Article(id=1276222226051502792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1661097600000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-22, revisedDate=1666886400000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782204689752, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782204689752, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782204689752, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782204689752, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276222165401866613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='442', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1708790400000', pubDateStr='2024-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782204675293, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782206804468, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276231096228516439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276231096228516440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276222165401866613, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=288, endPage=295, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276222226298966730, articleId=1276222226051502792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Evaluation of Heat Tolerance of Bitter Gourd Germplasm Resources and Screening of Identification Indexes, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the seedlings of 27 inbred lines of bitter gourd with four leaves and one heart were used as materials. After pre-cultivated one day, the seedlings were subjected to 39 ℃ temperature stress. And the 27 germplasm resources were divided into three types: high heat resistance, medium heat resistance and heat sensitivity screened by the heat damage index (TDG) after 72 hours of high temperature stress. Among them, six inbred lines with different heat tolerance were selected to measure 12 morphological and physiological indexes subjected to 39 ℃ stress for 0 h and 48 h, respectively, including plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), plant fresh matter (SFW) and dry matter (SDW) and leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), electrical conductivity (REL), peroxidase activity (POD), catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde content (MDA)), proline content (Pro) and soluble sugar content (SS). The comprehensive evaluation values were obtained by the principal component analysis of heat resistance coefficients (α) of 12 morphological and physiological indexes to evaluate heat resistance of the seedlings. The mathematical model of heat resistanc evaluation was established by the stepwise regression analysis to obtain the heat resistance evaluation index system of bitter gourd. According to TDG, among the 27 bitter gourd inbred lines, three were heat-resistant, 18 were medium-heat-resistant and six were heat-sensitive. A mathematical evaluation model of heat tolerance of bitter gourd was established using the stepwise regression equation, which is Y=–0.426+0.049X1–0.011X2–0.009X3–0.018X4. The established optimal regression equation was used to predict the heat resistance of the tested materials, and the predictive values were basically consistent with the comprehensive heat tolerance value. Therefore, the heat resistance coefficients of SFW (X1), POD activity (X2), CAT activity (X3) and SS content (X4) could rapidly and accurately estimate bitter gourd heat resistance and were suggested to be used as evaluation indexes for heat resistance of bitter gourd. In order to provide a basis for the breeding of new heat-resistant bitter gourd varieties in Hainan in summer season, the heat-resistant bitter gourd germplams were screened and a heat-resistant evaluation system was constructed.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chunmei LIN, Daolong LIAO, Zifan LIU, Houlong FU, Yisong CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Daolong LIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276222227674698458, articleId=1276222226051502792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=苦瓜种质资源耐热性评价及其鉴定指标的筛选, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本文以27个苦瓜自交系4叶1心的幼苗为材料,预培养1 d后,置于39 ℃高温培养,观察其高温胁迫72 h后的热害情况,通过计算热害指数(TDG)筛选评价出高、中、低耐热性的苦瓜种质;从中选取6个不同耐热性的自交系,测定39 ℃胁迫0 h和48 h的株高(PH)、茎粗(SD)、鲜物质量(SFW)和干物质量(SDW)等形态学指标以及叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、电导率(REL)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、丙二醛含量(MDA)、脯氨酸含量(Pro)和可溶性糖含量(SS)等生理指标;主成分分析上述12个指标的耐热系数(α),综合评价6个自交系材料的耐热性;利用逐步回归分析法建立耐热性评价数学模型获得苦瓜耐热性鉴定指标体系。结果表明:以TDG为依据,27个苦瓜自交系中有耐热型3个,中等耐热型18个,热敏型6个;6个不同耐热性材料的综合评价结果与热害指数鉴定结果基本一致;耐热性的评价数学模型为:Y=–0.426+0.049X1–0.011X2–0.009X3–0.018X4,利用建立的最优回归方程预测供试材料的耐热性,预测值与Y值基本一致。说明SFW(X1)、POD活性(X2)、CAT活性(X3)和SS含量(X4)这4个指标的耐热系数可以快速准确地评价苦瓜耐热性差异,可用作苦瓜耐热性鉴定指标。本研究筛选出苦瓜耐热种质并构建苦瓜耐热性评价体系,为海南夏季耐热苦瓜新品种选育提供依据。

, authors=

林春妹(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物高效栽培。

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* 廖道龙(LIAO Daolong),E-mail:
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林春妹(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物高效栽培。

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林春妹(1998—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:热带作物高效栽培。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276558342092882260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=41, issue=10, pageStart=112, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=54, authorNames=马宝鹏, 逯明辉, 巩振辉, journalName=西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=马宝鹏, 逯明辉, 巩振辉. 辣椒幼苗对高温胁迫的生长生理响应[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 41(10): 112-118., articleTitle=辣椒幼苗对高温胁迫的生长生理响应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276558342155796821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=41, issue=10, pageStart=112, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=55, authorNames=MA B P, LU M H, GONG Z H, journalName=Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA B P, LU M H, GONG Z H. Responses of growth and physiological of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings to high temperature stress[J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 41(10): 112-118.(in Chinese), articleTitle=Responses of growth and physiological of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings to high temperature stress, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276558336359268636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, awardId=KYYS-2021-07, language=CN, fundingSource=省属科研院所技术创新专项(KYYS-2021-07), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276558336426377501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, awardId=YDLH05, language=CN, fundingSource=三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院南繁专项(YDLH05), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276558326204858593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276558326376825058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, companyId=1276558326204858593, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276558326389407971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, companyId=1276558326204858593, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南海口 571100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276558326469099748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276558326477488357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, companyId=1276558326469099748, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276558326490071270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, companyId=1276558326469099748, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276558334446665996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Heat-injury symptoms of bitter gourd seedlings under high stress, figureFileSmall=jDYHjbh+khGisNxzdITq/g==, figureFileBig=JE8yt+3hV/jBKrP+LogzNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276558334782210317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=CN, label=图1, caption=高温胁迫下苦瓜幼苗的热害症状, figureFileSmall=jDYHjbh+khGisNxzdITq/g==, figureFileBig=JE8yt+3hV/jBKrP+LogzNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276558334874485006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Correlation analysis of various indexes of heat resistance of bitter gourd, figureFileSmall=hRwW+IOL8JLxouU7Q+bOiA==, figureFileBig=OYPZKmdvJBIdjnWDEsIvag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276558334929010959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=CN, label=图2, caption=苦瓜耐热性各指标之间的相关分析, figureFileSmall=hRwW+IOL8JLxouU7Q+bOiA==, figureFileBig=OYPZKmdvJBIdjnWDEsIvag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276558335197446416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Source of inbred lines of bitter gourd tested

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编号No.名称Name来源Source编号No.名称Name来源Source编号No.名称Name来源Source编号No.名称Name来源Source
1KG14-4海南8KG01-4-3海南15BG021广东22LD46-1广东
2KG14-2海南9KGd201-2海南16KG04-3-1广东23KGdz05海南
3LD40-1福建10KG10-1海南17LD49广东24KG1810海南
4KG18-2江西11KG01-2海南18KG34-2江西25KGdz01-1海南
525-15广东12KG22海南19KG06广东26KG26-1山东
6BG10-2广东13LD50海南20LD38-1广西27KG26-2山东
704-17-4斯里兰卡14KG37海南21KG13海南
), ArticleFig(id=1276558335264555281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试苦瓜自交系来源

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编号No.名称Name来源Source编号No.名称Name来源Source编号No.名称Name来源Source编号No.名称Name来源Source
1KG14-4海南8KG01-4-3海南15BG021广东22LD46-1广东
2KG14-2海南9KGd201-2海南16KG04-3-1广东23KGdz05海南
3LD40-1福建10KG10-1海南17LD49广东24KG1810海南
4KG18-2江西11KG01-2海南18KG34-2江西25KGdz01-1海南
525-15广东12KG22海南19KG06广东26KG26-1山东
6BG10-2广东13LD50海南20LD38-1广西27KG26-2山东
704-17-4斯里兰卡14KG37海南21KG13海南
), ArticleFig(id=1276558335327469842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Evaluation criteria for thermal damage grade of balsam pear seedlings

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热害等级Thermal damage levels热害症状Thermal damage symptoms
0级无热害症状
1级1片叶片出现1/3以上面积变黄或萎蔫
2级2片叶片出现1/3以上面积变黄或萎蔫
3级3片叶片出现1/3以上面积变黄或萎蔫
4级整株枯死
), ArticleFig(id=1276558335419744531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

苦瓜幼苗热害等级的评价标准

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热害等级Thermal damage levels热害症状Thermal damage symptoms
0级无热害症状
1级1片叶片出现1/3以上面积变黄或萎蔫
2级2片叶片出现1/3以上面积变黄或萎蔫
3级3片叶片出现1/3以上面积变黄或萎蔫
4级整株枯死
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Heat damage index and heat resistance evaluation of 27 inbred lines of bitter gourd

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自交系名称Inbred lines nameTDG耐热类型Heat resistant type自交系名称Inbred linesTDG耐热类型Heat resistant type
KG14-413.89耐热型BG02154.76中等耐热型
KG14-229.41耐热型KG04-3-154.76中等耐热型
LD40-131.67耐热型LD4956.94中等耐热型
KG18-241.67中等耐热型KG34-262.50中等耐热型
25-1543.06中等耐热型KG0663.10中等耐热型
BG10-246.88中等耐热型LD38-163.10中等耐热型
04-17-447.62中等耐热型KG1364.06中等耐热型
KG01-4-347.92中等耐热型LD46-165.00热敏型
KGd201-248.81中等耐热型KGdz0568.06热敏型
KG10-150.00中等耐热型KG181068.06热敏型
KG01-251.19中等耐热型KGdz01-169.05热敏型
KG2253.33中等耐热型KG26-171.43热敏型
LD5053.57中等耐热型KG26-279.49热敏型
KG3753.57中等耐热型
), ArticleFig(id=1276558335784648981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

27个苦瓜自交系的热害指数及耐热性评价

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自交系名称Inbred lines nameTDG耐热类型Heat resistant type自交系名称Inbred linesTDG耐热类型Heat resistant type
KG14-413.89耐热型BG02154.76中等耐热型
KG14-229.41耐热型KG04-3-154.76中等耐热型
LD40-131.67耐热型LD4956.94中等耐热型
KG18-241.67中等耐热型KG34-262.50中等耐热型
25-1543.06中等耐热型KG0663.10中等耐热型
BG10-246.88中等耐热型LD38-163.10中等耐热型
04-17-447.62中等耐热型KG1364.06中等耐热型
KG01-4-347.92中等耐热型LD46-165.00热敏型
KGd201-248.81中等耐热型KGdz0568.06热敏型
KG10-150.00中等耐热型KG181068.06热敏型
KG01-251.19中等耐热型KGdz01-169.05热敏型
KG2253.33中等耐热型KG26-171.43热敏型
LD5053.57中等耐热型KG26-279.49热敏型
KG3753.57中等耐热型
), ArticleFig(id=1276558335868535062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Common factor eigenvalues and contribution rates of principal components

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主成分Main Component特征值Eigenvalue贡献率Contribution rate/%累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%
15.33044.4144.41
23.75031.2575.67
31.78914.9190.58
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主成分的公因子特征值及贡献率

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主成分Main Component特征值Eigenvalue贡献率Contribution rate/%累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%
15.33044.4144.41
23.75031.2575.67
31.78914.9190.58
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Principal component analysis of 12 indexes at seedling stage of bitter gourd

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主成分Main componentPHSDSFWSDWRELPODCATSODMDAProSSSPAD
10.121–0.0450.2990.2410.334–0.2940.362–0.3540.363–0.163–0.3120.355
20.490–0.4680.3300.4100.026–0.063–0.1010.099–0.2110.3570.021–0.257
3–0.035–0.1040.084–0.0010.3350.5270.2370.397–0.263–0.319–0.449–0.069
), ArticleFig(id=1276558336057278745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

苦瓜苗期12个指标主成分分析

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主成分Main componentPHSDSFWSDWRELPODCATSODMDAProSSSPAD
10.121–0.0450.2990.2410.334–0.2940.362–0.3540.363–0.163–0.3120.355
20.490–0.4680.3300.4100.026–0.063–0.1010.099–0.2110.3570.021–0.257
3–0.035–0.1040.084–0.0010.3350.5270.2370.397–0.263–0.319–0.449–0.069
), ArticleFig(id=1276558336120193306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276222226051502792, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Comprehensive score, predicted value and ranking of heat resistance coefficient of each inbred lines

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品种VarietyF1F2F3F排名Rank
KG10-1–0.6464.088–0.3970.9322
KG130.335–0.883–2.632–0.5194
KG14-21.487–1.714–0.1210.1073
KG14-43.9820.2191.3422.0371
KG26-1–2.773–1.3860.584–1.5786
KG26-2–2.386–0.3231.224–0.9785
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各自交系耐热系数综合得分、预测值及排名

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品种VarietyF1F2F3F排名Rank
KG10-1–0.6464.088–0.3970.9322
KG130.335–0.883–2.632–0.5194
KG14-21.487–1.714–0.1210.1073
KG14-43.9820.2191.3422.0371
KG26-1–2.773–1.3860.584–1.5786
KG26-2–2.386–0.3231.224–0.9785
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苦瓜种质资源耐热性评价及其鉴定指标的筛选
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林春妹 1, 2 , 廖道龙 1, 2, * , 刘子凡 2 , 符厚隆 2 , 陈贻诵 1
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2024,45(2): 288-295
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2024 , 45 (2) : 288 -295
苦瓜种质资源耐热性评价及其鉴定指标的筛选
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林春妹1, 2, 廖道龙1, 2, * , 刘子凡2, 符厚隆2, 陈贻诵1
作者信息
  • 1.海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南海口 571100
  • 2.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 廖道龙(LIAO Daolong),E-mail:
Evaluation of Heat Tolerance of Bitter Gourd Germplasm Resources and Screening of Identification Indexes
Chunmei LIN1, 2, Daolong LIAO1, 2, * , Zifan LIU2, Houlong FU2, Yisong CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Vegetables, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
  • 2.College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.008
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本文以27个苦瓜自交系4叶1心的幼苗为材料,预培养1 d后,置于39 ℃高温培养,观察其高温胁迫72 h后的热害情况,通过计算热害指数(TDG)筛选评价出高、中、低耐热性的苦瓜种质;从中选取6个不同耐热性的自交系,测定39 ℃胁迫0 h和48 h的株高(PH)、茎粗(SD)、鲜物质量(SFW)和干物质量(SDW)等形态学指标以及叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、电导率(REL)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、丙二醛含量(MDA)、脯氨酸含量(Pro)和可溶性糖含量(SS)等生理指标;主成分分析上述12个指标的耐热系数(α),综合评价6个自交系材料的耐热性;利用逐步回归分析法建立耐热性评价数学模型获得苦瓜耐热性鉴定指标体系。结果表明:以TDG为依据,27个苦瓜自交系中有耐热型3个,中等耐热型18个,热敏型6个;6个不同耐热性材料的综合评价结果与热害指数鉴定结果基本一致;耐热性的评价数学模型为:Y=–0.426+0.049X1–0.011X2–0.009X3–0.018X4,利用建立的最优回归方程预测供试材料的耐热性,预测值与Y值基本一致。说明SFW(X1)、POD活性(X2)、CAT活性(X3)和SS含量(X4)这4个指标的耐热系数可以快速准确地评价苦瓜耐热性差异,可用作苦瓜耐热性鉴定指标。本研究筛选出苦瓜耐热种质并构建苦瓜耐热性评价体系,为海南夏季耐热苦瓜新品种选育提供依据。

苦瓜  /  耐热性  /  主成分分析  /  逐步回归法

In this paper, the seedlings of 27 inbred lines of bitter gourd with four leaves and one heart were used as materials. After pre-cultivated one day, the seedlings were subjected to 39 ℃ temperature stress. And the 27 germplasm resources were divided into three types: high heat resistance, medium heat resistance and heat sensitivity screened by the heat damage index (TDG) after 72 hours of high temperature stress. Among them, six inbred lines with different heat tolerance were selected to measure 12 morphological and physiological indexes subjected to 39 ℃ stress for 0 h and 48 h, respectively, including plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), plant fresh matter (SFW) and dry matter (SDW) and leaf relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), electrical conductivity (REL), peroxidase activity (POD), catalase activity (CAT), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), malondialdehyde content (MDA)), proline content (Pro) and soluble sugar content (SS). The comprehensive evaluation values were obtained by the principal component analysis of heat resistance coefficients (α) of 12 morphological and physiological indexes to evaluate heat resistance of the seedlings. The mathematical model of heat resistanc evaluation was established by the stepwise regression analysis to obtain the heat resistance evaluation index system of bitter gourd. According to TDG, among the 27 bitter gourd inbred lines, three were heat-resistant, 18 were medium-heat-resistant and six were heat-sensitive. A mathematical evaluation model of heat tolerance of bitter gourd was established using the stepwise regression equation, which is Y=–0.426+0.049X1–0.011X2–0.009X3–0.018X4. The established optimal regression equation was used to predict the heat resistance of the tested materials, and the predictive values were basically consistent with the comprehensive heat tolerance value. Therefore, the heat resistance coefficients of SFW (X1), POD activity (X2), CAT activity (X3) and SS content (X4) could rapidly and accurately estimate bitter gourd heat resistance and were suggested to be used as evaluation indexes for heat resistance of bitter gourd. In order to provide a basis for the breeding of new heat-resistant bitter gourd varieties in Hainan in summer season, the heat-resistant bitter gourd germplams were screened and a heat-resistant evaluation system was constructed.

bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)  /  heat resistance  /  principal component analysis  /  stepwise regression method
林春妹, 廖道龙, 刘子凡, 符厚隆, 陈贻诵. 苦瓜种质资源耐热性评价及其鉴定指标的筛选. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (2) : 288 -295 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.008
Chunmei LIN, Daolong LIAO, Zifan LIU, Houlong FU, Yisong CHEN. Evaluation of Heat Tolerance of Bitter Gourd Germplasm Resources and Screening of Identification Indexes[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (2) : 288 -295 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.008
苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)是葫芦科苦瓜属1年生攀缘性草本植物,天然食药两用植物[1],为夏季主要的消暑蔬菜之一[2],具有很高的营养和药用价值[3-5]。苦瓜生长最适温度为20~30 ℃,海南岛年平均温度为22.8~25.5 ℃,夏季气温基本在30 ℃以上[6],短期温度可达35 ℃以上。2021年《中国气候变化蓝皮书》指出:20世纪90年代中期以来,中国极端高温事件明显增多[7]。持续高温造成苦瓜生长发育缓慢,产量下降,严重时植株死亡,使瓜农损失惨重[8],同时影响市场供应,出现“菜贵伤民”的现象。因此,选育出耐热苦瓜种质资源是解决苦瓜安全越夏的重要措施。
构建耐热性评价体系是选育耐热新种质的重要前提,而构建耐热性评价体系的关键是筛选出可鉴定评价指标。通过热害指数等表型特征能够直观便捷地反映不同材料之间耐热性的差异[9];作物遭受热害时,体内必然发生着相应的生理生化变化,因此也可选择生理指标来间接评价鉴定植物耐热性强弱[10]。但是不同作物耐热性鉴定的指标有所差异,其耐热性鉴定指标也有所不同。研究发现:热害指数、膜相对电导率和可溶性糖含量可用来鉴定茄子耐热性[11];热害指数、叶面积、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和脯氨酸(Pro)含量可用来鉴定西瓜苗期耐热性[12];节间长、相对电导率、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素a/叶绿素b、Pn和Fv/Fm可用来鉴定黄瓜耐热性[13]
前人对苦瓜耐热性鉴定指标有一些报道,包括叶形、初花期、开花天数、果肉横径、果肉厚、果形、果数和产量等形态特征鉴定指标[14-15]和电解质外渗率、丙二醛和脯氨酸、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数等生理评价指标[16]。但是,不同生态地区、不同苦瓜品种及其不同生育期的耐热机制和耐热表现不同,耐热评价指标的稳定性和可靠性也必然存在差异。因此,本研究通过人工模拟高温,从27份苦瓜种质资源中筛选出耐热性不同的种质资源;从中选取耐热型、中等耐热型及热敏型各2个苦瓜自交系,测定高温胁迫后的形态学与生理指标,运用主成分分析法,以上述各项指标的耐热系数对幼苗耐热性进行综合评价,最后采用逐步回归分析建立最优方程,筛选出苦瓜幼苗耐热性的评价指标,为苦瓜耐热种质的选育及其在海南的推广应用提供参考依据。
供试材料为27份苦瓜种质资源,供试自交系的名称及来源见表1
55 ℃温水浸种15 min,再30 ℃水中浸种8 h,催芽后播种至60孔穴盘。待幼苗长至4叶1心时,选取健壮、生长一致的幼苗置于28 ℃、光强5000 Lx,光周期12 h/12 h的光照培养箱中预培养1 d。预培养结束后,将温度设为39 ℃,光照强度和光周期保持不变。每个处理设3个重复,每个重复20株,处理48 h后浇1次透水,其他管理按照常规进行,每天观察幼苗热害症状。
根据苦瓜苗期耐热性种质资源筛选结果,选取耐热型、中等耐热型及热敏型各2个自交系为材料,39 ℃高温胁迫,测定胁迫前和胁迫48 h后幼苗的形态与生理指标。育苗及高温胁迫方法同1.2.1。
(1)热害指数的测定。参照《苦瓜种质资源描述规范和数据标准》热害等级分级标准并稍加改进,将热害程度分为5个等级(表2)。由公式(1)计算苦瓜苗期热害指数(TDG)。
据TDG的大小对幼苗耐热性进行分级,TDG<35%,耐热性强;35%≤TDG<65%,耐热性中等;TDG≥65%,耐热性弱[17]
(2)形态与生理指标测定。形态指标测定:卷尺测量植株茎基部到最高叶片尖端的距离作为株高(PH);用游标卡尺测量茎基部作为茎粗(SD);用天平测定整株鲜物质量(SFW);鲜样105 ℃杀青30 min后,80 ℃烘箱烘干至恒重,称重,得整株干物质量(SDW)。生理指标的测定:用SPAD-502叶绿素仪测定相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值);选取第2~3片叶,剪下,一部分当天用电导率仪测定相对电导率(REL)[18];另一部分液氮冷冻后于–80 ℃冷藏,用于测定POD活性、CAT活性、SOD活性、MDA含量、Pro含量和可溶性糖(SS)含量,均采用苏州科铭试剂盒法。按公式(2)计算各形态与生理指标的耐热系数(α)。
按特征值大于1的标准确定主成分,以获得的特征值、贡献率和累计贡献率计算综合得分(F),见公式(3)和(4)。
式中,j=1,2,…,nFj表示第j个主成分,Pj表示第j个主成分的贡献率[19]。逐步回归是选用综合得分值作为因变量Y,形态与生理指标耐热系数(α)作为自变量,建立最优回归方程。
采用Microsoft Excel 2016软件进行数据整理和计算,采用DPS 9.01软件进行相关性分析、主成分分析和逐步回归分析,采用Origin 2021软件制作相关分析图。
据幼苗热害指数的大小将27个苦瓜自交系划分为耐热型、中等耐热型和热敏型。其中KG14-4、KG14-2、LD40-1为耐热型;KG18-2、25-15、BG10-2、04-17-4、KG01-4-3、KGd201-2、KG10-1、KG01-2等18个自交系中等耐热型;LD46-1、KGDz05、KG1810、KGdz01-1、KG26-1、KG26-2为热敏型(表3)。部分自交系热害症状详见图1
分别选取2个耐热型KG14-4、KG14-2和2个中等耐热型KG10-1、KG13以及2个热敏型KG26-1、KG26-2共6个自交系材料,对12个形态与生理指标的耐热系数进行相关性分析。由图2可知,高温胁迫下12个性状指标间均存在不同程度的相关性,其中PH与SD的耐热系数呈极显著负相关,PH与SDW的耐热系数呈极显著正相关;SFW与SDW的耐热系数呈极显著正相关;REL与SS含量的耐热系数呈极显著负相关;POD活性与SOD活性的耐热系数呈极显著正相关,POD活性与MDA含量的耐热系数呈极显著负相关;SOD活性与MDA含量的耐热系数呈极显著负相关,SOD活性与SPAD值的耐热系数呈极显著负相关;MDA含量与SPAD值的耐热系数呈极显著正相关。各性状耐热系数间存在一定程度的信息重叠现象,表明苦瓜耐热性是一个复杂的综合性状,直接利用各单项指标难以准确、直观地评价苦瓜耐热性,其对高温胁迫响应的异质性需要进一步采用多元分析法。
通过对高温胁迫下苦瓜自交系的各项指标的耐热系数进行主成分分析,按特征值大于1为纳入主成分标准,把原来12个单项指标转换为3个新的相互独立的综合指标获得3个主成分,3个主成分累计贡献率90.58%,。其中,第一主成分贡献率为44.41%,主要包括REL、CAT活性、SOD活性、MDA含量、SPAD值与SS含量这6个指标耐热系数的原始数据信息,特征矢量值较高的是MDA含量和REL的耐热系数,因此可概况为生物膜结构稳定因子;第二主成分贡献率为31.25%,主要包括PH、SD、SFW、SDW和Pro含量的耐热系数,特征矢量值较高的是PH、SD、SFW、SDW的耐热系数,可概括为形态因子;第三主成分贡献率为14.91%,主要包括REL、POD活性、SOD活性、Pro和SS含量的耐热系数,特征矢量值较高的是POD活性、CAT活性和SOD活性3个指标的耐热系数,可概括为活性氧清除系统(表4表5)。
由第一主成分得分(F1)、第二主成分得分(F2)和第三主成分得分(F3)和相对应的贡献率获得耐热系数综合得分(F),综合得分越大表明耐热性越强,反之越弱。由表6可知,KG14-4的综合得分最大,为2.037,表明其幼苗的耐热性最强;KG26-1的综合得分最小,为–1.578,表明其幼苗的耐热性最弱。
为进一步筛选苦瓜苗期耐热性鉴定指标,以综合得分为因变量,12项形态与生理指标的耐热系数作为自变量,采用逐步回归分析法获最优回归方程(5)。
式中,X1X2X3X4分别代表SFW、POD、CAT和SS四个指标的耐热系数(α)。将6个自交系的上述4个指标的α代入方程,获得KG10-1、KG13、KG14-2、KG14-4、KG26-1和KG26-2自交系的耐热性预测值,分别为0.959、–0.505、0.146、1.981、–1.596和–0.948,排序与主成分分析一致。将预测值与主成分分析的综合得分F进行相关性分析,可得出二者的相关系数R2=1.000,呈极显著相关(P<0.01),说明回归方程(5)对苦瓜苗期耐热性预测具有较好的可靠性。
热害指数是耐热性鉴定的重要表型指标,在不结球白菜[20]、丝瓜[21]、番茄[22]等多种作物上已广泛应用。本研究以幼苗热害指数为鉴定指标,对27个苦瓜自交系材料进行了耐热性鉴定,筛选出耐热型3个,中等耐热型18个,热敏型6个;其评价结果与苦瓜成株期在田间生产表现具有较高的一致性,如KG14-4是从海南夏秋季种植的地方品种选育的自交系,在生产上表现出抗热性强、产量高,果肉厚实;而KG26-1是从冬春季种植的苦瓜品种中自交选育出的品系,在海南夏秋季种植生产中表现出不耐高温,且坐果率低、畸形果多。因此采用苗期热害指数能够明显鉴别出苦瓜种质资源的耐热性,该方法相对于大田成株期鉴定能大大缩短筛选周期,简便易行。
本研究同时发现选用热害指数评价结果与主成分分析的结果基本一致,但存在细微差异,热害指数评价KG10-1和KG14-2分别属中等耐热和耐热型种质,主成分分析综合得分的结果是KG10-1排名高于耐热的KG14-2,这可能与热害表型记录具有一定的主观性和经验性有关。所以,选用高温胁迫下与植物耐热性相关且敏感、无主观因素的形态与生理指标是快速评判耐热性的最佳有效方式[23]
热胁迫下生理生化指标或形态学指标与真实反映植株耐热性。持续高温引起植物体内酶代谢失活,或叶片细胞含水量降低[24],导致叶绿素合成减少,叶片变黄、萎蔫甚至枯萎。
SOD、POD、CAT是植物细胞内活性氧清除系统,能消除高温胁迫下植株细胞中积累的活性氧自由基,使植物免受氧化性损伤[25-27],保护细胞膜稳定性,提高植株耐热性。张永平等[28]研究表明,受高温胁迫后,不同甜瓜品种的SOD活性均显著升高;姜春明等[29]研究表明,对小麦进行高温处理,不同品种的小麦POD活性均降低;耐热品种的CAT活性大于不耐热品种;SS作为一种渗透调节物质,在逆境条件下具有维持细胞结构和功能的作用,可作为鉴定植物抗性的一个生理指标[30]。本研究发现高温胁迫后6个苦瓜自交系的鲜重均降低,但不耐热自交系表现更明显,这与马宝鹏等[31]在其他作物上的研究结果一致。
但作物耐热机制受自身基因型和外界环境因素的影响,仅通过某一方面性状的测定,很难准确反映出不同种质间的耐热性差异[12]。主成分分析法可将多个单项指标变换成几个新的且彼此独立的综合指标,弥补单项指标评价耐热性的缺陷,提高评价的准确性。本研究通过测定高温胁迫0 h和48 h后的12个指标,以这些指标的耐热系数进行主成分分析,并利用逐步回归法模拟出以鲜重、过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性和可溶性糖含量这4个指标耐热系数为自变量的最佳模拟方程,从而建立了苦瓜耐热性鉴定技术标准,为苦瓜种质资源耐热性评价提供了准确、简便的方法。随着生物技术的快速发展,近年来苦瓜全基因组已完成了测序工作,这为从分子水平开展苦瓜耐热性研究提供坚实的基础。因此,本课题组下一步将开展苦瓜耐热性相关的基因定位,并开发紧密连锁分子标记,从而快速高效选育优良耐热苦瓜新品种。
  • 省属科研院所技术创新专项(KYYS-2021-07)
  • 三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院南繁专项(YDLH05)
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2024年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.02.008
  • 接收时间:2022-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-22
  • 修回日期:2022-10-28
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省属科研院所技术创新专项(KYYS-2021-07)
三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院南繁专项(YDLH05)
作者信息
    1.海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,海南海口 571100
    2.海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228

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* 廖道龙(LIAO Daolong),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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