Article(id=1276213399142924746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1674835200000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-28, revisedDate=1676908800000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-21, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782202585254, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782202585254, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782202585254, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782202585254, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276213295170323272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='653', pageEnd='871', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1713974400000', pubDateStr='2024-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782202560465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782203706550, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=783, endPage=792, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276213399881122252, articleId=1276213399142924746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Combined Effects of Nano-iron on Leaf Growth, Photosynthetic and Chemical Characteristics of Mallotus peltatus under Coconut Forest, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The intercropping of Mallotus peltatus under the forest helps to break the bottleneck of land use. It is of great significance to apply green nanotechnology to improve the benefits of its compound planting. In order to clarify the regulatory role of nano-iron in the intercropping of M. peltatus under the coconut forest, the annual seedling of M. peltatus was taken as the research object to carry out the cultivation experiment. We investigated the comprehensive effects of five concentrations of nano-iron treatments (CK: 0 mg/L, T1: 25 mg/L, T2: 50 mg/L, T3: 75 mg/L, T4: 100 mg/L) on the leaf growth, photosynthetic and chemical characteristics of M. peltatus. After the first nano-iron treatment, the leaf length, width and dry weight of M. peltatus in T3 treatment were significantly higher than those in CK, while the leaf number in each treatment was significantly more than that in CK. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll content of M. peltatus treated with four nano-iron concentrations increased significantly by 14.96% (T1), 16.18% (T2), 17.91% (T3) and 20.58% (T4). As the concentration of nano-iron increased, the leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ, actual photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ and electron transport rate of M. peltatus overall increased. After the second nano-iron treatment, leaf length, width, dry weight and number of M. peltatus treated with T1, T3 and T4 were significantly higher than those of CK. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll content of M. peltatus in each treatment significantly increased by 10.28% (T1), 7.53% (T2), 11.13% (T3) and 11.41% (T4). With the increase of nano-iron concentration, the leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of M. peltatus increased significantly, but decreased when the concentration reached T3 treatment. The potential activity of PSⅡ and efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ of M. peltatus also decreased significantly in T3 treatment. After two treatments, the contents of flavone, fat and ash of M. peltatus increased significantly in T1 treatment compared with CK. The contents of fat and ash decreased with the increase of nano-iron concentration. To sum up, nano-iron has a positive regulatory effect on the growth of M. peltatus under the coconut forest, but high concentration will inhibit its photosynthesis and growth. We recommend that the appropriate concentration is 25-50 mg/L. This study could provide theoretical reference for the application of nano-iron in intercropping M. peltatus under the coconut forest.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ruoyun YU, Weibo YANG, Yuanjiao FENG, Zifei LUO, Siting CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weibo YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276213405002367442, articleId=1276213399142924746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=椰林间作中纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片生长、光合及化学特征的综合影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

林下间作鹧鸪茶可破解用地瓶颈制约,应用绿色纳米技术提高其复合种植成效具有重要意义。为明确纳米铁在椰林间作鹧鸪茶中的调控作用,以鹧鸪茶一年生苗为研究对象,开展林下栽培试验,探讨5个浓度的纳米铁处理(CK:0 mg/L,T1:25 mg/L,T2:50 mg/L,T3:75 mg/L,T4:100 mg/L)对鹧鸪茶叶生长、光合及化学特征的综合影响。结果表明:第一次纳米铁处理后,仅T3处理的鹧鸪茶叶长、叶宽和叶干重显著高于CK,但所有处理叶片数均显著多于CK。4个浓度纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶叶绿素含量与CK相比显著增加14.96%(T1)、16.18%(T2)、17.91%(T3)、20.58%(T4)。随纳米铁浓度提高,鹧鸪茶叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和表观电子传递速率(ETR)均呈增加趋势。第二次纳米铁处理后,T1、T3、T4处理的鹧鸪茶叶长、叶宽、叶干重、叶片数均显著高于CK。各处理的鹧鸪茶叶绿素含量相比CK显著提升10.28%(T1)、7.53%(T2)、11.13%(T3)、11.41%(T4)。随纳米铁浓度提高,鹧鸪茶叶片PnTrGs显著增加,但浓度达到T3时,以上3项指标显著降低。鹧鸪茶叶片PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和Fv/Fm也在T3处理中显著降低。2次处理后,与CK相比,鹧鸪茶叶片黄酮、脂肪和灰分含量在T1处理中显著增加,其脂肪和灰分含量随纳米铁浓度提高有所下降。因此,纳米铁对林下鹧鸪茶生长具有积极调控作用,但浓度过高会抑制其光合生长,使用浓度在25~50 mg/L为宜,本研究可为椰林间作鹧鸪茶中纳米铁的应用提供理论参考。

, authors=

余若云(1991—),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:作物耕作与栽培。

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* 杨伟波(YANG Weibo),E-mail:
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余若云(1991—),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:作物耕作与栽培。

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余若云(1991—),女,博士,助理研究员,研究方向:作物耕作与栽培。

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A: The first treatment of nano-iron application; B: The second treatment of nano-iron application. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=pDrvhrrmx0fDaThfDOM7Ew==, figureFileBig=NLuWakljZYgYcWyJFnUblg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466482687120288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=CN, label=图1, caption=叶施不同浓度纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶绿素含量的影响

A:第一次施铁处理;B:第二次施铁处理。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=zUsR1cr6M94ppsFQIig3wQ==, figureFileBig=q1TiUD8staaohrf1ed8LVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466482833920930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=CN, label=图2, caption=叶施不同浓度纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片主要化学成分的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=zUsR1cr6M94ppsFQIig3wQ==, figureFileBig=q1TiUD8staaohrf1ed8LVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276466482892641187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effects of the different concentrations nano-iron in the first application on the growth of M. peltatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm叶鲜重Leaf fresh weight/g叶干重Leaf dry weight/g叶片数Leaf number
CK5.35±0.96b2.41±0.36b0.19±0.06a0.06±0.02c47.83±7.91c
T16.29±0.79a2.53±0.29b0.22±0.05a0.07±0.02bc75.83±19.32b
T26.00±0.65a2.63±0.32ab0.22±0.06a0.07±0.02bc86.17±29.86b
T36.91±1.58a2.87±0.56a0.29±0.12a0.09±0.04a132.17±25.55a
T46.53±1.23a2.65±0.37ab0.25±0.08a0.08±0.03ab121.00±13.74a
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483035247524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

第一次叶施不同浓度纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片生长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm叶鲜重Leaf fresh weight/g叶干重Leaf dry weight/g叶片数Leaf number
CK5.35±0.96b2.41±0.36b0.19±0.06a0.06±0.02c47.83±7.91c
T16.29±0.79a2.53±0.29b0.22±0.05a0.07±0.02bc75.83±19.32b
T26.00±0.65a2.63±0.32ab0.22±0.06a0.07±0.02bc86.17±29.86b
T36.91±1.58a2.87±0.56a0.29±0.12a0.09±0.04a132.17±25.55a
T46.53±1.23a2.65±0.37ab0.25±0.08a0.08±0.03ab121.00±13.74a
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483102356389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of the different concentrations nano-iron in the second application on the growth of M. peltatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm叶鲜重Leaf fresh weight/g叶干重Leaf dry weight/g叶片数Leaf number
CK6.45±0.87b2.83±0.53b0.23±0.08b0.07±0.03b99.83±15.37c
T19.71±1.52a3.55±0.56a0.44±0.11a0.14±0.04a147.50±18.39b
T28.47±2.13a3.37±0.73a0.35±0.16ab0.12±0.05a146.83±42.26bc
T39.73±1.16a3.61±0.42a0.47±0.10a0.16±0.03a206.83±51.89a
T49.51±2.28a3.55±0.73a0.47±0.21a0.15±0.06a188.17±52.66ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483169465254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

第二次叶施不同浓度纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片生长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶长Leaf length/cm叶宽Leaf width/cm叶鲜重Leaf fresh weight/g叶干重Leaf dry weight/g叶片数Leaf number
CK6.45±0.87b2.83±0.53b0.23±0.08b0.07±0.03b99.83±15.37c
T19.71±1.52a3.55±0.56a0.44±0.11a0.14±0.04a147.50±18.39b
T28.47±2.13a3.37±0.73a0.35±0.16ab0.12±0.05a146.83±42.26bc
T39.73±1.16a3.61±0.42a0.47±0.10a0.16±0.03a206.83±51.89a
T49.51±2.28a3.55±0.73a0.47±0.21a0.15±0.06a188.17±52.66ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483253351335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of the first nano-iron application on the photosynthetic parameters of M. peltatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentPn/(µmol·m-2·s-1)Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Gs/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Ci/(µmol·mol-1)
CK2.80±0.72d0.56±0.21c49.64±19.09c303.71±76.97ab
T14.37±1.45b0.80±0.42b78.43±57.29a297.49±82.32ab
T23.78±0.84c0.78±0.37b70.33±54.03a300.69±59.41ab
T34.35±1.15b0.82±0.23b69.64±23.63bc308.61±35.40a
T45.91±1.28a1.00±0.40a86.27±42.66a285.69±47.57b
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483316265896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

第一次叶施不同浓度纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片光合参数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentPn/(µmol·m-2·s-1)Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Gs/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Ci/(µmol·mol-1)
CK2.80±0.72d0.56±0.21c49.64±19.09c303.71±76.97ab
T14.37±1.45b0.80±0.42b78.43±57.29a297.49±82.32ab
T23.78±0.84c0.78±0.37b70.33±54.03a300.69±59.41ab
T34.35±1.15b0.82±0.23b69.64±23.63bc308.61±35.40a
T45.91±1.28a1.00±0.40a86.27±42.66a285.69±47.57b
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483395957673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Effects of the second nano-irone application on the photosynthetic parameters of M. peltatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentPn/(µmol·m-2·s-1)Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Gs/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Ci/(µmol·mol-1)
CK3.86±1.71cd0.86±0.23c68.03±19.97c276.23±47.78ab
T14.45±1.22c1.15±0.37b90.51±31.30b286.45±29.33a
T26.58±0.86a1.70±0.49a141.31±72.03a296.53±39.92a
T35.55±0.96b1.23±0.39b98.91±40.51b267.28±65.35b
T43.82±1.08d0.89±0.30c59.56±24.32c268.44±26.52b
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483479843754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

第二次叶施不同浓度纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片光合参数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentPn/(µmol·m-2·s-1)Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Gs/(mmol·m-2·s-1)Ci/(µmol·mol-1)
CK3.86±1.71cd0.86±0.23c68.03±19.97c276.23±47.78ab
T14.45±1.22c1.15±0.37b90.51±31.30b286.45±29.33a
T26.58±0.86a1.70±0.49a141.31±72.03a296.53±39.92a
T35.55±0.96b1.23±0.39b98.91±40.51b267.28±65.35b
T43.82±1.08d0.89±0.30c59.56±24.32c268.44±26.52b
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483563729835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Effects of the first nano-iron application on the fluorescence parameters of M. peltatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentFoFmFvFv/FoFv/FmΦPSⅡETR
CK0.61±0.18ab1.50±0.13b0.89±0.25b1.65±0.72ab0.59±0.14ab0.24±0.08c24.59±10.55c
T10.57±0.10ab1.56±0.13b0.99±0.18ab1.83±0.57ab0.63±0.07ab0.27±0.07bc27.99±17.06bc
T20.64±0.08a1.52±0.14b0.88±0.14b1.39±0.34b0.57±0.06b0.25±0.07c27.58±13.02c
T30.54±0.10b1.69±0.14a1.15±0.13a2.20±0.50a0.68±0.05a0.36±0.04a47.01±7.84a
T40.55±0.07b1.68±0.13a1.13±0.12a2.11±0.37a0.67±0.04a0.34±0.06ab43.61±12.40ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483639227308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

第一次叶施不同浓度纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentFoFmFvFv/FoFv/FmΦPSⅡETR
CK0.61±0.18ab1.50±0.13b0.89±0.25b1.65±0.72ab0.59±0.14ab0.24±0.08c24.59±10.55c
T10.57±0.10ab1.56±0.13b0.99±0.18ab1.83±0.57ab0.63±0.07ab0.27±0.07bc27.99±17.06bc
T20.64±0.08a1.52±0.14b0.88±0.14b1.39±0.34b0.57±0.06b0.25±0.07c27.58±13.02c
T30.54±0.10b1.69±0.14a1.15±0.13a2.20±0.50a0.68±0.05a0.36±0.04a47.01±7.84a
T40.55±0.07b1.68±0.13a1.13±0.12a2.11±0.37a0.67±0.04a0.34±0.06ab43.61±12.40ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483710530477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Effects of the second nano-iron application on the fluorescence parameters of M. peltatus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentFoFmFvFv/FoFv/FmΦPSⅡETR
CK0.55±0.04a1.70±0.27ab1.15±0.29ab2.13±0.60ab0.67±0.07ab0.39±0.05a56.91±10.09a
T10.53±0.06a1.79±0.13a1.26±0.13a2.38±0.36a0.70±0.04ab0.39±0.04a53.01±9.23a
T20.51±0.06a1.73±0.19ab1.23±0.17a2.44±0.38a0.71±0.04a0.40±0.04a53.14±9.96a
T30.57±0.08a1.64±0.13b1.07±0.14b1.94±0.42b0.65±0.05b0.37±0.05a50.68±9.24a
T40.51±0.04a1.73±0.24ab1.23±0.21a2.42±0.37a0.70±0.04ab0.34±0.03b38.38±6.16b
), ArticleFig(id=1276466483794416558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213399142924746, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

第二次叶施不同浓度纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentFoFmFvFv/FoFv/FmΦPSⅡETR
CK0.55±0.04a1.70±0.27ab1.15±0.29ab2.13±0.60ab0.67±0.07ab0.39±0.05a56.91±10.09a
T10.53±0.06a1.79±0.13a1.26±0.13a2.38±0.36a0.70±0.04ab0.39±0.04a53.01±9.23a
T20.51±0.06a1.73±0.19ab1.23±0.17a2.44±0.38a0.71±0.04a0.40±0.04a53.14±9.96a
T30.57±0.08a1.64±0.13b1.07±0.14b1.94±0.42b0.65±0.05b0.37±0.05a50.68±9.24a
T40.51±0.04a1.73±0.24ab1.23±0.21a2.42±0.37a0.70±0.04ab0.34±0.03b38.38±6.16b
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椰林间作中纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片生长、光合及化学特征的综合影响
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余若云 1 , 杨伟波 1, * , 冯元姣 2 , 罗子飞 2 , 陈思婷 1
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(4): 783-792
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (4) : 783 -792
椰林间作中纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片生长、光合及化学特征的综合影响
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余若云1, 杨伟波1, * , 冯元姣2, 罗子飞2, 陈思婷1
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所/海南省热带油料作物生物学重点试验室,海南文昌 571339
  • 2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
通讯作者:
* 杨伟波(YANG Weibo),E-mail:
Combined Effects of Nano-iron on Leaf Growth, Photosynthetic and Chemical Characteristics of Mallotus peltatus under Coconut Forest
Ruoyun YU1, Weibo YANG1, * , Yuanjiao FENG2, Zifei LUO2, Siting CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China
  • 2.School of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.014
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林下间作鹧鸪茶可破解用地瓶颈制约,应用绿色纳米技术提高其复合种植成效具有重要意义。为明确纳米铁在椰林间作鹧鸪茶中的调控作用,以鹧鸪茶一年生苗为研究对象,开展林下栽培试验,探讨5个浓度的纳米铁处理(CK:0 mg/L,T1:25 mg/L,T2:50 mg/L,T3:75 mg/L,T4:100 mg/L)对鹧鸪茶叶生长、光合及化学特征的综合影响。结果表明:第一次纳米铁处理后,仅T3处理的鹧鸪茶叶长、叶宽和叶干重显著高于CK,但所有处理叶片数均显著多于CK。4个浓度纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶叶绿素含量与CK相比显著增加14.96%(T1)、16.18%(T2)、17.91%(T3)、20.58%(T4)。随纳米铁浓度提高,鹧鸪茶叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和表观电子传递速率(ETR)均呈增加趋势。第二次纳米铁处理后,T1、T3、T4处理的鹧鸪茶叶长、叶宽、叶干重、叶片数均显著高于CK。各处理的鹧鸪茶叶绿素含量相比CK显著提升10.28%(T1)、7.53%(T2)、11.13%(T3)、11.41%(T4)。随纳米铁浓度提高,鹧鸪茶叶片PnTrGs显著增加,但浓度达到T3时,以上3项指标显著降低。鹧鸪茶叶片PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)和Fv/Fm也在T3处理中显著降低。2次处理后,与CK相比,鹧鸪茶叶片黄酮、脂肪和灰分含量在T1处理中显著增加,其脂肪和灰分含量随纳米铁浓度提高有所下降。因此,纳米铁对林下鹧鸪茶生长具有积极调控作用,但浓度过高会抑制其光合生长,使用浓度在25~50 mg/L为宜,本研究可为椰林间作鹧鸪茶中纳米铁的应用提供理论参考。

纳米铁  /  椰林间作  /  鹧鸪茶  /  光合作用  /  生长

The intercropping of Mallotus peltatus under the forest helps to break the bottleneck of land use. It is of great significance to apply green nanotechnology to improve the benefits of its compound planting. In order to clarify the regulatory role of nano-iron in the intercropping of M. peltatus under the coconut forest, the annual seedling of M. peltatus was taken as the research object to carry out the cultivation experiment. We investigated the comprehensive effects of five concentrations of nano-iron treatments (CK: 0 mg/L, T1: 25 mg/L, T2: 50 mg/L, T3: 75 mg/L, T4: 100 mg/L) on the leaf growth, photosynthetic and chemical characteristics of M. peltatus. After the first nano-iron treatment, the leaf length, width and dry weight of M. peltatus in T3 treatment were significantly higher than those in CK, while the leaf number in each treatment was significantly more than that in CK. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll content of M. peltatus treated with four nano-iron concentrations increased significantly by 14.96% (T1), 16.18% (T2), 17.91% (T3) and 20.58% (T4). As the concentration of nano-iron increased, the leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ, actual photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ and electron transport rate of M. peltatus overall increased. After the second nano-iron treatment, leaf length, width, dry weight and number of M. peltatus treated with T1, T3 and T4 were significantly higher than those of CK. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll content of M. peltatus in each treatment significantly increased by 10.28% (T1), 7.53% (T2), 11.13% (T3) and 11.41% (T4). With the increase of nano-iron concentration, the leaf net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of M. peltatus increased significantly, but decreased when the concentration reached T3 treatment. The potential activity of PSⅡ and efficiency of primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ of M. peltatus also decreased significantly in T3 treatment. After two treatments, the contents of flavone, fat and ash of M. peltatus increased significantly in T1 treatment compared with CK. The contents of fat and ash decreased with the increase of nano-iron concentration. To sum up, nano-iron has a positive regulatory effect on the growth of M. peltatus under the coconut forest, but high concentration will inhibit its photosynthesis and growth. We recommend that the appropriate concentration is 25-50 mg/L. This study could provide theoretical reference for the application of nano-iron in intercropping M. peltatus under the coconut forest.

nano-iron  /  coconut intercropping  /  Mallotus peltatus  /  photosynthesis  /  growth
余若云, 杨伟波, 冯元姣, 罗子飞, 陈思婷. 椰林间作中纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片生长、光合及化学特征的综合影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (4) : 783 -792 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.014
Ruoyun YU, Weibo YANG, Yuanjiao FENG, Zifei LUO, Siting CHEN. Combined Effects of Nano-iron on Leaf Growth, Photosynthetic and Chemical Characteristics of Mallotus peltatus under Coconut Forest[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (4) : 783 -792 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.014
鹧鸪茶(Mallotus peltatus)又名山苦茶,为大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)野桐属(Mallotus)灌木或小乔木,普遍分布于南亚地区,在我国主要产于海南[1]。鹧鸪茶干叶可冲泡,茶水清香,具有解油腻、清热消暑和生津止渴的保健功效,是海南最具文化特色和市场潜力的农产品之一,深受当地百姓喜爱。当前鹧鸪茶的开发利用主要依靠野生资源,随着鹧鸪茶市场需求迅速扩大,野生资源已供不应求,人工栽培鹧鸪茶不仅可以扩大鹧鸪茶的生长范围,同时也是开展野生资源保护的重要措施[2]。然而,海南岛土地资源有限,扩大单一作物的种植面积较为困难,挖掘农林间作系统的生产潜力是促进农业可持续发展的突破口。椰子(Cocos nucifera)是热区重要的木本经济作物之一,非生产期长,植株高大,林下空间广阔[3]。在椰林间作其他作物,不仅有利于提高土地利用率,且能够增加作物产出、促进农民增收,如椰林间作可可能够显著提高二者的经济效益[4]。鹧鸪茶喜阴,多自然生长于沟谷密林或河谷两岸疏林下,因此可作为林下种植的优选作物,然而目前椰林间作鹧鸪茶的研究资料鲜见报道。
光合作用是作物最重要的生理过程之一,在农林间作中,由于上层林木对低矮的作物产生遮阴,光照条件会直接影响林下作物的生长发育[5]。研究表明,鹧鸪茶幼苗在全光照条件下脱叶现象频繁,约50%的遮阴有利于提高鹧鸪茶的净光合速率和生物量,25%遮阴效果次之[6]。幼龄椰树植株较矮,树冠间空隙大,尚未形成林下郁闭空间,在生长前期无法满足林下鹧鸪茶苗的最佳遮阴需求。林下铺设聚乙烯遮阴网成本较高且不利于环保,鹧鸪茶在苗期生长发育速度较快,寻获适宜的栽培调控措施以提高林下鹧鸪茶的光合效率,对促进鹧鸪茶苗健壮生长具有重要现实意义。纳米材料通常指尺寸为1~100 nm的结构材料,由于其尺寸微小且具有较大的比表面积,能够穿透植物细胞壁,通过内吞作用被细胞吸收,从而调节植物生长发育[7]。近年来,纳米材料作为一种新兴技术在作物基础研究中受到广泛关注,纳米铁材料在农业生产中的应用范围也不断扩大[8-9]。LI等[10]研究发现经纳米铁处理后,玉米叶片净光合速率显著提高了19.9%,且生物量增加了31.8%。KHALILI等[11]发现纳米铁对红花总不饱和脂肪酸含量具有提升作用。MANZOOR等[12]研究表明使用铁纳米材料能够缓解小麦镉胁迫,促进小麦光合色素的形成和植株生长。大量研究已证实,纳米铁可以提高植物光合能力[13]、促进植物生长[14-15],并提高植物抗逆性[16]。虽然纳米铁材料在农业领域中已有丰富成果,但在农林复合种植研究中十分少见,能否通过纳米铁材料调控林下作物生长尚不明确。
基于上述内容,本研究以幼龄椰林间作中的鹧鸪茶苗为对象,在田间试验条件下对鹧鸪茶叶面喷施纳米铁悬液,比较5个浓度(0、25、50、75、100 mg/L)纳米铁处理下,鹧鸪茶叶片的生长性状、光合参数及化学成分等指标的变化差异,系统分析纳米铁对鹧鸪茶生长发育的综合影响,旨在回答2个关键科学问题:(1)纳米铁对林下鹧鸪茶的生长调控作用如何?(2)纳米铁促进林下鹧鸪茶生长的适宜浓度是多少?本研究可为纳米铁在椰林间作鹧鸪茶模式中的科学应用提供理论依据,对于促进鹧鸪茶生产、保护鹧鸪茶野生资源和提高椰林综合效益具有重要意义。
供试植株为鹧鸪茶无病虫害,长势一致的一年生幼苗,取自中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所栽培基地。试验使用的纳米铁材料由甘肃谷硕纳米农业科技有限责任公司提供,平均粒径为43 nm,纯度>99.5%,外观为黑色粉末状。将纳米铁粉溶于去离子水中,分别制成0、25、50、75、100 mg/L的纳米铁悬液。试验地位于海南省文昌市中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所种植示范基地(19°31′N,110°45′E),属于热带季风性气候,水热条件良好,全年无霜冻。种植区地势平坦,土质为沙壤土,较为贫瘠,保水性差,经测定土壤pH约为5.2,含水量约为3%,有效铁含量约为63 mg/kg,速效氮含量约为27 mg/kg,速效磷含量约为30 mg/kg,速效钾约为22 mg/kg,有机质含量约为11 g/kg。
鹧鸪茶苗定植时间为2022年1月,在三年生椰树行间种植鹧鸪茶,椰树采用宽窄行种植方式,窄行4 m种椰子,宽行9 m间作鹧鸪茶,椰子种植密度为4 m×6 m,鹧鸪茶种植密度为3 m×3 m,使用便携式照度计测得椰林间作区遮阴度在20%~25%。试验共设置4个浓度纳米铁处理(T1:25 mg/L,T2:50 mg/L,T3:75 mg/L、T4:100 mg/L)和1个对照(CK:0 mg/L),各设8次重复,共计40株鹧鸪茶苗用于试验观测。
试验观测时间为2022年4—6月,采用叶面喷施的方法,于4月26日和5月26日对鹧鸪茶苗各施用1次纳米铁悬液。施用纳米铁材料时,根据鹧鸪茶的叶片数量,每次每株喷施30~50 mL悬液。将纳米铁悬液均匀喷施于叶片的正反面,悬液滴落前停止。喷施纳米铁后8 h内用去离子水每小时喷雾1次,保持叶面湿润且无水滴落,以免纳米铁在叶表沉积。每次叶面施铁满25 d后,采集鹧鸪茶生长良好的叶片,测定相关试验指标。
选择晴朗无风天气,于2022年5月24日和6月23日,每个处理随机选取6株长势一致的健康鹧鸪茶苗,记录鹧鸪茶苗单株叶片数量,每株鹧鸪茶随机选择3片成熟健康叶片(自茎顶端下第5~8叶位)测定叶生长、光合和叶绿素荧光指标,同时取10片叶片混合为一个样品,带回实验室进行化学成分指标测定。
(1)叶生长、光合和叶绿素荧光指标。测定叶生长指标包括叶片长、叶片宽、叶鲜重和叶干重。采用SPAD-502叶绿素仪(日本Konica Minolta公司)测定鹧鸪茶叶片的SPAD值,代表作物叶片叶绿素含量。使用LI-6800便携式光合仪(美国LI-COR公司),在上午9:00 —11:00测定鹧鸪茶叶片的光合指标,包括净光合速率[Pn,µmol/(m·s)]、蒸腾速率[Tr,mmol/(m2·s)]、气孔导度[Gs,mmol/(m2·s)]和胞间CO2浓度(Ci,µmol/mol)。采用PAM-2500便携式叶绿素荧光仪(德国WALZ公司)测定鹧鸪茶叶片的叶绿素荧光指标,包括初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和表观电子传递速率(ETR)。
(2)叶化学成分指标。测定指标包括黄酮含量、脂肪含量、灰分含量和水分含量。黄酮测定采用分光光度法,脂肪测定采用索氏抽提法,灰分测定参考《食品安全国家标准食品中灰分的测定》(GB 5009.4—2016)的方法,水分测定采用烘干法[17-18]
使用Microsoft Office Excel 2010软件整理数据,使用IBM SPSS Satistics 21软件进行单因素ANOVA分析,检验不同处理间试验指标的差异显著性,使用R语言ggplot包作图。
第一次喷施不同浓度纳米铁后,T1、T2、T3、T4处理的鹧鸪茶叶长与CK相比均显著增长,其中T3处理增幅最大,为29.16%(表1)。T3处理的鹧鸪茶叶宽和叶干重与T4处理无显著差异,但显著大于T1和CK处理。不同处理间鹧鸪茶叶鲜重无显著差异。随着纳米铁浓度增高,鹧鸪茶叶片数量逐渐增多。第二次喷施不同浓度纳米铁后,4个不同浓度纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶叶长和叶宽均显著大于CK,其中T3处理增长幅度最大,分别为50.85%和27.56%(表2)。T1、T3、T4处理的鹧鸪茶叶鲜重和叶干重显著高于CK。随纳米铁浓度增高,鹧鸪茶叶片数量逐渐增加,其中T3处理的鹧鸪茶叶片数最多。上述结果表明,叶施纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片生长发育具有明显促进作用。
第一次喷施不同浓度纳米铁后,与CK相比,T1、T2、T3、T4处理的鹧鸪茶叶绿素含量分别显著提高14.96%、16.18%、17.91%、20.58%(图1A)。随着纳米铁浓度提高,鹧鸪茶PnTrGs总体呈增加趋势(表3)。T4处理的鹧鸪茶PnTr最高,CK最低。T3、T2和T1处理的鹧鸪茶TrCi无显著差异。第二次喷施不同浓度纳米铁后,与CK相比,T1、T2、T3、T4处理的鹧鸪茶叶绿素含量分别显著提高10.28%、7.53%、11.13%、11.41%(图1B)。随着纳米铁浓度提高,鹧鸪茶PnTrGs总体呈先增后减趋势,Ci呈现下降趋势(表4)。T2处理的鹧鸪茶PnTrGs最高,T3处理开始降低,T4处理和CK的鹧鸪茶PnTrGs显著低于其他处理。上述结果表明,叶施纳米铁能够显著提升鹧鸪茶的光合能力,但是过高浓度的铁处理反而会抑制其光合作用,施用浓度不宜超过50 mg/L处理。
第一次喷施不同浓度纳米铁后,随着纳米铁浓度提高,鹧鸪茶的FmFvFv/FmΦPSⅡ和ETR均呈现上升趋势,Fo变化趋势则相反(表5)。T4和T3处理的鹧鸪茶FmFvΦPSⅡ和ETR显著高于T2处理和CK。T4和T3处理的鹧鸪茶Fo显著低于T2处理。第二次喷施不同浓度纳米铁后,当纳米铁浓度提高至T3处理,鹧鸪茶的Fv/FoFv/Fm显著降低(表6)。当纳米铁浓度提高至T4处理,鹧鸪茶的ΦPSⅡ和ETR显著降低。鹧鸪茶的Fo在各处理和CK无显著差异。上述结果表明,适宜浓度的纳米铁处理能够促进鹧鸪茶光合作用,浓度超过T2处理后会产生不利影响。
经过2次叶施纳米铁处理后,随着纳米铁浓度提高,鹧鸪茶黄酮含量有所增加,T1处理的鹧鸪茶黄酮含量相比CK增加59.09%,T2、T3、T4处理与T1处理无显著差异(图2)。鹧鸪茶叶片脂肪含量随纳米铁浓度提高先增加后降低,T1处理的鹧鸪茶脂肪含量显著高于CK,增幅为64.39%,T2和T4处理的脂肪含量相比T1处理分别下降30.41%、38.71%。T1处理的鹧鸪茶叶片灰分含量相比CK显著增加30.85%,T2、T3处理与T1处理的灰分含量无显著差异,T4处理则比T1处理下降17.66%。不同处理间以及CK的鹧鸪茶水分含量均无显著差异。上述结果表明,叶施纳米铁能够提升鹧鸪茶的主要化学成分指标,浓度以25 mg/L处理为宜。
椰子林下空间开阔,长期单一种植会导致土地利用效率低下。鹧鸪茶为多年生灌木,通常自然分布于茂密的林荫下,生长喜阴,适宜林下间作[1-2]。在充分掌握鹧鸪茶生长发育特性的基础上开展椰林间作有利于提高土地综合产出,同时也对驯化栽培鹧鸪茶,保护野生资源具有重要意义。大量研究显示金属元素纳米材料在促进农业生产方面具有较大潜能[19-20]。本研究发现椰林下的鹧鸪茶经纳米铁处理后,鹧鸪茶叶长、叶宽和叶干重等生长指标显著大于不施铁对照组,且叶片数量明显增多,表明叶施纳米铁可以促进鹧鸪茶叶片生长,提高鹧鸪茶生物量。AVESTAN等[21]研究表明使用纳米铁可以显著提高苹果叶面积、鲜重、干重和叶数等生长指标,与本研究结果一致。ASKARY等[22]研究也证实,纳米铁能促进长春花的叶生长。2次处理后,4个浓度纳米铁处理间的鹧鸪茶叶长、叶宽、叶鲜重和叶干重基本无显著差异,说明纳米铁对鹧鸪茶的促生作用在较低浓度条件下即可实现。RUI等[9]研究成果支持这一结论,研究发现纳米铁低至2 mg/kg即可显著增加花生的生物量。然而一项关于柑橘的研究显示,纳米铁对柑橘叶生长无显著影响,这可能是因为柑橘叶革质,叶片蜡质层厚,阻截了铁元素的渗透和再转移[23]
农林间作对作物最直接的影响是改变了作物的光资源分配,从而显著影响林下作物的光合效能[24]。杨虎彪等[6]研究表明鹧鸪茶苗在50%荫蔽度条件下长势最好。椰林间作鹧鸪茶可为鹧鸪茶提供荫蔽环境,但椰林在生长前期难以满足鹧鸪茶的需荫要求,因此可能会抑制鹧鸪茶的光合作用。本研究结果表明,从提高鹧鸪茶的光合效能和绿色生产出发,利用最低的成本进行纳米铁调控是可行的。4个浓度纳米铁处理后与不施铁对照相比,鹧鸪茶叶绿素含量均显著提高。叶绿体是作物进行光合作用的重要器官,叶绿素含量的高低能够体现作物光合能力的强弱,说明叶施纳米铁能够提升鹧鸪茶的光合能力,这可能是因为纳米铁直接进入植物细胞,激发了叶绿素的合成[25]。LI等[10]研究表明,叶施纳米铁提升了玉米19.3%的叶绿素含量,与本研究结果相符。DELFANI等[26]也发现了叶面施用纳米铁后,黑眼豌豆叶绿素含量比对照增加了10%。
铁元素对调节作物光合作用有着重要影响[27]。本研究发现第一次叶施纳米铁后,鹧鸪茶叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度随着纳米铁浓度提高而增加;但第二次处理后,净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度先增后减,在浓度达到75 mg/L时降低,且100 mg/L纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶光合参数显著低于其他处理和对照。徐江兵等[28]研究表明,纳米铁处理后,生菜的光合效率随铁浓度提高先上升后下降,与本研究结果一致。AVESTAN等[21]研究也发现施用200 mg/L的高浓度纳米铁抑制了苹果光合作用。金属纳米材料在实际应用中是一把双刃剑,通常低浓度可以促进作物种子萌发、根系伸长、产量提高,高浓度则表现为组织损伤和生长抑制等[29]。鹧鸪茶光合速率的下降可能是因为在叶施2次较高浓度纳米铁后,产生了毒害效应。研究表明由于纳米铁更容易进入作物细胞,过量的铁积累会破坏作物光合系统,此外纳米铁颗粒通过Fenton反应产生的活性氧也会伤害作物细胞[30]
鹧鸪茶叶绿素荧光参数与光合参数变化规律基本一致,第一次叶施纳米铁后,100 mg/L和75 mg/L纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶最大荧光、可变荧光、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率和表观电子传递速率显著高于50 mg/L纳米铁处理和对照;然而第二次处理后,75 mg/L纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶PSⅡ潜在活性和PSⅡ原初光能转化效率显著降低,100 mg/L纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶实际光化学效率和表观电子传递速率显著降低。原初光能转化效率是反映作物光系统对光能吸收、传递的重要指标。本研究表明施加适量纳米铁可以促进光系统Ⅱ的开放,提高光系统Ⅱ反应中心的光能转换效率,纳米铁浓度过高则会破坏光系统从而导致原初光能转化效率下降[31]。100 mg/L纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶表观电子传递速率显著降低,说明高浓度纳米铁会抑制作物体内电子信号的传导,产生光抑制,导致鹧鸪茶光合能力减弱[32]。综合上述结果,当纳米铁浓度超过50 mg/L后会对鹧鸪茶光合作用产生不利影响。
叶施纳米铁后,鹧鸪茶叶片的主要化学成分发生显著变化。黄酮是鹧鸪茶叶中重要的化学成分,具有较强的抗氧化和清除自由基等效用[33]。25 mg/L纳米铁处理的鹧鸪茶叶片黄酮含量相比不施铁对照增加超过50%,但随着纳米铁浓度提升,黄酮含量未继续增加,这说明低浓度的纳米铁处理即可促进提高鹧鸪茶叶的黄酮含量,增强其保健药理功效。YOUSEFZADEH等[34]研究发现纳米铁可以增加香青兰的黄酮含量,与本研究结果一致。鹧鸪茶叶脂肪和灰分含量在25 mg/L纳米铁处理中大幅增加,与施铁对紫花苜蓿的灰分影响结果相符[35]。值得注意的是,鹧鸪茶叶脂肪和灰分含量在100 mg/L纳米铁处理中显著降低,表明纳米铁施用量过多对化学成分的合成产生了抑制作用,因此若从叶化学方面考虑,适宜的纳米铁施用浓度为25 mg/L。
林下间作鹧鸪茶可破解用地瓶颈制约,有效扩大鹧鸪茶种植面积,但生产前期面临诸多困难。幼龄椰林郁闭度较低、光照条件好,无法满足林下茶苗优质高产所需的遮阴要求,应用低成本绿色纳米技术进行作物生长调控,提高鹧鸪茶的环境适应性,对促进鹧鸪茶生产、提高椰林综合效益具有重要现实意义。本研究表明,与对照相比,叶施纳米铁对鹧鸪茶叶片生长、光合及主要化学特征影响极为显著。纳米铁处理提高了鹧鸪茶的叶长、叶宽、叶干重、叶片数量和叶绿素含量。鹧鸪茶叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度随纳米铁浓度升高先增后降,PSⅡ潜在活性和PSⅡ原初光能转化效率也在较高浓度纳米铁处理中显著降低。鹧鸪茶叶片黄酮、脂肪和灰分含量在低浓度纳米铁处理中即可显著提高,但脂肪和灰分含量在高浓度处理中减少。因此纳米铁可有效促进林下鹧鸪茶生长,浓度过高则产生负面作用。综合考虑以上因素,建议椰林间作鹧鸪茶的纳米铁适宜用量为25~50 mg/L。本研究将为纳米铁调控在椰-茶农林间作中的应用提供理论参考。
  • 海南省科技计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY206)
  • 现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-14-2-31)
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2024年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.014
  • 接收时间:2023-01-28
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-28
  • 修回日期:2023-02-21
基金
海南省科技计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY206)
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-14-2-31)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所/海南省热带油料作物生物学重点试验室,海南文昌 571339
    2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099

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* 杨伟波(YANG Weibo),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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