Article(id=1276238095762723051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723737600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-16, revisedDate=1727107200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782208473386, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782208473386, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782208473386, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782208473386, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276238094940639467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='2', pageStart='247', pageEnd='489', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1740412800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782208473191, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782208527160, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276238321386909891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276238094940639467, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=310, endPage=321, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276238096043741421, articleId=1276238095762723051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Agronomic and Yield Traits of 7 Arabica Coffee Hybrids F1 in Different Regions of Pu’er, Yunnan, China, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to breed new coffee varieties with good characteristics for improving the yield and quality of Yunnan coffee production. Arabica coffee hybrid F1 was introduced from Nestle R&D Center in France to Pu’er to study plant growth, fruiting characteristics, yield and bean physical properties. The varieties are 107, 117, 118,120, 121, 10×25 and 12×25, and the control is T8667, a widely planted cultivar. The test sites were Simao, Ning’er, Menglian and Jiangcheng. The results indicated that the plant height, stem diameter and crown width of the 3-year-old plant for the varieties was 84.20-175.00 cm, 21.69-53.34 mm, and 74.80-165.30 cm, respectively. All test varieties were dwarf plant. GPFA117 showed thicker stems and wider crown, 118 and 121 had better crown width than the control. The number of primary branches was 34.00~62.20. The longest primary branch length and diameter range was 43.40-89.00 cm, 4.86-11.40 mm respectively. The varieties with excellent performance were those with more number of primary branches, strong and long branches. 117, 118 and 121. 10×25 showed longer primary branches than the control, and the primary branch of 107, 120 varieties was thicker and longer, which can also be used as a good trait in future breeding. The least number fruits per node were 12×25 and T8667, and other varieties had more than 15 fruits per node. The variety 107, 117, 118, 120, 121 and 10×25 had the highest fresh fruit yield per plant and dry bean yield per hectare, up to 4.50–6.58 kg and 3289.46–4968.57 kg. Varieties 117, 118 and 120 had an average dry bean yield of over 3000 kg/hm2 during the two-year peak production period, indicating a relatively high level of yield. It showed the advantage of high yield of hybrid varieties respectively. The fresh-dry ratio was (4.31-6.48)∶1, the highest was 10×25. The weight of 100 parchment beans was 14.93-20.67 g, and that of 12×25 was the smallest one. Others showed completely filled fruit and medium bean granularity. Varieties 117, 118, 120, 121 and 10×25 had some excellent traits such as plants shorter, thicker stems, wider crown, more thicker and longer primary branches, high yield, plump fruits, medium grain size over T8667. The varieties would provide scientific basis for promoting high-yield and high-quality coffee varieties in production.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jing YANG, Xuejun LI, Yunping DONG, Zhenjiang LYU, Peibin WANG, Anle HE, Jiazhi HOU, Zhengyang LUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuejun LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276238100066078963, articleId=1276238095762723051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=7个小粒种咖啡新品种在云南普洱不同地区农艺和产量性状研究, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为选育出高产、品质优良的小粒种咖啡新品种,提高云南咖啡的产量和品质,本研究从法国雀巢研发中心引进小粒种咖啡新品种杂交种F1,在普洱不同地区开展了植株生长量、结果特性、产量以及咖啡豆物理性状的研究。新品种分别为107、117、118、120、121、10×25、12×25,对照品种为生产主栽品种T8667,共8个参试品种进行对比分析。试验地点设于普洱市思茅区、宁洱县、孟连县、江城县4个咖啡种植区。结果表明:各品种3年生株高为84.20~175.00 cm,茎粗为21.69~53.34 mm,冠幅为74.80~165.30 cm,各品种植株矮生,117的茎粗和冠幅、118、121的冠幅优于对照;3年生一级分枝数量为34.00~62.20条,长度为43.40~89.00 cm,粗度为4.86~11.40 mm,综合来看,117、118、121的一级分枝数量多,粗壮且长度长,是性状表现优良的品种。10×25一级分枝长度超过对照,107、120品种一级分枝粗壮且长,是在今后育种中可以利用的优良性状;CCCA 12×25和T8667的单节果实数较少,其余品种均超过15粒;107、117、118、120、121、10×25单株鲜果产量和每公顷干豆产量最高为4.50~6.58 kg、3289.46~4968.57 kg,品种117、118、120盛产期2年平均每公顷干豆产量大于3000 kg,产量处于较高水平,显示出杂交种高产的优势;鲜干比为(4.31~6.48)∶1,百粒带壳豆重为14.93~20.67 g,10×25鲜干比最高,12×25百粒带壳豆重最小,其余各品种果实饱满,粒度中等。本研究筛选出植株矮生、茎粗壮、冠幅宽,一级分枝数量多、粗壮且长、产量高、果实饱满,粒度中等,性状优于生产主栽品种T8667的优良品种117、118、120、121、10×25,为生产上推广丰产优质咖啡新品种提供科学依据。

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杨婧(1981—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:咖啡栽培。

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* 李学俊(LI Xuejun),E-mail:
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杨婧(1981—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:咖啡栽培。

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杨婧(1981—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:咖啡栽培。

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Industrial Crops and Products, 2013, 43: 578-586., articleTitle=Association of Hevea with other tree crops can be more profifitable than Hevea monocrop during first 12 years, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238122123923819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=216, issue=null, pageStart=78, pageEnd=94, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=MARIE L, ABDALLAH C, CAMPA C, COURTEL P, BORDEAUX M, NAVARINI L, LONZARICH V, BOSSELMANN A S, TURREIRA-GARCı A N, ALPIZAR E, GEORGET F, BREITLER J C, ETIENNE H, BERTRAND B, journalName=Euphytica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MARIE L, ABDALLAH C, CAMPA C, COURTEL P, BORDEAUX M, NAVARINI L, LONZARICH V, BOSSELMANN A S, TURREIRA-GARCı A N, ALPIZAR E, GEORGET F, BREITLER J C, ETIENNE H, BERTRAND B. G×E interactions on yield and quality in Coffea arabica: new F1 hybrids outperform American cultivars[J]. Euphytica, 2020, 216: 78-94., articleTitle=G×E interactions on yield and quality in Coffea arabica: new F1 hybrids outperform American cultivars, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238122191032684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=320, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=46, authorNames=KOUTOULEAS A, BLUNT C, BREGAR A, HANSEN J K, RÆBILD A, ETIENNE H, GEORGET F, journalName=Scientia Horticulturae, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOUTOULEAS A, BLUNT C, BREGAR A, HANSEN J K, RÆBILD A, ETIENNE H, GEORGET F. Effects of interspecific grafting of Coffea arabica and elevation on coffee growth, yield, and quality attributes in Costa Rica[J]. Scientia Horticulturae 2023, 320: 1-16., articleTitle=Effects of interspecific grafting of Coffea arabica and elevation on coffee growth, yield, and quality attributes in Costa Rica, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238122262335853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=6, issue=6, pageStart=482, pageEnd=493, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=47, authorNames=KITILA O, ALAMEREW S, KUFA T, GAREDEW W, journalName=International Journal of Agricultural Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KITILA O, ALAMEREW S, KUFA T, GAREDEW W. Variability of quantitative traits in limmu coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Ethiopia[J]. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011, 6(6): 482-493., articleTitle=Variability of quantitative traits in limmu coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in Ethiopia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238122350416238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=97, issue=9, pageStart=2849, pageEnd=2857, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=48, authorNames=TOLESSA K, D’HEER J, DUCHATEAUB L, BOECKXC P, journalName=Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TOLESSA K, D’HEER J, DUCHATEAUB L, BOECKXC P. Influence of growing altitude, shade and harvest period on quality and biochemical composition of Ethiopian specialty coffee[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2016, 97(9): 2849-2857., articleTitle=Influence of growing altitude, shade and harvest period on quality and biochemical composition of Ethiopian specialty coffee, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238122442690927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, 65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=49, authorNames=李学俊, 黎丹妮, journalName=热带农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李学俊, 黎丹妮. 普洱市不同品种的小粒种咖啡品质评价研究[J]. 热带农业科学, 2014, 34(3): 45-48, 65., articleTitle=普洱市不同品种的小粒种咖啡品质评价研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276238122526577008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=34, issue=3, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, 65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=50, authorNames=LI X J, LI D N, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI X J, LI D N. Qualities of Arabica coffee from different germplasm resources in Puʼʼer city[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 2014, 34(3): 45-48, 65. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Qualities of Arabica coffee from different germplasm resources in Puʼʼer city, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276238115283013947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, awardId=202304BI090006, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省宁洱哈尼族彝族自治县咖啡产业科技特派团项目(202304BI090006), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276238115350122812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=思茅区农民院士科技服务站项目, fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276238115413037373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, awardId=202303AP140010, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省科技厅重点研发计划项目-云南省咖啡产业绿色发展国际联合研发中心(202303AP140010), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276238100309348597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238100317737206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, companyId=1276238100309348597, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238100330320119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, companyId=1276238100309348597, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276238100414206200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238100426789113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, companyId=1276238100414206200, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Necafe Coffee Center, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276238100443566330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, companyId=1276238100414206200, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.雀巢咖啡中心,云南普洱 665099)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276238113311691053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Number of fruits per primary branches node of 7 coffee varieties at different experimental points

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=aryDtcDD2vpfzsTHo+B+gQ==, figureFileBig=fBidQR/4nkdzYAfl0YfiFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238113370411310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=CN, label=图1, caption=7个咖啡新品种在不同试验点一级分枝单节果实数

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=aryDtcDD2vpfzsTHo+B+gQ==, figureFileBig=fBidQR/4nkdzYAfl0YfiFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238113810813231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Fresh cherry size of 7 coffee varieties at different experimental points

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different variety in the same site (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=Vrb1fF9cUG3mgJ0R32fHpQ==, figureFileBig=V71r+d5sQDRiHesGttSixw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238113886310704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=CN, label=图2, caption=7个咖啡新品种在不同试验点果实大小

不同小写字母表示相同试验点不同品种间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Vrb1fF9cUG3mgJ0R32fHpQ==, figureFileBig=V71r+d5sQDRiHesGttSixw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276238114112803121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Plant growth of 7 coffee varieties at different experimental points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character品种Variety孟连ML宁洱NE康平KP南岛河NDH
株高/cm10784.20±8.06b134.20±6.56d159.60±4.88ab130.40±4.47b
117110.60±2.56a116.40±2.54e160.60±4.27ab166.60±6.25a
118109.60±8.24a137.40±2.14cd175.00±4.01a161.60±2.16a
12087.20±8.52b138.60±4.11cd173.40±3.14a160.20±7.44a
121115.00±2.55a152.80±4.44abc159.60±8.05ab163.60±6.11a
10×2597.80±4.53ab140.80±4.04bcd166.60±3.79ab139.60±8.43b
12×25102.20±4.22ab155.40±3.85ab151.80±10.01b129.60±2.96b
T8667116.80±5.65a164.20±8.96a159.20±9.63ab170.80±5.12a
茎粗/mm10721.69±2.96c34.62±2.371b45.38±1.35a33.90±1.86a
11740.19±2.12a31.96±1.84b53.34±2.65a36.12±1.09a
11831.97±2.11b31.87±2.73b50.94±4.33a35.42±1.27a
12025.83±2.11bc34.78±1.22b52.88±1.25a33.88±1.85a
12132.85±2.28b37.34±1.92ab46.76±2.67a33.56±2.05a
10×2528.50±2.48bc37.96±2.21ab46.84±2.39a28.56±1.98a
12×2529.67±1.77b35.60±0.45ab35.02±4.60b34.02±0.90a
T866731.57±1.95b41.05±0.93a47.48±4.80a32.64±1.95a
冠幅/cm10774.80±8.31b147.20±8.75bc147.20±2.52ab141.10±7.60abcd
117125.80±7.77a128.10±7.57d138.80±2.78ab156.00±5.82ab
118131.80±7.31a149.90±5.13abc154.80±15.15a160.20±4.48ab
120106.50±13.51a159.40±5.26ab148.00±10.49ab161.10±7.74a
121128.80±2.90a165.30±3.54a156.80±4.26a147.20±9.15abc
10×25101.90±12.75ab159.80±3.98ab142.40±10.79ab137.20±9.59bcd
12×25111.10±10.46a165.20±1.59a123.20±11.20b127.80±4.75cd
T8667130.20±9.65a141.40±4.65cd145.60±9.33ab121.80±7.87d
), ArticleFig(id=1276238114200883506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

7个咖啡新品种在不同试验点植株生长量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character品种Variety孟连ML宁洱NE康平KP南岛河NDH
株高/cm10784.20±8.06b134.20±6.56d159.60±4.88ab130.40±4.47b
117110.60±2.56a116.40±2.54e160.60±4.27ab166.60±6.25a
118109.60±8.24a137.40±2.14cd175.00±4.01a161.60±2.16a
12087.20±8.52b138.60±4.11cd173.40±3.14a160.20±7.44a
121115.00±2.55a152.80±4.44abc159.60±8.05ab163.60±6.11a
10×2597.80±4.53ab140.80±4.04bcd166.60±3.79ab139.60±8.43b
12×25102.20±4.22ab155.40±3.85ab151.80±10.01b129.60±2.96b
T8667116.80±5.65a164.20±8.96a159.20±9.63ab170.80±5.12a
茎粗/mm10721.69±2.96c34.62±2.371b45.38±1.35a33.90±1.86a
11740.19±2.12a31.96±1.84b53.34±2.65a36.12±1.09a
11831.97±2.11b31.87±2.73b50.94±4.33a35.42±1.27a
12025.83±2.11bc34.78±1.22b52.88±1.25a33.88±1.85a
12132.85±2.28b37.34±1.92ab46.76±2.67a33.56±2.05a
10×2528.50±2.48bc37.96±2.21ab46.84±2.39a28.56±1.98a
12×2529.67±1.77b35.60±0.45ab35.02±4.60b34.02±0.90a
T866731.57±1.95b41.05±0.93a47.48±4.80a32.64±1.95a
冠幅/cm10774.80±8.31b147.20±8.75bc147.20±2.52ab141.10±7.60abcd
117125.80±7.77a128.10±7.57d138.80±2.78ab156.00±5.82ab
118131.80±7.31a149.90±5.13abc154.80±15.15a160.20±4.48ab
120106.50±13.51a159.40±5.26ab148.00±10.49ab161.10±7.74a
121128.80±2.90a165.30±3.54a156.80±4.26a147.20±9.15abc
10×25101.90±12.75ab159.80±3.98ab142.40±10.79ab137.20±9.59bcd
12×25111.10±10.46a165.20±1.59a123.20±11.20b127.80±4.75cd
T8667130.20±9.65a141.40±4.65cd145.60±9.33ab121.80±7.87d
), ArticleFig(id=1276238114565787955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Growth parameters coefficient variation of 7 coffee varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety株高Plant height茎粗Stem diameter冠幅Crown width
10724.1016.6527.21
11719.6822.9512.98
11818.7926.4614.48
12025.7629.4021.03
12115.5419.6512.02
10×2520.3524.2721.83
12×2518.5316.8920.12
T866717.5024.5814.27
), ArticleFig(id=1276238114641285428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

7个咖啡新品种植株生长量的变异系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety株高Plant height茎粗Stem diameter冠幅Crown width
10724.1016.6527.21
11719.6822.9512.98
11818.7926.4614.48
12025.7629.4021.03
12115.5419.6512.02
10×2520.3524.2721.83
12×2518.5316.8920.12
T866717.5024.5814.27
), ArticleFig(id=1276238114704199989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Primary branch growth of 7 coffee varieties at different experimental points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character品种Variety孟连ML宁洱NE康平KP南岛河NDH
一级分枝数/条10734.00±5.40c51.60±4.58bcd54.60±5.40a43.40±4.39ab
11753.80±3.89a48.20±3.12d45.80±1.20ab53.80±3.22a
11854.80±4.32a48.60±5.86cd53.20±4.37a47.40±0.51ab
12036.20±9.65bc47.20±1.98d49.00±3.51ab44.80±1.36ab
12153.20±2.69a57.40±2.11abc50.80±3.96a51.00±2.02ab
10×2549.00±5.22ab57.80±2.40ab48.60±4.12ab41.00±4.23b
12×2548.40±4.39ab55.40±1.66abcd37.20±5.05b40.80±0.80b
T866747.80±4.62ab62.20±3.26a45.00±2.58ab51.40±5.80ab
最长一级分枝长度/cm10743.40±5.21b82.20±4.25abc78.20±4.02a80.40±1.66ab
11770.60±3.17a74.60±3.71c79.00±3.16a83.20±2.82ab
11872.00±2.35a77.80±3.31bc84.80±9.31a85.80±2.35ab
12065.00±7.09a82.20±2.96abc79.80±3.67a86.20±4.02ab
12171.00±1.61a86.60±3.26ab79.00±3.63a88.80±7.95a
10×2565.20±6.15a89.00±2.97a71.60±3.60ab78.80±5.31ab
12×2566.40±4.52a86.00±3.16ab61.20±6.89b72.60±3.34b
T866769.80±3.35a77.80±2.47bc74.80±3.85ab72.60±3.42b
最长一级分枝粗度/mm1074.86±0.56b9.17±0.78a10.00±0.43abc7.54±0.57ab
1177.88±0.57a7.89±0.34a9.60±1.04abc7.62±0.15ab
1187.10±0.77a7.73±0.33a11.40±0.98a8.36±0.47a
1206.70±0.55a9.23±0.59a10.20±1.02ab7.80±0.51ab
1217.17±0.24a8.77±0.52a10.90±0.59a8.26±0.87ab
10×257.56±0.59a9.56±1.00a7.76±0.47bc7.34±0.58ab
12×256.44±0.68ab8.52±0.44a7.26±0.91bc7.30±0.08ab
T86676.72±0.32a8.51±0.41a9.78±1.22abc6.60±0.42b
最长一级分枝节间距/mm10729.17±1.19a30.12±1.90c28.91±1.17ab33.06±1.96a
11729.06±1.06a31.76±1.78bc26.74±0.37b36.57±1.54a
11830.31±2.10a39.98±2.04a30.48±2.50ab39.45±1.87a
12028.66±1.36a32.10±1.58bc27.54±1.00b35.67±0.73a
12127.71±1.11a33.83±1.26bc30.59±1.36ab40.70±2.93a
10×2532.18±2.12a32.48±1.56bc33.28±6.01ab35.14±1.05a
12×2531.36±1.38a33.72±1.35bc37.24±2.40a34.52±1.33a
T866732.10±0.93a36.84±2.73ab30.08±1.84ab40.02±5.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1276238114846806326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

7个咖啡新品种在不同试验点的一级分枝生长情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character品种Variety孟连ML宁洱NE康平KP南岛河NDH
一级分枝数/条10734.00±5.40c51.60±4.58bcd54.60±5.40a43.40±4.39ab
11753.80±3.89a48.20±3.12d45.80±1.20ab53.80±3.22a
11854.80±4.32a48.60±5.86cd53.20±4.37a47.40±0.51ab
12036.20±9.65bc47.20±1.98d49.00±3.51ab44.80±1.36ab
12153.20±2.69a57.40±2.11abc50.80±3.96a51.00±2.02ab
10×2549.00±5.22ab57.80±2.40ab48.60±4.12ab41.00±4.23b
12×2548.40±4.39ab55.40±1.66abcd37.20±5.05b40.80±0.80b
T866747.80±4.62ab62.20±3.26a45.00±2.58ab51.40±5.80ab
最长一级分枝长度/cm10743.40±5.21b82.20±4.25abc78.20±4.02a80.40±1.66ab
11770.60±3.17a74.60±3.71c79.00±3.16a83.20±2.82ab
11872.00±2.35a77.80±3.31bc84.80±9.31a85.80±2.35ab
12065.00±7.09a82.20±2.96abc79.80±3.67a86.20±4.02ab
12171.00±1.61a86.60±3.26ab79.00±3.63a88.80±7.95a
10×2565.20±6.15a89.00±2.97a71.60±3.60ab78.80±5.31ab
12×2566.40±4.52a86.00±3.16ab61.20±6.89b72.60±3.34b
T866769.80±3.35a77.80±2.47bc74.80±3.85ab72.60±3.42b
最长一级分枝粗度/mm1074.86±0.56b9.17±0.78a10.00±0.43abc7.54±0.57ab
1177.88±0.57a7.89±0.34a9.60±1.04abc7.62±0.15ab
1187.10±0.77a7.73±0.33a11.40±0.98a8.36±0.47a
1206.70±0.55a9.23±0.59a10.20±1.02ab7.80±0.51ab
1217.17±0.24a8.77±0.52a10.90±0.59a8.26±0.87ab
10×257.56±0.59a9.56±1.00a7.76±0.47bc7.34±0.58ab
12×256.44±0.68ab8.52±0.44a7.26±0.91bc7.30±0.08ab
T86676.72±0.32a8.51±0.41a9.78±1.22abc6.60±0.42b
最长一级分枝节间距/mm10729.17±1.19a30.12±1.90c28.91±1.17ab33.06±1.96a
11729.06±1.06a31.76±1.78bc26.74±0.37b36.57±1.54a
11830.31±2.10a39.98±2.04a30.48±2.50ab39.45±1.87a
12028.66±1.36a32.10±1.58bc27.54±1.00b35.67±0.73a
12127.71±1.11a33.83±1.26bc30.59±1.36ab40.70±2.93a
10×2532.18±2.12a32.48±1.56bc33.28±6.01ab35.14±1.05a
12×2531.36±1.38a33.72±1.35bc37.24±2.40a34.52±1.33a
T866732.10±0.93a36.84±2.73ab30.08±1.84ab40.02±5.01a
), ArticleFig(id=1276238114930692407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Yield of 7 coffee varieties at different experimental points

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验点Test site品种Variety2022/20232023/2024平均干豆产量Average dry cherries yield/(kg·hm–2)
每株鲜果产量Weight fresh cherries per plant/kg干豆产量Weight parchment bean/(kg·hm–2)每株鲜果产量Weight fresh cherries per plant/kg干豆产量Weight parchment bean/(kg·hm–2)
孟连1070.25±0.05c161.01±33.93c
1170.52±0.15bc342.28±96.46abc
1180.94±0.25a596.10±160.31a
1200.34±0.16c210.32±100.49c
1210.39±0.11bc248.55±71.25bc
10×250.29±0.03c166.70±17.70c
12×250.39±0.15bc258.91±100.356bc
T86670.82±0.04ab506.78±24.12ab
宁洱1070.68±0.06a415.49±35.63ab5.22±0.30a3633.42±208.96a2024.45±92.05a
1170.70±0.07a466.20±47.09a3.29±0.21bc2469.00±156.93ab1467.60±89.57ab
1180.54±0.06ab317.14±29.95bcd2.52±0.58cd1835.28±423.75bc1076.21±211.66bc
1200.60±0.05ab399.60±36.48abc4.86±0.60ab3657.85±452.88a2028.72±215.19a
1210.62±0.06a416.25±39.15ab4.50±0.78ab3289.46±568.13a1852.85±270.41a
10×250.60±0.04ab303.19±22.60cd5.19±0.86a3604.95±597.58a1954.07±294.94a
12×250.44±0.02b290.14±16.15d4.11±0.56abc3026.63±413.44ab1658.38±212.89ab
T86670.44±0.04b309.77±28.16cd1.05±0.41d761.88±294.82c535.83±151.41c
康平1072.14±0.05e1166.32±28.27e4.43±0.73b3399.06±555.10b2282.69±279.43b
1172.79±0.05d1669.79±30.33c6.58±0.44a4968.57±334.64a3319.18±155.78a
1183.64±0.07b2136.36±39.83b5.41±0.83ab4039.30±621.48ab3087.83±328.59a
1204.30±0.12a2617.73±71.28a5.11±0.36ab3893.89±276.17ab3255.81±167.41a
1213.27±0.16bc2004.13±95.43b3.73±0.21bc2884.97±161.99bc2444.55±82.07b
10×253.11±0.17cd1401.49±77.74d4.78±0.55b3283.31±374.60b2342.40±201.45b
12×251.61±0.20f802.79±101.81f2.56±0.54c1959.72±409.64c1381.26±160.15c
T86671.80±0.17ef797.61±75.94f2.43±0.33c1945.17±264.76c1371.39±160.88c
南岛河1070.43±0.06cd269.39±34.79cd2.59±0.49a1674.69±316.33a972.04±158.02ab
1171.58±0.09a1091.58±65.21a2.52±0.32a1691.09±211.22a1391.33±131.73a
1180.90±0.11b605.33±71.51b2.30±0.44ab1466.77±282.07ab1036.05±171.40ab
1200.85±0.08b534.82±47.80b1.77±0.53abc1107.12±330.74abc820.97±166.89bc
1210.92±0.08b617.56±54.96b1.93±0.44abc1408.79±321.60ab1013.18±160.13ab
10×250.44±0.04cd239.72±22.65cd1.82±0.67abc933.60±344.86abc586.66±177.30bcd
12×250.61±0.08c366.00±46.55c1.00±0.31bc626.61±191.15bc496.31±83.42cd
T86670.22±0.04d133.69±22.74d0.72±0.11c504.54±74.67c319.11±35.84d
), ArticleFig(id=1276238115006189880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

7个咖啡新品种在不同试验点的产量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验点Test site品种Variety2022/20232023/2024平均干豆产量Average dry cherries yield/(kg·hm–2)
每株鲜果产量Weight fresh cherries per plant/kg干豆产量Weight parchment bean/(kg·hm–2)每株鲜果产量Weight fresh cherries per plant/kg干豆产量Weight parchment bean/(kg·hm–2)
孟连1070.25±0.05c161.01±33.93c
1170.52±0.15bc342.28±96.46abc
1180.94±0.25a596.10±160.31a
1200.34±0.16c210.32±100.49c
1210.39±0.11bc248.55±71.25bc
10×250.29±0.03c166.70±17.70c
12×250.39±0.15bc258.91±100.356bc
T86670.82±0.04ab506.78±24.12ab
宁洱1070.68±0.06a415.49±35.63ab5.22±0.30a3633.42±208.96a2024.45±92.05a
1170.70±0.07a466.20±47.09a3.29±0.21bc2469.00±156.93ab1467.60±89.57ab
1180.54±0.06ab317.14±29.95bcd2.52±0.58cd1835.28±423.75bc1076.21±211.66bc
1200.60±0.05ab399.60±36.48abc4.86±0.60ab3657.85±452.88a2028.72±215.19a
1210.62±0.06a416.25±39.15ab4.50±0.78ab3289.46±568.13a1852.85±270.41a
10×250.60±0.04ab303.19±22.60cd5.19±0.86a3604.95±597.58a1954.07±294.94a
12×250.44±0.02b290.14±16.15d4.11±0.56abc3026.63±413.44ab1658.38±212.89ab
T86670.44±0.04b309.77±28.16cd1.05±0.41d761.88±294.82c535.83±151.41c
康平1072.14±0.05e1166.32±28.27e4.43±0.73b3399.06±555.10b2282.69±279.43b
1172.79±0.05d1669.79±30.33c6.58±0.44a4968.57±334.64a3319.18±155.78a
1183.64±0.07b2136.36±39.83b5.41±0.83ab4039.30±621.48ab3087.83±328.59a
1204.30±0.12a2617.73±71.28a5.11±0.36ab3893.89±276.17ab3255.81±167.41a
1213.27±0.16bc2004.13±95.43b3.73±0.21bc2884.97±161.99bc2444.55±82.07b
10×253.11±0.17cd1401.49±77.74d4.78±0.55b3283.31±374.60b2342.40±201.45b
12×251.61±0.20f802.79±101.81f2.56±0.54c1959.72±409.64c1381.26±160.15c
T86671.80±0.17ef797.61±75.94f2.43±0.33c1945.17±264.76c1371.39±160.88c
南岛河1070.43±0.06cd269.39±34.79cd2.59±0.49a1674.69±316.33a972.04±158.02ab
1171.58±0.09a1091.58±65.21a2.52±0.32a1691.09±211.22a1391.33±131.73a
1180.90±0.11b605.33±71.51b2.30±0.44ab1466.77±282.07ab1036.05±171.40ab
1200.85±0.08b534.82±47.80b1.77±0.53abc1107.12±330.74abc820.97±166.89bc
1210.92±0.08b617.56±54.96b1.93±0.44abc1408.79±321.60ab1013.18±160.13ab
10×250.44±0.04cd239.72±22.65cd1.82±0.67abc933.60±344.86abc586.66±177.30bcd
12×250.61±0.08c366.00±46.55c1.00±0.31bc626.61±191.15bc496.31±83.42cd
T86670.22±0.04d133.69±22.74d0.72±0.11c504.54±74.67c319.11±35.84d
), ArticleFig(id=1276238115111047481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Fruit and bean characters of 7 coffee varieties at different experimental sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character品种Variety孟连ML宁洱NE康平KP南岛河NDH
鲜干比1075.16±0.15a4.78±0.13a4.34±0.18b5.14±0.39b
1175.04±0.20a4.44±0.06a4.41±0.06b4.97±0.26b
1185.27±0.18a4.58±0.19a4.46±0.17b5.22±0.15b
1205.36±0.51a4.42±0.07a4.37±0.07b5.32±0.05b
1215.26±0.37a4.56±0.06a4.31±0.20b4.57±0.27b
10×255.71±0.27a4.79±0.42a4.85±0.04a6.48±0.18a
12×255.06±0.22a4.52±0.13a4.35±0.12b5.33±0.354b
T86675.36±030a4.61±0.14a4.16±0.54b4.77±0.04b
百粒带壳豆重/g10715.57±0.52a18.33±0.43a17.23±0.22c19.23±0.78ab
11716.40±0.55a19.63±0.58a18.23±0.27abc18.50±1.21ab
11815.20±0.15a19.93±1.24a17.53±0.47bc19.20±1.54ab
12015.63±0.41a19.33±0.44a16.60±0.72c19.83±0.77a
12116.67±0.50a18.77±0.78a17.27±0.22c20.67±0.62a
10×2514.97±0.59a18.40±0.49a17.47±0.38bc15.67±0.62b
12×2514.93±0.90a19.27±0.39a19.17±1.01ab17.93±1.84ab
T866715.53±1.03a20.17±0.52a19.57±0.44a18.80±0.62ab
出米率/%10780.02±0.02a86.18±0.01a81.25±0.01ab77.06±0.04bc
11781.06±0.01a83.17±0.01abc77.33±0.01b79.72±0.12abc
11880.86±0.02a84.82±0.03ab79.33±0.01ab85.26±0.02a
12081.25±0.01a79.96±0.01c79.29±0.02ab78.71±0.01abc
12181.48±0.01a80.15±0.02bc81.81±0.02ab81.56±0.02abc
10×2581.18±0.01a81.20±0.01bc80.61±0.02ab83.99±0.03abc
12×2580.24±0.01a83.19±0.01abc80.91±0.01ab76.46±0.02c
T866782.63±0.02a84.01±0.01abc82.99±0.01a84.51±0.02ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276238115182350650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276238095762723051, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

7个咖啡新品种在不同试验点的果实性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Character品种Variety孟连ML宁洱NE康平KP南岛河NDH
鲜干比1075.16±0.15a4.78±0.13a4.34±0.18b5.14±0.39b
1175.04±0.20a4.44±0.06a4.41±0.06b4.97±0.26b
1185.27±0.18a4.58±0.19a4.46±0.17b5.22±0.15b
1205.36±0.51a4.42±0.07a4.37±0.07b5.32±0.05b
1215.26±0.37a4.56±0.06a4.31±0.20b4.57±0.27b
10×255.71±0.27a4.79±0.42a4.85±0.04a6.48±0.18a
12×255.06±0.22a4.52±0.13a4.35±0.12b5.33±0.354b
T86675.36±030a4.61±0.14a4.16±0.54b4.77±0.04b
百粒带壳豆重/g10715.57±0.52a18.33±0.43a17.23±0.22c19.23±0.78ab
11716.40±0.55a19.63±0.58a18.23±0.27abc18.50±1.21ab
11815.20±0.15a19.93±1.24a17.53±0.47bc19.20±1.54ab
12015.63±0.41a19.33±0.44a16.60±0.72c19.83±0.77a
12116.67±0.50a18.77±0.78a17.27±0.22c20.67±0.62a
10×2514.97±0.59a18.40±0.49a17.47±0.38bc15.67±0.62b
12×2514.93±0.90a19.27±0.39a19.17±1.01ab17.93±1.84ab
T866715.53±1.03a20.17±0.52a19.57±0.44a18.80±0.62ab
出米率/%10780.02±0.02a86.18±0.01a81.25±0.01ab77.06±0.04bc
11781.06±0.01a83.17±0.01abc77.33±0.01b79.72±0.12abc
11880.86±0.02a84.82±0.03ab79.33±0.01ab85.26±0.02a
12081.25±0.01a79.96±0.01c79.29±0.02ab78.71±0.01abc
12181.48±0.01a80.15±0.02bc81.81±0.02ab81.56±0.02abc
10×2581.18±0.01a81.20±0.01bc80.61±0.02ab83.99±0.03abc
12×2580.24±0.01a83.19±0.01abc80.91±0.01ab76.46±0.02c
T866782.63±0.02a84.01±0.01abc82.99±0.01a84.51±0.02ab
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7个小粒种咖啡新品种在云南普洱不同地区农艺和产量性状研究
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杨婧 1 , 李学俊 1, * , 董云萍 1 , 吕振江 1 , 王培斌 1 , 何安乐 1 , 侯家志 2 , 罗正阳 2
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(2): 310-321
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2025 , 46 (2) : 310 -321
7个小粒种咖啡新品种在云南普洱不同地区农艺和产量性状研究
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杨婧1, 李学俊1, * , 董云萍1, 吕振江1, 王培斌1, 何安乐1, 侯家志2, 罗正阳2
作者信息
  • 1.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
  • 2.雀巢咖啡中心,云南普洱 665099
通讯作者:
* 李学俊(LI Xuejun),E-mail:
Agronomic and Yield Traits of 7 Arabica Coffee Hybrids F1 in Different Regions of Pu’er, Yunnan, China
Jing YANG1, Xuejun LI1, * , Yunping DONG1, Zhenjiang LYU1, Peibin WANG1, Anle HE1, Jiazhi HOU2, Zhengyang LUO2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China
  • 2.Necafe Coffee Center, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.007
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为选育出高产、品质优良的小粒种咖啡新品种,提高云南咖啡的产量和品质,本研究从法国雀巢研发中心引进小粒种咖啡新品种杂交种F1,在普洱不同地区开展了植株生长量、结果特性、产量以及咖啡豆物理性状的研究。新品种分别为107、117、118、120、121、10×25、12×25,对照品种为生产主栽品种T8667,共8个参试品种进行对比分析。试验地点设于普洱市思茅区、宁洱县、孟连县、江城县4个咖啡种植区。结果表明:各品种3年生株高为84.20~175.00 cm,茎粗为21.69~53.34 mm,冠幅为74.80~165.30 cm,各品种植株矮生,117的茎粗和冠幅、118、121的冠幅优于对照;3年生一级分枝数量为34.00~62.20条,长度为43.40~89.00 cm,粗度为4.86~11.40 mm,综合来看,117、118、121的一级分枝数量多,粗壮且长度长,是性状表现优良的品种。10×25一级分枝长度超过对照,107、120品种一级分枝粗壮且长,是在今后育种中可以利用的优良性状;CCCA 12×25和T8667的单节果实数较少,其余品种均超过15粒;107、117、118、120、121、10×25单株鲜果产量和每公顷干豆产量最高为4.50~6.58 kg、3289.46~4968.57 kg,品种117、118、120盛产期2年平均每公顷干豆产量大于3000 kg,产量处于较高水平,显示出杂交种高产的优势;鲜干比为(4.31~6.48)∶1,百粒带壳豆重为14.93~20.67 g,10×25鲜干比最高,12×25百粒带壳豆重最小,其余各品种果实饱满,粒度中等。本研究筛选出植株矮生、茎粗壮、冠幅宽,一级分枝数量多、粗壮且长、产量高、果实饱满,粒度中等,性状优于生产主栽品种T8667的优良品种117、118、120、121、10×25,为生产上推广丰产优质咖啡新品种提供科学依据。

小粒种咖啡  /  营养生长  /  产量  /  咖啡豆品质

The study was aimed to breed new coffee varieties with good characteristics for improving the yield and quality of Yunnan coffee production. Arabica coffee hybrid F1 was introduced from Nestle R&D Center in France to Pu’er to study plant growth, fruiting characteristics, yield and bean physical properties. The varieties are 107, 117, 118,120, 121, 10×25 and 12×25, and the control is T8667, a widely planted cultivar. The test sites were Simao, Ning’er, Menglian and Jiangcheng. The results indicated that the plant height, stem diameter and crown width of the 3-year-old plant for the varieties was 84.20-175.00 cm, 21.69-53.34 mm, and 74.80-165.30 cm, respectively. All test varieties were dwarf plant. GPFA117 showed thicker stems and wider crown, 118 and 121 had better crown width than the control. The number of primary branches was 34.00~62.20. The longest primary branch length and diameter range was 43.40-89.00 cm, 4.86-11.40 mm respectively. The varieties with excellent performance were those with more number of primary branches, strong and long branches. 117, 118 and 121. 10×25 showed longer primary branches than the control, and the primary branch of 107, 120 varieties was thicker and longer, which can also be used as a good trait in future breeding. The least number fruits per node were 12×25 and T8667, and other varieties had more than 15 fruits per node. The variety 107, 117, 118, 120, 121 and 10×25 had the highest fresh fruit yield per plant and dry bean yield per hectare, up to 4.50–6.58 kg and 3289.46–4968.57 kg. Varieties 117, 118 and 120 had an average dry bean yield of over 3000 kg/hm2 during the two-year peak production period, indicating a relatively high level of yield. It showed the advantage of high yield of hybrid varieties respectively. The fresh-dry ratio was (4.31-6.48)∶1, the highest was 10×25. The weight of 100 parchment beans was 14.93-20.67 g, and that of 12×25 was the smallest one. Others showed completely filled fruit and medium bean granularity. Varieties 117, 118, 120, 121 and 10×25 had some excellent traits such as plants shorter, thicker stems, wider crown, more thicker and longer primary branches, high yield, plump fruits, medium grain size over T8667. The varieties would provide scientific basis for promoting high-yield and high-quality coffee varieties in production.

Coffea arabica L.  /  vegetative growth  /  yield  /  bean quality
杨婧, 李学俊, 董云萍, 吕振江, 王培斌, 何安乐, 侯家志, 罗正阳. 7个小粒种咖啡新品种在云南普洱不同地区农艺和产量性状研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (2) : 310 -321 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.007
Jing YANG, Xuejun LI, Yunping DONG, Zhenjiang LYU, Peibin WANG, Anle HE, Jiazhi HOU, Zhengyang LUO. Agronomic and Yield Traits of 7 Arabica Coffee Hybrids F1 in Different Regions of Pu’er, Yunnan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (2) : 310 -321 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.007
根据云南省咖啡产业工作组、云南省咖啡产业专家组发布的《云南省咖啡产业发展报告(2023年度)》,2023年云南省咖啡种植面积、产量分别为7.64万hm2、14.6万t,农业总产值54.3亿元。咖啡产业已成为云南高原特色农业的重要产业之一,对边境少数民族脱贫增收、边境稳定和经济社会发展具有重要作用。
我国小粒种咖啡栽培品种主要是卡蒂姆系列品种,有Catimor 7963、P4、T5175、T8667、PT、德热3号等,品种极为单一,遗传基础狭窄,目前已经在云南省多个咖啡种植区出现不同程度的锈病[1-3]。咖啡产业存在锈病流行、产量损失、品质下降等较大的风险。气候变化、病虫害频发、市场竞争加剧等问题更是对产业发展构成了严峻考验。改良云南现有咖啡品种,是提高云南咖啡的精品率、实现产业提质增效的重要基础工作。
所有的阿拉比卡咖啡起源于铁比卡和波邦,1970年以前,国际上通过自然突变、种内杂交选育出Caturra、Villa Sarchi.、黄色波邦、象豆等[4],这些品种具有优秀的杯品质量,但不抗咖啡叶锈病。随着产业发展的需要和育种手段的不断进步,选育种的主要目标是高产、抗叶锈病且具有良好的杯品质量,育种策略是使用种间杂交技术(introgressed),利用高抗病害的品种,与矮生、高风味传统品种进行杂交,经过20 a或8个世代的系谱选择,育出抗锈病品种。如1960年,葡萄牙咖啡锈病研究中心(CIFC)选育出卡蒂姆(Catimor)品种,1970年选育出萨奇姆(Sarchimor)品种。巴西坎皮纳斯研究所(Instituto Agronómico de Campinas,IAC)选育出Icatu种群(C. canephora×C. arabica)杯品品质与传统的小粒种相似[5]
传统选育种周期长,自交不亲和、豆缺陷、不良风味等性状往往与抗叶锈病基因存在联锁效应,导致种间杂交小粒种风味品质下降。从2015年起,由世界咖啡研究中心(WCR)联合法国农业研究发展中心(CIRAD)、巴西坎皮纳斯农业研究所(IAC)、哥斯达黎加热带农业研究与高等教育中心(CATIE)开展了最新育种计划,将抗锈病栽培品种与埃塞俄比亚自然变种(地方品种或传家宝品种)进行杂交,F1杂交品种经过产量、杯测、抗叶锈病等评估后,投入商业种植,如H1/Centroamericano、H10/Milenio、H16/Mundo Maya、Starmaya、Casiopea等。杂交F1携带了父母本基因,在生长、抗病虫害、环境适应性方面更具有优势,对这些杂交种进行农艺、抗病虫害、产量、品质性状表现鉴定评价,有利于分子标记开发有用的多态性,进行基因组学分析,确定与农艺性状相关的关键基因,使得选育种计划目标更准确,对开发具有特定性状的转基因品种至关重要[6],并且可以缩短选育种周期。
云南农业大学热带作物学院联合雀巢咖啡,从法国雀巢研发中心引进7个小粒种咖啡杂交种F1组培苗,李学俊等[7]研究表明,这些杂交种F1归属于小粒种咖啡波邦型品种类群。于2019年在云南省普洱市的4个咖啡种植区布置了区域试验,进行生长量、开花结果特性、产量表现和咖啡豆品质的观测研究,为筛选出适应普洱地区气候、土壤条件,且具有高产、优质、抗逆性强的咖啡新品种推广生产种植提供科学依据,并为下一步开展咖啡选育种研究奠定基础。
7个小粒种咖啡新品种F1分别为107、117、118、120、121、10×25、12×25,为法国雀巢研发中心培育的小粒种基因库咖啡组培苗,2012年定植于西双版纳雀巢咖啡试验及示范农场,采集杂交种F1优良母树芽条进行嫁接扩繁,嫁接苗生长1 a,定植到试验点,对照为生产推广品种T8667。
试验点分别位于思茅区南岛河试验示范场(100°59′48″E,22°37′37″N),简称NDH,海拔1020 m,年降雨量1500 mm,年平均气温18.2 ℃;宁洱县普义乡志帆咖啡场(101°25′23″E,22°59′56″N),简称NE,海拔1090 m,年降水量1400 mm,年平均气温18.2 ℃;孟连县勐马镇桥安咖啡场(99°25′60″E,22°13′38″N),简称ML,海拔1163 m,年降水量1400 mm,年平均气温19.6 ℃;江城县康平镇云南农业大学康平基地(101°28′27″E,22°33′56″N),简称KP,高海拔980 m,年降雨量2200 mm,年平均气温18.7 ℃。4个试验点属南亚热带季风气候区,土壤为砖红壤。
每个试验点种植株行距为2 m×1.5 m,每个品种10株,小区面积30 m2,每个试验点面积240 m2。选择各品种长势一致的1年生嫁接苗,康平试验点于2019年6月定植,其余试验点于2020年6月定植。各试验点管理水平一致,每年施肥3次。
7个咖啡新品种在4个试验点的3年生植株生长量。株高,用钢卷尺测量从地面到植株顶端的距离;茎粗,用游标卡尺测量植株茎干离地10 cm处直径;冠幅,测量植株东西、南北2个方位最宽处距离,取2个方位的平均值;一级分枝对数,记录植株主干上所有一级分枝对数;最长一级分枝长度,用钢卷尺测量最长的一级分枝从分枝基部到顶端的距离;最长一级分枝粗度,测量最长一级分枝距离分枝基部5 cm处直径;最长一级分枝节数,记录最长一级分枝的节数。
观测7个咖啡新品种在4个试验点的结果特性。单节果实粒数,于2023年10月,在第一批果实成熟前,每个品种选取长势一致的植株3株,每株植株中部,按东、西、南、北4个方位各选一条结果枝中部3节,统计每一节上的果实数;单株鲜果产量,在2022/2023、2023/2024 2个结果年度,每个品种固定5棵植株,在果实成熟期10月至次年3月,分批采摘每棵植株上的所有成熟果实,并称量收获的鲜果质量,采收结束,统计单株鲜果实质量。统计每公顷干豆产量,计算每公顷干豆产量(kg/hm2)。
观测7个咖啡新品种在4个试验点的果实及咖啡豆物理性状。果实大小,每个品种对成熟期收获的一批咖啡鲜果,用游标卡尺测量单个鲜果的纵径、横径、侧径,每个品种测量50粒鲜果;鲜干比,每个品种分别在11月、12月、1月各收获一批鲜果,随机称量500 g鲜果,采用湿法加工,脱去果皮、果胶,置于烘箱40 ℃烘干至恒重,称量干豆的质量,计算鲜干比;百粒重,取100粒咖啡带壳豆,称量质量,脱去种壳后再次称量咖啡米质量,计算出米率。鲜干比=鲜果质量/带壳豆质量;出米率=(咖啡米质量/带壳豆质量)×100%;每公顷干豆产量=(单株鲜果产量/鲜干比)×222×15。
使用Excel 2021软件进行数据整理和作图,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行单因素方差分析,应用Duncan多重比较进行显著性分析。
表1可知,在不同试验点各品种3年生株高、冠幅生长量品种间差异显著,茎粗生长量在康平试验点差异小,在南岛河试验点差异不显著。植株生长量孟连试验点较差,其余试验点长势较好。各品种株高生长量为84.20~175.00 cm,均小于或与对照差异不显著,但康平试验点118、120表现出最高的株高生长量;各品种茎粗生长量为21.69~53.34 mm,孟连试验点117显著高于对照,茎粗显著小于对照的有孟连试验点107、宁洱试验点(107、117、118、120)、康平试验点12×25,其余各试验点各品种茎粗生长量与对照差异不显著,品种117除宁洱试验点外,在其余3个试验点均表现出最高的茎粗生长量。各品种冠幅生长量为74.80~165.30 cm,冠幅生长量显著小于对照的有孟连试验点的107,冠幅生长量显著高于对照的为宁洱试验点的120、121、10×25、12×25和南岛河试验点的117、118、120、121。
表2可知,7个咖啡新品种株高生长量变异系数为15.54%~25.76%,株高生长变异较大的品种有120、107、10×25;茎粗生长量变异系数在16.65%~29.40%之间,茎粗生长变异较大的品种有120、118、T8667、10×25;冠幅生长量变异系数为12.02%~27.21%,冠幅生长变异较大的品种有107、10×25、120、12×25。由此可见,品种120、107、12×25、10×25性状不稳定,在不同的种植条件下生长量性状变异大。
表3可知,在不同试验点各品种3年生一级分枝数量、一级分枝长度和节间距在宁洱试验点品种间差异显著,在其他试验点差异小。一级分枝粗度在康平试验点品种间差异显著。各品种一级分枝数量为34.00~62.20条,孟连试验点107,宁洱试验点107、117、118、120,显著小于对照,其余与对照差异不显著。孟连试验点117、118、121,宁洱试验点107、121、10×25、12×25、T8667,康平试验点107、118、121,南岛河117一级分枝数量超过50条,显示出较高的生长量。各品种一级分枝长度为43.40~89.00 cm,显著小于对照的有孟连试验点的107,显著大于对照的有宁洱试验点的10×25,南岛河试验点的121,其余与对照差异不显著;品种107、118、120、121至少在2个试验点一级分枝长度显著大于80 cm,表现出较高的一级分枝长度生长量。各品种一级分枝粗度为4.86~11.40 mm,显著小于对照的仅有孟连试验点的107,显著高于对照的有南岛河试验点的118,其余与对照差异不显著,品种107、118、120、121、T8667至少在2个试验点一级分枝粗度大于8.0 mm,一级分枝较粗壮。各品种一级分枝节间距为27.54~40.70 mm,宁洱试验点107显著低于对照,其余与对照差异不显著,一级分枝节间距除T8667和118较长外,其余品种都较短。
图1可见,在不同试验点一级分枝单节果实数品种间差异显著。在孟连试验点118单节果实数为15.67粒,显著高于其余品种;宁洱、康平、南岛河3个试验点的12×25和T8667单节果实数显著低于其余品种。其中宁洱试验点10×25、120、121、117、107,康平试验点121,南岛河试验点121、107、118、10×25单节果实数超过20粒,表现出较高的产量潜力。
表4可见,7个咖啡新品种在不同试验点的单株鲜果产量和每公顷干豆产量品种间差异显著。孟连试验点由于2022/2023年度结果量较少,因此未进行测产。宁洱和南岛河试验点2022/2023年度为初产期,因此产量低于康平试验点。2022/2023年度单株鲜果产量和每公顷干豆产量,除宁洱和康平试验点12×25品种低于或与对照T8667差异不显著外,其余品种均显著高于对照。2023/2024年度单株鲜果产量和每公顷干豆产量,孟连试验点107、120、10×25显著低于对照,其余品种与对照差异不显著。在宁洱试验点除118与对照差异不显著外,其余品种均显著高于对照。康平试验点121、12×25,与对照差异不显著,其余品种均显著高于对照。在南岛河试验点,单株鲜果产量107、117、118,每公顷干豆产量107、117、118、121显著高于对照,其余品种与对照差异不显著。2023/2024年度所有试验点均已进入盛产期,孟连试验点由于前期管理差,各品种长势差,未体现出品种的实际产量水平。综合宁洱、康平、南岛河3个试验点各品种产量,107、117、118、120、121、10×25单株鲜果产量和每公顷干豆产量最高为4.50~6.58 kg、3289.46~4968.57 kg,产量水平较高;宁洱、康平、南岛河3个试验点2年平均每公顷干豆产量为319.11~3319.18 kg,所有品种均高于对照,除宁洱试验点118,康平试验点12×25,南岛河试验点除10×25、12×25,与对照差异不显著,其余各试验点各品种每公顷干豆产量均显著高于对照,其中康平基地117、118、120每公顷干豆产量大于3000 kg。
图2可见,7个咖啡新品种在不同试验点的果实纵径、横径和侧径品种间差异显著。果实纵径在所有试验点10×25、12×25均显著小于对照T8667,孟连试验点117、118以及康平试验点118、120显著小于对照;孟连试验点121和宁洱试验点107、121的纵径分别为15.30、15.53、15.68 mm,显著大于对照;除此之外,各品种果实纵径为14.09~16.65 mm与对照差异不显著。果实横径孟连试验点117、118、10×25、12×25显著小于对照。南岛河试验点除10×25小于对照,其余品种与对照差异不显著。果实侧径在孟连试验点107、121,宁洱试验点10×25、121、107,康平试验点10×25、121、107,南岛河试验点12×25、118、117、107、120与对照差异不显著,除此之外,其他品种果实侧径均显著小于对照。
表5可见,在不同试验点,品种间鲜干比仅在康平试验点和南岛河试验点10×25显著高于其余品种,除此之外,品种间差异均不显著;各品种百粒带壳豆重为14.93~20.67 g,孟连试验点最轻,其次为康平试验点,宁洱和南岛河试验点最重。康平试验点10×25、121、120、118、107百粒带壳豆重显著小于对照,除此之外,各品种与对照差异不显著;各品种出米率为76.46%~86.18%,除康平试验点117、南岛河试验点12×25显著小于对照外,其余品种与对照差异不显著。
研究表明,咖啡株高、茎粗、分枝对数、冠幅、最长一级分枝长和最长一级分枝节数与单株产量间存在极显著的正相关关系,在品种选育过程中是主要的观测对象[8-10]。本研究选取的对照品种T8667是HdT和Caturra的杂交后代,其农艺性状与植株矮生、节间密集的Caturra非常相似[11-12]。参试的7个咖啡品种株高均比对照矮或与对照相当,属于植株矮生品种。7个咖啡新品种,除了120、107、12×25、10×25植株生长量在不同的试验点性状变异大外,其余品种主干粗壮、冠幅宽,特别是117品种在茎粗和冠幅优于对照,118、121在冠幅生长量方面优于对照T8667。
一级分枝在咖啡主干上成对着生,是主要结果枝,分枝对数与单株产量呈显著正相关[13]。一级分枝的数量越多、长度越长、粗度越粗、节间距越短,说明咖啡植株具有更多的结果节数,和更高的产量潜力[14]。本研究各品种一级分枝条数低于对照,117、118、121一级分枝条数超过50条,与相关研究报道[15-18]相比处于中间水平,一级分枝长度宁洱试验点10×25和南岛河试验点121显著大于对照,品种107、118、120、121至少在2个试验点一级分枝长度大于80 cm,且比对照长,与相关研究报道[15-18]相比性状优良。107、118、120、121为一级分枝较粗度的品种,其中118显著大于对照。各品种一级分枝节间距为27.54~40.70 mm,比对照短,与相关研究报道[15-18]相比处于中间水平。综合来看,117、118、121一级分枝数量多,粗壮且长度长,是性状表现优良的品种。此外10×25一级分枝长度大于对照,120、107品种一级分枝粗壮且长,是在今后育种中可以利用的优良性状。
研究表明,果丛数、平均果丛浆果数均与产量呈极显著相关[19-20]。观测单株果实数的时期选择在果实发育的第8个月至第9个月[21],此期果实体积稳定,青熟果质量占成熟果质量的79%左右[22],果实发育后期主要是胚乳干物质的累积,一般果实不会脱落。通过测定品种的单节果实数和单株总果节数预测单株产量,可解决咖啡由于多次开花,果实多次成熟,单株测产耗时较多的问题。本研究中12×25和T8667单节果实数显著低于其余品种,进行单株产量实测,这2个品种在各试验点单株产量均低于其余品种。107、117、118、120、121、10×25均具有单节果实数多的优良性状。
2023/2024年咖啡盛产期,宁洱、康平、南岛河3个试验点各品种长势较好,体现出品种的实际产量水平。107、117、118、120、121、10×25单株鲜果产量和每公顷干豆产量最高为4.50~6.58 kg、3289.46~4968.57 kg,与相关报道[23-28]相比,产量处于较高水平。显示出杂交F1长势强壮、高产的杂交优势,与MARIE等[29]杂交种F1比传统纯系小粒种具有产量优势的研究结果相同。由于宁洱和南岛河试验点2022/2023为初产期,产量较低,因此这2个试验点2年平均产量还处于中等偏低水平。本研究康平试验点测定的是各品种结果第2、第3年的产量,品种117、118、120盛产期2年平均每公顷干豆产量大于3000 kg,达到较高产量水平。下一步将对宁洱、南岛河试验点进行结果第3年产量和康平试验点结果第4年产量测定,以全面观测品种在不同结果周期的产量变化规律。
鲜干比是反映果实质量的重要农艺性状,鲜干比小,说明果实饱满、空瘪率少,本研究中除了10×25鲜干比稍大,其余品种鲜干比小,品种间差异不大,说明果实都较为饱满。在国际咖啡市场上,咖啡豆的质量基本上取决于烘焙之前生咖啡豆的大小和缺陷的数量[29],而基因型是咖啡豆的形状、大小的主要驱动因素[30]。百粒重是反映咖啡豆大小的最直接的指标。本研究各品种咖啡豆百粒重按出米率折算为生咖啡百粒重后为11.94~16.95 g,与研究报道[31-32]相比处于中等范围。李学俊等[33]研究表明,T8667咖啡带壳豆百粒重为230 g,是目前云南咖啡主栽品种中豆粒较大的品种。各参试品种咖啡豆百粒重除康平试验点部分品种小于对照外,其他均与对照差异不显著,说明这些参试品种咖啡豆粒度性状优良,与生产上优良的主推品种相当。
通过对7个小粒种咖啡新品种在不同试验点营养生长、结果特性、果实和咖啡豆品质等农艺性状及产量性状的分析,表明7个小粒种咖啡3年生株高为84.20~175.00 cm,均小于对照或与对照差异不显著,表现为植株矮生,117、118、121茎粗为46.76~53.34 mm,冠幅为156.00~165.30 cm,一级分枝数量为53.8~57.40条,一级分枝粗度为9.6~11.40 mm,一级分枝长度为83.2~88.8 cm,表现为茎粗壮、冠幅宽、分枝数量多,粗壮且长度长,生长优于对照T8667。10×25、107、120品种一级分枝长度为82.2~89.0 cm,是育种中可利用的优良性状;107、117、118、120、121、10×25单节果实数超过15粒,单节果实数多,单株鲜果产量和每公顷干豆产量处于较高水平,显示出F1杂交种高产的杂交优势。除12×25品种外,其余参试品种果实饱满、出米率高,咖啡豆粒度中等。但120、107、12×25、10×25植株生长量在不同的试验点变异大,性状不稳定。品种的产量性状仅做了2 a的观测,还不能了解全周期产量变化规律。下一步有待继续进行产量、果实、咖啡豆品质等性状以及杯品质量、抗叶锈病性状的测定,为生产上推广丰产、稳产、品质及抗性优良的新品种提供更全面的科学依据。
  • 云南省宁洱哈尼族彝族自治县咖啡产业科技特派团项目(202304BI090006)
  • 思茅区农民院士科技服务站项目
  • 云南省科技厅重点研发计划项目-云南省咖啡产业绿色发展国际联合研发中心(202303AP140010)
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2025年第46卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.02.007
  • 接收时间:2024-08-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-16
  • 修回日期:2024-09-24
基金
云南省宁洱哈尼族彝族自治县咖啡产业科技特派团项目(202304BI090006)
思茅区农民院士科技服务站项目
云南省科技厅重点研发计划项目-云南省咖啡产业绿色发展国际联合研发中心(202303AP140010)
作者信息
    1.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
    2.雀巢咖啡中心,云南普洱 665099

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* 李学俊(LI Xuejun),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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