Article(id=1276213448681845758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1670428800000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-08, revisedDate=1678982400000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782202597065, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782202597065, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782202597065, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782202597065, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276213295170323272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='653', pageEnd='871', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1713974400000', pubDateStr='2024-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782202560465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782203706550, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=847, endPage=854, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276213449050944512, articleId=1276213448681845758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Biological Characteristics of Tobacco Leaf Spot Pathogen and Laboratory Screening of Fungicides, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tobacco is an important economic crop, and its leaves have great economic value. In recent years, with the increase of tobacco planting areas, the varieties of leaf diseases are on the rise. Two strains of tobacco leaf spot disease pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the tobacco leaf disease samples in Hezhou, Guangxi. Through polygenic phylogenetic analysis, they were identified as Cumuliphoma indica, which is the first report on the tobacco leaf spot disease caused by C. indica in China. To clarify the biological characteristics of the pathogen and screen the control agents, this study used the mycelial growth rate method to study the lethal temperature of the mycelia of the strain, and its growth in different media, temperatures, pH, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, light cycles and to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to nine chemical agents. The biological characteristics showed that the temperature range of C. indica mycelium growth was wide, and the optimum temperature was 28 ℃. Weak acid environment was more favorable for mycelium growth, and the optimal pH was 5. It grew fastest on CMA and CDA. The optimum nitrogen source was peptone. The optimum carbon sources was soluble starch. The lethal temperature of mycelium was 49 ℃, and the water bath was 10 min. Light had a significant effect on the growth of the mycelia, and 24 h full light was the most favorable. The results of laboratory screening showed that the nine tested fungicides had different inhibition on the growth of C. indica mycelia, among which boscalid 50% WG had the best inhibitory effect, EC50 was 0.025 mg/L. The second was fludioxonil 50% FS (0.084 mg/L), iprodione 500 g/L SC (0.217 mg/L), prochloraz 450 g/L EW (1.354 mg/L), mancozeb 80% WP (6.565 mg/L), difenoxazole 10% ME (9.576 mg/L), pyraclostrobin 25% SC (34.237 mg/L) and myclobutanil 40% SC (38.804 mg/L). The inhibitory effect of tebuconazole 430 g/L SC was the weakest, EC50 was 42.574 mg/L. The study revealed the biological characteristics of C. indica for the first time, and recommended 50% acetanilide WG as a candidate fungicide for the prevention and control. The results could provide a reference for the effective prevention and control of tobacco leaf spot disease caused by C. indica.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xuanxian AN, Weijun SANG, Deping ZHANG, Haoxi LI, Jiangmin YANG, Xuemei LEI, Wuquan WANG, Maofa YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weijun SANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276213452192477197, articleId=1276213448681845758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=烟草叶斑病菌Cumuliphoma indica的生物学特性及室内药剂筛选, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

烟草是重要的经济作物,其叶具有较高的经济价值。近年来,随着烟草种植面积增加,叶部病害种类呈上升趋势。前期从广西壮族自治区贺州市烟区烟叶病样中分离得到2株烟草叶斑病致病菌,经多基因系统发育分析,确定为Cumuliphoma indica,是国内关于该病原菌引起烟草叶斑病的首次报道。为明确该病原菌的生物学特性并筛选防治药剂,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法,研究分离菌株菌丝的致死温度,以及其在不同培养基、温度、pH、碳源、氮源、光照周期条件下的生长情况,并测定病原菌对9种化学药剂的敏感性。生物学特性研究结果表明:C. indica菌丝生长的温度范围广,最适温度为28 ℃;弱酸性环境更利于菌丝生长,最适pH为5;在玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA)和察氏培养基(CDA)上生长最快;最适氮源为蛋白胨;最适碳源为可溶性淀粉;菌丝致死温度为49 ℃,水浴10 min;光照对菌丝生长有显著影响,24 h全光照对其最有利。室内防治药剂筛选结果表明:9种供试杀菌剂对C. indica菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中50%啶酰菌胺WG抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.025 mg/L;其次分别是50%咯菌腈FS(0.084 mg/L)、500 g/L异菌脲SC(0.217 mg/L)、450 g/L咪鲜胺EW(1.354 mg/L)、80%代森锰锌WP(6.565 mg/L)、10%苯醚甲环唑ME(9.576 mg/L)、25%吡唑醚菌酯(34.237 mg/L)和40%腈菌唑SC(38.804 mg/L);430 g/L戊唑醇SC的抑制作用最弱,EC50为42.574 mg/L。本研究揭示了C. indica的生物学特性,推荐50%啶酰菌胺WG作为防治候选杀菌剂,本结果可为由C. indica引起烟草叶斑病的有效防治提供参考和依据。

, authors=

安宣鲜(1997—),男,硕士,研究方向:烟草病原真菌学。

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* 桑维钧(SANG Weijun),E-mail:
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安宣鲜(1997—),男,硕士,研究方向:烟草病原真菌学。

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安宣鲜(1997—),男,硕士,研究方向:烟草病原真菌学。

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Toxicity and field control efficiency of four fungicides against tobacco grey mould[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 47(21): 142-144. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Toxicity and field control efficiency of four fungicides against tobacco grey mould, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276213476431360137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=47, authorNames=汪汉成, 黄宇, 杨金初, 李志莫, 蔡刘体, 韦克苏, 孟建玉, 李忠, journalName=农药学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪汉成, 黄宇, 杨金初, 李志莫, 蔡刘体, 韦克苏, 孟建玉, 李忠. 啶酰菌胺等8种杀菌剂对烟草叶斑病菌的生物活性[J]. 农药学学报, 2022, 8: 1-6., articleTitle=啶酰菌胺等8种杀菌剂对烟草叶斑病菌的生物活性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276213476498469002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=48, authorNames=WANG H C, HUANG Y, YANG J C, LI Z M, CAI L T, WEI K S, MENG J Y, LI Z, journalName=Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H C, HUANG Y, YANG J C, LI Z M, CAI L T, WEI K S, MENG J Y, LI Z. Bioactivities of boscalid, etc. eight fungicides against Didymella segeticola in tobacco[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2022, 8: 1-6. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Bioactivities of boscalid, etc. eight fungicides against Didymella segeticola in tobacco, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276213476565577867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=431, pageEnd=436, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=49, authorNames=蔡刘体, 汪汉成, 陈乾丽, 谭清群, 杨学辉, 马骏, journalName=农药学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡刘体, 汪汉成, 陈乾丽, 谭清群, 杨学辉, 马骏. 烟草米根霉对6种杀菌剂的敏感性及菌株保存条件筛选[J]. 农药学学报, 2019, 21(4): 431-436., articleTitle=烟草米根霉对6种杀菌剂的敏感性及菌株保存条件筛选, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276213478209745036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=21, issue=4, pageStart=431, pageEnd=436, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=50, authorNames=CAI L T, WANG H C, CHEN Q L, TAN Q Q, YANG X H, MA J, journalName=Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAI L T, WANG H C, CHEN Q L, TAN Q Q, YANG X H, MA J. Sensitivity of Rhizopus oryzae to six fungicides and the screening of its preservation conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 2019, 21(4): 431-436. 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不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=J5CGoYjUCTXa0tK9Y4pCyg==, figureFileBig=mYbZsNuX/wJTWqhwc3OVqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213469653364811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different temperatures on mycelia growth, figureFileSmall=A3iFvKwx3PLkhaalLDuDSQ==, figureFileBig=+1m6hKqczpKY/nF/6XvZug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213469745639500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同温度对菌株菌丝生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=A3iFvKwx3PLkhaalLDuDSQ==, figureFileBig=+1m6hKqczpKY/nF/6XvZug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213469976326221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of different pH on mycelia growth, figureFileSmall=2nbD7y9okpt59uR+9na//A==, figureFileBig=UzrNLPbiIvGqznS1ZSqS2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213470035046478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同pH对菌株菌丝生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=2nbD7y9okpt59uR+9na//A==, figureFileBig=UzrNLPbiIvGqznS1ZSqS2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213470102155343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of different carbon sources on mycelia growth, figureFileSmall=z7Fj5zKPADqiQ8A8MzzqNA==, figureFileBig=ImXIjOGCoJK1jo0qodYZmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213470177652816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同碳源对菌株菌丝生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=z7Fj5zKPADqiQ8A8MzzqNA==, figureFileBig=ImXIjOGCoJK1jo0qodYZmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213470391562321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of different nitrogen sources on mycelia growth, figureFileSmall=farGc3ZmsmLZfpnlpXqE2Q==, figureFileBig=BF3lyBfZYXGvEp7zh/6MTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213470458671186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同氮源对菌株菌丝生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=farGc3ZmsmLZfpnlpXqE2Q==, figureFileBig=BF3lyBfZYXGvEp7zh/6MTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213470538362963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Influence of different light on mycelial growth of strain, figureFileSmall=Nmd+7kpH7VyDkDDd/L9uyA==, figureFileBig=rpkjMq6pGdMAsd2RmUOXmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213470597083220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同光照对菌株菌丝生长的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Nmd+7kpH7VyDkDDd/L9uyA==, figureFileBig=rpkjMq6pGdMAsd2RmUOXmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276213470693552213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Test fungicides and treatment concentrations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂Fungicide生产厂家Manufacture factory浓度Concentration/(mg·L–1)
50%啶酰菌胺WG山西德威本草生物科技有限公司3.704、1.235、0.412、0.137、0.046、0.015
50%咯菌腈FS河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司3.704、1.235、0.412、0.137、0.046、0.015
500 g/L异菌脲SC上海沪联生物药业(夏邑)股份有限公司11.111、3.704、1.235、0.412、0.137、0.046
450 g/L咪鲜胺EW苏州富美实植物保护剂100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235、0.412
80%代森锰锌WP巴斯夫植物保护(江苏)有限公司300、100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235
10%苯醚甲环唑ME兴农股份有限公司100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235、0.412
40%腈菌唑SC河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司900、300、100、33.334、11.111、3.704
25%吡唑醚菌酯SC先正达南通作物保护有限公司300、100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235
430 g/L戊唑醇SC山西禾益化工股份有限公司100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235、0.412
), ArticleFig(id=1276213470802604118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

供试药剂及处理浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂Fungicide生产厂家Manufacture factory浓度Concentration/(mg·L–1)
50%啶酰菌胺WG山西德威本草生物科技有限公司3.704、1.235、0.412、0.137、0.046、0.015
50%咯菌腈FS河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司3.704、1.235、0.412、0.137、0.046、0.015
500 g/L异菌脲SC上海沪联生物药业(夏邑)股份有限公司11.111、3.704、1.235、0.412、0.137、0.046
450 g/L咪鲜胺EW苏州富美实植物保护剂100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235、0.412
80%代森锰锌WP巴斯夫植物保护(江苏)有限公司300、100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235
10%苯醚甲环唑ME兴农股份有限公司100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235、0.412
40%腈菌唑SC河北中保绿农作物科技有限公司900、300、100、33.334、11.111、3.704
25%吡唑醚菌酯SC先正达南通作物保护有限公司300、100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235
430 g/L戊唑醇SC山西禾益化工股份有限公司100、33.334、11.111、3.704、1.235、0.412
), ArticleFig(id=1276213470882295895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Inhibitory effects of 9 fungicides on the mycelial growth of C. indica

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂Fungicide回归方程(y=)Regression equation相关系数Correlation coefficientEC50/(mg·L-1
50%啶酰菌胺WG1.823+2.921x0.9330.025
50%咯菌腈FS2.224+2.396x0.9700.084
500 g/L异菌脲SC1.636+0.314x0.9720.217
450 g/L咪鲜胺EW1.090–0.144x0.9911.354
80%代森锰锌WP1.126–0.920x0.9956.565
10%苯醚甲环唑ME0.792–0.778x0.9639.576
25%吡唑醚菌酯SC0.929–1.477x0.96034.237
40%腈菌唑SC0.634–0.973x0.99638.804
430 g/L戊唑醇SC0.782–1.273x0.99042.574
), ArticleFig(id=1276213470949404760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213448681845758, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

9种杀菌剂对C. indica菌丝生长的抑制效果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药剂Fungicide回归方程(y=)Regression equation相关系数Correlation coefficientEC50/(mg·L-1
50%啶酰菌胺WG1.823+2.921x0.9330.025
50%咯菌腈FS2.224+2.396x0.9700.084
500 g/L异菌脲SC1.636+0.314x0.9720.217
450 g/L咪鲜胺EW1.090–0.144x0.9911.354
80%代森锰锌WP1.126–0.920x0.9956.565
10%苯醚甲环唑ME0.792–0.778x0.9639.576
25%吡唑醚菌酯SC0.929–1.477x0.96034.237
40%腈菌唑SC0.634–0.973x0.99638.804
430 g/L戊唑醇SC0.782–1.273x0.99042.574
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烟草叶斑病菌Cumuliphoma indica的生物学特性及室内药剂筛选
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安宣鲜 1 , 桑维钧 1, * , 张得平 2 , 李昊熙 1 , 杨江敏 1 , 雷雪梅 1 , 王五权 2 , 杨茂发 1
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(4): 847-854
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (4) : 847 -854
烟草叶斑病菌Cumuliphoma indica的生物学特性及室内药剂筛选
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安宣鲜1, 桑维钧1, * , 张得平2, 李昊熙1, 杨江敏1, 雷雪梅1, 王五权2, 杨茂发1
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学烟草学院/贵州省烟草品质重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550025
  • 2.中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技处,广西南宁 530022
通讯作者:
* 桑维钧(SANG Weijun),E-mail:
Biological Characteristics of Tobacco Leaf Spot Pathogen and Laboratory Screening of Fungicides
Xuanxian AN1, Weijun SANG1, * , Deping ZHANG2, Haoxi LI1, Jiangmin YANG1, Xuemei LEI1, Wuquan WANG2, Maofa YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University / Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
  • 2.Science and Technology Department, Guangxi Branch, China National Tobacco Corporation, Nanning, Guangxi 530022, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.020
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烟草是重要的经济作物,其叶具有较高的经济价值。近年来,随着烟草种植面积增加,叶部病害种类呈上升趋势。前期从广西壮族自治区贺州市烟区烟叶病样中分离得到2株烟草叶斑病致病菌,经多基因系统发育分析,确定为Cumuliphoma indica,是国内关于该病原菌引起烟草叶斑病的首次报道。为明确该病原菌的生物学特性并筛选防治药剂,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法,研究分离菌株菌丝的致死温度,以及其在不同培养基、温度、pH、碳源、氮源、光照周期条件下的生长情况,并测定病原菌对9种化学药剂的敏感性。生物学特性研究结果表明:C. indica菌丝生长的温度范围广,最适温度为28 ℃;弱酸性环境更利于菌丝生长,最适pH为5;在玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA)和察氏培养基(CDA)上生长最快;最适氮源为蛋白胨;最适碳源为可溶性淀粉;菌丝致死温度为49 ℃,水浴10 min;光照对菌丝生长有显著影响,24 h全光照对其最有利。室内防治药剂筛选结果表明:9种供试杀菌剂对C. indica菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中50%啶酰菌胺WG抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.025 mg/L;其次分别是50%咯菌腈FS(0.084 mg/L)、500 g/L异菌脲SC(0.217 mg/L)、450 g/L咪鲜胺EW(1.354 mg/L)、80%代森锰锌WP(6.565 mg/L)、10%苯醚甲环唑ME(9.576 mg/L)、25%吡唑醚菌酯(34.237 mg/L)和40%腈菌唑SC(38.804 mg/L);430 g/L戊唑醇SC的抑制作用最弱,EC50为42.574 mg/L。本研究揭示了C. indica的生物学特性,推荐50%啶酰菌胺WG作为防治候选杀菌剂,本结果可为由C. indica引起烟草叶斑病的有效防治提供参考和依据。

烟草  /  叶斑病  /  Cumuliphoma indica  /  生物学特性  /  药剂筛选

Tobacco is an important economic crop, and its leaves have great economic value. In recent years, with the increase of tobacco planting areas, the varieties of leaf diseases are on the rise. Two strains of tobacco leaf spot disease pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the tobacco leaf disease samples in Hezhou, Guangxi. Through polygenic phylogenetic analysis, they were identified as Cumuliphoma indica, which is the first report on the tobacco leaf spot disease caused by C. indica in China. To clarify the biological characteristics of the pathogen and screen the control agents, this study used the mycelial growth rate method to study the lethal temperature of the mycelia of the strain, and its growth in different media, temperatures, pH, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, light cycles and to determine the sensitivity of the pathogen to nine chemical agents. The biological characteristics showed that the temperature range of C. indica mycelium growth was wide, and the optimum temperature was 28 ℃. Weak acid environment was more favorable for mycelium growth, and the optimal pH was 5. It grew fastest on CMA and CDA. The optimum nitrogen source was peptone. The optimum carbon sources was soluble starch. The lethal temperature of mycelium was 49 ℃, and the water bath was 10 min. Light had a significant effect on the growth of the mycelia, and 24 h full light was the most favorable. The results of laboratory screening showed that the nine tested fungicides had different inhibition on the growth of C. indica mycelia, among which boscalid 50% WG had the best inhibitory effect, EC50 was 0.025 mg/L. The second was fludioxonil 50% FS (0.084 mg/L), iprodione 500 g/L SC (0.217 mg/L), prochloraz 450 g/L EW (1.354 mg/L), mancozeb 80% WP (6.565 mg/L), difenoxazole 10% ME (9.576 mg/L), pyraclostrobin 25% SC (34.237 mg/L) and myclobutanil 40% SC (38.804 mg/L). The inhibitory effect of tebuconazole 430 g/L SC was the weakest, EC50 was 42.574 mg/L. The study revealed the biological characteristics of C. indica for the first time, and recommended 50% acetanilide WG as a candidate fungicide for the prevention and control. The results could provide a reference for the effective prevention and control of tobacco leaf spot disease caused by C. indica.

tobacco  /  leaf spot disease  /  Cumuliphoma indica  /  biological characteristics  /  fungicides screening
安宣鲜, 桑维钧, 张得平, 李昊熙, 杨江敏, 雷雪梅, 王五权, 杨茂发. 烟草叶斑病菌Cumuliphoma indica的生物学特性及室内药剂筛选. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (4) : 847 -854 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.020
Xuanxian AN, Weijun SANG, Deping ZHANG, Haoxi LI, Jiangmin YANG, Xuemei LEI, Wuquan WANG, Maofa YANG. Biological Characteristics of Tobacco Leaf Spot Pathogen and Laboratory Screening of Fungicides[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (4) : 847 -854 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.020
烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)隶属于茄科烟草属,原产于美洲,是一年生的草本植物,其叶是烟草产品生产中最主要的材料,是世界上种植十分普遍的一种重要经济作物[1-2]。近年来,随着烟草种植制度的改变,气候条件变化,品种单一以及烟草连作障碍等问题的加重,烟草病害流行范围变广,危害程度愈发严重,经济损失也越来越大[3-6]。其中,烟草叶斑类病害是烟草生产上威胁最大的病害之一,在烟草的整个生育期都有发生,可直接导致烟草产量下降,品质降低[7-8]
2021年,课题组在广西壮族自治区贺州市发现一种发生在烟草生育中后期,病斑为白色,外周有黄色晕圈的叶斑病,对病原进行了分离鉴定,明确该病原菌为Cumuliphoma indica,此为国内该病原菌在烟草上的首次报道[9]C. indica隶属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、腔菌纲(Loculoascomycetes)、格孢腔菌目(Pleosporales)、亚隔孢壳科(Didymellaceae)、Cumuliphoma[10]Cumuliphoma是2018年VALENZUELA-LOPEZ等建立的新属,其模式种为C. omnivirens,该模式种由基物异名Phoma omnivirens新组合而来[10]。早在2009年AVESKAMP等[11]报道了P. omnivirens可引起菊科、豆科和白花丹科多种植物病害。2018年,江艳等[12]将在贵州发生的烟草茎点病的病原鉴定为P. omnivirens,其后,商胜华等[13]的研究明确了P. omnivirens菌丝生长的最适培养基为牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基、燕麦培养基和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基,最适温度为30 ℃,最适pH为10,最佳碳源为蔗糖,最佳氮源为硝酸钾和硝酸钙,致死温度为58 ℃,以及发现3%中生菌素对该病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好。
2021和2022年对广西壮族自治区主要植烟区烟草真菌性叶斑病害种类的调查发现,该病害在钟山县公安镇、燕塘镇以及富川瑶族自治县朝东镇、石家乡、福利镇、新华乡、柳家乡等乡镇均有发生,田间发病率在30%左右,该病对烟叶生产具有潜在的危害性。目前,关于C. indica生物学特性以及防治方面的研究基本处于空白,亟待进一步研究。本研究通过测定分离菌株的致死温度以及不同培养基、温度、pH、碳氮源、光照周期对菌丝生长的影响,以明确C. indica的生物学特性,同时探究9种化学药剂对病原菌生长的抑制作用,旨在为该病害的有效防控提供理论支撑。
2021年,采用常规组织分离法[14]从15份广西壮族自治区贺州市钟山县烟草(品种:K326)病叶样品中分离得到2株C. indica菌株(编号分别为HZGA75、HZGA79),保存于贵州大学烟草学院植物病理实验室,选用菌株HZGA75用于后续试验研究。
供试培养基分别为马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA,青岛高科技工业园海博生物技术有限公司)、玉米粉琼脂培养基(CMA,北京索莱宝科技有限公司)、察氏培养基(CDA,北京索莱宝科技有限公司)、燕麦培养基(OA,北京索莱宝科技有限公司)和自配番茄汁琼脂培养基(TomA,自配)、山药汁琼脂培养基(YA,自配)、烟叶汁琼脂培养基(TobA,自配)和水琼脂培养基(WA,自配)。自配培养基配方参照方中达[14]的方法等量配比。
本试验所用的杀菌剂种类、厂家及处理浓度详见表1
(1)不同类型培养基对病原菌菌丝生长的影响。将菌株HZGA75接在PDA平板上于28 ℃全黑暗培养3 d。采用内径为5 mm的无菌打孔器在菌落边缘打取菌饼,菌丝面朝下(下同)接种至上述8种培养基上,每个培养基3个重复,置于28 ℃恒温培养箱中黑暗培养。培养7 d后,采用十字交叉法测量菌落直径[15]。下同。
(2)温度对病原菌菌丝生长的影响。将5 mm的菌饼接种在新的PDA培养基上,分别置于5、10、15、20、25、28、30、35 ℃的恒温培养箱中黑暗培养7 d,每个处理3次重复[16]
(3)pH对病原菌菌丝生长的影响。以PDA为基础培养基,用1% HCl和1% NaOH溶液调配培养基的pH为8个不同梯度(4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11),将5 mm菌饼接在培养皿中央,置于恒温培养箱中黑暗培养7 d,每个处理重复3次[17]
(4)碳、氮源对病原菌菌丝生长的影响。以察氏培养基(CDA)为基础培养基,以不加碳源的察氏培养基为对照,将培养基中的蔗糖用相同含量的葡萄糖、甘露醇、乳糖、肌醇、山梨糖醇和可溶性淀粉替代;同理,以不加氮源的查氏培养基为对照,以等量的蛋白胨、硝酸铵、牛肉浸粉、氯化铵,尿素、甘氨酸、丙氨酸代替培养基中的硝酸钠,将5 mm菌饼分别接在含不同碳氮源的培养皿上,置于恒温培养箱中黑暗培养7 d,每个处理重复3次[18]
(5)光照周期对病原菌菌丝生长的影响。将5 mm的菌饼接在PDA培养基中央,分别置于28 ℃恒温培养箱中进行24 h持续光照、L/D=12 h/12 h光暗交替和24 h持续黑暗培养7 d,每个处理重复3次[19]
(6)菌丝致死温度测定。将5 mm的菌饼接入装有1 mL无菌水的离心管中,分别于40、45、50、55、60、65 ℃的恒温水浴锅中持续处理10 min(提前预热1 min),计时结束后立即置于常温水中冷却至室温,随后将处理的菌饼接种于无菌PDA培养基中央,于28 ℃恒温培养箱中黑暗培养7 d,每个处理3次重复[20]
采用菌丝生长速率法测定9种药剂对菌株HZGA75菌丝生长的抑制效果。经初筛得出各药剂的试验终浓度(表1)。将不同浓度的药剂溶液加入PDA培养基中充分混匀,制作表1浓度的含药平板,以添加相同体积无菌水的PDA平板作为对照,每个处理设3次重复。接菌后将平板置于28 ℃恒温培养箱中黑暗培养,7 d后用十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算各药剂不同剂量处理对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制率,并求出各药剂对病原菌的抑制中浓度(EC50[21]
抑制率=(对照菌落直径–处理菌落直径)/(对照菌落直径–菌饼直径)×100%。
试验数据使用Excel 2010和SPSS Statistics 26软件进行处理分析。
菌株HZGA75在8种供试培养基上均可生长,在CMA、CDA两种培养基上生长最快,二者间无显著差异,但显著优于其他6种培养基;在CDA培养基上培养7 d后菌落直径达到60.50 mm;在WA培养基上生长最慢,其次是TomA培养基(图1)。
菌株HZGA75在10~30 ℃范围内均可生长且差异显著;在5 ℃和35 ℃下菌株菌丝均不生长;在温度为28 ℃时菌丝生长最快,显著高于其他温度处理,培养7 d后菌落直径分别达到43.83 mm(图2)。因此28 ℃为该病原菌菌丝生长的最适温度。
菌株HZGA75对酸碱度的适应范围广,在pH为4~11范围内均可生长(图3)。在pH为5时的菌落直径显著大于其他处理,培养7 d后分别达到38.33 mm。在pH为4时菌落直径与其他处理有显著差异,培养7 d后仅达到18.50 mm。
菌株HZGA75在8种不同的碳、氮源培养基上均可生长。在供试碳源中,菌株HZGA75对可溶性淀粉的利用效果最佳,培养7 d后菌落直径达66.33 mm;在以甘露醇为碳源的培养基上菌落直径均明显小于对照,但是对照的菌落菌丝生长极为稀疏(图4)。
在供试氮源中,菌株HZGA75对蛋白胨的利用效果最佳,其生长速度显著高于其他氮源处理,培养7 d后菌落直径分别为64.83 mm(图5)。
光照处理对病原菌菌丝生长有显著性影响。菌株HZGA75在持续光照培养条件下生长最快,培养7 d后菌落直径可达47.16 mm,其次是在光暗交替的条件下;在连续黑暗处理下最慢,培养7 d后菌落直径分别为35.00 mm(图6)。
菌株HZGA75在45 ℃处理后菌丝均能生长,在50 ℃处理下则未生长。再以45 ℃为起始温度,1 ℃为梯度进行逐渐升温水浴处理,结果显示经≥49 ℃的温度水浴10 min处理后菌丝在培养基上不再生长,因此推断病原菌菌丝的致死温度为49 ℃水浴10 min。
表2可知,9种杀菌剂对菌株HZGA75菌丝生长表现出不同的抑制作用,其中50%啶酰菌胺WG的抑制效果最好,EC50为0.025 mg/L;其余依次为50%咯菌腈FS、500 g/L异菌脲SC、450 g/L咪鲜胺EW、80%代森锰锌WP、10%苯醚甲环唑ME、25%吡唑醚菌酯SC和40%腈菌唑SC,EC50分别为0.084 mg/L、0.217 mg/L、1.354 mg/L、6.565 mg/L、9.576 mg/L、34.237 mg/L和38.804 mg/L;430 g/L戊唑醇SC的抑制效果较差,EC50为42.574 mg/L。
Cumuliphoma是VALENZUELA-LOPEZ等[10]通过系统发育分析新建立的属,该属真菌可存在于土壤、植物以及人类呼吸道中。目前,有关C. indica引起植物病害方面的报道除本课题组报道的烟草叶部病害外[9],关于其生物学特性和防治方面的研究未见报道。本研究对已分离鉴定的病原菌菌株HZGA75进行了生物学特性测定及有效杀菌剂的筛选。其生物学特性研究结果表明,病原菌可在10~30 ℃的温度范围内生长,28 ℃时病原菌菌丝生长最快,菌丝最低致死温度为49 ℃水浴10 min,此结果与VALENZUELA-LOPEZ等的研究结果存在差异,同时与同属真菌C. omnivirens的生物学特性存在较大差异,导致该差异的原因可能与不同寄主、地域以及物种进化有关。供试菌株对酸碱度的适应性较广,在pH为4~11的范围内菌丝均可生长,pH为5时病原菌菌丝生长最快,其次是pH为6,说明弱酸性的环境更适于该菌菌丝生长。供试菌株可利用多种碳、氮源,在供试的8种碳源和8种氮源的培养基上均可生长,病原菌最适碳源为可溶性淀粉,最适氮源均为蛋白胨。由于本研究的供试菌株HZGA75分离自广西壮族自治区贺州市,该地区属于中亚热带季风气候区,具有雨热同季、高温高湿的气候条件[22],适宜该病原菌的生长。同时贺州市大部分地区土壤偏酸性[23],且前人研究分离的C. indica菌株可来自于土壤[11],推测土壤可作为该病原菌生存的重要场所,在条件适宜的情况下可对烟草叶片进行侵染,该病原菌引起的烟草叶斑病在贺州市烟区存在一定的潜在危害。针对该病原菌引起的病害,在生产上应加强田间管理以及水肥合理管控来预防病害的暴发流行。
现阶段化学防治仍是烟草叶部病害防治中最有效的方法。鉴于C. indica较难培养产孢,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法测定了9种化学药剂对病原菌菌丝生长的影响,结果表明50%啶酰菌胺WG对病原菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最佳,EC50为0.025 mg/L,其次为50%咯菌腈FS,EC50为0.084 mg/L。已有研究表明啶酰菌胺对烟草生产中出现的赤星病、灰霉病、Didymella segeticola叶斑病、烟叶霉烂病等叶部病害的病原菌均有较好的抑制效果和病害防效[24-27]。为此,在生产上可选用50%啶酰菌胺WG对C. indica叶斑病进行防治。
  • 中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司项目(202145000024006)
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2024年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.020
  • 接收时间:2022-12-08
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-08
  • 修回日期:2023-03-17
基金
中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司项目(202145000024006)
作者信息
    1.贵州大学烟草学院/贵州省烟草品质重点实验室,贵州贵阳 550025
    2.中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技处,广西南宁 530022

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* 桑维钧(SANG Weijun),E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.020
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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