Article(id=1276238096568021378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722787200000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-05, revisedDate=1725206400000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782208473579, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782208473579, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782208473579, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782208473579, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276238094940639467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='247', pageEnd='489', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782208473191, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782208527160, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=343, endPage=358, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276238099885715844, articleId=1276238096568021378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Comparative Analysis of Metabolites in Two Kinds of Yunnan Xiaomila Fruits During Ripening, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Pepper and its products are loved by people all over the world for its unique flavor, and the composition and content of metabolites have an important influence on the flavor quality of pepper. As a regional characteristic variety of chili pepper in Yunnan province, Xiaomila is favored by consumers because of its rich nutrition and spicy flavor. In order to find out the similarities and differences of metabolites and metabolic pathways in different cultivated varieties during ripening, this study took local traditional Yunnan Xiaomila fruits (Capsicum frutescens L.) and Jingcui (C. baccatum L.) at green ripening stage and red ripening stage as the research object. The non-targeted metabolome technique was used to reveal the metabolite changes and metabolic pathway differences of two kinds of Xiaomila fruits at different growth stages. The results showed that a total of 880 metabolites of 12 classes were identified in Yunnan Xiaomila, among which the proportion of lipids and organic acids was the highest, indicating that Yunnan Xiaomila was rich in nutrients and could be used as a potential functional food raw material. The types and amounts of differential metabolites were significantly different at different growth stages and varieties, but the nutrients of red fruits were richer than those of green fruits. Compared with the two cultivated species, the local Xiaomila in Yunnan was richer in flavonoids, while the amount and variety of amino acids in Jingcui were more. Specific differential metabolites were screened from different comparison groups. Flavonoids, glycerophospholipids, amino acids and other substances could be used as potential biomarkers for different growth stages of the two cultivars. KEGG enrichment analysis found that the metabolic pathways of common metabolites (lipids, amino acids, sugars, carbohydrates, secondary metabolites, terpenes and polyketones, etc.) were included. The key metabolic pathways in the two growth stages were mainly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of flavonoids and flavonols, biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid. The unique differential metabolic pathways of different comparison groups were found. In conclusion, the results show that there are significant differences in the species and quantity of metabolites in two kinds of Xiaomila and each has its own characteristics, which would provide data support for the quality breeding and the later harvest strategy of Xiaomila fruit.

, authors=null, authorsList=Huaran HU, Qiuyue ZHONG, Lei DU, Ruihao ZHANG, Weifen LI, Fawan LIU, Min GUI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Min GUI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276238105921319322, articleId=1276238096568021378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=2种云南特色小米辣果实成熟过程中代谢物比较分析, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

辣椒及其制品以其独特的风味深受各国人民喜爱,而代谢物质的组成及其含量对辣椒风味品质有重要影响。小米辣是云南区域性特色辣椒品种,因其营养成分丰富、辣味香浓深受消费者青睐。为了探明不同栽培种云南特色小米辣果实在成熟过程中代谢产物和代谢途径的异同,本研究以绿熟期和红熟期云南本地传统小米辣(Capsicum frutescens L.)和晶翠(C. baccatum L.)小米辣果实为研究对象,借助非靶向代谢组技术揭示2种小米辣果实在不同生育期的代谢物变化和代谢途径差异。结果表明:在云南小米辣中共鉴定出12类880个代谢产物,其中脂类、有机酸类占比最高,表明云南小米辣营养物质丰富,可以作为一种潜在的功能性食品原料。差异代谢物的种类、数量因生育期、品种差异出现显著不同,但小米辣红熟果较绿熟果的营养物质更丰富;2种栽培种相比,云南本地小米辣中的黄酮类物质较丰富,而晶翠中的氨基酸数量、种类更多。从不同比较组筛选出特有差异代谢物,黄酮类、甘油磷脂类、氨基酸类等物质可作为2种栽培种在不同生育期的潜在生物标志。KEGG富集分析发现包含了常见代谢物的代谢通路(脂质、氨基酸、糖类、碳水化合物、次生代谢产物、萜类和多酮类等),小米辣在2个生育期的关键代谢通路主要富集在甘油磷脂代谢通路、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成、植物次生代谢产物的生物合成、苯丙素的生物合成,并找到不同比较组特有差异代谢通路。综上,2种小米辣果实代谢物种类、数量差异显著且独具特色,本研究结果为小米辣风味品质育种及后期采收策略提供数据支持。

, authors=

胡华冉(1988—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:辣椒栽培育种。

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* 桂敏(GUI Min),E-mail:
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胡华冉(1988—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:辣椒栽培育种。

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胡华冉(1988—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:辣椒栽培育种。

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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2001, 49(6): 3106-3112., articleTitle=Flavonoid (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin) content of edible tropical plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238124741161500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238096568021378, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=153, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=50, authorNames=DLUDLA P V, NKAMBULE B B, CIRILLI I, MARCHEGGIANI F, MABHIDA S E, ZIQUBU K, journalName=Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DLUDLA P V, NKAMBULE B B, CIRILLI I, MARCHEGGIANI F, MABHIDA S E, ZIQUBU K. Capsaicin, its clinical significance in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy[J]. 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Comparison of metabolites species of YB and JC in green and red ripens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物种类Metabolite speciesJC绿vs JC红JC green vs JC redYB绿vs YB红YB green vs YB redYB绿vs JC绿YB green vs JC greenYB红vs JC红YB red vs JC red
总数All number上调Up-regulation下调Down-regulation总数All number上调Up-regulation下调Down-regulation总数All number上调Up-regulation下调Down-regulation总数All number上调Up-regulation下调Down-regulation
肉桂酸853624330651
香豆素413321440532
黄酮类189936162052411149418
苯丙酸101321220211
异黄酮220110101110
苯类26111522111124204342014
酚类505413431642
萘类404202440101
脂肪酰35287443014341321381622
甘油脂类972532633743
甘油磷脂类43349447374444038317
异戊烯醇脂1610616106127518144
鞘脂类110101303211
固醇脂类17710168816881376
碳氢化合物220440312312
核苷类10100117413310202
氨基酸类761165842361442123441628
有机氧化物1679221012189917107
有机杂环351322291415332310251411
生物碱类633532523624
木脂素类312211110202
), ArticleFig(id=1276238118609088994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238096568021378, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

云南本地小米辣和晶翠绿熟期、红熟期主要差异代谢物统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代谢物种类Metabolite speciesJC绿vs JC红JC green vs JC redYB绿vs YB红YB green vs YB redYB绿vs JC绿YB green vs JC greenYB红vs JC红YB red vs JC red
总数All number上调Up-regulation下调Down-regulation总数All number上调Up-regulation下调Down-regulation总数All number上调Up-regulation下调Down-regulation总数All number上调Up-regulation下调Down-regulation
肉桂酸853624330651
香豆素413321440532
黄酮类189936162052411149418
苯丙酸101321220211
异黄酮220110101110
苯类26111522111124204342014
酚类505413431642
萘类404202440101
脂肪酰35287443014341321381622
甘油脂类972532633743
甘油磷脂类43349447374444038317
异戊烯醇脂1610616106127518144
鞘脂类110101303211
固醇脂类17710168816881376
碳氢化合物220440312312
核苷类10100117413310202
氨基酸类761165842361442123441628
有机氧化物1679221012189917107
有机杂环351322291415332310251411
生物碱类633532523624
木脂素类312211110202
), ArticleFig(id=1276238118701363683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238096568021378, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Specific differential metabolites of YB and JC during the same growth period

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类Classify绿熟果Mature green fruit红熟果Red ripe fruit
YBJCYBJC
有机酸L-异亮氨酸、苏氨酸-苯丙氨酸丝氨酸-脯氨酸、亮抑酶肽、酪啡肽、3-羟基丁酸、2-酮己酸半胱氨酸-氧化谷胱氨态、缬氨酸-天冬酰胺、精氨酸、焦谷氨酰胺
黄酮新橙皮苷、山奈酚-3-鼠李糖苷、异槲皮苷圣草酚、紫云英苷2-芳基苯并呋喃、异牧荆素、3-甲氧基川皮苷、2′-羟基异黄酮、槲皮素3-葡糖苷7-鼠李糖苷3′,4′,5,7-四甲氧基黄酮
脂肪类3-羟基硬脂酸、二十二碳五烯酸肉豆蔻酸四十九烷、二十碳四烯酸、白三烯F4
甘油磷脂类PG 16:1;PG(2:0/14:1)、MGDG 25:6;MGDG(3:0/22:6)LysoPC 18:4、HemiBMP 50:9; HemiBMP(16:3/18:3)2,3-二羟丙基磷酸盐、LysoDGTS 16:0PE(22:5/18:1)
固醇脂类17-环雌三醇、葡萄糖神经酰胺6-羟基地塞米松
核苷类腺苷-3′-单磷酸、UDP-半乳糖、腺苷-5′-单磷酸尿嘧啶核苷-5′-二磷酸-N-乙酰氨基半乳糖二钠盐
有机氧化物壬烯腺苷-2-磷酸1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸
苯类3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘香兰素、扁桃酸、匹立尼酸氨噻唑邻甲苯胺、4-甲基马尿酸、水杨醛
其他棘苷、肟菌酯、4-乙酰基-2-苯并恶唑酮、秋水仙碱、十五烷酰-米德酸乙醇胺阿洛糖、十六碳三烯酸、种菌唑、3-庚烯反式-2-辛烯酸乙酯、N-月桂酰肌氨酸、三苯基氧磷、乙螨唑嘧啶二酮、他莫昔芬、吲哚乳酸
), ArticleFig(id=1276238118793638372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238096568021378, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

同一生育期云南本地小米辣和晶翠特有差异代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类Classify绿熟果Mature green fruit红熟果Red ripe fruit
YBJCYBJC
有机酸L-异亮氨酸、苏氨酸-苯丙氨酸丝氨酸-脯氨酸、亮抑酶肽、酪啡肽、3-羟基丁酸、2-酮己酸半胱氨酸-氧化谷胱氨态、缬氨酸-天冬酰胺、精氨酸、焦谷氨酰胺
黄酮新橙皮苷、山奈酚-3-鼠李糖苷、异槲皮苷圣草酚、紫云英苷2-芳基苯并呋喃、异牧荆素、3-甲氧基川皮苷、2′-羟基异黄酮、槲皮素3-葡糖苷7-鼠李糖苷3′,4′,5,7-四甲氧基黄酮
脂肪类3-羟基硬脂酸、二十二碳五烯酸肉豆蔻酸四十九烷、二十碳四烯酸、白三烯F4
甘油磷脂类PG 16:1;PG(2:0/14:1)、MGDG 25:6;MGDG(3:0/22:6)LysoPC 18:4、HemiBMP 50:9; HemiBMP(16:3/18:3)2,3-二羟丙基磷酸盐、LysoDGTS 16:0PE(22:5/18:1)
固醇脂类17-环雌三醇、葡萄糖神经酰胺6-羟基地塞米松
核苷类腺苷-3′-单磷酸、UDP-半乳糖、腺苷-5′-单磷酸尿嘧啶核苷-5′-二磷酸-N-乙酰氨基半乳糖二钠盐
有机氧化物壬烯腺苷-2-磷酸1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸
苯类3,5-二羟基苯甲酸、1,2,3,4-四氢化萘香兰素、扁桃酸、匹立尼酸氨噻唑邻甲苯胺、4-甲基马尿酸、水杨醛
其他棘苷、肟菌酯、4-乙酰基-2-苯并恶唑酮、秋水仙碱、十五烷酰-米德酸乙醇胺阿洛糖、十六碳三烯酸、种菌唑、3-庚烯反式-2-辛烯酸乙酯、N-月桂酰肌氨酸、三苯基氧磷、乙螨唑嘧啶二酮、他莫昔芬、吲哚乳酸
), ArticleFig(id=1276238118902690277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238096568021378, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Unique differential metabolites of YB and JC at different growth stages

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分类ClassifyYBJC
绿熟果Mature green fruit红熟果Red ripe fruit绿熟果Mature green fruit红熟果Red ripe fruit
有机酸L-异亮氨酸、缬氨酸-苏氨酸、缬氨酸、D-焦谷氨酸、D-α-环己基甘氨酸、酪氨酸-脯氨酸脯氨酸、亮氨酸-脯氨酸、苏氨酸-亮氨酸、谷氨酰胺-亮氨酸、组氨酸-苯丙氨酸、色氨酸-苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸-色氨酸L-丝氨酸、天冬酰胺、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、消旋蛋氨酸、组氨酸-亮氨酸、辣椒碱、苯丙氨酸-甲硫氨酸、谷氨酰胺-色氨酸、酪氨酸-色氨酸
脂肪类α-亚麻酸、FAHFA 20:0;(2:0/18:0)、二十二碳六烯酸甲酯氧十八烷酸、2-羟基硬脂酸、顺式-玉米素O-葡糖苷FAHFA 20:0; (2:0/18:0)、十七羟基亚麻酸、辛酸甲酯、11-羟基-9十三烯酸、20-HETE棕榈酰胺
黄酮类槲皮素3,5,7,3',4'-五甲基醚山奈酚-3-O-槐糖苷、山柰酚广寄生甙
甘油磷脂类LysoPC 20:0、PC[15:0/18:1(11Z)]、PC[20:1(11Z)/15:0]PC(14:1/20:4)、PE(22:4/15:0)LysoPA 13:1、PE(15:0/22:5)
有机氧化物獐牙菜苦甙、壬苯醇醚-95-甲基喹喔啉、L-岩藻糖
苯类2-羟基-5-甲氧基苯甲醛2-甲氧基-4-十五烷基苯甲酸二甲基苯胺、奥美沙坦酯
核苷类脱氧鸟苷二磷酸黄嘌呤核苷、腺苷蛋氨酸
肉桂酸4-甲氧基肉桂酸、1-O-P-酰基-β-D-葡萄糖香豆酸
香豆素马栗树糖苷
其他桧烯、避虫酮、决奈达隆间异丙威、中乌头碱
), ArticleFig(id=1276238118973993446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238096568021378, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同生育期云南本地小米辣和晶翠特有差异代谢物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类ClassifyYBJC
绿熟果Mature green fruit红熟果Red ripe fruit绿熟果Mature green fruit红熟果Red ripe fruit
有机酸L-异亮氨酸、缬氨酸-苏氨酸、缬氨酸、D-焦谷氨酸、D-α-环己基甘氨酸、酪氨酸-脯氨酸脯氨酸、亮氨酸-脯氨酸、苏氨酸-亮氨酸、谷氨酰胺-亮氨酸、组氨酸-苯丙氨酸、色氨酸-苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸-色氨酸L-丝氨酸、天冬酰胺、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、消旋蛋氨酸、组氨酸-亮氨酸、辣椒碱、苯丙氨酸-甲硫氨酸、谷氨酰胺-色氨酸、酪氨酸-色氨酸
脂肪类α-亚麻酸、FAHFA 20:0;(2:0/18:0)、二十二碳六烯酸甲酯氧十八烷酸、2-羟基硬脂酸、顺式-玉米素O-葡糖苷FAHFA 20:0; (2:0/18:0)、十七羟基亚麻酸、辛酸甲酯、11-羟基-9十三烯酸、20-HETE棕榈酰胺
黄酮类槲皮素3,5,7,3',4'-五甲基醚山奈酚-3-O-槐糖苷、山柰酚广寄生甙
甘油磷脂类LysoPC 20:0、PC[15:0/18:1(11Z)]、PC[20:1(11Z)/15:0]PC(14:1/20:4)、PE(22:4/15:0)LysoPA 13:1、PE(15:0/22:5)
有机氧化物獐牙菜苦甙、壬苯醇醚-95-甲基喹喔啉、L-岩藻糖
苯类2-羟基-5-甲氧基苯甲醛2-甲氧基-4-十五烷基苯甲酸二甲基苯胺、奥美沙坦酯
核苷类脱氧鸟苷二磷酸黄嘌呤核苷、腺苷蛋氨酸
肉桂酸4-甲氧基肉桂酸、1-O-P-酰基-β-D-葡萄糖香豆酸
香豆素马栗树糖苷
其他桧烯、避虫酮、决奈达隆间异丙威、中乌头碱
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2种云南特色小米辣果实成熟过程中代谢物比较分析
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胡华冉 , 钟秋月 , 杜磊 , 张芮豪 , 李卫芬 , 刘发万 , 桂敏 *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(2): 343-358
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (2) : 343 -358
2种云南特色小米辣果实成熟过程中代谢物比较分析
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胡华冉, 钟秋月, 杜磊, 张芮豪, 李卫芬, 刘发万, 桂敏*
作者信息
  • 云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,云南昆明 650205
通讯作者:
* 桂敏(GUI Min),E-mail:
Comparative Analysis of Metabolites in Two Kinds of Yunnan Xiaomila Fruits During Ripening
Huaran HU, Qiuyue ZHONG, Lei DU, Ruihao ZHANG, Weifen LI, Fawan LIU, Min GUI*
Affiliations
  • Horticultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming, Yunnan 650205, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.010
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辣椒及其制品以其独特的风味深受各国人民喜爱,而代谢物质的组成及其含量对辣椒风味品质有重要影响。小米辣是云南区域性特色辣椒品种,因其营养成分丰富、辣味香浓深受消费者青睐。为了探明不同栽培种云南特色小米辣果实在成熟过程中代谢产物和代谢途径的异同,本研究以绿熟期和红熟期云南本地传统小米辣(Capsicum frutescens L.)和晶翠(C. baccatum L.)小米辣果实为研究对象,借助非靶向代谢组技术揭示2种小米辣果实在不同生育期的代谢物变化和代谢途径差异。结果表明:在云南小米辣中共鉴定出12类880个代谢产物,其中脂类、有机酸类占比最高,表明云南小米辣营养物质丰富,可以作为一种潜在的功能性食品原料。差异代谢物的种类、数量因生育期、品种差异出现显著不同,但小米辣红熟果较绿熟果的营养物质更丰富;2种栽培种相比,云南本地小米辣中的黄酮类物质较丰富,而晶翠中的氨基酸数量、种类更多。从不同比较组筛选出特有差异代谢物,黄酮类、甘油磷脂类、氨基酸类等物质可作为2种栽培种在不同生育期的潜在生物标志。KEGG富集分析发现包含了常见代谢物的代谢通路(脂质、氨基酸、糖类、碳水化合物、次生代谢产物、萜类和多酮类等),小米辣在2个生育期的关键代谢通路主要富集在甘油磷脂代谢通路、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成、植物次生代谢产物的生物合成、苯丙素的生物合成,并找到不同比较组特有差异代谢通路。综上,2种小米辣果实代谢物种类、数量差异显著且独具特色,本研究结果为小米辣风味品质育种及后期采收策略提供数据支持。

小米辣  /  不同生育期  /  非靶向代谢组  /  差异代谢物  /  代谢途径

Pepper and its products are loved by people all over the world for its unique flavor, and the composition and content of metabolites have an important influence on the flavor quality of pepper. As a regional characteristic variety of chili pepper in Yunnan province, Xiaomila is favored by consumers because of its rich nutrition and spicy flavor. In order to find out the similarities and differences of metabolites and metabolic pathways in different cultivated varieties during ripening, this study took local traditional Yunnan Xiaomila fruits (Capsicum frutescens L.) and Jingcui (C. baccatum L.) at green ripening stage and red ripening stage as the research object. The non-targeted metabolome technique was used to reveal the metabolite changes and metabolic pathway differences of two kinds of Xiaomila fruits at different growth stages. The results showed that a total of 880 metabolites of 12 classes were identified in Yunnan Xiaomila, among which the proportion of lipids and organic acids was the highest, indicating that Yunnan Xiaomila was rich in nutrients and could be used as a potential functional food raw material. The types and amounts of differential metabolites were significantly different at different growth stages and varieties, but the nutrients of red fruits were richer than those of green fruits. Compared with the two cultivated species, the local Xiaomila in Yunnan was richer in flavonoids, while the amount and variety of amino acids in Jingcui were more. Specific differential metabolites were screened from different comparison groups. Flavonoids, glycerophospholipids, amino acids and other substances could be used as potential biomarkers for different growth stages of the two cultivars. KEGG enrichment analysis found that the metabolic pathways of common metabolites (lipids, amino acids, sugars, carbohydrates, secondary metabolites, terpenes and polyketones, etc.) were included. The key metabolic pathways in the two growth stages were mainly enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of flavonoids and flavonols, biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites, and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid. The unique differential metabolic pathways of different comparison groups were found. In conclusion, the results show that there are significant differences in the species and quantity of metabolites in two kinds of Xiaomila and each has its own characteristics, which would provide data support for the quality breeding and the later harvest strategy of Xiaomila fruit.

Xiaomila  /  different development  /  non-targeted metabolome  /  differential metabolites  /  metabolic pathways
胡华冉, 钟秋月, 杜磊, 张芮豪, 李卫芬, 刘发万, 桂敏. 2种云南特色小米辣果实成熟过程中代谢物比较分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 343 -358 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.010
Huaran HU, Qiuyue ZHONG, Lei DU, Ruihao ZHANG, Weifen LI, Fawan LIU, Min GUI. Comparative Analysis of Metabolites in Two Kinds of Yunnan Xiaomila Fruits During Ripening[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (2) : 343 -358 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.010
辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)是中国种植面积最大,加工、消费功能最多的蔬菜,其调味品极受欢迎,同时还具有很高的药用价值[1-2]。目前全球有三分之二的国家或地区种植和食用辣椒,而中国在国际辣椒产业中占据主导地位[3-4]。云南省作为中国辣椒主产区之一,凭借独特的地域气候条件生产出丘北辣、小米辣、涮辣等系列特色辣椒产品,已成为中国特色辣椒的重要产区,辣椒产业在高原特色蔬菜的发展与布局中占据首要地位[5-6]。其中,小米辣是我国特有的野生辣椒品种资源,云南省小米辣种植面积占全国小米辣种植面积的80%以上,面积和产量均居全国首位[5,7],成为全国小米辣主要种植产地。近年来,小米辣由于其营养丰富、味道香浓、市场前景广阔、产业链长而受到各地政府的高度重视,种植面积也逐年扩大,总产量不断上升,加工产品也向多样化发展。小米辣的加工产品以泡椒为主,主要用于开胃菜和调味品,不仅是滇菜核心风味的重要来源,同时也在湘菜、川菜、滇菜烹饪用途中极为广泛[8-9]
代谢组学能研究生物体内代谢物质的种类、数量及其变化规律,探讨其在代谢物层面发生的特征与规律[10]。其中非靶向代谢组学可以全面、系统、高通量地分析源自生物体的所有代谢产物,是一种可以发现差异代谢物、新生物标志物及新代谢通路的无偏代谢组学分析,在茄果类蔬菜中得到广泛应用[11]。辣椒果实含有丰富的维生素、类胡萝卜素、有机酸以及糖类、类黄酮和挥发性代谢产物,其种类和含量决定了辣椒果实的品质[1,12]。目前,研究者利用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、核磁共振(NMR)以及液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)等代谢谱测定方法,对辣椒不同栽培种及种内不同材料的代谢物和主要化合物组成、含量进行了研究[13-16]。研究发现代谢物的种类和含量因辣椒材料、果实发育时期和果实部位等存在差异[17-19],但鲜有基于非靶向代谢组学对云南小米辣的代谢物开展比较分析的研究。
常见的小米辣属于灌木辣椒种(C. frutescens L.),作为地方常规品种,产业化发展过程中存在品种退化、产量低、生育期长、抗性减弱等问题,加上小米辣保留种植品种比较单一,品种类型少,故开发利用现有种质资源,创制小米辣新品种成为育种者的主要工作之一。本团队研究发现浆果辣椒种(C. baccatum L.)资源品质十分优良,且生育期显著短于云南小米辣。因此,依托云南独特的资源优势和地域气候条件,本团队利用从韩国引进的浆果种材料培育的自交系,经过杂交组合创制出浆果种小米辣晶翠,目前已获得新品种授权(编号2022020786)。通过多地布点试验发现其果实商品性、坐果率、抗性方面均表现良好,优于云南本地小米辣,并存在独特的口感与风味,深受农民喜爱,在云南得到广泛推广。但晶翠是否达到小米辣的品质,其果实成分是否与云南本地小米辣有差异,从而使其优于传统地方品种,尚无理论依据。
因此,本研究利用非靶向代谢组学技术,对不同生育期的晶翠和云南本地传统小米辣品种的代谢成分特征进行全面比较,以期从整体代谢物层面分析二者的相似性和差异性;筛选影响二者品质形成的差异代谢物,对相关代谢物进行代谢通路富集分析,探讨二者的代谢调控机制。本研究不仅为小米辣的营养功能评价提供基础,也为辣椒的高品质育种与采收提供理论参考。
云南本地小米辣(YB)和晶翠(JC)小米辣品种由云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所特色蔬菜创新团队提供。2个品种于2021年5月在云南省昆明市安宁辣椒基地定植,由于2个品种果实的生育期不同,云南本地小米辣、晶翠的绿熟果分别在花后约60、40 d采收,其红熟果分别在花后约80、55 d采收,每品种样品选取4株长势一致、无病虫害的辣椒植株,每个样品设置6次生物学重复,将同部位的辣椒果实去掉把柄和种子,置于液氮速冻,于–80 ℃保存。送至联川(杭州)生物有限公司进行非靶向代谢组检测。
称取100 mg的辣椒果实样品,液氮中研磨,加入120 μL 50%甲醇,充分震动、混匀,常温静置10 min。提取液于–20 ℃过夜,沉淀样品中的蛋白质。4000×g离心20 min,转移上清液至96孔板,每个样品等量取出10 μL稀释液混合成质控(QC)样品。
采集柱温设置为35 ℃,流速为0.4 mL/min。流动相为A相:水(0.1%甲酸);B相:乙腈(0.1%甲酸)。液相梯度设置为:0~0.5 min,5% B;0.5~7 min,5%~100% B;7~8 min,100% B;8~8.1 min,100%~5% B;8.1~10 min,5% B。每个样本进行一次正离子(5000 V)模式采集和一次负离子(–4500 V)模式采集,使用信息依赖性数据采集模式。在一个采集循环中,一级采集范围为60~1200 Da,一级采集时间为150 ms,每秒信号积累强度超过100的前12个信号离子进行二级碎裂扫描。脉冲射频电的频率为11 kHz,检测器的检测频率为40 GHz;扫描的动态排除时间设置为4 s。在采集过程中,每间隔20个样本进行一次仪器准确度校正。同时,每间隔10个样本进行一次QC品的扫描。
利用Proteowizard的MSConvert软件将质谱下机原始数据转换成可读数据格式-mzXML。利用XCMS软件进行峰提取并进行质控,利用CAMERA软件进行加和离子注释。利用metaX软件对代谢物进行定量。候选鉴定物质分别利用HMDB、KEGG等数据库进行代谢物注释。同时对代谢物进行PCA和OPLS-DA分析,组间差异代谢物的筛选条件为ratio≥2或ratio≤1/2、P<0.05、VIP≥1。
图1可知,不同小米辣比较组中云南本地小米辣和晶翠2个品种的空间位置在PCA中被显著分开,表明2个品种在绿熟期和红熟期的代谢物存在明显差异。通过OPLS-DA模型可以进一步验证PCA的结果,增强后续数据分析结果的真实性与可靠性。OPLS-DA置换检验结果图2可以看出,4组的Q2值分别为–0.6498、–0.6062、–0.6702、–0.6464,Q2<0说明模型不存在过拟合的情况,差异代谢物分析比较准确。因此可选用上述OPLS-DA模型进行后续的差异性分析。
通过非靶向代谢组数据(图3)统计,在云南小米辣中共鉴定出880个代谢物,其中脂类(34.24%)占比最高,主要包括脂肪类、甘油磷脂类、异戊烯醇类、鞘脂类、固醇类等。其次为有机酸类(19.23%)、苯丙烷和聚酮类(11.60%)、苯环型化合物(11.26%)、有机杂环化合物(8.76%),而核苷类、生物碱类、碳氢化合物、有机氮化物以及有机硫化物占比较少。
图4可知,4组样本中2个品种分别在绿熟期和红熟期样本表达丰度显著不同,组内差异明显。不同比较组与品质相关的主要差异代谢物数量存在明显差异(表1),特别是黄酮类、脂类、有机酸类。通过图5统计可以看出,相同生育期不同品种相比,无论绿熟期还是红熟期,上调数均高于下调数,即云南本地小米辣品种的差异代谢物多于晶翠;同一品种不同生育期相比,2个品种的差异代谢物数量红熟期均高于绿熟期。在YB绿vs JC绿组共有差异代谢物421个,其中上调223个,黄酮类最多;下调198个,甘油磷脂类居多。在YB红vs JC红组共有差异代谢物429个,其中上调252个,黄酮类和甘油磷脂类居多;下调177个,脂肪类和有机酸类代谢物居多。YB绿vs YB红组共有差异代谢物450个,其中上调206个,脂肪类代谢物最多;下调244个,有机酸类和甘油磷脂类居多。JC绿vs JC红组共有差异代谢物416个,204个上调,甘油磷脂类最多;212个下调,有机酸类占比最高(图5B)。综上,2个小米辣品种绿熟期脂类代谢物质丰富,红熟期有机酸类物质相对丰富。
通过小米辣不同比较组韦恩图(图6)发现,与其他3组比,YB绿vs JC绿组特有差异代谢物36个,其中上调17个,下调19个;YB红vs JC红组特有差异代谢物41个,上调19个,下调22个;YB绿vs YB红组共有特有差异代谢物39个,上调19个,下调20个;JC绿vs JC红组共有特有差异代谢物38个,上调16个,下调22个。以上统计发现,晶翠品种中特有差异代谢物的数量高于云南本地小米辣,且红熟期多于绿熟期。这些特有差异代谢物可以作为区分2个品种在不同生育期或同一生育期的生物标志。不同比较组特有差异代谢物详见表2表3
本研究中,不同小米辣比较组苯丙烷和聚酮类差异代谢物主要包括肉桂酸、香豆素、黄酮类、异黄酮及大环内酯等。对4个比较组的该类物质进行统计分析(图7)发现:在JC绿中5种肉桂酸(对香豆酸、4-甲氧基肉桂酸、3-羟基肉桂酸等)、11种黄酮类物质(飞燕草素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素、槲皮素等)以及1种香豆素物质表达丰度较高;JC红中的其他8种黄酮类物质(芹菜苷、樱草素、芍药素葡萄糖苷等)以及3种肉桂酸和香豆素代谢物质相对丰富。YB红中肉桂酸、黄酮类差异代谢物数量均高于YB绿。以上结果表明,晶翠绿熟果、云南本地小米辣红熟果中的黄酮类物质相对丰富。分析YB绿vs JC绿组发现,YB绿中肉桂酸、香豆素、黄酮类物质较为丰富,表达丰度较高,其黄酮类物质高达38种;而JC绿中仅有13种黄酮类代谢物表达丰度较高。YB红vs JC红组同样发现YB红中的肉桂酸、香草素和黄酮类物质均显著高于JC红,YB红中发现肉桂酸5种,香草素3种,黄酮类38种,而JC红则有3-羟基肉桂酸1种、香豆素2种、黄酮类7种,表达相对丰富。以上结果表明,云南本地小米辣较晶翠品种黄酮类物质更多。
不同小米辣比较组脂类差异代谢物主要包括脂肪类、甘油脂类、甘油磷脂类、孕烯醇酮脂类、固醇脂类、鞘脂类(图8)。比较分析JC绿vs JC红组发现,JC绿中脂类物质数量、种类明显高于JC红,特别是脂肪类、甘油磷脂类的数量占比最高;JC红中固醇类、甘油磷脂类、脂肪类、孕烯醇酮脂类数量、种类基本平均分布。比较YB绿vs YB红组发现,YB绿中脂肪类物质的种类、数量占比最高,其次为孕烯醇酮脂类、甘油脂类、甘油磷脂类;与YB红相比,YB绿中多了鞘脂类物质。而YB红中甘油磷脂类物质的种类、数量占比最高,其次为脂肪类、固醇脂类。分析YB绿vs JC绿组发现,JC绿中的各脂类代谢物的数量、种类显著高于YB绿;JC绿中的甘油磷脂类物质的种类、数量最多,其次为脂肪酸、固醇脂类。YB绿中的脂肪酸类物质最多,其次为固醇脂类、孕烯醇酮脂类。在YB红vs JC红组中,YB红脂类代谢物的数量明显高于JC红,其中甘油磷脂类物质的种类、数量占比最高,其次为脂肪酸类、孕烯醇酮脂类。JC红中的脂肪酸含量占比最高,其次为甘油磷脂类、固醇脂类。
分析JC绿vs JC红组发现,JC红中有机酸物质的种类、数量显著高于JC绿,其种类高达58种,含有丰富的氨基酸(L-谷氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-瓜氨等)以及多肽氨基酸(Leu-Thr、Tyr-Gly、Phe-Se等);JC绿中则主要包含3-丙酸甲酯、L-谷氨酰胺、琥珀酸等15种有机酸。在YB绿vs YB红组中,与绿熟果相比,YB红比YB绿的氨基酸及多肽氨基酸种类更丰富,高达66种。以上研究结果表明,2个小米辣品种红熟果比绿熟果氨基酸种类更丰富。分析YB绿vs JC绿组发现,JC绿中有机酸更丰富,高达29种,主要包括天冬氨酸、琥珀酸、顺乌头酸、柠檬酸以及多肽氨基酸等;YB绿中含有棕榈酰胺、马来酸、焦谷氨酸等21种有机酸。在YB红vs JC红组中,JC红中的有机酸物质的种类、数量明显多于YB红;JC红中含有L-瓜氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺、L-苯丙酸以及丰富的多肽氨基酸,高达28种;YB红中则含有棕榈酰胺、3-丙酸甲酯、脯氨酸甜菜碱及多肽氨基酸,共19种。以上研究结果表明,与云南本地小米辣相比,晶翠的氨基酸种类更丰富(图9)。
通过数据库统计发现,YB绿vs YB红、JC绿vs JC红、YB绿vs JC绿组和YB红vs JC红组获得的差异代谢物分别富集了46、44、47、61条代谢通路(P<0.05)。由图10可知,YB绿vs YB红组显著性最强的5条代谢通路为:(1)氨基酸的生物合成通路,共有13种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(2)植物次生代谢的生物合成途径,共有14种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(3)ABC转运蛋白,共有12种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(4)苯丙素的生物合成,共有11种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(5)黄酮类和黄酮醇生物合成途径,共有7种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路。
JC绿vs JC红组显著性最强的5条代谢通路为:(1)代谢通路,共有70种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(2)甘油磷酸脂代谢通路,共有14种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(3)植物次生代谢的生物合成途径,共有17种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(4)苯丙氨酸代谢途径,共有10种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(5)氨基酸的生物合成,共有16种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路。
YB绿vs JC绿组显著性最强的5条代谢通路为:(1)甘油磷脂代谢通路,共有11种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(2)氨酰生物合成,共有8种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(3)植物次级代谢物的生物合成,共有15种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(4)苯丙类生物合成通路,共有12种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(5)黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成,8种,ABC转运蛋白共有11种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路。
YB红vs JC红组显著性最强的5条代谢通路为:(1)甘油磷脂代谢通路,共有13种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(2)黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成,共有8种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(3)苯丙素的生物合成,共有9种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(4)苯丙类生物合成通路,共有6种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路;(5)甘油脂类代谢通路,共有4种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路。ABC转运蛋白共有8种显著差异代谢物注释到该通路。
通过统计分析4组样本富集的代谢通路发现,核黄素的新陈代谢通路是YB绿vs YB红组特有代谢通路;JC绿vs JC红特有代谢通路为丁酸代谢和类黄酮生物合成;YB绿vs JC绿特有代谢通路主要为萜类和聚酮类生物碱的生物合成、丙酮酸代谢;YB红vs JC红特有的富集通路包括淀粉和蔗糖代谢、赖氨酸生物合成、戊糖磷酸途径、脂肪酸生物合成、异黄酮生物合成等;4个比较组共有的富集通路为甘油磷脂代谢通路、植物次生代谢产物的生物合成、苯丙素的生物合成、黄酮和黄酮醇生物合成等。
为了充分开发与利用云南地方特色小米辣种质资源,了解影响其风味品质的代谢成分是人们关注的热点之一。本研究采用的液相色谱-质谱联用技术已普遍应用于作物的成分分析、代谢产物分析研究等,从代谢差异物的种类、数量等方面对不同生育期、不同栽培种小米辣进行对比,发现二者存在明显的代谢物变化。不同辣椒品种,特别是不同栽培种之间,果实代谢物差异明显;即使同一辣椒品种在不同发育期,也存在代谢差异[20-21]。本研究结果与以上研究报道一致,为云南小米辣特色种质资源风味品质的开发与利用提供有力的数据支持。
本研究主成分分析中不同生育期的晶翠和云南本地小米辣品种具有明显的分离趋势,2个品种在绿熟期和红熟期的代谢物存在明显差异。比较不同生育期2个品种的显著差异代谢物发现,不同品种在同一生育期以及同一品种在不同生育期的差异代谢物显著上调,表明与这些物质相关的代谢过程十分活跃,可以筛选出在2个品种中高表达且特有的代谢物质。有学者通过比较分析辣椒品种的代谢组学特征,筛选到黄酮类、辣椒素类化合物是吉泽辣椒与韩国辣椒最重要的生物标志[22]。本研究比较不同小米辣种质在同一生育期的差异代谢物(YB绿vs JC绿组),与其他3组相比,L-异亮氨酸、3-羟基硬脂酸、种菌唑等代谢物质在晶翠绿熟果中特有,新橙皮苷、山奈酚-3-鼠李糖苷、异槲皮苷等代谢物在云南本地小米辣绿熟果中特有。比较小米辣在不同生育期的差异代谢物(YB绿vs YB红组),缬氨酸、酪氨酸-脯氨酸、α-亚麻酸等特有物质在YB绿熟果中丰度较高,脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸-色氨酸、山奈酚等特有代谢物在YB红熟果中丰度较高。这些特有代谢物可以作为区分不同生育期2种种质重要的鉴别成分。
氨基酸是植物中最重要的初级代谢产物之一,不仅可以通过参与碳储存、胁迫防御等代谢途径在植物生长发育中充当重要角色,而且也在调节营养物质代谢、增强免疫力方面对人体健康发挥着积极的作用[23-24]。小米辣中氨基酸代谢物累积差异可能与小米辣栽培种及生育期有关。本研究发现小米辣有机酸类物质的主要组成成分是氨基酸,推测它是小米辣形成独特风味品质的重要物质基础,2个品种红熟果中氨基酸数量是绿熟果的1.6~4.9倍,因此就氨基酸品质而言,说明红熟期的小米辣果实更营养丰富与适宜采收,小米辣红熟果相比绿熟果对人体更有益。同时发现,无论绿熟期还是红熟期,晶翠品种中的氨基酸数量均显著高于云南本地小米辣品种,这可能由于栽培种不同而导致。在JC绿vs JC红和YB红vs JC红2个比较组中,均发现晶翠红果中含有丰富的天冬氨酸、精氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸等及多肽氨基酸,不仅含有人体必需氨基酸,而且多样的氨基酸在人体中发挥诸多生物学功能[25]。例如,天冬氨酸和谷氨酸可用于合成其他氨基酸[26];苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸作为芳香族氨基酸,是多种次生代谢物的前体[27]。此外,氨基酸类物质具有呈味特性,如L-天冬氨酸、L-谷氨酸、L-丙氨酸、苯丙氨酸等呈鲜味,L-丙氨酸等呈甜味,说明随着发育成熟的进行,小分子营养物质不断生成[28-29],成熟小米辣的风味物质不断增加,促进辣椒果实品质的改善。这些呈味氨基酸有助于小米辣独特风味的形成,这也可能是受消费者喜好的关键原因和重要物质基础。
小米辣脂类代谢物占总代谢物的34.24%,与其他组分相比,占比最高。研究表明脂质参与多种生命活动,尤其是胁迫响应,同时也是日常饮食的主要组成部分[30]。通过分析不同比较组发现晶翠绿熟果、云南本地小米辣红熟果中脂类物质数量、种类较高,脂肪酸类、甘油磷脂类较为丰富。晶翠植株在绿熟期的抗病性明显高于云南本地小米辣,这可能与其丰富的脂类代谢物有关。脂肪酸是成熟过程中辣椒风味形成的重要前体物质[31],在后续发育过程中易被氧化生成挥发性风味物质,如酯类、醛类、酮类等,有助于促进成熟辣椒果实风味和营养物的形成,可使成熟辣椒果实的风味更加浓郁。甘油磷脂类物质(溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺、血磷脂酰肌醇、溶血磷脂酰胆碱等)在晶翠绿熟果、云南本地小米辣红熟果中也大量发现,这些不饱和脂肪酸、磷脂代谢物均在神经系统功能、心血管疾病研究中被开发为生物标记物,在人类营养与健康方面发挥重要的作用[32]
黄酮类化合物广泛存在于蔬菜中,具有抗氧化、降血糖等多种活性功能[33-34]。槲皮素、橙皮素、柚皮素、山奈酚都可作为抗氧化剂,具有抗菌抗癌和抗病毒活性的功能;木犀草素通过抑制NF-κB信号通路发挥抗炎作用,通过对Nrf2转录活性的激活而发挥抗氧化作用[33]。2个品种对比发现,此类差异代谢物在云南本地小米辣果实中丰度较高,且其在红熟果中多于绿熟果;晶翠中此类代谢物在绿熟果和红熟果的数量、种类相当。此外,云南本地小米辣中富含花青素,如天竺葵、矢车菊、芍药花素、飞燕草素等,花青素具有抗水肿、抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌等保护作用[35]。除了健康益处外,这些黄酮类物质还有助产生令人愉快的味道和整体感官体验[33]
云南小米辣不同比较组差异代谢物富集的前5条代谢通路基本均含有甘油磷脂代谢通路,谭华强等[20]研究发现HN191和二荆条辣椒在果实未熟期和老熟期差异代谢物最多的前5条KEGG通路中未发现甘油磷脂代谢通路,与本研究结果不一致,这很可能与辣椒品种的遗传背景有关。本研究的材料为小米辣,属于灌木(C. frutescens L.)、浆果型(C. baccatum L.)栽培种,而HN191是朝天椒,二荆条辣椒属于线椒,二者为一年生(C. annuum L.)栽培种。同时本研究还发现类黄酮生物合成、脂肪酸生物合成等代谢途径为区分不同比较组成分差异的重要通路。
综上,从小米辣筛选出的差异代谢物中不仅包括必需氨基酸(赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、色氨酸等)、必需脂肪酸(花生四烯酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸)、核苷酸等,这些代谢产物是重要的风味前体物质,可参与风味形成、脂质降解,对辣椒果实成熟风味的形成有促进作用[26];还从小米辣中鉴定出比较丰富的具备一定生物活性的次生代谢产物,诸如酚类物质、木脂素和香豆素。因此,丰富的不饱和脂肪酸等脂质成分、氨基酸、黄酮类物质以及次生代谢产物可能是小米辣发挥活性功能、适应环境以及发展为功能性食物的重要物质基础。此外,云南本地小米辣中辣椒素类代谢物含量(如降二氢辣椒素、辣椒素、去甲辣椒素、辣椒素酯、高辣椒素)均比晶翠含量丰富,辣椒素不仅可以作为食品添加剂,还具有消炎、镇痛、麻醉等方面的功效,在医药保健方面发挥着重要功能[2,36]。不同栽培种云南特色小米辣果实在绿熟期和红熟期代谢产物和代谢途径的比较分析,为后期小米辣高品质育种提供理论支持。
  • 云南省重大专项(202302AE090006)
  • 兴滇英才支持计划(产业创新人才)项目
  • 云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.010
  • 接收时间:2024-08-05
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-05
  • 修回日期:2024-09-02
基金
云南省重大专项(202302AE090006)
兴滇英才支持计划(产业创新人才)项目
云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001)
作者信息
    云南省农业科学院园艺作物研究所,云南昆明 650205

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* 桂敏(GUI Min),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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