Article(id=1276238172648502088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728489600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-10, revisedDate=1728835200000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782208491718, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782208491718, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782208491718, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782208491718, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276238094940639467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='247', pageEnd='489', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782208473191, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782208527160, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=247, endPage=255, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276238172954686282, articleId=1276238172648502088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification and Preliminary Verification of Gene Function of Chalcone Isomerase HbCHI Gene Family in Hevea brasiliensis, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the effect of chalcone isomerase on the synthesis of flavonoids during the development of rubber leaves, this study used the CHI functional domain chalcone (PF02431) to identify the HbCHI gene family members of the Ccalcone isomerase, and to analyze the physicochemical properties, conserved domain, conserved motif and phylogenetic tree of the protein sequences. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of HbCHI during the development of rubber leaves. The effect of HbCHI2 on plant flavonoid synthesis was analyzed using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression technique in Nicotiana benjamina. Nine HbCHI gene family members (HbCHI1-HbCHI9) were identified from the genomic database of H. brasiliensis. The proteins encoded by HbCHI1-HbCHI9 contained 177-474 amino acids with isoelectric points ranging from 5.1 to 9.52. The proteins were mainly hydrophilic proteins. Only HbCHI1 contained 6 conserved motif1-motif6 motifs, and phylogenetic analysis showed that HBCHI1-HBCHI4 was type I CHI. HbCHI6-HbCHI9 showed fatty acid binding sites, which were type III CHI. HbCHI5 was type IV CHI. The relative expression level of HbCHI gene family in rubber trees showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing from small bronzer to mature stage. The relative expression level was the lowest in light green stage, and the change trend of total flavonoids content was consistent with the relative expression level of CHI gene. Correlation analysis showed that HbCHI2 had the highest significant correlation with flavoniods content. The Pearson coefficient was 0.97. Overexpression of HbCHI2 in N. benjamina promoted the biosynthesis of flavonoids and increased the total flavonoids content in leaves, which was 2.13 times that of control. These results indicate that HbCHI2 gene regulates flavonoid biosynthesis in rubber leaves.

, authors=null, authorsList=Qianqian WU, Ling XIA, Fei YU, Xiaoyu LIANG, Meng WANG, Yu ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276238176209466196, articleId=1276238172648502088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=巴西橡胶树查尔酮异构酶HbCHI基因家族的鉴定和基因功能初步验证, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了研究查尔酮异构酶(CHI)对橡胶树叶片发育过程中黄酮类化合物合成的影响,本研究利用CHI的功能域Chalcone(PF02431)鉴定橡胶树查尔酮异构酶HbCHI基因家族成员,分析其蛋白序列理化性质、保守结构域、保守基序和系统进化树分析;利用qRT-PCR分析HbCHI在橡胶树叶片发育过程中的表达模式;利用农杆菌介导的烟草瞬时表达技术分析HbCHI2影响植物黄酮合成的功能。结果表明:从橡胶树基因组数据库中鉴定获得9个HbCHI基因家族成员(HbCHI1~HbCHI9),其编码的蛋白质包含177~474个氨基酸,等电点为5.1~9.52,主要为亲水蛋白;大部分HbCHI含有1~3个数量不等的基序,只有HbCHI1含有6个保守基序(motif1~motif6);系统进化分析显示,HbCHI1~HbCHI4是I型CHI,HbCHI6~HbCHI9表现出脂肪酸结合位点,是III型CHI,HbCHI5是IV型CHI;橡胶树HbCHI基因家族的相对表达量检测结果均表现出从小古铜期到成熟期先下降后上升的趋势,其中在淡绿期时的相对表达量最低,且总黄酮含量与CHI基因相对表达量变化趋势一致;相关性分析表明HbCHI2表达量与黄酮含量相关性最高,皮尔逊系数为0.97;在烟草中过表达HbCHI2促进了本氏烟草中类黄酮的生物合成,增加了叶片的总黄酮含量,是对照的2.13倍。本研究结果表明HbCHI2基因正调控橡胶树叶片中类黄酮生物合成。

, authors=

吴倩倩(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:橡胶树病害综合防控。

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* 张宇(ZHANG Yu),E-mail:
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吴倩倩(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:橡胶树病害综合防控。

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Ornamental Plant Research, 2021, 1(1): 1-10., articleTitle=Cloning and functional characterization of chalcone isomerase genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Clivia miniata, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276238194676986782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, awardId=SCKJ-JYRC-2023-22, language=CN, fundingSource=“崖州湾”菁英人才科技专项(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-22), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276238194748289951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, awardId=NHXXRCXM202310, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省“南海新星”科技创新人才平台项目(NHXXRCXM202310), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276238177014772566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238177023161175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, companyId=1276238177014772566, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238177035744088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, companyId=1276238177014772566, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572024)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276238177362899801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238177375482714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, companyId=1276238177362899801, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238177396454235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, companyId=1276238177362899801, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276238177765552988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238177782330206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, companyId=1276238177765552988, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Huizhou Customs, Huizhou, Guangdong 516006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238177794913119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, companyId=1276238177765552988, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.惠州海关,广东惠州 516006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276238191648699282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Conserved motif (A) and gene structure (B) analysis of rubber tree HbCHI genes, figureFileSmall=8nUtVxLwDNN5mXRHYEfFgQ==, figureFileBig=1bADueBw5eQveE9L55+Z7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238193246729107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=CN, label=图1, caption=HbCHI基因的保守基序(A)与保守结构域(B)分析, figureFileSmall=8nUtVxLwDNN5mXRHYEfFgQ==, figureFileBig=1bADueBw5eQveE9L55+Z7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238193502581652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of CHI gene family proteins members of Hevea brasiliensis, Camellia sinensis, Gossypium hirsutum and Arabidopsis thaliana, figureFileSmall=3JBp0+zwD300n/4S9BwhjA==, figureFileBig=oRUTUSpJbc4QsINpkD0EoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238193607439253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=CN, label=图2, caption=橡胶树与茶树、陆地棉、拟南芥CHI基因家族蛋白的系统进化树, figureFileSmall=3JBp0+zwD300n/4S9BwhjA==, figureFileBig=oRUTUSpJbc4QsINpkD0EoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238193720685462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Expression analysis of HbCHI and analysis of flavonoid content in leaves at different development stage

A: Rubber tree leaves at different development stage; B: Expression patterns of HbCHI; C: Flavonoids content, different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05); D: Correlation thermogram between flavonoids content and relative expression of HbCHI, * indicates significant correlation (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=4m47R4m8frI3gzxfr4jBQA==, figureFileBig=wd2yNjIX6sLYizloEwPp+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238193821348759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=CN, label=图3, caption=HbCHI在叶片不同发育时期的表达分析和黄酮含量分析

A:橡胶树不同发育时期叶片;B:HbCHI的表达模式;C:总黄酮含量,不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05);D:总黄酮含量与HbCHI相对表达量的相关性分析,*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=4m47R4m8frI3gzxfr4jBQA==, figureFileBig=wd2yNjIX6sLYizloEwPp+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238193968149400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Expression level of HbCHI2 and downstream genes and flavoniods contentafter instantaneous overexpression in N. benjamina

* indicates significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=B5dtQ3ra2AJpchVn4VBu+w==, figureFileBig=e463qA6Hwtj5P7aChuIU8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238194047841177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=CN, label=图4, caption=烟草瞬时表达后的HbCHI2和下游相关基因的表达水平和黄酮含量

*表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=B5dtQ3ra2AJpchVn4VBu+w==, figureFileBig=e463qA6Hwtj5P7aChuIU8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238194135921562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)
NbActin-FGAGCGGGAAATTGTTAGGGATGqp-HbCHI1-FAACTGTAGCATTCCCGCCAG
NbActin-RAGCGGAATCTCTCAGCACCAATqp-HbCHI1-RAGTACCGGCACTGCTTCATC
NbANR-FGCAGAGCAAATGTATCGTCCAGqp-HbCHI2-FTTGTGGGGCATTTGCAACAGT
NbANR-RGGGCATGCAGATGTTATCAGGTqp-HbCHI2-RAGCTGCACCCCATATTGAGAT
NbANS-FAGCAGATCAGGAACCTAGCAACqp-HbCHI3-FGTGGTTATGGTGGATGAAGTCC
NbANS-RCAGTATGAGCTTCGACACCAAGqp-HbCHI3-RTGCCCAACAATTTCAGGGTC
NbCHS-FCCAATGACACCCACTTGGATAGqp-HbCHI4-FTGCTCCTCCTCTTCCCCAAA
NbCHS-RCAGAGACAAGCTGGAACAAAGGqp-HbCHI4-RGGGCTTCATCCACCATAACCA
NbDFR-FGGCAACACCTATGGATTTCGAGqp-HbCHI5-FTGGGATACCATCTGGTGTGG
NbDFR-RTCGAGAGTTCCAGCAGATGAAGqp-HbCHI5-RGCTTCAGAGTTGTTGCCAGC
NbF3’5’H-FCTCGAACGAACCATGTGAAGTGqp-HbCHI6-FATCCCCGTGTCAGAGCAAAC
NbF3’5’H-RTCCCACTCAAGAACCTTTCAGGqp-HbCHI6-RAACCGTTACCACGCAGTCAT
NbF3’H-FCGTCCTCAAGCACAGTAGAATGqp-HbCHI7-FAAGGGGATCTCATGGGAGGT
NbF3’H-RCTAGGTCAGATTCCATCACGAGqp-HbCHI7-RAAGCACTTCGAACAGAGCGA
NbF3H-FAGGTGGCTTCATTGTCTCTAGCqp-HbCHI8-FGGCTGTTCAGGCCTCTCATT
NbF3H-RTCACAGCTATCCATCCTTCTGGqp-HbCHI8-RGCTATCCAGCTGAGGTGTCC
NbFLS-FTCACTTGGGCTTGGGTTAGAAGqp-HbCHI9-FTTTCCAACCAACACAACCGC
NbFLS-RATGTCTGTATGGGCCACAACTCqp-HbCHI9-RAGCCTTCCCTGCATTCTCAC
NbLAR-FATGAAGTGGACAGGTCAGATCCqp-HbActin-FGATGTGGATATCAGGAAGGA
NbLAR-RAATGGTCAAGAGGAGGAGGAAGqp-HbActin-RCATACTGCTTGGAGCAAGA
NbUFGT-FGGACTGCTGGTTCTGGTTCTTTHbCHI2-pBin-FacggtgcttagagcgggatccATGGGTTCTGAAGTTGTTATGGTG
NbUFGT-RGCTACAACTTCTGGTGGCATGTHbCHI2-pBin-RgactctagatcaggtggatccTTTAGACAAATGGGCAGAAAGGT
), ArticleFig(id=1276238194307888027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本试验所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′-3′)Primer sequence (5′-3′)
NbActin-FGAGCGGGAAATTGTTAGGGATGqp-HbCHI1-FAACTGTAGCATTCCCGCCAG
NbActin-RAGCGGAATCTCTCAGCACCAATqp-HbCHI1-RAGTACCGGCACTGCTTCATC
NbANR-FGCAGAGCAAATGTATCGTCCAGqp-HbCHI2-FTTGTGGGGCATTTGCAACAGT
NbANR-RGGGCATGCAGATGTTATCAGGTqp-HbCHI2-RAGCTGCACCCCATATTGAGAT
NbANS-FAGCAGATCAGGAACCTAGCAACqp-HbCHI3-FGTGGTTATGGTGGATGAAGTCC
NbANS-RCAGTATGAGCTTCGACACCAAGqp-HbCHI3-RTGCCCAACAATTTCAGGGTC
NbCHS-FCCAATGACACCCACTTGGATAGqp-HbCHI4-FTGCTCCTCCTCTTCCCCAAA
NbCHS-RCAGAGACAAGCTGGAACAAAGGqp-HbCHI4-RGGGCTTCATCCACCATAACCA
NbDFR-FGGCAACACCTATGGATTTCGAGqp-HbCHI5-FTGGGATACCATCTGGTGTGG
NbDFR-RTCGAGAGTTCCAGCAGATGAAGqp-HbCHI5-RGCTTCAGAGTTGTTGCCAGC
NbF3’5’H-FCTCGAACGAACCATGTGAAGTGqp-HbCHI6-FATCCCCGTGTCAGAGCAAAC
NbF3’5’H-RTCCCACTCAAGAACCTTTCAGGqp-HbCHI6-RAACCGTTACCACGCAGTCAT
NbF3’H-FCGTCCTCAAGCACAGTAGAATGqp-HbCHI7-FAAGGGGATCTCATGGGAGGT
NbF3’H-RCTAGGTCAGATTCCATCACGAGqp-HbCHI7-RAAGCACTTCGAACAGAGCGA
NbF3H-FAGGTGGCTTCATTGTCTCTAGCqp-HbCHI8-FGGCTGTTCAGGCCTCTCATT
NbF3H-RTCACAGCTATCCATCCTTCTGGqp-HbCHI8-RGCTATCCAGCTGAGGTGTCC
NbFLS-FTCACTTGGGCTTGGGTTAGAAGqp-HbCHI9-FTTTCCAACCAACACAACCGC
NbFLS-RATGTCTGTATGGGCCACAACTCqp-HbCHI9-RAGCCTTCCCTGCATTCTCAC
NbLAR-FATGAAGTGGACAGGTCAGATCCqp-HbActin-FGATGTGGATATCAGGAAGGA
NbLAR-RAATGGTCAAGAGGAGGAGGAAGqp-HbActin-RCATACTGCTTGGAGCAAGA
NbUFGT-FGGACTGCTGGTTCTGGTTCTTTHbCHI2-pBin-FacggtgcttagagcgggatccATGGGTTCTGAAGTTGTTATGGTG
NbUFGT-RGCTACAACTTCTGGTGGCATGTHbCHI2-pBin-RgactctagatcaggtggatccTTTAGACAAATGGGCAGAAAGGT
), ArticleFig(id=1276238194425328540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Physicochemical property analysis of HbCHI proteins

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白名称Protein name氨基酸数量Number of amino acid分子质量Molecular weight/Da理论等电点pI不稳定系数Instability index脂溶指数Aliphatic index亲水性平均值Grand average of hydropathicity
HbCHI144848 483.895.5737.4396.250.083
HbCHI220923 360.665.1336.7094.64-0.174
HbCHI320923 452.765.3044.1695.55-0.206
HbCHI417720 188.065.1044.8594.69-0.299
HbCHI527729 989.177.7435.9989.820.078
HbCHI643448 026.068.5745.6083.55-0.116
HbCHI729032 051.839.5249.8288.07-0.234
HbCHI847452 889.099.2740.6783.50-0.132
HbCHI927129 753.495.6135.2685.20-0.375
), ArticleFig(id=1276238194513408925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238172648502088, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HbCHI蛋白理化性质分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白名称Protein name氨基酸数量Number of amino acid分子质量Molecular weight/Da理论等电点pI不稳定系数Instability index脂溶指数Aliphatic index亲水性平均值Grand average of hydropathicity
HbCHI144848 483.895.5737.4396.250.083
HbCHI220923 360.665.1336.7094.64-0.174
HbCHI320923 452.765.3044.1695.55-0.206
HbCHI417720 188.065.1044.8594.69-0.299
HbCHI527729 989.177.7435.9989.820.078
HbCHI643448 026.068.5745.6083.55-0.116
HbCHI729032 051.839.5249.8288.07-0.234
HbCHI847452 889.099.2740.6783.50-0.132
HbCHI927129 753.495.6135.2685.20-0.375
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巴西橡胶树查尔酮异构酶HbCHI基因家族的鉴定和基因功能初步验证
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吴倩倩 1, 2 , 夏玲 1 , 于飞 3 , 梁晓宇 1, 2 , 王萌 1, 2 , 张宇 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2025,46(2): 247-255
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2025 , 46 (2) : 247 -255
巴西橡胶树查尔酮异构酶HbCHI基因家族的鉴定和基因功能初步验证
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吴倩倩1, 2, 夏玲1, 于飞3, 梁晓宇1, 2, 王萌1, 2, 张宇1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572024
  • 2.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737
  • 3.惠州海关,广东惠州 516006
通讯作者:
* 张宇(ZHANG Yu),E-mail:
Identification and Preliminary Verification of Gene Function of Chalcone Isomerase HbCHI Gene Family in Hevea brasiliensis
Qianqian WU1, 2, Ling XIA1, Fei YU3, Xiaoyu LIANG1, 2, Meng WANG1, 2, Yu ZHANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
  • 2.College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
  • 3.Huizhou Customs, Huizhou, Guangdong 516006, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.001
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为了研究查尔酮异构酶(CHI)对橡胶树叶片发育过程中黄酮类化合物合成的影响,本研究利用CHI的功能域Chalcone(PF02431)鉴定橡胶树查尔酮异构酶HbCHI基因家族成员,分析其蛋白序列理化性质、保守结构域、保守基序和系统进化树分析;利用qRT-PCR分析HbCHI在橡胶树叶片发育过程中的表达模式;利用农杆菌介导的烟草瞬时表达技术分析HbCHI2影响植物黄酮合成的功能。结果表明:从橡胶树基因组数据库中鉴定获得9个HbCHI基因家族成员(HbCHI1~HbCHI9),其编码的蛋白质包含177~474个氨基酸,等电点为5.1~9.52,主要为亲水蛋白;大部分HbCHI含有1~3个数量不等的基序,只有HbCHI1含有6个保守基序(motif1~motif6);系统进化分析显示,HbCHI1~HbCHI4是I型CHI,HbCHI6~HbCHI9表现出脂肪酸结合位点,是III型CHI,HbCHI5是IV型CHI;橡胶树HbCHI基因家族的相对表达量检测结果均表现出从小古铜期到成熟期先下降后上升的趋势,其中在淡绿期时的相对表达量最低,且总黄酮含量与CHI基因相对表达量变化趋势一致;相关性分析表明HbCHI2表达量与黄酮含量相关性最高,皮尔逊系数为0.97;在烟草中过表达HbCHI2促进了本氏烟草中类黄酮的生物合成,增加了叶片的总黄酮含量,是对照的2.13倍。本研究结果表明HbCHI2基因正调控橡胶树叶片中类黄酮生物合成。

巴西橡胶树  /  查尔酮异构酶  /  基因表达  /  类黄酮  /  基因功能

In order to study the effect of chalcone isomerase on the synthesis of flavonoids during the development of rubber leaves, this study used the CHI functional domain chalcone (PF02431) to identify the HbCHI gene family members of the Ccalcone isomerase, and to analyze the physicochemical properties, conserved domain, conserved motif and phylogenetic tree of the protein sequences. qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of HbCHI during the development of rubber leaves. The effect of HbCHI2 on plant flavonoid synthesis was analyzed using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression technique in Nicotiana benjamina. Nine HbCHI gene family members (HbCHI1-HbCHI9) were identified from the genomic database of H. brasiliensis. The proteins encoded by HbCHI1-HbCHI9 contained 177-474 amino acids with isoelectric points ranging from 5.1 to 9.52. The proteins were mainly hydrophilic proteins. Only HbCHI1 contained 6 conserved motif1-motif6 motifs, and phylogenetic analysis showed that HBCHI1-HBCHI4 was type I CHI. HbCHI6-HbCHI9 showed fatty acid binding sites, which were type III CHI. HbCHI5 was type IV CHI. The relative expression level of HbCHI gene family in rubber trees showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing from small bronzer to mature stage. The relative expression level was the lowest in light green stage, and the change trend of total flavonoids content was consistent with the relative expression level of CHI gene. Correlation analysis showed that HbCHI2 had the highest significant correlation with flavoniods content. The Pearson coefficient was 0.97. Overexpression of HbCHI2 in N. benjamina promoted the biosynthesis of flavonoids and increased the total flavonoids content in leaves, which was 2.13 times that of control. These results indicate that HbCHI2 gene regulates flavonoid biosynthesis in rubber leaves.

Hevea brasiliensis  /  chalcone isomerase  /  gene expression  /  flavonoids  /  gene function
吴倩倩, 夏玲, 于飞, 梁晓宇, 王萌, 张宇. 巴西橡胶树查尔酮异构酶HbCHI基因家族的鉴定和基因功能初步验证. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 247 -255 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.001
Qianqian WU, Ling XIA, Fei YU, Xiaoyu LIANG, Meng WANG, Yu ZHANG. Identification and Preliminary Verification of Gene Function of Chalcone Isomerase HbCHI Gene Family in Hevea brasiliensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (2) : 247 -255 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.001
黄酮类化合物在植物对生物和非生物胁迫的防御过程中起到了重要作用,已有多项研究报道了它们在真菌、细菌和病毒防御中的关键性作用[1-2]。通过作用于生长素外运载体PIN-FORM(PIN),调节极性生长素运输(PAT),从而帮助植物更有效地应对胁迫[3]。黄酮类化合物中羟基的数量和位置决定了它们的自由基清除能力,并通过自由基清除机制在细胞中发挥作用[4-6]。此外,黄酮还作为信号分子,促进根瘤菌和丛枝菌根真菌的定植,从而增强植物-微生物共生以抵抗胁迫[7]。通过代谢积累黄酮,植物可以激活包括苯丙烷生物合成在内的抗真菌防御反应[8]。已有研究表明,黄酮类化合物的抑菌试验显示其提取物对黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、厚垣镰孢霉H ML278(Fusarium chlamydosporum H ML278)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)具有较强的抑制作用[9]
黄酮类化合物的生物合成起始于苯丙氨酸,经由苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、反式肉桂酸4-单加氧酶(C4H)和4-香豆酸酯-CoA连接酶(4CL)等限速酶的作用,生成对香豆酰基辅酶A(p-coumaroyl-CoA)。随后,通过查尔酮合酶(CHS)催化生成柚皮素查尔酮(naringenin chalcone),再经查尔酮异构酶(CHI)催化转化为柚皮素(naringenin)。柚皮素在黄酮醇合酶(FLS)、类黄酮3′-羟化酶(F3′H)及类黄酮3′,5′-羟化酶(F3′5′H)作用下,最终转化为山奈酚(kaempferol),并通过类黄酮糖基转移酶(UFGT)进一步合成为黄酮类化合物[10]。如在鞘荞麦的研究中发现,过表达CHI可以显著提高下游F3HF3'HFLS相关基因的表达水平,进而增加黄酮类化合物的生物合成[11]
查尔酮异构酶(chalcone isomerase,CHI)是黄酮类化合物合成途径的关键限速酶,决定植物细胞内黄酮类化合物的产生[12]。CHI分为4种类型:Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型CHI是真正具有CHI酶活性,主要参与类黄酮合成和花色苷积累,Ⅰ型CHI对柚皮素查尔酮表现出底物特异性,存在于地钱、苔藓、蕨类植物和大多数维管植物中[13],Ⅱ型CHI则是豆科植物特有的[14];Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型CHI无查尔酮环化活性,具有脂肪酸结合特性,在拟南芥的脂肪酸的合成和储存中起作用[15];Ⅳ型CHI蛋白则完全失去了CHI的催化活性,但可作为类黄酮生成和花色素沉着的增强剂[16-17]。目前,已从山茶花[18]、棉花[19]、烟草[20]、桑树[21]、银杏[22]、马缨杜鹃[23]等多种植物中克隆并验证了CHI与黄酮合成的相关性。
巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)是一种落叶多年生热带树种,主要生产天然橡胶和橡胶木[24]。在我国橡胶树的种植过程中,面临多种病虫害的威胁,其中橡胶树炭疽病和白粉病是危害最普遍且严重的2种叶部病害[25]。尽管黄酮类化合物在多种植物中具有明确的作用[1-2]。但关于巴西橡胶树黄酮代谢调控的具体机制,特别是查尔酮异构酶(CHI)基因在黄酮调控中的作用,目前仍不清晰。因此,探究CHI的功能对阐释橡胶树黄酮合成的分子机制具有重大意义。本研究通过对橡胶树查尔酮异构酶基因的生物信息学分析,以及在烟草中的瞬时表达,验证其在黄酮合成中的调节功能,为进一步研究HbCHI2在巴西橡胶树中的功能提供参考。
供试材料为橡胶树品种热研73397芽接苗,由中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所种苗基地提供;本氏烟草由本实验室提供,在温度为25 ℃、湿度60%的条件下培养,其光暗时间设定为10∶14。
大肠杆菌DH5α感受态以及农杆菌GV3101感受态均购自上海吐露港生物技术有限公司;pBin载体由本实验室提供。
多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒、DNA纯化回收试剂盒和质粒小提试剂盒购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司,qPCR Mix和高保真酶购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司,Frozen-EZ Yeast Transformation II Kit T2001(ZYMO RESEARCH)、卡那霉素和利福平购自索莱宝生物科技有限公司。
从Interpro(https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/)数据库下载CHI的隐马尔科夫模型Chalcone(PF02431)作为种子序列,借助hmmer 3.0软件于橡胶树基因组数据中开展筛选,获取HbCHI基因家族成员信息。把筛选所得的橡胶树HbCHI基因家族成员蛋白名称经由NCBI进行比对,得到橡胶树HbCHI基因ID。运用TBtools软件对其蛋白理化性质进行分析,通过MEME(https://meme-suite.org/meme/)在线软件分析橡胶树HbCHI基因家族的保守基序,利用NCBI中的BatchCD Search工具分析HbCHI基因家族的保守结构域,并通过TBtools中的Visualize Gene Structure功能生成可视化图形。利用Mega软件通过邻接法(Neighbor-Joining)构建橡胶树与茶树、陆地棉和拟南芥CHI的系统发育树。
采集橡胶树热研73397的不同时期(小古铜期、大古铜期、淡绿期和成熟期)叶片,利用多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒提取总RNA,使用ToloScript All-in-one RT EasyMix for qPCR试剂盒反转录获得cDNA。以橡胶树HbActin作为内参基因,使用NCBI Primmer Blast设计基因特异性引物(表1)进行实时荧光定量分析,检测橡胶树HbCHIs的相对表达量。每个样本进行3次重复,使用2-ΔΔCt法计算表达量。
采集橡胶树不同发育时期(小古铜期S1、大古铜期S2、淡绿期S3、成熟期S4)叶片,将叶片80 ℃烘干24 h后研磨,再过80目筛得到烘干样品。称取100 mg样品置于10 mL具塞玻璃管中,加入4 mL 80%甲醇,使用超声波提取法提取2 h,随后5000 r/min离心10 min,上清液为黄酮提取液,重复提取1次,最后加入80%甲醇定容至10 mL,待测。吸取200 μL提取液于2 mL离心管中,加入1 mL ddH2O和60 μL 5% NaNO2反应6 min,加入120 μL 10% AlCl3反应5 min,最后加入400 μL 1 mol/L NaOH完成反应。使用芦丁标准品制作芦丁标准曲线:先称取10 mg芦丁标准品加入80%甲醇定容至50 mL,得到0.2 mg/mL的标准溶液,稀释为0、0.008、0.016、0.032、0.048、0.064、0.080 mg/mL浓度,制作标准曲线。在420 nm波长下测定吸光度,将吸光度带入芦丁标准曲线计算总黄酮含量。每个样本进行3次重复。
使用带酶切位点的引物扩增插入片段,酶切载体(过表达载体为pBin,酶切位点为BamH Ⅰ)后,利用同源重组酶连接载体和插入片段,产物转入DH5α感受态细胞。一端使用载体引物,另一端使用插入片段引物对产物进行阳性鉴定,测序确认插入片段序列完全正确后,则成功构建重组载体。
将pBin空载(CK)以及重组质粒借助冻融法转入农杆菌GV3101内,运用基因特异性引物对阳性农杆菌转化子进行检测。选取阳性转化子置于含有50 μg/mL卡那霉素和20 μg/mL利福平的LB培养液中,在28 ℃的温度条件下,以220 r/min的转速培养2 d。从培养体系中取出5 mL菌液放入50 mL的离心管内,通过5000 r/min的转速离心5 min,收集菌体,再使用侵染液对菌体进行3次洗涤,最后重新悬浮菌体。使用分光光度计调节OD600至0.5,将其置于昏暗条件下2 h。选取5周龄的本氏烟草,使用注射器将分别携带pBin空载以及含有HbCHI2基因的农杆菌悬浮液,逐一注入到本氏烟草叶片主叶脉的两侧。收集2、4、6 dpi叶片,进行qRT-PCR分析。采集6 dpi叶片提取叶片总黄酮,检测其含量。每个样本进行3次生物学重复。
从橡胶树基因组数据库中鉴定获得9个HbCHI基因家族成员(HbCHI1~HbCHI9),HbCHI基因编码的蛋白质包含177~474个氨基酸;HbCHI1、HbCHI2、HbCHI5和HbCHI9为稳定蛋白,HbCHI3、HbCHI4和HbCHI6-HbCHI8为不稳定蛋白;理论等电点为5.10~9.52;HbCHI蛋白除HbCHI1和HbCHI5外均为亲水蛋白(表2)。HbCHI1含有6个保守基序(motif1~motif6),其他HbCHI含有1~3个数量不等的基序(图1A)。不同HbCHI蛋白含有不同类型的查尔酮超家族结构域(chalcone_3 superfamily、PLN02804、PLN02311、PLN03175和PLN03174)(图1B)。
选取了茶树、陆地棉与拟南芥的CHI蛋白构建系统进化树(图2),结果表明,这些CHI分成3组,HbCHI6~HbCHI9与茶树CsCHI7和CsCHI8、陆地棉GhCHI5~GhCHI12、拟南芥的AtCHI8~AtCHI11属同一分支;HbCHI5与CsCHI4、GhCHI4、AtCHI6属同一分支;HbCHI1~HbCHI4与GhCHI1~GhCHI3、AtCHI1~AtCHI5、CsCHI1~CsCHI3、CsCHI5、CsCHI6属同一分支。其中HbCHI1~HbCHI4是Ⅰ型CHI,而HbCHI6~HbCHI9是Ⅲ型CHI,HbCHI5是Ⅳ型CHI。
为了研究橡胶树叶片不同生长时期(图3A)的HbCHI表达模式和总黄酮之间的关系,本研究检测了橡胶树叶片不同发育时期的相对表达量与黄酮含量。结果表明,在不同发育时期的橡胶叶片中,HbCHI基因的相对表达量均表现出从小古铜期到成熟期先下降后上升的趋势,其中在淡绿期的相对表达量最低,且9个HbCHI基因相对表达量差异较大,HbCHI2表达量最高,在成熟期表达量高达321.79,而该时期表达量最低的基因(HbCHI6)只有0.81(图3B);总黄酮含量在橡胶树不同叶片发育期差异较大,成熟期叶片含量最大,为75.44 mg/g,其次是小古铜期(70.03 mg/g),淡绿期最低,仅为37.09 mg/g(图3C)。总黄酮含量与HbCHI基因的相对表达量变化趋势均表现为先降后升。通过对总黄酮含量与HbCHI相对表达量的相关性热图分析发现,橡胶树HbCHI的相对表达量与总黄酮含量呈正相关关系,其中HbCHI2与总黄酮含量显著相关,皮尔逊相关系数为0.97(图3D)。
将过表达载体(OE-HbCHI2)利用农杆菌GV3101侵染本氏烟草,对不同时间瞬时过表达的叶片进行qRT-PCR分析。结果表明,HbCHI2侵染后的烟草叶片在2、4、6 dpi时显著过表达(图4A),与对照组相比,HbCHI2侵染后的烟草叶片类黄酮合成途径的下游相关基因NbANS、NbF3’H、NbLAR均呈现显著上调表达(图4B)。在过表达的6 dpi时,本氏烟草叶片总黄酮含量相对于空载显著提高,是空载的2.13倍(图4C)。以上结果表明过表达HbCHI2促进了本氏烟草中类黄酮的生物合成。
查尔酮异构酶是黄酮合成途径的关键酶,控制植物生成黄酮类化合物的速率及产量。前人已经在棉花[19]和桑树[21]等物种中鉴定出CHI基因家族,并针对其在花色改良、系统发育及胁迫应答中的重要作用进行研究。本研究鉴定得到9个橡胶树HbCHI基因,在调控黄酮类化合物的生物合成中具有重要功能。CHAO等[21]对2种桑树Ⅰ型CHI的分析揭示了其在花青素积累中的作用;XU等[26]对葱Ⅳ型CHI的研究表明,AfCHIL可以有效提高AfCHS在柚皮苷合成中的效率。本研究对橡胶树HbCHI基因进行了系统进化分析,结果显示:HbCHI1~HbCHI4为Ⅰ型CHI,是真正发挥黄酮类化合物合成功能的CHI;没有豆科植物专属的Ⅱ型CHI,与橡胶树作为维管植物的属性相符;HbCHI6~HbCHI9为Ⅲ型CHI,表现出脂肪酸结合特性;HbCHI5为Ⅳ型CHI,充当类黄酮生成和花色素沉着的增强剂[16-17]
本研究分析了橡胶树叶片在不同时期的表达模式及黄酮含量,结果显示橡胶树CHI基因家族的相对表达量从小古铜期到成熟期呈现先降后升的趋势,在淡绿期时达到最低点。总黄酮含量的变化趋势与HbCHI基因的表达量一致,相关性分析表明,HbCHI2与黄酮含量的相关性最高,皮尔逊系数为0.97。为验证橡胶树HbCHI2基因的功能,本研究进行了烟草瞬时表达实验,结果显示,烟草中过表达HbCHI2促进了NbANS、NbF3’H、NbLAR等下游相关基因的相对表达量,进而促进了类黄酮的生物合成,总黄酮含量因此增加了2.13倍,表明HbCHI2基因调控了橡胶树叶片中类黄酮的生物合成,证实了其作为I型CHI的功能。已有许多研究也支持这一结论,例如,山茶花I型CHI CnCHI4的过表达可以显著增加烟草和山茶花的类黄酮生物合成[18];马缨杜鹃I型CHI RdCHI1可以将底物柚皮素查尔酮转化为原花青素、花色苷和黄酮醇等黄酮类化合物[23];君子兰I型CHI CmCHI1CmCHI2可以将底物柚皮素查尔酮完全转化为产物柚皮素[27]
HbCHI2基因在黄酮生物合成中发挥了重要作用,为进一步探究橡胶树黄酮生物合成的分子机制提供数据支持。然而,关于HbCHI2基因对橡胶树抗性的影响及其在生物胁迫和非生物胁迫影响下的分子机制仍不明确。因此,进一步对HbCHI的遗传功能及其调控机制展开研究将会是未来的关键方向,这对于选育抗炭疽病和白粉病的橡胶树品种具有重要的研究价值。
  • “崖州湾”菁英人才科技专项(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-22)
  • 海南省“南海新星”科技创新人才平台项目(NHXXRCXM202310)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.001
  • 接收时间:2024-10-10
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-10
  • 修回日期:2024-10-14
基金
“崖州湾”菁英人才科技专项(SCKJ-JYRC-2023-22)
海南省“南海新星”科技创新人才平台项目(NHXXRCXM202310)
作者信息
    1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572024
    2.海南大学热带农林学院,海南儋州 571737
    3.惠州海关,广东惠州 516006

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* 张宇(ZHANG Yu),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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