5个遮光率处理(0、30%、50%、70%、90%),分析不同光照强度下五指毛桃生物量指标的分配规律及各部分矿质元素组成特征、营养成分积累差异。结果表明:五指毛桃生物量指标可塑性指数平均值为0.81,茎生物量占比受遮光影响较小,果生物量及其占比受遮光影响较大,90%遮光率处理一年生五指毛桃植株不结果;50%遮光率处理五指毛桃植株果生物量占比最高;遮光会增加五指毛桃植株常量元素中氮和钾的含量,降低钙和磷的含量;五指毛桃植株钙磷比变化范围为1.65~6.32,果实钙磷比较低,叶片钙磷比较高;微量元素中,铁含量受遮光影响最大;70%和90%遮光率处理五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中铁含量较对照降低65%以上;遮光处理五指毛桃叶片粗蛋白含量范围为13.91%~16.82%,果实粗蛋白含量范围为12.22%~16.46%;叶片和果实粗纤维平均含量分别为13.73%和17.33%;全光照种植五指毛桃果实中粗脂肪含量最高,为13.30%;遮阴显著降低五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中黄酮类化合物含量,但五指毛桃叶片和果实中的多酚含量在30%遮光率处理下达到最高。综上,以采收种子进行种苗繁育为主的生产不适宜在荫蔽度较高的环境下进行,可以用50%遮光种植,以提高结实率。同时遮阴会改变五指毛桃各部位养分积累和组成比例,在用其叶片、茎秆和果实作饲料原料时应注意五指毛桃种植环境对其营养成分组成的影响,合理进行各养分比例调整。而利用其叶片作为饮料原料时,以种植在30%遮光率环境中为宜。

五指毛桃  /  遮阴  /  生物量分配  /  营养成分

Five shading levels (0, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90%) were set up to analyze the biomass distribution patterns, the differences in mineral element composition characteristics and nutrient accumulation of Ficus hirta Vahl (FH). The average plasticity index of the biomass indicators of FH was 0.81. The proportion of stem biomass was less affected by shading, while fruit biomass and its proportion were significantly affected. 90% shading level inhibited fruit production, while the 50% shading level exhibited the highest fruit biomass proportion. Shading increased nitrogen and potassium content in FH, while decreasing calcium and phosphorus. The calcium-to- phosphorus ratio ranged from 1.65 to 6.32, with lower ratios in fruits and higher ratios in leaves. Among trace elements, iron content was most affected by shading. 70% and 90% shading levels led to a more than 65% reduction in iron content compared to the control. The iron content was most affected by shading. Under shading, the crude protein content in FH leaves and fruits ranged from 13.91% to 16.82% and 12.22% to 16.46%, respectively. The average content of crude fiber in leaves and fruits was 13.73% and 17.33%, respectively. The ether extract content in FH fruit planted in the full light was the highest, at 13.30%. Shading significantly reduced the content of flavonoids in leaves, stems, and fruits of FH, but the polyphenol content in the leaves and fruits reached its highest under 30% shading rate. In conclusion, The production mainly based on seed harvesting for seedling breeding is not suitable for high shading cultivation. 50% shading level can be used to improve the fruiting rate. Shading altered the accumulation and composition ratio of nutrient in different plant parts. When used as feed material, environmental impact and nutrient ratio adjustments should be considered in FH cultivation. 30% shading rate is better for FH planting when using its leaves as materials for beverage production.

Ficus hirta Vahl  /  shading  /  biomass distribution  /  nutritional components
袁淑娜, 潘剑, 黄坚雄, 桂青, 郑定华, 蔡海滨, 王秀全. 遮光对五指毛桃植株生物量分配及营养成分组成特征的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1641 -1650 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.013
Shuna YUAN, Jian PAN, Jianxiong HUANG, Qing GUI, Dinghua ZHENG, Haibin CAI, Xiuquan WANG. Response Analysis of Plant Nutrient Composition Characteristics of Ficus hirta Vahl under Different Light Intensity[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (8) : 1641 -1650 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.013
五指毛桃为中药名,是桑科植物粗叶榕(Ficus hirta Vahl)的干燥根,因其植株叶片似人手有五裂而得名,又名南芪、五爪金龙、五指牛奶等,是华南地区传统药材及药食同源植物,富含多种人体必需氨基酸和药用氨基酸,最早记载于清代医药学家何谏的《生草药性备要》[1-2]。现代药理学研究结果显示,五指毛桃根部提取物的主要化学成分为补骨脂素,具有抗菌、抗炎镇痛、增强免疫力、保肝、镇咳平喘、抗氧化损伤等药理活性,可作为一些中成药的原材料[3-5]。五指毛桃除了根部的药用价值,关于其植株的应用也日渐增多,叶片可用以制作茶叶,提取黄酮类化合物,果实可以用来泡酒,制作果脯,叶、茎和果均可作为动物饲料的原材料等。但关于五指毛桃植株的应用研究较少,且缺乏相关的文献报道。
野生五指毛桃多生长于山地疏林或灌丛中,耐阴性较好,野生转栽培后,可种植于裸地或林地,以充分利用林下土地资源[6-7]。不同林地光照条件差异较大,而光照强度不仅会影响植物的生物量积累和分配,亦会改变植株的养分组成[8-9]。本课题组之前的研究发现五指毛桃叶片和果实中矿质营养含量丰富,且橡胶林下间作会改变其矿质营养比例[10]。这种改变与林下光照条件的改变密切相关。为进一步分析光照强度对五指毛桃植株发育和养分积累的影响,本研究以五指毛桃种子苗为实验材料,通过搭建遮阴棚,设置5个遮光率处理,分析不同条件下五指毛桃植株地上部分生物量分配模式变化、矿质元素含量及组成差异,黄酮、多酚、粗蛋白、粗纤维、可溶性糖和淀粉等养分含量变化规律,为五指毛桃植株在不同种植环境下的高值化应用提供理论基础。
试验所用植物材料为2019年底所繁育的五指毛桃种子苗,移栽时苗高10~15 cm,3~5片叶。五指毛桃为项目组野外采集的海南本地野生材料,经多年驯化选育而成。该材料多年生,种植一年后可结实。叶互生,叶形掌状五裂,根浅黄色,皮柔韧,有香气,繁殖方式为种子繁殖。
所用仪器:T6新世纪紫外可见分光光度计;YN-LWY84B消煮炉;FP6410火焰光度计;GZX-9240MBE烘箱;岛津AA-6650原子吸收光谱仪;KXX-12-12箱式电阻炉;Mettler ME204E万分天平;SB-5200DT双频超声波清洗机。
试验于2020年3月至2021年5月在中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所A点苗圃(19°32′55″N、109°28′30″E)进行。遮光方式为采用4种不同透光率的黑色遮阴网搭建成东西走向,长×宽×高为35 m×5 m×4 m的遮阴棚,以全光照(遮光率为0)为对照。通过TES-1332A照度计对各棚内的实际遮光率进行多点多次测量,得出4个棚的遮光率分别为30%(轻度遮光),50%(中度遮光),70%(高度遮光)和90%(重度遮光)。2020年3月将五指毛桃种子苗移栽入5个遮阴棚,种植株行距均为80 cm×80 cm。
(1)生物量测定。于2020年3月在对照和4个遮阴棚内每个小区随机取五指毛桃植株10株,将每株按照叶片、茎杆和果实分别取样,装入纸袋,于烘箱内105 ℃杀青1 h,85 ℃烘干至恒重,记录重量,所得数据分别为各部分的生物量。分别表示为:叶生物量(leaf biomass,LB,g/株)、茎生物量(stem biomass,SB,g/株)、果实生物量(fruit biomass,FB,g/株)、地上部分总生物量(aboveground biomass,AGB,g/株)。生物量占比计算公式如下:
烘干后的五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实,粉碎,装袋,用于植株营养成分含量测定。五指毛桃植株样品由中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所栽培学科重点实验室完成测定。
(2)矿质元素含量测定。氮含量采用凯氏定氮法测定,磷含量采用以抗坏血酸为还原剂的钼蓝比色法测定,钾含量采用火焰光度计法测定,钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌含量采用原子吸收分光光度计法测定,各元素待测液制备及测定方法同袁淑娜等[10]的方法。
(3)多酚和黄酮含量测定。多酚采用福林酚比色法测定[11];黄酮采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠显色法测定[12]
(4)粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、可溶性糖和淀粉含量测定。粗蛋白含量采用凯氏定氮法测定,粗脂肪含量采用索氏浸提法测定,粗纤维含量采用酸碱消煮法测定[13];可溶性糖和淀粉含量采用蒽酮比色法测定[14]
用Excel 2010和SPSS 17.0软件进行数据处理和统计分析,在P<0.05统计水平上采用LSD法进行差异显著性检验。
表1可知,遮光对五指毛桃地上部分生物量(AGB)、叶生物量占比(LMR)、茎生物量占比(SMR)和果生物量占比(FMR)均有显著影响。随着遮光率增加,AGB和SMR显著降低,LMR则显著增加,FMR在50%遮光率处理下最大。由F值可知,遮光对五指毛桃生物量性状影响顺序为:AGB>FMR>LMR>SMR。
30%遮光率处理五指毛桃AGB为对照的73.99%,50%、70%遮光率处理五指毛桃AGB分别为对照的51.13%和43.55%,但90%遮光率处理AGB仅为对照的3.85%。AGB在50%和70%遮光率间差异较小。30%、50%、70%和90%遮光率处理LMR较对照分别增加38.27%、45.94%、70.16%和122.10%,差异显著(P<0.05)。50%、70%和90%遮光率处理SMR较对照分别降低16.39%、18.91%和27.23%,差异显著(P<0.05)。SMR在30%~70%遮光率间差异较小。50%遮光率处理五指毛桃FMR最大,较对照增加61.01%,30%遮光率处理FMR较对照降低20.47%,差异显著(P<0.05);90%遮光率处理一年生五指毛桃植株无果实。
五指毛桃生物量指标对遮光的PI平均值为0.81(图1),FB和FMR的PI为1,AGB、LB、SB的PI均大于0.90,LMR和SMR的PI分别为0.55和0.27。
适度遮光能提高五指毛桃植株氮含量,但叶片、茎杆和果实中氮含量随遮光率增加变化规律不同(图2)。30%和70%遮光率处理叶片氮含量较对照分别增加20.96%和19.41%,差异显著(P<0.05)。70%遮光率处理茎秆氮含量最高,较对照增加52.79%,差异显著(P<0.05)。50%遮光率处理果实中氮含量最高,较对照增加34.68%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
4个遮光处理茎秆磷含量均低于对照,50%、70%和90%遮光率处理茎秆中磷含量较对照分别降低36.18%、32.54%和41.85%,差异显著(P<0.05)。叶片和果实中磷含量各处理间无显著差异。
70%和90%遮光率处理叶片钾含量较对照分别增加32.56%和38.45%,差异显著(P<0.05)。50%和90%遮光率处理茎秆钾含量较对照分别增加17.99%和49.43%,差异显著(P<0.05)。50%和70%遮光率处理果实中K含量较对照分别增加19.94%和31.72%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
图3可知,30%和70%遮光率处理五指毛桃叶片钙含量较对照分别降低25.08%和19.42%,差异显著(P<0.05)。30%、50%、70%和90%遮光率处理茎秆钙含量较对照分别降低27.36%、29.57%、43.13%和17.62%,差异显著(P<0.05)。30%、50%和70%遮光率处理果实钙含量较对照分别降低23.99%、18.75%和41.22%,差异显著(P<0.05)。五指毛桃植株钙磷比如图4所示,其中叶片的钙磷比为4.79~6.32,茎秆的钙磷比为3.25~5.74,果实的钙磷比为1.65~2.97。
图3可知,遮光处理五指毛桃叶片镁含量增加,茎秆镁含量降低。50%、70%和90%遮光率处理叶片镁含量较对照分别增加28.60%、22.29%和37.05%,差异显著(P<0.05)。30%、50%、70%和90%遮光率处理茎秆镁含量较对照分别降低31.48%、23.47%、39.54%和37.69%,差异显著(P<0.05)。果实镁含量以50%遮光率最高,较对照显著增加24.32%(P<0.05);30%和70%遮光率处理果实镁含量较对照显著降低29.50%和7.53%(P<0.05)。
图5可知,五指毛桃叶片和果实中铁含量表现规律一致,中、高和重度遮光处理(50%、70%和90%遮光率)叶片和果实中铁含量显著降低。50%、70%和90%遮光率处理叶片中铁含量较对照分别降低16.26%、70.98%和74.98%,差异显著(P<0.05)。30%、50%、70%和90%遮光率处理茎秆中铁含量较对照分别降低47.3%、23.44%、65.35%和68.69%,差异显著(P<0.05)。50%和70%遮光率处理果实铁含量较对照分别降低39.21%和68.36%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
遮光可提高五指毛桃叶片锰含量,30%,50%和90%遮光率处理叶片锰含量较对照分别增加25.92%,16.96%和46.93%,差异显著(P<0.05)。90%遮光率处理茎杆锰含量较对照增加20.51%,差异显著(P<0.05)。果实锰含量各处理间无显著差异。
90%遮光率处理叶片铜含量较对照降低20.41%,差异显著(P<0.05),其余处理叶片铜含量与对照无显著差异。50%遮光率处理茎秆铜含量最高,90%遮光率处理茎秆铜含量最低,与对照均无显著差异。30%和70%遮光率处理果实铜含量较对照分别增加18.34%和38.75%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
70%遮光率处理叶片中Zn含量较全光照对照增加29.01%,30%遮光率处理叶片中Zn含量较对照降低24.27%,差异显著(P<0.05)。遮阴处理茎秆和果实中锌含量均显著低于对照,且随着遮光率增大呈先降低后增加的趋势。
图6可知,在对照和遮光各处理中,多酚和黄酮均主要集中在五指毛桃叶片部位,叶片多酚含量(各处理平均值)分别是茎杆和果实的4.13倍和2.95倍。30%遮光率处理叶片多酚含量最高,较对照增加21.84%,差异显著(P<0.05)。70%和90%遮光率处理叶片多酚含量较对照降低32.56%和32.98%。30%和50%遮光率处理果实多酚含量较对照增加36.61%和17.05%,70%遮光率处理果实多酚含量较对照降低25.18%,差异显著(P<0.05)。各处理间茎秆多酚含量差异不显著。五指毛桃叶片黄酮含量(各处理平均值)是茎杆和果实的2.57倍和1.42倍。遮光处理五指毛桃叶片和果实中黄酮含量均显著低于对照。30%,50%和70%遮光率处理的茎秆中黄酮含量显著低于对照。
图7可知,五指毛桃叶片和果实粗蛋白含量较高,茎秆中粗蛋白含量较低。30%和70%遮光率处理叶片,70%遮光率处理茎秆和50%遮光率处理果实中的粗蛋白含量均显著高于对照(P<0.05)。70%遮光率处理五指毛桃叶片粗纤维较对照降低21.07%,差异显著(P<0.05)。30%,50%和70%遮光率处理下五指毛桃茎秆的粗纤维含量较对照分别增加10.89%,1.32%和8.63%,差异显著(P<0.05)。70%遮光率处理果实粗纤维含量较对照显著降低38.69%。由图7可知,五指毛桃果实粗脂肪含量高于叶片和茎秆。30%、70%和90%遮光率处理五指毛桃叶片粗脂肪较对照分别增加34.38%、56.21%和52.86%,差异显著(P<0.05)。90%遮光率处理茎秆中粗脂肪显著高于对照。30%和50%遮光率处理果实中粗脂肪含量较对照分别降低17.23%和22.43%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
30%、50%和70%遮光率处理对五指毛桃叶片可溶性糖含量无显著影响,90%遮光率处理叶片可溶性糖含量降低19.32%,差异显著(P<0.05)。各遮光处理五指毛桃茎秆可溶性糖含量与对照均无显著差异。30%遮光率处理五指毛桃果实可溶性糖较对照增加58.08%,差异显著(P<0.05)。70%和90%遮光率处理显著降低叶片和茎杆中的淀粉含量,果实中淀粉含量各处理间无显著差异。
生物量分配可塑性是植物通过调节各构件生物量分配,以应对环境变化,实现资源利用最大化的生存策略[15-16]。本研究结果显示遮光处理下五指毛桃植株叶生物量占比增加,茎秆生物量占比降低。说明随着光照强度减弱,五指毛桃植株优先将生物量分配至叶片,增加叶面积,以保证有更多的光合产物维持自身的生长发育,与其他作物的研究结果一致[17]。PI的大小反映植物对环境变化适应能力的强弱。遮光处理下五指毛桃果实生物量及占比的PI高于其他形态指标,表明果实生物量对光环境适应调节能力较强,在重度遮阴(90%遮光率)条件下,一年生五指毛桃通过放弃结果来适应环境。在其他作物中亦有研究证实,随着光照强度减弱,植物会减少甚至放弃生殖分配,与本研究结果一致[18]。但在50%遮荫条件下,五指毛桃虽然生物量降低,但是果实占比增加明显,可达到7.51%。而在林下种植时,一年生五指毛桃的果实生物量占比仅为1.64%,和在阴棚种植数据差异较大[10]。这种差异可能与橡胶园遮光率更大有关,林下平均荫蔽度大于60%,也可能与2个试验基地的土壤条件和管理水平存在差异有关。从林下和阴棚种植结果看,以采收种子进行种苗繁育为主的生产不适宜在林下进行,植株结实率较低,可以用50%遮阴网种植,结实率较高。但遮阴对五指毛桃果实发育,种子发芽率是否有影响,还需进一步研究。
五指毛桃植株矿质元素含量丰富[10],本研究发现,遮阴会增加五指毛桃植株常量元素中氮和钾的含量,降低钙和磷的含量。五指毛桃叶片中钙含量随遮光率改变的范围为0.95%~1.33%,均高于常规饲料原料玉米和大豆的钙含量[19],接近苜蓿,低于桑树和杂交构树等[20]。但五指毛桃叶片,茎秆和果实的钙磷比在各个遮光率处理下均偏高,在用做饲料原料时应注意对其钙磷比的调整。微量元素中,铁含量受遮阴的影响最大。高度和重度遮阴(70%和90%遮光率)处理下五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中铁含量较对照降低65%以上。五指毛桃茎秆中锌含量显著高于叶片和果实,依据牧草中微量元素的分级和评价指标[19],全光照,70%和90%遮光率处理五指毛桃茎秆和70%遮光率处理五指毛桃叶片中的锌含量等级为很高,其余处理叶片、茎秆和果实中锌含量的等级均为高。因此,在生产上应用时,应考虑五指毛桃种植环境对其植株矿质元素含量的影响。
粗蛋白、粗纤维是饲用植物资源营养品质的重要指标,一般认为粗蛋白含量越高,粗纤维含量越低的饲用植物,营养价值越高[20]。遮光处理下五指毛桃叶片的粗蛋白含量范围为13.91%~ 16.82%;果实粗蛋白含量范围为12.22%~16.46%,均高于常规饲料原料玉米[19],但低于苜蓿[21]和杂交构树[20],与牛鞭草和甘薯蔓的蛋白质含量接近[22]。五指毛桃叶片和果实的粗纤维含量分别为13.73%和17.33%,远低于常规饲料原料植物苜蓿,因此五指毛桃的叶片和果实均为饲用价值较高的优质蛋白饲料原料。五指毛桃茎秆的蛋白质含量较低,且粗纤维含量较高,饲用价值较低。粗脂肪是一种含高热值的营养成分,可以提高饲料的适口性[23]。露地种植五指毛桃果实中粗脂肪含量最高,为13.30%,中低度遮光条件下,粗脂肪含量略有下降。
多酚类化合物是植物中非常重要的次生代谢产物,被称为人类“第7类营养素”[24]。黄酮是多酚的一种,五指毛桃多酚和黄酮积累的主要部位是叶片和果实,茎秆中含量较低。光照影响植物次生代谢物的合成与积累[25],而不同植物适应多酚类化合物积累的光照强度不同[26]。70%的遮阴处理下三叶青块根和叶片中总黄酮含量最高,但灯盏花的总黄酮含量在全光照下最高[27-28]。本研究中,遮光显著降低了五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中黄酮类化合物含量。因此,在五指毛桃的栽培过程中,光照条件好的土地条件种植五指毛桃,其叶部和果实中黄酮含量更高。但五指毛桃叶片和果实中的多酚含量在30%遮光率处理下达到最高。结果表明,遮光会改变五指毛桃叶片和果实中营养成分含量和组成比例,生产中用五指毛桃叶、果进行饮品制作等需要考虑种植地光照条件对品质相关化学成分的影响。
遮光对一年生五指毛桃生殖生长影响较大,以采收种子进行种苗繁育为主的生产不适宜在荫蔽度较高的环境下进行,植株结实率较低,可以用50%遮阴网种植,以提高结实率。同时遮阴会改变五指毛桃各部位养分积累和组成比例,在用其叶片、果实作饲料原料时,应注意五指毛桃种植环境对其营养成分组成的影响,合理进行各养分比例调整。而利用其叶片作为饮料原料时,以种植在30%遮光率环境中为宜。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023XDNY081)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(320MS110)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.08.013
  • 接收时间:2023-12-22
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-22
  • 修回日期:2024-01-08
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海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2023XDNY081)
海南省自然科学基金项目(320MS110)
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    中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站/中国热带农业科学院林下资源综合利用研究中心,海南儋州 571737

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* 王秀全(WANG Xiuquan),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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