Article(id=1276213439462773240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1665936000000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-17, revisedDate=1666886400000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782202594867, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782202594867, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782202594867, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782202594867, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276213295170323272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='653', pageEnd='871', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1713974400000', pubDateStr='2024-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782202560465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782203706550, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=825, endPage=836, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276213439739597306, articleId=1276213439462773240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Genetic Diversity Analysis of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Germplasm Resources Based on Plant Traits and Volatile Components, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the phenotypic traits and chemotypes of different Ocimum basilicum germplasm resources, to provide theoretical reference for the innovative utilization of basil germplasm resources and variety selection. The botanical traits of 15 basil germplasm resources and the volatile components of the leaves investigated and determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), together with the relative odour activity values (ROAV). At the same time, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on the tested germplasms. The 15 basil germplasms differed significantly in plant height, plant width, leaf length, leaf width and stem thickness, except for the number of branches. 104 volatile compounds were identified, including 37 alkanes, 32 terpenes, 8 esters, 5 phenols, 4 alcohols, 3 aldehydes, 1 ether, and 14 other compounds, of which there are two types of common components, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and heptadecane. According to the ROAV values obtained from the enquiries and calculations, the key aroma substances were found to be eugenol, linalool, eucalyptol, cis-citral, methyl cinnamate, 4-allyl anisole, etc. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the volatile substances the germplasms could be classified into five groups, namely, Thai basil, Anise basil, Siam queen basil and Sweet basil were grouped together, Jiu Cengta basil, Genovese basil, Red rubin basil, Purple dark opal basil and Purple ruffles basil were grouped together, Clove basil and Lemon basil were grouped together, Tuscany basil, Pluto basil and Italian large leaf basil were grouped together, Cinnamon basil was grouped one category. The phenotypic trait cluster analysis also classified basil into five groups, with Pluto basil into a group, Clove basil, Anise basil and Purple dark opal basil into a group, Thai basil into a group, Italian large leaf basill and Cinnamon basil into a group. The remaining eight germplasm were clustered into a group. The 15 germplasms have significant differences in botanical characters and volatile components, and are rich in genetic diversity, which could be targeted for breeding of basil-specific germplasms.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yajiao ZHANG, Fulai YU, Chao YUAN, Xiaolu CHEN, Xiaoli XIE, Kai WANG, Mei HUANG, Zhenxia CHEN, Lingliang GUAN, Songbi CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lingliang GUAN, Songbi CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276213442709164552, articleId=1276213439462773240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=基于植物性状和挥发性成分的罗勒种质资源遗传多样性分析, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

分析不同罗勒种质资源表型性状与化学型的遗传多样性,为罗勒种质资源创新利用和品种选育提供理论参考。调查测定15份罗勒种质资源植物学性状,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)测定其叶片挥发性成分,并结合相对气味活度值(ROAV)探究不同罗勒种质关键香气化合物,并且对供试罗勒种质进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明:除分枝数外,15份罗勒种质的株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽及茎粗差异显著。通过GC-MS技术从15份罗勒种质中共鉴定出104种挥发性成分,包括烷烃类37种,萜烯类32种,酯类8种,酚类5种,醇类4种,醛类3种,醚类1种,其他14种,其中共有成分有2种,即2,4-二叔丁基酚和十七烷。根据查询并计算ROAV值,发现关键香气物质有丁香酚、芳樟醇、桉叶油醇、顺式-柠檬醛、肉桂酸甲酯、4-烯丙基苯甲醚等。挥发性物质主成分分析和聚类分析将罗勒分为5类,泰国罗勒、茴香罗勒、暹罗皇后罗勒和甜罗勒聚为一类;九层塔罗勒、热那亚罗勒、红鲁宾罗勒、紫黑蛋白石罗勒和紫夜罗勒聚为一类;柠檬罗勒和丁香罗勒聚为一类;托斯卡纳罗勒、冥王星罗勒和大叶罗勒聚为一类;肉桂罗勒单独聚为一类。而植物学表型性状聚类分析也将罗勒分为5类,冥王星罗勒聚为一类,丁香罗勒、茴香罗勒和紫黑蛋白石罗勒聚为一类,泰国罗勒单独聚为一类,大叶罗勒和肉桂罗勒单独聚为一类,其余8份种质聚为一类。15份罗勒种质植物学性状和挥发性成分差异显著,遗传多样性丰富,可针对性的进行罗勒特异种质的选育。

, authors=

张亚娇(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物种质资源评价及次生代谢调控。

, authorsList=张亚娇, 于福来, 元超, 陈晓鹭, 谢小丽, 王凯, 黄梅, 陈振夏, 官玲亮, 陈松笔, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=官玲亮, 陈松笔, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 陈松笔(CHEN Songbi),E-mail:
官玲亮(GUAN Lingliang),E-mail:
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张亚娇(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物种质资源评价及次生代谢调控。

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张亚娇(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物种质资源评价及次生代谢调控。

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Analysis of volatile components and key aroma components in congou black tea of different tea varieties[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2023, 39(1): 281-290. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of volatile components and key aroma components in congou black tea of different tea varieties, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466600798716489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=176, pageEnd=181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=33, authorNames=王永瑞, 张雪艳, 肖何, 姬华, journalName=中国食品添加剂, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王永瑞, 张雪艳, 肖何, 姬华. HS-SPME-GC-MS结合ROAV法对新疆刺槐花香气成分的研究[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2018(7): 176-181., articleTitle=HS-SPME-GC-MS结合ROAV法对新疆刺槐花香气成分的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466600874213962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=7, pageStart=176, pageEnd=181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=34, authorNames=WANG Y R, ZHANG X Y, XIAO H, JI H, journalName=China Food Additives, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y R, ZHANG X Y, XIAO H, JI H. Analysis of aroma components in Sophora japonica L. of Xinjiang by HS-SPME-GC-MS and ROAV[J]. China Food Additives, 2018(7): 176-181. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Analysis of aroma components in Sophora japonica L. of Xinjiang by HS-SPME-GC-MS and ROAV, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276466597510382118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, awardId=31870317, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(31870317), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276466597590073895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, awardId=2019RC316; 820MS102, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(2019RC316; 820MS102), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276466580812857808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276466580821246417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, companyId=1276466580812857808, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276466580829635026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, companyId=1276466580812857808, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276466580892549587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276466580900938196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, companyId=1276466580892549587, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of 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articleId=1276213439462773240, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同罗勒种质挥发性成分(A)及植物学性状(B)聚类分析, figureFileSmall=OrDswHpuO9dv2v7zI6asfw==, figureFileBig=NRdLsn6IbN/T6fEprbJuaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466596633772572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Germplasms information of O. basilicum

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.拉丁学名Latin name英文名English name中文名Chinese name
1O. basilicumJiucengta basil九层塔罗勒
2O. basilicum var. cinnamonCinnamon basil肉桂罗勒
3O. basilicum var. majusItalian large leaf basil大叶罗勒
4O. basilicum var. genovese giganteGenovese basil热那亚罗勒
5Ocimum × citriodorumLemon basil柠檬罗勒
6O. basilicumSweet basil甜罗勒
7O. basilicum var. thyrsifloraThai basil泰国罗勒
8O. basilicum var. tuscan greenTuscny basil托斯卡纳罗勒
9O. basilicum var. red rubinRed rubin basil红鲁宾罗勒
10O. basilicum var. purpureum dark opalPurple dark opal basil紫黑蛋白石罗勒
11O. gratissimumClove scented basil丁香罗勒
12O. basilicum var. plutoPluto basil冥王星罗勒
13O. basilicum var. siam queenSiam queen basil暹罗皇后罗勒
14O. basilicum var. purple rufflesPurple ruffles basil紫夜罗勒
15O. basilicum var. aniseAnise basil茴香罗勒
), ArticleFig(id=1276466596709270045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

罗勒种质信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.拉丁学名Latin name英文名English name中文名Chinese name
1O. basilicumJiucengta basil九层塔罗勒
2O. basilicum var. cinnamonCinnamon basil肉桂罗勒
3O. basilicum var. majusItalian large leaf basil大叶罗勒
4O. basilicum var. genovese giganteGenovese basil热那亚罗勒
5Ocimum × citriodorumLemon basil柠檬罗勒
6O. basilicumSweet basil甜罗勒
7O. basilicum var. thyrsifloraThai basil泰国罗勒
8O. basilicum var. tuscan greenTuscny basil托斯卡纳罗勒
9O. basilicum var. red rubinRed rubin basil红鲁宾罗勒
10O. basilicum var. purpureum dark opalPurple dark opal basil紫黑蛋白石罗勒
11O. gratissimumClove scented basil丁香罗勒
12O. basilicum var. plutoPluto basil冥王星罗勒
13O. basilicum var. siam queenSiam queen basil暹罗皇后罗勒
14O. basilicum var. purple rufflesPurple ruffles basil紫夜罗勒
15O. basilicum var. aniseAnise basil茴香罗勒
), ArticleFig(id=1276466596780573214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Botanical traits of different O. basilicum germplasms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种质Germplasm株高Plant height/cm株幅Plant amplitude/cm分枝数Branch number叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm茎粗Stem thickness/mm叶片形状Blade shape叶片颜色Leaf color叶脉颜色Leaf vein color叶片平整度Blade flatness花冠颜色Corolla color
九层塔罗勒47.2±8.04bcd16.2±3.03def15.8±3.56abc9.5±1.66bc5.9±1.49bc5.1±0.63bcd卵状披针形绿色绿色向下卷曲浅粉色
肉桂罗勒56.0±2.74a20.2±6.30bcde19.2±4.15ab5.8±0.66fg3.3±0.22ef4.3±0.52de卵形绿色绿色平整紫色
大叶罗勒56.2±7.19a14.0±4.64ef19.0±4.36ab9.7±1.59b6.4±1.31b4.4±0.74de椭圆形绿色绿色向下卷曲白色
热那亚罗勒50.8±8.82abc19.4±4.83cde18.4±4.34abc8.2±1.13cd5.5±0.71bcd4.9±0.96bcde卵形绿色绿色向下卷曲白色
柠檬罗勒44.6±2.30cd22.4±8.91bcd13.8±3.63c5.0±0.78gh2.5±0.79fg3.2±0.40g卵状披针形翠绿色绿色平整白色
甜罗勒51.4±6.91abc18.0±7.14def20.0±2.83a7.8±1.82de5.1±1.34cd5.1±0.55bcd卵状披针形绿色绿色向下卷曲白色
泰国罗勒50.6±1.34abcd11.4±1.34f16.2±2.68abc4.5±0.27gh2.0±0.16g3.2±0.27g卵形绿色绿色平整紫色
托斯卡纳罗勒48.8±2.17bcd19.4±2.51cde16.0±0.71abc11.7±1.51a10.2±2.18a5.7±0.81ab近心形翠绿色绿色皱缩白色
红鲁宾罗勒45.8±3.27cd22.6±5.68bcd19.4±0.89a5.6±0.80fg3.5±0.32ef5.4±0.91bc卵形绿色紫色平整浅粉色
紫黑蛋白石罗勒48.2±1.79bcd31.6±3.36a19.2±2.28ab6.5±0.30ef4.5±0.18de6.3±0.25a卵圆形绿色紫色平整粉色
丁香罗勒53.6±6.54ab26.6±9.56abc14.6±2.41abc4.6±0.44gh1.6±0.27g4.1±0.99ef卵状披针形翠绿色绿色平整粉色
冥王星罗勒30.2±1.79e27.6±1.95ab14.2±2.59c2.1±0.26i1.4±0.23g5.5±0.35bc卵形绿色绿色平整白色
暹罗皇后罗勒47.2±5.89bcd20.2±5.59bcde18.4±4.93abc6.5±0.83ef3.5±0.60ef3.4±0.46fg卵状披针形绿色绿色平整粉色
紫夜罗勒43.4±1.14d20.8±3.70bcde16.2±2.59abc5.6±0.95fg3.6±0.54ef5.0±0.27bcd卵形绿色紫色平整紫色
茴香罗勒49.4±3.21abcd32.2±2.28a16.6±1.14abc4.0±0.13h1.9±0.32g4.7±0.34cde卵状披针形绿色绿色平整浅粉色
), ArticleFig(id=1276466596856070687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同罗勒种质植物学性状

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种质Germplasm株高Plant height/cm株幅Plant amplitude/cm分枝数Branch number叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm茎粗Stem thickness/mm叶片形状Blade shape叶片颜色Leaf color叶脉颜色Leaf vein color叶片平整度Blade flatness花冠颜色Corolla color
九层塔罗勒47.2±8.04bcd16.2±3.03def15.8±3.56abc9.5±1.66bc5.9±1.49bc5.1±0.63bcd卵状披针形绿色绿色向下卷曲浅粉色
肉桂罗勒56.0±2.74a20.2±6.30bcde19.2±4.15ab5.8±0.66fg3.3±0.22ef4.3±0.52de卵形绿色绿色平整紫色
大叶罗勒56.2±7.19a14.0±4.64ef19.0±4.36ab9.7±1.59b6.4±1.31b4.4±0.74de椭圆形绿色绿色向下卷曲白色
热那亚罗勒50.8±8.82abc19.4±4.83cde18.4±4.34abc8.2±1.13cd5.5±0.71bcd4.9±0.96bcde卵形绿色绿色向下卷曲白色
柠檬罗勒44.6±2.30cd22.4±8.91bcd13.8±3.63c5.0±0.78gh2.5±0.79fg3.2±0.40g卵状披针形翠绿色绿色平整白色
甜罗勒51.4±6.91abc18.0±7.14def20.0±2.83a7.8±1.82de5.1±1.34cd5.1±0.55bcd卵状披针形绿色绿色向下卷曲白色
泰国罗勒50.6±1.34abcd11.4±1.34f16.2±2.68abc4.5±0.27gh2.0±0.16g3.2±0.27g卵形绿色绿色平整紫色
托斯卡纳罗勒48.8±2.17bcd19.4±2.51cde16.0±0.71abc11.7±1.51a10.2±2.18a5.7±0.81ab近心形翠绿色绿色皱缩白色
红鲁宾罗勒45.8±3.27cd22.6±5.68bcd19.4±0.89a5.6±0.80fg3.5±0.32ef5.4±0.91bc卵形绿色紫色平整浅粉色
紫黑蛋白石罗勒48.2±1.79bcd31.6±3.36a19.2±2.28ab6.5±0.30ef4.5±0.18de6.3±0.25a卵圆形绿色紫色平整粉色
丁香罗勒53.6±6.54ab26.6±9.56abc14.6±2.41abc4.6±0.44gh1.6±0.27g4.1±0.99ef卵状披针形翠绿色绿色平整粉色
冥王星罗勒30.2±1.79e27.6±1.95ab14.2±2.59c2.1±0.26i1.4±0.23g5.5±0.35bc卵形绿色绿色平整白色
暹罗皇后罗勒47.2±5.89bcd20.2±5.59bcde18.4±4.93abc6.5±0.83ef3.5±0.60ef3.4±0.46fg卵状披针形绿色绿色平整粉色
紫夜罗勒43.4±1.14d20.8±3.70bcde16.2±2.59abc5.6±0.95fg3.6±0.54ef5.0±0.27bcd卵形绿色紫色平整紫色
茴香罗勒49.4±3.21abcd32.2±2.28a16.6±1.14abc4.0±0.13h1.9±0.32g4.7±0.34cde卵状披针形绿色绿色平整浅粉色
), ArticleFig(id=1276466596944151072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Volatile components and relative content of leaves of different 15 O. basilicum germplasms

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), ArticleFig(id=1276466597011259937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

15份罗勒种质叶片挥发性成分及相对含量

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), ArticleFig(id=1276466597074174498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

ROAV values for volatiles from 15 O. basilicum germplasms

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), ArticleFig(id=1276466597195809315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

15份罗勒种质挥发性物质的ROAV值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1276466597271306788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Eigenvalues and variance contribution of principal components

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主成分Principal components特征值Eigenvalue方差贡献率Variance contribution rate/%累计方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate/%
11175.8452.8352.83
2414.2918.6171.44
3302.7113.6085.04
), ArticleFig(id=1276466597367775781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213439462773240, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

主成分特征值及方差贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分Principal components特征值Eigenvalue方差贡献率Variance contribution rate/%累计方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate/%
11175.8452.8352.83
2414.2918.6171.44
3302.7113.6085.04
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基于植物性状和挥发性成分的罗勒种质资源遗传多样性分析
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张亚娇 1 , 于福来 2 , 元超 2 , 陈晓鹭 2 , 谢小丽 2 , 王凯 2 , 黄梅 2 , 陈振夏 2 , 官玲亮 2, * , 陈松笔 2, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(4): 825-836
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (4) : 825 -836
基于植物性状和挥发性成分的罗勒种质资源遗传多样性分析
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张亚娇(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物种质资源评价及次生代谢调控。

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张亚娇(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:药用植物种质资源评价及次生代谢调控。

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张亚娇1, 于福来2, 元超2, 陈晓鹭2, 谢小丽2, 王凯2, 黄梅2, 陈振夏2, 官玲亮2, * , 陈松笔2, *
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163000
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室(试运行)/海南省热带药用植物工程研究中心,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 陈松笔(CHEN Songbi),E-mail:
官玲亮(GUAN Lingliang),E-mail:
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Germplasm Resources Based on Plant Traits and Volatile Components
Yajiao ZHANG1, Fulai YU2, Chao YUAN2, Xiaolu CHEN2, Xiaoli XIE2, Kai WANG2, Mei HUANG2, Zhenxia CHEN2, Lingliang GUAN2, * , Songbi CHEN2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China
  • 2.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Trial operation) / Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Medicinal Plants, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.018
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分析不同罗勒种质资源表型性状与化学型的遗传多样性,为罗勒种质资源创新利用和品种选育提供理论参考。调查测定15份罗勒种质资源植物学性状,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)测定其叶片挥发性成分,并结合相对气味活度值(ROAV)探究不同罗勒种质关键香气化合物,并且对供试罗勒种质进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明:除分枝数外,15份罗勒种质的株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽及茎粗差异显著。通过GC-MS技术从15份罗勒种质中共鉴定出104种挥发性成分,包括烷烃类37种,萜烯类32种,酯类8种,酚类5种,醇类4种,醛类3种,醚类1种,其他14种,其中共有成分有2种,即2,4-二叔丁基酚和十七烷。根据查询并计算ROAV值,发现关键香气物质有丁香酚、芳樟醇、桉叶油醇、顺式-柠檬醛、肉桂酸甲酯、4-烯丙基苯甲醚等。挥发性物质主成分分析和聚类分析将罗勒分为5类,泰国罗勒、茴香罗勒、暹罗皇后罗勒和甜罗勒聚为一类;九层塔罗勒、热那亚罗勒、红鲁宾罗勒、紫黑蛋白石罗勒和紫夜罗勒聚为一类;柠檬罗勒和丁香罗勒聚为一类;托斯卡纳罗勒、冥王星罗勒和大叶罗勒聚为一类;肉桂罗勒单独聚为一类。而植物学表型性状聚类分析也将罗勒分为5类,冥王星罗勒聚为一类,丁香罗勒、茴香罗勒和紫黑蛋白石罗勒聚为一类,泰国罗勒单独聚为一类,大叶罗勒和肉桂罗勒单独聚为一类,其余8份种质聚为一类。15份罗勒种质植物学性状和挥发性成分差异显著,遗传多样性丰富,可针对性的进行罗勒特异种质的选育。

罗勒  /  植物学性状  /  挥发性成分  /  主成分分析  /  聚类分析

The study was aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the phenotypic traits and chemotypes of different Ocimum basilicum germplasm resources, to provide theoretical reference for the innovative utilization of basil germplasm resources and variety selection. The botanical traits of 15 basil germplasm resources and the volatile components of the leaves investigated and determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), together with the relative odour activity values (ROAV). At the same time, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on the tested germplasms. The 15 basil germplasms differed significantly in plant height, plant width, leaf length, leaf width and stem thickness, except for the number of branches. 104 volatile compounds were identified, including 37 alkanes, 32 terpenes, 8 esters, 5 phenols, 4 alcohols, 3 aldehydes, 1 ether, and 14 other compounds, of which there are two types of common components, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and heptadecane. According to the ROAV values obtained from the enquiries and calculations, the key aroma substances were found to be eugenol, linalool, eucalyptol, cis-citral, methyl cinnamate, 4-allyl anisole, etc. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the volatile substances the germplasms could be classified into five groups, namely, Thai basil, Anise basil, Siam queen basil and Sweet basil were grouped together, Jiu Cengta basil, Genovese basil, Red rubin basil, Purple dark opal basil and Purple ruffles basil were grouped together, Clove basil and Lemon basil were grouped together, Tuscany basil, Pluto basil and Italian large leaf basil were grouped together, Cinnamon basil was grouped one category. The phenotypic trait cluster analysis also classified basil into five groups, with Pluto basil into a group, Clove basil, Anise basil and Purple dark opal basil into a group, Thai basil into a group, Italian large leaf basill and Cinnamon basil into a group. The remaining eight germplasm were clustered into a group. The 15 germplasms have significant differences in botanical characters and volatile components, and are rich in genetic diversity, which could be targeted for breeding of basil-specific germplasms.

Ocimum basilicum  /  botanical traits  /  volatile components  /  principal component analysis  /  cluster analysis
张亚娇, 于福来, 元超, 陈晓鹭, 谢小丽, 王凯, 黄梅, 陈振夏, 官玲亮, 陈松笔. 基于植物性状和挥发性成分的罗勒种质资源遗传多样性分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (4) : 825 -836 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.018
Yajiao ZHANG, Fulai YU, Chao YUAN, Xiaolu CHEN, Xiaoli XIE, Kai WANG, Mei HUANG, Zhenxia CHEN, Lingliang GUAN, Songbi CHEN. Genetic Diversity Analysis of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Germplasm Resources Based on Plant Traits and Volatile Components[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (4) : 825 -836 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.018
罗勒(Ocimum basilicum)为唇形科罗勒属植物,全世界约有65~150种[1-2],广泛分布于热带与亚热带地区。罗勒不仅作为一种天然的香辛料,还可作为传统药物具有疏风解表、化湿和中、强心安神、行气活血、解毒消肿、散瘀止痛等功效[3],享有“药草女王”之称[4]。由于罗勒属植物易发生种间杂交和多倍体化,使罗勒属的分类学极其复杂,常出现同名异物或同物异名的现象,造成罗勒资源无法得到有效利用,使罗勒种质和新品种选育较困难。因此,对罗勒种质进行遗传多样性分析,将对罗勒种质资源的挖掘与创新以及提高育种效率具有重要意义。
目前,关于罗勒属植物的分类大多数是基于叶、花及颜色等形态特征进行分类,而形态特征的表达往往受植株发育及环境条件的影响,PATEL等[5]对印度南北2种不同农业气候条件下的不同罗勒品种的表型性状和产量进行比较试验,发现不同罗勒品种表型性状以及精油产量差异显著,证实了罗勒属具有基因型响应环境变化而改变性状表达的能力。为了便于分类,LAWRENCE[6]以及GRAYER等[7]提出了一种基于挥发油的标准化描述系统,根据占主导地位的挥发性芳香化合物或含量大于20%的组分,对罗勒进行了“化学型”分类。TANGPAO等[8]采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取泰国5种常见罗勒精油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)得出其主要成分为芳樟醇、丁香酚和甲基丁香酚,并将其气味特征分为柑橘类和香料类。TELCI等[9]同样采用以上方法和技术对土耳其18个罗勒品种进行研究,发现其主要成分为芳樟醇、肉桂酸甲酯、甲基丁香酚、柠檬醛、甲基胡椒酚。宋佳昱等[10]从我国绿罗勒、莴苣罗勒和大叶罗勒的精油中分别鉴定出40、26、36种成分,其中绿罗勒和大叶罗勒的主要成分为芳樟醇(68.07%、66.93%),莴苣罗勒的主要成分为桉树脑(56.29%)。以上研究表明罗勒的挥发性成分在不同基因资源间存在显著差异,同时也有部分受到环境影响。目前对于罗勒种质资源遗传多样性分析大多是针对单一表型性状或是挥发性成分进行单独分析,鲜有将二者结合起来的研究报道,这导致了资源评价及鉴定的不确定性。
本研究在对收集的15份罗勒种质资源进行植物学性状考察的基础上,通过GC-MS技术对其叶片的挥发性成分进行检测,同时结合相对气味活度值(ROAV)分析并确定不同罗勒种质的关键特征挥发性物质,即“化学型”,以期从外观性状和理化特征的层面对罗勒资源的遗传多样性进行分析,为罗勒种质资源评价体系的建立奠定基础,也为罗勒属的分类鉴别及特异种质选育提供参考。
供试种质栽培于中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所南药圃,种质信息见表1
主要仪器及试剂:电子游标卡尺、钢尺、气相色谱-质谱联用仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司)、HP-5MS色谱柱、超声波清洗仪、分析天平、研钵、离心机,无水硫酸钠、正己烷。
于2022年6月晴天上午10:00—12:00选取同时播种、水肥管理条件一致、无病虫害的15份罗勒种质,每份种质选取3株,观测并记录其地上部主要性状(包括株高、株幅、分枝数、叶长、叶宽、茎粗、叶片形状、叶脉颜色及叶片平整度)。叶片均选择长势良好、无病虫害的成熟叶片进行采集,采后立即放入冰盒中,备用。
将采集的新鲜叶片用蒸馏水清洗并擦拭干净,称取1.00 g叶片剪碎,冰浴充分研磨,转入50 mL离心管中,准确加入25 mL正己烷,超声30 min(50 ℃,70 w),并加入适量无水硫酸钠过夜以除去水分,10 000 r/min离心5 min,吸取1.5 mL上清液,过滤转移至色谱瓶中用于GC-MS分析。
色谱条件:色谱柱HP-5MS弹性石英毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),载气为高纯氦气,载气流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为1 μL,进样口温度为220 ℃,进样方式为不分流进样。升温程序:以60 ℃为起始温度,保持5 min,6 ℃/min升至240 ℃,保持5 min。质谱条件:EI源,溶剂延迟5 min,离子源温度为230 ℃,扫描范围45~500 amu。
参照刘登勇等[11]的方法,结合香气阈值,使用相对气味活度值(ROVA)确定罗勒的关键香气化合物。ROAV值计算公式为:ROAVi=[(Ci/Cmax)×(Tmax/Ti)]×100。式中,ROAVi为罗勒各挥发性化合物的相对气味活度值;Ci为罗勒各挥发性化合物的相对百分含量;Cmax为罗勒整体香气贡献最大挥发性化合物的相对百分含量;Ti为各挥发性成分对应的香气阈值;Tmax为罗勒总体香气贡献最大对应的香气阈值。所有化合物的ROAV≤100,其中,1≤ROAV≤100的化合物为关键香气化合物,0.1≤ROAV<1为重要修饰关键香气化合物。
采用SPSS 21.0和Excel 2010软件对罗勒植物学性状进行整理及单因素方差分析(ANOVA)。将得到的质谱图通过NIST数据库比对确定化合物(匹配度≥80%),按照气相色谱峰面积归一化法计算各挥发性成分的相对含量,采用Origin 21和SPSS 21.0软件进行主成分分析及聚类分析[12-13]
形态学研究是利用物种表型特征作为研究生物遗传多样性的方法之一,具有操作简单、观测直接等特点[14]。从表2可以看出,不同罗勒种质的株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽及茎粗差异较大,15份罗勒种质的株高分布范围为(30.2±1.79)~(56.2±7.19)cm。其中,肉桂罗勒和大叶罗勒显著高于九层塔罗勒、柠檬罗勒、托斯卡纳罗勒等种质。株幅范围在(11.4±1.34)~(32.2±2.28)cm之间,紫黑蛋白石罗勒和茴香罗勒显著大于热那亚罗勒、甜罗勒、泰国罗勒等种质。不同罗勒种质叶片的长、宽差异较大,叶长范围为(2.1±0.26)~(11.7±1.51)cm,叶宽在(1.4±0.23)~(10.2±2.18)cm之间,其中,托斯卡纳罗勒的叶长和叶宽均显著高于其他种质。茎粗范围在(3.2±0.27)~(6.3±0.25)mm之间,紫黑蛋白石罗勒的茎粗值最大。不同罗勒种质的分枝数差异较小,仅甜罗勒和红鲁宾罗勒的分枝数显著大于冥王星罗勒和柠檬罗勒。
通过GC-MS联用技术对15份罗勒种质的挥发性成分进行检测与分析,结果显示:15份罗勒种质共检测出104种化合物(图1),采用峰面积归一化法计算各挥发性成分的相对含量(表3,表中仅体现含量在2.00%以上的化合物),发现不同罗勒种质叶片的挥发性成分及含量存在一定差异。就成分数量而言,大叶罗勒和热那亚罗勒的化合物数量最多,分别鉴定出36种和35种;而红鲁宾罗勒和紫黑蛋白石罗勒的化合物数量最少,分别鉴定出13种和14种。由此可见不同罗勒种质的化合物数量差异较大。
15份罗勒种质的挥发性成分中含有烷烃类37种,萜烯类物质32种,此外还包括酯类8种,酚类5种,醇类4种,醛类3种,醚类1种,其他类物质14种,相对含量占总挥发性成分的79.29%~96.39%。所有材料中共有挥发性成分有2种,分别为2,4-二叔丁基酚和正十七烷,相对含量分别为0.72%~8.26%、0.44%~5.11%。由图2可知,15份罗勒种质的不同类型化合物的相对含量存在差异,其中酚类化合物含量比较高的罗勒种质有九层塔罗勒、大叶罗勒、热那亚罗勒和红鲁宾罗勒,相对含量在43.97%~61.16%之间;醚类化合物含量较高的种质有甜罗勒、暹罗皇后罗勒、泰国罗勒和茴香罗勒,相对含量在51.55%~ 87.95%之间。萜烯类化合物含量较高的种质是托斯卡纳罗勒(39.87%)和紫夜罗勒(33.69%),醛类化合物含量较高的种质是柠檬罗勒(59.02%)和丁香罗勒(60.22%),紫黑蛋白石罗勒的醇类化合物含量(37.73%)最高,肉桂罗勒的酯类化合物含量(77.97%)最高,冥王星罗勒的烷烃类化合物含量(33.14%)最高。虽然萜烯类和烷烃类化合物种类数量多,但在罗勒种质中的相对含量不一定最高。
不同罗勒种质叶片的主要挥发性成分也存在一定差异。15份罗勒种质材料中,九层塔罗勒、热那亚罗勒、红鲁宾罗勒和紫黑蛋白石罗勒的丁香酚含量较高,相对含量分别为58.91%、44.80%、33.68%、28.35%。暹罗皇后罗勒、茴香罗勒、泰国罗勒、甜罗勒和托斯卡纳罗勒中的4-烯丙基苯甲醚含量较高,相对含量分别为87.16%、72.87%、71.34%、48.81%、28.24%。柠檬罗勒和丁香罗勒的柠檬醛含量较高,分别为31.05%和29.67%。肉桂罗勒中的肉桂酸甲酯含量最高,为68.19%。大叶罗勒中的2-甲氧基-5-丙-2-烯基苯酚含量最高,为38.11%。紫黑蛋白石罗勒中的芳樟醇含量最高,为30.11%。冥王星罗勒的甲基丁香酚含量最高,为18.15%(表3)。
为进一步确定不同罗勒种质的特征香气化合物,通过查阅相关文献参考各香气化合物阈值,并结合表3中共有组分的相对含量计算不同罗勒种质中的ROAV值。
表4可知,部分罗勒资源表现出相似的气味,如九层塔罗勒、热那亚罗勒、甜罗勒以及紫黑蛋白石罗勒的主体香气物质均为丁香酚、芳樟醇和桉叶油醇,赋予其花木香、甜香及樟脑气味,其中β-石竹烯和4-烯丙基苯甲醚对甜罗勒香气具有重要修饰作用。此外,红鲁宾罗勒和紫夜罗勒的主体香气物质为丁香酚和芳樟醇,赋予其花木香和甜香等气味,其中罗勒烯为紫夜罗勒的重要香气修饰物质;顺式-柠檬醛作为丁香罗勒和柠檬罗勒的主体香气物质,赋予其柠檬气味,且柠檬醛对其香气均有重要修饰作用。
也有一些罗勒种质具有特殊的气味,如芳樟醇和肉桂酸甲酯为肉桂罗勒中的主体香气物质;大叶罗勒的主体香气物质为芳樟醇、桉叶油醇、α-芹子烯和冰片,因此具有花木香、樟脑及丁香气味,β-石竹烯、2,4-二叔丁基酚等则对其香气具有重要修饰作用。此外,冥王星罗勒中以丁香酚、甲基丁香酚、萘以及桉叶油醇为主要香气物质,具有花木香、甜香及樟脑等气味,α-律草烯为主要香气修饰物质;暹罗皇后罗勒中以β-罗勒烯、甲基丁香酚、4-烯丙基苯甲醚等为主体香气物质,具有柑橘香、花木香以及青草香等气味,樟脑为重要香气修饰物质;顺式-柠檬醛、芳樟醇以及α-芹子烯作为茴香罗勒中的主体香气物质,具有柠檬香、花木香及丁香等气味。
利用Origin 2021软件对15份罗勒种质挥发性成分进行主成分分析,PC1、PC2、PC3的方差贡献率依次为52.83%、18.61%、13.60%,累计贡献率达85.04%(表5),说明这3个主成分可以解释挥发性成分的大部分信息,因此可用于鉴别不同罗勒种质挥发性成分的差异性。由图3可知,15份罗勒种质被大致划分为5类,其中九层塔罗勒、热那亚罗勒、紫黑蛋白石罗勒、红鲁宾罗勒以及紫夜罗勒划分为一类,并以丁香酚(B42)及芳樟醇(B34)为主要成分。第二类为甜罗勒、泰国罗勒、茴香罗勒及暹罗皇后罗勒,以4-烯丙基苯甲醚(B53)为主要成分。第三类为冥王星罗勒、大叶罗勒及托斯卡纳罗勒,以3,7,11-三甲基-1,3,6,10-十二碳-四烯(B23)、2-甲氧基-5-丙-2-烯基苯酚(B41)为主要成分。第四类为丁香罗勒及柠檬罗勒,以柠檬醛(B38)和顺式-柠檬醛(B37)为主要成分。第五类为肉桂罗勒,主要成分为肉桂酸甲酯(B45)。结果表明,不同罗勒种质的挥发性物质组成差异显著。
植物学性状和化学成分的组成一直是研究植物种质资源多样性的主要技术指标。由于罗勒的整体香气除含量外,还取决于单体成分的香气阈值,即使含量低的挥发性物质,如果香气阈值较低,也会对罗勒整体香气贡献较大,因此本研究对供试材料检测到的所有挥发性成分以及表型性状进行系统聚类分析(图4)。其中,基于挥发性成分的聚类分析表明(图4A),当欧氏距离为20时,可将15份种质分为3个大类,第Ⅰ类由泰国罗勒、茴香罗勒、暹罗皇后罗勒及甜罗勒组成,该类以4-烯丙基苯甲醚为主要化合物;肉桂罗勒单独聚为第Ⅲ类,该种质中肉桂酸甲酯含量最高,而其他罗勒种质中均不含该化合物;其余罗勒种质全部聚为第Ⅱ大类。当距离为10时,可进一步将第Ⅱ大类分为3个亚类,其中九层塔罗勒、热那亚罗勒、红鲁宾罗勒、紫夜罗勒和紫黑蛋白石罗勒聚为Ⅰ亚类,该组种质中的芳樟醇和丁香酚含量较高;柠檬罗勒和丁香罗勒聚为Ⅱ亚类该组种质中的柠檬醛含量较高;其余3份种质聚为Ⅲ亚类,这组种质中的烷烃类含量较高。该结果与主成分分析结果基本一致。
植物学表型性状聚类分析表明(图4B),当欧氏距离为10时,15份罗勒种质可分为3大类,第Ⅰ类为冥王星罗勒,该种质叶片小,植株矮小,显著小于其他罗勒种质;第Ⅱ类为丁香罗勒、茴香罗勒以及紫黑蛋白石罗勒,该组种质的株高、株幅及分枝数较高,但叶长和叶宽较小;其余11份种质聚为第Ⅲ类。当距离为5时,可将第Ⅲ大类进一步分为3个亚类,泰国罗勒聚为Ⅰ亚类,该种质株幅、叶长、叶宽及茎粗均较小;大叶罗勒和肉桂罗勒被聚为Ⅱ亚类,该组种质的株高显著高于其他种质;其余8份种质被聚为Ⅲ亚类,该组种质的植物学性状整体介于泰国罗勒、大叶罗勒以及肉桂罗勒之间。结果表明,不同罗勒资源间存在丰富的遗传多样性,可以通过植物学性状和活性成分将其进行区分。但由于分类的角度不同,聚类的结果有所差异,外观性状相似的品种,其活性成分也可能会存在较大差异。因此,通过外观性状作为指标较难筛选特殊活性成分的罗勒种质。
罗勒分布范围广,应用历史悠久,经过几个世纪的人工栽培,由于种间杂交和多倍体育种等引起了遗传结构的改变,并且随着特定地区物候因子的变化,使罗勒在颜色、叶片形状和大小等表型性状上的多样性愈加明显[16]。本研究通过调查15份罗勒种质的主要植物学性状,发现不同罗勒种质的株高、株幅、叶长、叶宽及茎粗存在显著差异,这与ERUM等[17]和PATEL等[5]的研究结果一致。本研究中供试材料的叶片形状大多为卵状披针形或卵形,颜色有绿色和翠绿色。红鲁宾罗勒、紫黑蛋白石罗勒和紫夜罗勒的叶脉颜色为紫色,极具观赏价值。此外,托斯卡纳罗勒的叶片表现出明显的褶皱。由此可以看出,供试罗勒种质的植物学性状存在明显的遗传多样性,可以通过自交或杂交手段获得一批药、食、观赏为一体的罗勒品系。
罗勒活性物质的组成受基因型和环境共同作用。RODRIGUES等[18]检测出巴西甜罗勒的挥发性成分主要为4-烯丙基苯甲醚(60.96%)和芳樟醇(27.27%),与本研究结果基本一致,但引种后其含量略有减少,分别为48.81%和11.59%。BEATOVIC等[19]研究发现,在塞尔维亚种植的暹罗皇后罗勒的主要挥发性成分为4-烯丙基苯甲醚(83.60%),引种后其主要成分种类未发生改变,而含量有所增加,达87.16%,说明甜罗勒和暹罗皇后罗勒的挥发性活性物质的种类和含量主要受基因型控制,环境对其含量略有影响。同时,研究中也发现少量罗勒品种的关键成分受环境影响较大,如丁香罗勒在肯尼亚东部地区检测到的主要挥发性物质为丁香酚(68.81%)和甲基丁香酚(13.21%)[20],而本研究中丁香罗勒的主要挥发性化合物为柠檬醛(29.67%)和顺式-柠檬醛(24.40%)。除此之外,本研究中的暹罗皇后罗勒、茴香罗勒、泰国罗勒中含有的4-烯丙基苯甲醚以及肉桂罗勒含有的肉桂酸甲酯的相对含量均在70%以上,因此可以对这些特异种质进行差异化育种,为后续罗勒的特殊应用与开发,以及关键单体活性物质的提取提供参考。
为体现和描述芳香植物的香气类型,里奥·范海默特[15]研究发现,香气成分的含量和阈值是影响人类感知植物香气的2个主要影响因素。目前,通过计算相对气味活度值(ROAV)来描述植物的具体香气表现已在玫瑰[21]、茶叶[22-23]、刺槐[24]等植物中得以较好的应用。罗勒被誉为“香草皇后”,但目前尚无香气类型分析的研究报道。本研究通过ROAV分析发现,大部分罗勒种质的主体香气物质均含有芳樟醇,具有一定的花木香及甜香气味。此外,15份罗勒种质的挥发性成分含量较高的化合物其阈值也较低,对罗勒的香气贡献较大,总体鉴定出8种香气类型,如丁香酚/芳樟醇型、丁香酚/芳樟醇/桉叶油醇型以及顺式-柠檬醛型,为罗勒特异种质在化妆品、食品以及医药等领域的应用提供参考。
基于植物性状和挥发性成分进行聚类分析表明,2种方式的聚类结果有差异。通过植物学性状聚类把丁香罗勒、茴香罗勒以及紫黑蛋白石罗勒聚为一类,这些种质具有相似的外观性状,如株高、株幅以及分枝数较大,叶长、叶宽较小;而通过挥发性成分的聚类却将外观性状相似的罗勒种质分别聚在3个不同的大类,3种罗勒的主要挥发性成分分别为柠檬醛和顺式柠檬醛、4-烯丙基苯甲醚、芳樟醇和丁香酚。究其原因,主要是由于罗勒属植物易于种间或种内杂交,外观性状与活性成分连锁不紧密,因此相似的外观性状可能存在较大的活性成分差异。但总体来看,不管是基于哪种方法,都可以把15份种质进行完全区分。结果表明供试罗勒种质的遗传差异较大,存在丰富的遗传多样性,可为后期罗勒的杂交育种或聚合育种提供基础材料与理论依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(31870317)
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(2019RC316; 820MS102)
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2024年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.018
  • 接收时间:2022-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-17
  • 修回日期:2022-10-28
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31870317)
海南省自然科学基金项目(2019RC316; 820MS102)
作者信息
    1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163000
    2.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所/农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室(试运行)/海南省热带药用植物工程研究中心,海南海口 571101

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* 陈松笔(CHEN Songbi),E-mail:
官玲亮(GUAN Lingliang),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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