Article(id=1276238231393928060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725984000000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-11, revisedDate=1727280000000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782208505723, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782208505723, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782208505723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782208505723, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276238094940639467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='247', pageEnd='489', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782208473191, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782208527160, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=256, endPage=265, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276238231704306558, articleId=1276238231393928060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Transcriptome Profiles of Postharvest White-Fleshed Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in Response to Methyl Jasmonate Treatment, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The molecular mechanism underlying white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in response to MeJA treatment during the fruit postharvest ripening was investigated. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) response to MeJA treatment were analyzed by the digital gene expression profiling technology. The results showed that compared with the control, a total of 15 596 DEGs, including 6135 up-regulated genes and 9461 down-regulated genes, were identified. Gene ontology analysis showed that most DEGs were involved in cell metabolism, biological regulation, biosynthesis, catalysis, binding activities and transport activities. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that all DEGs were assigned in many pathways, mainly involving in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, protein processing and starch and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, the transcripts of most genes involved in ethylene-signaling transduction and cell-wall degradation, belonging to ERF, EIN, XTH, PG and XTH family, were found to be significantly down-regulated. These results strongly suggest that MeJA treatment may be involved in delaying the softening of white-pitaya by restraining the ethylene-signaling transduction and retarding the degradation of cell wall during postharvest ripening. The results would lay a foundation for further research on developing the more efficient postharvest preservation technology for tropical fruits.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shengnan ZHU, Hairong LIN, Yuxing MO, Haili LI, Jindi WANG, Kaidong LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Kaidong LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276238234556433292, articleId=1276238231393928060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=茉莉酸甲酯调控白肉火龙果采后成熟的转录组分析, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以白肉火龙果(Hylocereus undatus)为材料,研究茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理调控白肉火龙果采后成熟的机制。利用高通量测序的数字基因表达谱(DEGs)技术,对MeJA处理16 d的白肉火龙果果实和对照组的样品进行差异基因表达谱分析。结果显示,MeJA处理导致15 596个基因差异表达,其中上调表达基因6135个,下调表达基因9461个。GO功能显著性富集分析表明,差异表达基因主要涉及细胞过程、生物调节、物质合成、催化活性、结合活性和转运活性等。KEGG基因通路富集分析发现,差异表达基因富集于多条代谢通路上,主要涉及光合作用、植物激素信号转导、蛋白质加工、淀粉和糖类代谢等代谢途径。进一步分析发现,MeJA处理导致多个参与乙烯信号途径和细胞壁代谢途径的基因表达量显著下调,如ERF、EIN、XTH、PG和PME家族成员等。上述结果表明,MeJA处理可能抑制了乙烯信号转导和细胞壁代谢过程,从而延缓白肉火龙果采后成熟,延长果实的贮藏时间。本研究结果将为热带特色水果采后保鲜技术的开发与应用奠定基础。

, authors=

朱胜男(1993—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:热带水果采后生物学。

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* 刘锴栋(LIU Kaidong),E-mail:
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朱胜男(1993—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:热带水果采后生物学。

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朱胜男(1993—),女,博士,讲师,研究方向:热带水果采后生物学。

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Plant Cell, 2022, 34(9): 3280-3300., articleTitle=A molecular framework of ethylene-mediated fruit growth and ripening processes in tomato, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238252759711747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238231393928060, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=3, pageStart=1038, pageEnd=1057, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=57, authorNames=DENG L, YANG T X, LI Q, CHANG Z Q, SUN C L, JIANG H L, MENG X W, HUANG T T, LI C B, ZHONG S L, LI C Y, journalName=Plant Cell, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DENG L, YANG T X, LI Q, CHANG Z Q, SUN C L, JIANG H L, MENG X W, HUANG T T, LI C B, ZHONG S L, LI C Y. Tomato MED25 regulates fruit ripening by interacting with EIN3- like transcription factors[J]. 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The Plant Journal, 2020, 103(4): 1318-1337., articleTitle=CpARF2 and CpEIL1 interact to mediate auxin-ethylene interaction and regulate fruit ripening in papaya, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238252914900997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238231393928060, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=276, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=59, authorNames=WANG H B, CHENG X, WU C, FAN G J, LI T T, DONG C, journalName=Scientia Horticulturase, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H B, CHENG X, WU C, FAN G J, LI T T, DONG C. Retardation of postharvest softening of blueberry fruit by methyl jasmonate is correlated with altered cell wall modification and energy metabolism[J]. 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* indicates significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=/UCLDCd2eY8x0IFYVuDz2g==, figureFileBig=k0ysNpJza/J4lmD44E+Qug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238242777269180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238231393928060, language=CN, label=图1, caption=MeJA处理下白肉火龙果果实硬度(A)和可溶性固形物含量差异(B)

*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Regulation of DEGs involved in respiratory pathways by MeJA treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因ID Gene IDRPKMlog2 Ratio (MeJA/CK)表达模式Expression patternPP value错误发现率FDR基因功能注释Gene function annotation
CKMeJA
Unigene00211359.0830.324–4.810下调7.69E-062.62E-056-磷酸果糖激酶
Unigene00262939.3690.001–13.194下调3.85E-062.62E-056-磷酸果糖激酶
Unigene0005502163.71619.787–3.049下调2.41E-852.62E-05异柠檬酸脱氢酶
Unigene000829173.6090.001–16.166下调9.98E-672.62E-05异柠檬酸脱氢酶
Unigene002832916.39236.9561.173上调5.51E-102.62E-05异柠檬酸脱氢酶
Unigene00309509.86825.9091.393上调2.27E-031.34E-05异柠檬酸脱氢酶
Unigene000099430.1030.001–14.878下调1.52E-087.57E-08葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶
Unigene003193729.46472.8801.306上调1.82E-253.99E-24葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶
Unigene00361867.7870.001–12.927下调1.56E-022.85E-02葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶
Unigene002925214.4460.001–13.818下调2.39E-193.55E-186-磷酸-葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
Unigene0029254106.92449.145–1.121下调3.19E-236.21E-226-磷酸-葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
Unigene00297337.13015.8881.156上调4.18E-051.27E-046-磷酸-葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
Unigene003384529.4900.001–14.848下调6.05E-082.76E-076-磷酸-葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
Unigene003384720.12543.0511.097上调3.14E-091.72E-086-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
), ArticleFig(id=1276238246636028872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238231393928060, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

MeJA处理对火龙果呼吸代谢过程关键基因的表达调控

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因ID Gene IDRPKMlog2 Ratio (MeJA/CK)表达模式Expression patternPP value错误发现率FDR基因功能注释Gene function annotation
CKMeJA
Unigene00211359.0830.324–4.810下调7.69E-062.62E-056-磷酸果糖激酶
Unigene00262939.3690.001–13.194下调3.85E-062.62E-056-磷酸果糖激酶
Unigene0005502163.71619.787–3.049下调2.41E-852.62E-05异柠檬酸脱氢酶
Unigene000829173.6090.001–16.166下调9.98E-672.62E-05异柠檬酸脱氢酶
Unigene002832916.39236.9561.173上调5.51E-102.62E-05异柠檬酸脱氢酶
Unigene00309509.86825.9091.393上调2.27E-031.34E-05异柠檬酸脱氢酶
Unigene000099430.1030.001–14.878下调1.52E-087.57E-08葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶
Unigene003193729.46472.8801.306上调1.82E-253.99E-24葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶
Unigene00361867.7870.001–12.927下调1.56E-022.85E-02葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶
Unigene002925214.4460.001–13.818下调2.39E-193.55E-186-磷酸-葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
Unigene0029254106.92449.145–1.121下调3.19E-236.21E-226-磷酸-葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
Unigene00297337.13015.8881.156上调4.18E-051.27E-046-磷酸-葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
Unigene003384529.4900.001–14.848下调6.05E-082.76E-076-磷酸-葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
Unigene003384720.12543.0511.097上调3.14E-091.72E-086-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶
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茉莉酸甲酯调控白肉火龙果采后成熟的转录组分析
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朱胜男 1 , 林海荣 2 , 莫雨杏 1 , 黎海利 1 , 王金娣 1 , 刘锴栋 1, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(2): 256-265
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2025 , 46 (2) : 256 -265
茉莉酸甲酯调控白肉火龙果采后成熟的转录组分析
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朱胜男1, 林海荣2, 莫雨杏1, 黎海利1, 王金娣1, 刘锴栋1, *
作者信息
  • 1.岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江 524048
  • 2.湛江市农业技术推广中心,广东湛江 524043
通讯作者:
* 刘锴栋(LIU Kaidong),E-mail:
Transcriptome Profiles of Postharvest White-Fleshed Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in Response to Methyl Jasmonate Treatment
Shengnan ZHU1, Hairong LIN2, Yuxing MO1, Haili LI1, Jindi WANG1, Kaidong LIU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524048, China
  • 2.Zhanjiang Agrotechnical Extension Center, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524043, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.002
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本研究以白肉火龙果(Hylocereus undatus)为材料,研究茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理调控白肉火龙果采后成熟的机制。利用高通量测序的数字基因表达谱(DEGs)技术,对MeJA处理16 d的白肉火龙果果实和对照组的样品进行差异基因表达谱分析。结果显示,MeJA处理导致15 596个基因差异表达,其中上调表达基因6135个,下调表达基因9461个。GO功能显著性富集分析表明,差异表达基因主要涉及细胞过程、生物调节、物质合成、催化活性、结合活性和转运活性等。KEGG基因通路富集分析发现,差异表达基因富集于多条代谢通路上,主要涉及光合作用、植物激素信号转导、蛋白质加工、淀粉和糖类代谢等代谢途径。进一步分析发现,MeJA处理导致多个参与乙烯信号途径和细胞壁代谢途径的基因表达量显著下调,如ERF、EIN、XTH、PG和PME家族成员等。上述结果表明,MeJA处理可能抑制了乙烯信号转导和细胞壁代谢过程,从而延缓白肉火龙果采后成熟,延长果实的贮藏时间。本研究结果将为热带特色水果采后保鲜技术的开发与应用奠定基础。

白肉火龙果  /  茉莉酸甲酯  /  果实采后成熟  /  差异表达基因

The molecular mechanism underlying white-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in response to MeJA treatment during the fruit postharvest ripening was investigated. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) response to MeJA treatment were analyzed by the digital gene expression profiling technology. The results showed that compared with the control, a total of 15 596 DEGs, including 6135 up-regulated genes and 9461 down-regulated genes, were identified. Gene ontology analysis showed that most DEGs were involved in cell metabolism, biological regulation, biosynthesis, catalysis, binding activities and transport activities. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that all DEGs were assigned in many pathways, mainly involving in photosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, protein processing and starch and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, the transcripts of most genes involved in ethylene-signaling transduction and cell-wall degradation, belonging to ERF, EIN, XTH, PG and XTH family, were found to be significantly down-regulated. These results strongly suggest that MeJA treatment may be involved in delaying the softening of white-pitaya by restraining the ethylene-signaling transduction and retarding the degradation of cell wall during postharvest ripening. The results would lay a foundation for further research on developing the more efficient postharvest preservation technology for tropical fruits.

pitaya (Hylocereus undatus)  /  methyl jasmonate  /  postharvest ripening  /  differentially expressed gene
朱胜男, 林海荣, 莫雨杏, 黎海利, 王金娣, 刘锴栋. 茉莉酸甲酯调控白肉火龙果采后成熟的转录组分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 256 -265 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.002
Shengnan ZHU, Hairong LIN, Yuxing MO, Haili LI, Jindi WANG, Kaidong LIU. Transcriptome Profiles of Postharvest White-Fleshed Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) in Response to Methyl Jasmonate Treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (2) : 256 -265 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.002
白肉火龙果(Hylocereus undatus)又名红龙果、仙蜜果和情人果等,是仙人掌科(Cactaceae)量天尺属(Hylocereus)植物[1]。火龙果作为一种新型的保健水果,富含膳食纤维、蛋白质和维生素等营养物质,其花中也含有大量的药效成分[2-3]。20世纪90年代,火龙果被引种至我国台湾、广东、四川和云南等地区并大规模种植,加速了火龙果产业发展[4]。由于火龙果的含水量大,在运送期间极易发生劣变,出现果皮皱缩、果肉褐变和腐烂变质等现象[5]。研究发现,火龙果在常温状态下储存3 d左右就会出现鳞片黄化、萎蔫和果实腐烂等现象,造成巨大的经济损失[6]。此外,随着火龙果种植面积不断扩大,火龙果的病虫害也日趋严重,对产量和质量都造成了严重不利影响[7]。因此,通过利用化学生物保鲜剂维持采后火龙果的品质,延长火龙果果实的贮藏期,对火龙果产业的可持续性发展具有重要意义。
茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)是一种天然植物生长调节物质,在植物的应激反应和次生代谢过程中作为一种信号分子,调控着植物体的生长发育和各种抗逆反应[8]。WANG等[8]发现MeJA处理不仅能够激发植物防御基因的表达,还能够改变挥发性信号化合物的释放以吸引害虫的捕食者或天敌,从而提高植物对病虫害的抗性。此外,研究发现外源MeJA处理番茄(Solanum lycopersicum[9]、葡萄(Vitis vinifera[10]、香蕉(Musa nana[11]、苹果(Malus pumila[12]、柿子(Diospyros kaki[13]、蓝莓(Vaccinium uliginosum[8]和杧果(Mangifera indica[14]等果实,能够增强果实抗性,减少腐烂,有效地延长果实储藏期。如HASAN等[13]发现MeJA处理能够改变柿果的色泽及果实中抗氧化物酶等的活性;唐伟杰等[12]证实低浓度的MeJA能够通过减缓膜脂过氧化,降低果实采后褐变,进而维持苹果常温贮藏品质。尽管MeJA在水果保鲜方面的应用研究相对较多,但主要集中在对果实的生理变化方面的影响,而有关MeJA调控果实保鲜的分子机理的研究在国内外仍相对较少。
基于转录组测序(RNA-seq)的数字基因表达谱(DGE)技术是指通过利用新一代高通量测序技术快速检测生物体的基因表达情况,筛选出不同条件下的差异表达基因,从而揭示差异表达基因功能及参与的生物代谢途径[15]。目前此技术因为精确性高、重复性好和通量高等优点已经在基础医学和生物科学研究等领域广泛应用。学者们利用该技术对西瓜(Citrullus lanatus[16]、桃(Amygdalus persica[17]、哈密瓜(Cucumis melo[18]和甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum[19]等进行了基因表达模式的转录水平分析。本研究通过利用DGE技术对MeJA处理的白肉火龙果果实总RNA测序,筛选出MeJA处理后的差异表达基因,并将差异表达基因进行GO、KEGG富集分析,明确差异表达基因的功能与表达情况,旨在揭示MeJA处理下影响白肉火龙果果实采后成熟的分子调控机制。
白肉火龙果购于广东省湛江市麻章果树种植场。挑选质量、果皮颜色、大小一致且无机械损伤的白肉火龙果果实,用1%(V/V)NaClO灭菌5 min,用自来水充分清洗干净。将灭菌后的果实分为MeJA处理组(MeJA)和对照组(CK),每组设置4个重复。MeJA组用浓度为1.0 mmol/L的MeJA浸泡30 min,CK组则用蒸馏水浸泡30 min,待其表面干燥后,再将所有的火龙果密封于同样条件的保鲜盒中,置于常温保存。16 d后从每组中收取4个果实样品,用锡箔纸包好再放入样品袋中,做好标记,随后利用液氮快速冰冻处理以防止酶对组织的降解,储存在超低温冰箱中,用于总RNA提取。
用植物总RNA提取试剂盒提取处理后火龙果果实的总RNA,将提取的总RNA样品送至广州基迪奥生物科技有限公司进行RNA纯度的检测,将检测合格的RNA样品进行mRNA的富集、双链cDNA的合成和文库构建,采用Illumina HiSeqTM 2500平台进行转录组测序[20-22]。利用RSEM软件的bowtie2将Trinity拼接得到的转录组作为参考序列。为保证测序得到的原始数据的质量,对raw reads数据进行过滤,剔除低质量数据,将过滤后的clean reads与参考转录组进行比对。
对read count数据进行标准化处理,然后利用DESeq技术对处理组和对照组序列进行差异分析[22]。对差异基因进行GO功能富集分析,筛选条件为P≤0.05;KEGG富集分析,筛选条件为Q≤0.05。利用FDR与log2FC来筛选差异基因,筛选条件为FDR≤0.05且|log2FC|>1。使用GOseqR软件对差异表达基因进行GO富集分析,使用KOBASs软件对差异表达基因进行KEGG富集分析,使用TBtools软件制作热图。
为探究茉莉酸甲酯对白肉火龙果采后成熟的影响,本研究对处理16 d的白肉火龙果果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量进行分析,结果如图1所示。与对照组相比,MeJA处理导致白肉火龙果果实硬度增加了17.1%,果实内部可溶性固形物减少了20.8%,表明MeJA处理可能通过调控火龙果果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量影响火龙果采后成熟。
CK和MeJA处理的测序数据经过过滤低质量数据后分别获得19 847 126和22 263 172条有效序列,分别占原始序列总数的95.53%和96.73%。CK和MeJA处理的低质量reads数的占比分别为4.45%和3.24%。将过滤后的数据与参考基因组序列进行比对,发现CK和MeJA处理中可以比对到唯一基因上的reads数分别占总reads数的10.90%和18.17%,表明白肉火龙果基因组注释信息相对较少。此外,分析利用测序饱和度检测白肉火龙果的测序量和检测到的基因数量之间的协同性,结果发现MeJA处理中被检测基因数量饱和曲线较CK更快达到饱和,因此测序数据足以满足后续分析的要求。
对CK与MeJA处理的白肉火龙果果实组织中的差异表达基因分析,结果显示MeJA处理导致15 596个基因差异表达,其中6135个基因上调,9461个基因下调,差异表达基因中下调基因的数目明显高于上调基因数,下调基因数目占总差异基因数目的60.66%,这说明MeJA处理可能通过在分子水平上影响多个基因的表达,进而影响果实采后成熟(图2)。
利用COG(Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins)数据库对MeJA处理的白肉火龙果差异表达基因进行功能分类,其中GO分为3个大类,分别是生物过程(biological process)、细胞组分(cellular component)和分子功能(molecular function)。由图3可知,MeJA处理16 d后,差异表达基因共涉及45个GO分类条目,其中参与生物过程、分子功能和细胞组分相关的GO条目分别有18、12和15条,分别占总数的40.0%、26.7%和33.3%。参与生物过程的差异基因主要主要包括代谢过程(2124个上调,2495个下调)、多组织过程(122个上调,122个下调)、单一组织过程(1555个上调,1951个下调)和生物调节(670个上调,698个下调)等;参与细胞组分的差异基因主要包括细胞组分(1646个上调,2018个下调)、膜及膜组分(1120个上调,1652个下调)和细胞器及其组分(1529个上调,2249个下调)等相关过程的基因;参与分子功能的差异基因主要包括催化活性(1888个上调,2207个下调)、结合活性(1752个上调,1793个下调)和转运活性(168个上调,215个下调)等。从显著富集的GO分类条目可知,MeJA处理16 d后火龙果的差异表达基因主要参与多组织过程、发育过程、生物节律、细胞连接、膜及膜组分、电子载体活性和催化活性等,其中下调表达的差异基因均多于上调表达差异基因。
利用KEGG数据库对差异表达基因进行代谢通路富集分析,白肉火龙果在MeJA处理16 d的差异表达基因被注释到125条代谢通路(KEGG Pathway)上,富集最为显著的前20条通路如图4所示。其中,富集差异基因数目最多的途径主要包括核糖体途径(ko03010)、碳循环途径(ko01200)、氧化磷酸化(ko00190)、光合碳固定(ko00710)、氨糖和核糖代谢(ko00520)和乙醛酸代谢(ko00630)等途径。拥有差异表达基因数目最多的是核糖体途径,该途径中鉴定出103个上调表达基因和221个下调表达基因。同时,碳循环途径所含的差异表达基因仅次于核糖体途径,分别有106个上调表达基因和156个下调表达基因。此外,参与氧化磷酸化和TCA循环途径的差异表达基因分别为161(117个下调表达基因,44个上调表达基因)和70个(19个上调表达基因,51个下调表达基因)。
KEGG基因通路富集分析与GO功能富集分析结果一致,表现为差异表达基因主要参与细胞内三羧酸循环、氧化磷酸化过程、有机体碳循环和氨基酸代谢等过程。上述结果表明,MeJA可能通过影响白肉火龙果果实内能量代谢和物质循环等过程,进而影响白肉火龙果果实的采后成熟。
植物激素是一类对植物代谢和生长发育具有重要调控作用的化学物质。为进一步探究MeJA调控白肉火龙果采后成熟的机制,本研究分析MeJA处理16 d的白肉火龙果果实的转录组数据,并对转录组中激素信号途径响应相关的蛋白编码基因的转录水平进行比较分析,包括15个生长素响应因子ARF(auxin-response factor)、5个生长素外排转运蛋白PIN(auxin efflux carrier component)、3个生长素结合蛋白ABP(auxin-binding protein)以及乙烯信号转导途径中3个乙烯上游受体因子ETR(ethylene receptor)、5个EIN成员(ethylene insensitive protein)和24个乙烯响应因子ERF/ABI4/CRF(ethylene-responsive transcription factor)等。由图5可知,与CK相比,MeJA处理导致13个生长素代谢途径相关基因的表达量明显上调,且至少上调1.2倍。其中IAA16(Unigene0000823)、ARF(Unigene0013726)、ARF18(Unigene0017453)以及PIN(Unigene-0053295)等基因的表达量甚至上调约13倍。同时,MeJA也导致20个生长素相关基因的表达量显著下调。此外,MeJA导致4个乙烯相关基因(Unigene0011639、Unigene0028216、Unigene00-40632和Unigene0044750)的表达量上调12倍,8个乙烯信号途径基因的表达量下调10倍以上,包括EIN3(Unigene0012846)、ERF(Unigene-0015368、Unigene0019345和Unigene0037933)、CRF(Unigene0022674)、ABI(Unigene0016273)、ABR(Unigene0017926)和ERS(Unigene0028469)。以上结果表明MeJA通过影响生长素和乙烯信号途径来影响白肉火龙果采后成熟过程。
对MeJA处理的白肉火龙果果实中差异表达基因进行进一步筛选,其中与细胞壁代谢相关的基因共筛选到58个,主要包括果胶酶(pectinase)家族基因PE、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase)基因PG、木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶(xyloglucan endotransglucosylase)基因XTH和细胞壁水解酶(cell wall-associated hydrolase)基因CWH等(图6)。其中,有22个细胞壁代谢相关编码基因的表达量约降低10倍,如3个PE基因(Unigene0010738、Unigene0017116和Unigene0029700)和11个PG基因(Unigene0007056、Unigene0011523、Unigene0011809和Unigene-0012855等);此外,13个细胞壁代谢相关基因的表达量显著上调,包括11个XTHUnigene 0006676、Unigene0013995、Unigene0015122和Unigene0029787等)、1个PE(Unigene0013690)和1个PG(Unigene0018581)。综上可知,MeJA可能通过降低细胞壁代谢相关基因的转录,进而保持果实采后成熟阶段细胞壁结构的完整性,延缓果实软化进程。
采后果实的衰老受果实内呼吸代谢途径影响,而糖酵解(glycoslysis,EMP)、柠檬酸循环(tricarboxylic acid,TCA)和磷酸戊糖途径(pentose phosphate pathway,PPP)是植物内重要的呼吸代谢途径。其中磷酸果糖激酶(phosphofructoskinase,PFK)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(isocitrate dehydrogenase,IDH)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,G6PDH)和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase,6PGDH)是上述呼吸代谢过程中的关键限速酶,调控整个呼吸代谢过程的速率和呼吸代谢类型的转变。MeJA处理对白肉火龙果果实内PFKIDHG6PDH6PGDH等基因表达的调控如表1所示,与CK相比,MeJA处理16 d显著抑制果实中PFK的转录,抑制果实内EMP途径,进而降低了呼吸过程中底物的消耗。同时,MeJA处理也导致2个IDH(Unigene0005502和Unigene0008291)的表达量明显下调和2个IDH(Unigene0028329和Unigene0030950)的表达量显著上调,进而影响TCA循环的速率。此外,PPP途径中多个G6PDH6PGDH的表达量均明显下调。综上可知,MeJA可能通过影响呼吸代谢速率延缓果实衰老。
近年来,水果保鲜技术是一个研究热点。以前常用的保鲜方法是低温冷藏,但是通过外源激素处理延长果实的储藏时间已经成为保鲜技术的探索热点。部分研究发现,外源赤霉素处理有效延缓香蕉果实衰老进程,保持果实品质,延长了果实的贮藏期[23-25]。ZHOU等[25]发现0.5 mmol/L IAA处理能够调控抗氧化酶活性和细胞壁代谢相关基因的表达,维持芒果的采后品质。火龙果作为我国热带亚热带地区重要的经济型水果,具有较高的经济价值和食用价值。火龙果果实主要于夏秋季节采收,这2个季节雨水较多,且火龙果果实水分多、含糖量高,不耐储藏,一般在采后3 d出现黄化、萎蔫等现象,7 d后果皮出现皱缩,12 d后果实开始出现腐烂[26]。研究发现,MeJA处理能够显著影响番茄[27]、荔枝(Litchi chinensis[28]、猕猴桃(Actinidia deliciosa[29]和桃(Prunus persica[30]等果实的品质,明显延长果实储藏时间,减少果实腐烂的机率。尽管多个研究均证实MeJA能改变果实的生理生化特性,延缓果实采后腐烂,但有关具体机制的报道仍不清楚[31-36]
近年来,随着高通量测序技术的应用,转录组测序分析技术逐步用来揭示植物响应逆境胁迫和采后水果保鲜的机制。本研究通过利用转录组技术对MeJA处理的白肉火龙果果实进行差异表达结果分析。高通量测序结果显示,与CK相比,MeJA处理导致15 596个基因的表达量有显著变化,其中上调表达基因有6135个,下调表达基因有9461个。与对照组相比,火龙果响应MeJA处理的差异表达基因分布于多个代谢途径,具有功能多样性。GO功能显著性富集分析显示,差异基因分布的范围很广,主要包括细胞代谢过程、生物调节、发育过程、催化活性、结合活性和转运活性等,这说明MeJA调控白肉火龙果成熟过程的转录系统是一个高度开放且敏感的表达系统,其中大量基因的差异性表达影响果实内众多生物化学反应过程。进一步利用KEGG数据库对差异基因进行Pathway显著性富集分析发现,这些差异基因主要参与果实成熟过程中的生物代谢途径,如TCA循环途径、氧化磷酸化途径和有机体碳循环途径等,这与柿果和番茄中的研究结果相一致[37-38],表明MeJA能通过影响果实内物质代谢与循环影响果实成熟。
果实在成熟过程中会发生一系列生理改变,如果实颜色、内容物、香气物质的含量变化[39]。果实的成熟是一个复杂的过程,涉及多种植物激素的参与,如生长素和乙烯等。艾辛梓[38]发现外源生长素2,4-D能够抑制樱桃番茄果实中乙烯的产生和类胡萝卜素的积累,从而延缓果实成熟。本研究发现MeJA处理影响多个生长素代谢途径中相关基因的转录,表明MeJA通过影响生长素的合成与降解影响果实成熟。在番茄中,敲除突变体ein3表现出果实不成熟的表型[39-40]。在番木瓜中,乙烯诱导的生长素转录因子CpARF2被证实能够与乙烯信号因子CpEIL1发生互作,增强CpEIL1对下游细胞壁代谢基因CpXTH12CpPE51的表达,进而促进果实成熟[41]。本研究发现8个乙烯信号途径相关基因(如EIN3ERFCRFABR等)的表达水平受MeJA处理显著抑制,表明MeJA可能通过抑制乙烯的生成延缓果实衰老。细胞壁代谢相关酶类在促进果实成熟方面发挥重要作用,如果胶甲酯酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶和木葡聚糖内糖基转移酶等[41]。本研究发现,MeJA处理导致多个参与细胞壁代谢的基因表达量呈现出差异变化,其中22个细胞壁代谢相关基因的表达量下调约10倍,而13个相关基因的表达量上调,这与WANG等[42]在蓝莓和苹果中的研究结果相一致,表明MeJA能够影响细胞壁降解相关基因的表达量以延缓果实的软化。
综上,通过对MeJA处理组和CK对照组的果实样品进行RNA-seq分析,比较2组的差异基因可知,大量与果实生长发育、生物代谢过程和激素信号转导途径有关的基因均参与了白肉火龙果对MeJA处理的响应。MeJA通过调控白肉火龙果果实中激素(如生长素和乙烯)信号途径以及细胞壁代谢过程中相关基因的表达,抑制白肉火龙果果实软化,延长果实的贮藏期。本研究初步探讨了MeJA处理对白肉火龙果采后成熟的分子调控机制,为火龙果采后保鲜的研究奠定理论基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32372414)
  • 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515010719; 2023A1515012212)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.002
  • 接收时间:2024-09-11
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-11
  • 修回日期:2024-09-26
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32372414)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515010719; 2023A1515012212)
作者信息
    1.岭南师范学院生命科学与技术学院,广东湛江 524048
    2.湛江市农业技术推广中心,广东湛江 524043

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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