Article(id=1276213388644578028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1667318400000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-02, revisedDate=1678118400000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782202582750, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782202582750, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782202582750, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782202582750, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276213295170323272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='653', pageEnd='871', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1713974400000', pubDateStr='2024-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782202560465, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782203706550, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276218103419761359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276213295170323272, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=761, endPage=771, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276213389537964782, articleId=1276213388644578028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution at Ridge Sealing Stage and Yield at Harvest Stage of Sweetpotato, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate and planting density on the source-sink relationship and yield of sweet potato during ridge-sealing period, and to improve the cultivation techniques of sweet potato in Hainan, a field experiment was carried out from 2019 to 2020. The fresh-eating sweet potato variety Gaoxi14 was used as the test material, and three planting densities were set up, namely 47 600 plants/hm2 (D1), 71, 400 plants/hm2 (D2) and 142 900 plants/hm2 (D3). Four nitrogen application rates (0 kg/hm2 (N0), 60 kg/hm2 (N1), 120 kg/hm2 (N2), 180 kg/hm2 (N3) were designed in a double-factor split plot design with planting density as the main plot and nitrogen application rate as the subplot to study the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on photosynthetic characteristics, the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), stem and leaf growth, dry matter accumulation and distribution in source and sink, tuber characteristics in ridge-sealing period, yield and its components and commodity in harvest period of Gaoxi14. Under the same planting density, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), fresh weight of stem and leaf, number of branches, longest vine length, number of tubers per plant and single tuber weight of commercial sweet potato increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and reached the maximum at N1 treatment. The yield of sweet potato increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and reached the maximum under N2 treatment, which was 32.0% higher than that under N0 treatment, but there was no significant difference between N2 and N1 treatments. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the dry matter distribution ratio of sweet potato roots increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The D2 treatment reached the maximum but there was no significant difference between D2 and D3 treatments. The root shoot ratio and yield increased significantly with the increase of planting density, and reached the maximum at D3 treatment. The yield of D3 was 30.9% and 24.1% higher than that of D1 and D2, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen application rate and planting density had significant effects on the dry matter accumulation and distribution of root tubers, while the planting density had a significant positive correlation with the yield of sweet potato at harvest stage, and the correlation coefficient was 0.704. Based on the results of this experiment, when the nitrogen application rate was 60 kg/hm2 and the planting density was 142 900 plants/hm2 (D3N1), the yield of Gaoxi 14 was the highest, reaching 30.1 t/hm2, and the corresponding potato commodity rate was 94.3%, which was the best among all treatments.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yue CHEN, Qinggan LIANG, Mengzhao WANG, Yanli CHEN, Guopeng ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guopeng ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276213391622533872, articleId=1276213388644578028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=施氮量和种植密度对甘薯封垄期干物质积累和分配及收获期产量的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探讨氮肥用量和种植密度对甘薯封垄期干物质积累和分配及收获期产量的影响,提升海南地区甘薯栽培技术,于2019—2020年进行田间试验,以鲜食型甘薯品种高系14为试验材料,设置3个种植密度,即47 600株/hm2(D1)、71 400株/hm2(D2)、142 900株/hm2(D3);4个施氮量,即0 kg/hm2(N0)、60 kg/hm2(N1)、120 kg/hm2(N2)、180 kg/hm2(N3),采用双因素裂区设计,以种植密度为主区,施氮量为副区,研究不同种植密度和施氮量组合对高系14封垄期的光合特性、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、茎叶生长、源库干物质积累与分配特性、封垄期结薯特性、收获期产量及其构成因素和商品性的影响。结果表明:在同一种植密度下,甘薯封垄期的叶片净光合速率(Pn)、茎叶鲜重、分枝数、最长蔓长、单株结薯数及商品薯单薯重随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,在N1处理时最大;甘薯产量随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,在N2处理时最大,较N0提高了32.0%,但N2与N1处理间无显著差异;在同一施氮量下,甘薯块根干物质分配比随种植密度的增加先增加后降低,D2处理达到最大但D2与D3处理间无显著差异;根冠比和产量随种植密度的增加显著增加,在D3处理时最大,其中D3产量较D1、D2分别提高了30.9%和24.1%。相关性分析结果表明,在对块根干物质积累和分配的影响效应中,施氮量和种植密度均有显著影响,而对甘薯收获期产量的影响效应中,种植密度与收获期产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.704。综合本试验结果,当施氮量为60 kg/hm2、种植密度为142 900株/hm2处理(D3N1)时,高系14的产量最高,达到30.1 t/hm2,其对应薯块商品率为94.3%,均为所有处理中最佳。

, authors=

* 梁清干(1995—),男,硕士,助理农艺师,研究方向:作物栽培生理。

陈玥(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培生理

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** 朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of planting density on agronomic traits and yield of high quality fresh edible sweetpotato, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466526731505920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=10, pageStart=1702, pageEnd=1709, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=51, authorNames=杜祥备, 刘小平, journalName=植物营养与肥料学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杜祥备, 刘小平. 氮肥减量分施促进甘薯根系分化与块根膨大[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1702-1709., articleTitle=氮肥减量分施促进甘薯根系分化与块根膨大, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466526807003393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=10, pageStart=1702, pageEnd=1709, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=52, authorNames=DU X B, LIU X P, journalName=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DU X B, LIU X P. Lowering rate and split application of nitrogen fertilizer promote root differentiation and storage root enlargement of sweetpotato[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(10): 1702-1709. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Lowering rate and split application of nitrogen fertilizer promote root differentiation and storage root enlargement of sweetpotato, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466526874112258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=136, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=53, authorNames=刘倩, 侯松, 刘庆, 李欢, 史衍玺, journalName=作物杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘倩, 侯松, 刘庆, 李欢, 史衍玺. 移栽时期对食用型甘薯品种烟薯25号产量和品质的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2017(5): 136-141., articleTitle=移栽时期对食用型甘薯品种烟薯25号产量和品质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466526941221123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=136, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=54, authorNames=LIU Q, HOU S, LIU Q, LI H, SHI Y X, journalName=Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Q, HOU S, LIU Q, LI H, SHI Y X. Effects of transplanting date on yield and quality of edible sweetpotato cv. Yanshu No.25[J]. Crops, 2017(5): 136-141. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of transplanting date on yield and quality of edible sweetpotato cv. Yanshu No.25, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466527016718596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=131, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=55, authorNames=王翠娟, 史春余, 刘娜, 刘双荣, 余新地, journalName=作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王翠娟, 史春余, 刘娜, 刘双荣, 余新地. 结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种生长前期根系特性及根叶糖组分比较[J]. 作物学报, 2016, 42(1): 131-140., articleTitle=结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种生长前期根系特性及根叶糖组分比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276466527075438853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=42, issue=1, pageStart=131, pageEnd=140, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=56, authorNames=WANG C J, SHI C Y, LIU N, LIU S R, YU X D, journalName=Acta Agronomica Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG C J, SHI C Y, LIU N, LIU S R, YU X D. Comparison of root characteristics and sugar components in root and leaf at early growth phase of sweetpotato varieties with significant difference in valid storage root number[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(1): 131-140. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Comparison of root characteristics and sugar components in root and leaf at early growth phase of sweetpotato varieties with significant difference in valid storage root number, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276466522851774667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, awardId=ZDFY2020226, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDFY2020226), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276466522935660748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, awardId=CARS-10-sweetpotato, language=CN, fundingSource=国家甘薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-10-sweetpotato), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276466512277934225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276466512286322834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, companyId=1276466512277934225, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276466512290517139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, companyId=1276466512277934225, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南海口 572025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276466512382791828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276466512391180437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, companyId=1276466512382791828, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276466512399569046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, companyId=1276466512382791828, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东省科学院南繁种业研究所,广东广州 510310)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276466521174053053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Photosynthetic characteristics and SPAD values of sweet potato at ridge closure stage under different nitrogen application rates and planting densities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentSPADPn/(μmol·m–2·s–1)Gs/(mol·m–2·s–1)Ci/(μmol·m–2·s–1)Tr/(mmol·m-2·s–1)WUE/(μmol·mol–1)
D1N041.7±0.4cd12.8±0.3de0.3±0.0cd278.3±14.6bc4.0±0.6cd3.3±0.5bcd
N144.1±1.3abc17.5±1.0b0.5±0.2b294.0±12.8b5.2±0.7b3.4±0.3bcd
N242.6±0.6cd11.7±0.6ef0.2±0.0cd274.3±17.6bc3.4±0.4cde3.5±0.5abc
N341.7±1.1cd8.5±1.2g0.1±0.0d272.3±14.7bc3.2±0.5de2.7±0.4d
D2N042.3±1.0cd14.4±0.3cd0.3±0.0c278.7±4.2bc5.2±0.3b2.8±0.2d
N143.2±0.5bcd19.4±0.7a1.0±0.1a328.0±3.6a4.7±0.5c4.1±0.3a
N243.9±2.6abc15.3±0.4c0.3±0.0c282.3±8.5bc4.2±0.3c3.6±0.3abc
N345.9±2.1ab10.4±0.6f0.2±0.0cd268.3±5.7c2.8±0.1e3.7±0.2abc
D3N040.6±3.5d14.6±0.5cd0.3±0.1bc287.3±19.8bc4.1±0.8c3.6±0.7abc
N142.4±0.8cd19.4±1.6a1.0±0.2a330.0±2.7a7.1±0.5a2.7±0.1d
N244.3±0.5abc11.3±0.4ef0.1±0.0cd268.7±21.5c3.0±0.3e3.9±0.3ab
N346.6±1.3a10.7±2.3f0.2±0.1cd271.7±2.3bc3.5±0.7cde3.1±0.1cd
PDns****nsnsns
N************
D×N****ns***
), ArticleFig(id=1276466521241161918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同施氮量和种植密度处理下封垄期甘薯的光合特性和SPAD值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentSPADPn/(μmol·m–2·s–1)Gs/(mol·m–2·s–1)Ci/(μmol·m–2·s–1)Tr/(mmol·m-2·s–1)WUE/(μmol·mol–1)
D1N041.7±0.4cd12.8±0.3de0.3±0.0cd278.3±14.6bc4.0±0.6cd3.3±0.5bcd
N144.1±1.3abc17.5±1.0b0.5±0.2b294.0±12.8b5.2±0.7b3.4±0.3bcd
N242.6±0.6cd11.7±0.6ef0.2±0.0cd274.3±17.6bc3.4±0.4cde3.5±0.5abc
N341.7±1.1cd8.5±1.2g0.1±0.0d272.3±14.7bc3.2±0.5de2.7±0.4d
D2N042.3±1.0cd14.4±0.3cd0.3±0.0c278.7±4.2bc5.2±0.3b2.8±0.2d
N143.2±0.5bcd19.4±0.7a1.0±0.1a328.0±3.6a4.7±0.5c4.1±0.3a
N243.9±2.6abc15.3±0.4c0.3±0.0c282.3±8.5bc4.2±0.3c3.6±0.3abc
N345.9±2.1ab10.4±0.6f0.2±0.0cd268.3±5.7c2.8±0.1e3.7±0.2abc
D3N040.6±3.5d14.6±0.5cd0.3±0.1bc287.3±19.8bc4.1±0.8c3.6±0.7abc
N142.4±0.8cd19.4±1.6a1.0±0.2a330.0±2.7a7.1±0.5a2.7±0.1d
N244.3±0.5abc11.3±0.4ef0.1±0.0cd268.7±21.5c3.0±0.3e3.9±0.3ab
N346.6±1.3a10.7±2.3f0.2±0.1cd271.7±2.3bc3.5±0.7cde3.1±0.1cd
PDns****nsnsns
N************
D×N****ns***
), ArticleFig(id=1276466521333436607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Stem and leaf growth of sweetpotato at ridge sealing stage under different nitrogen application rates and planting densities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶鲜重Leaf fresh weight/g茎鲜重Stem fresh weight/g茎粗Stem diameter/mm最长蔓长Longest vine length/cm分枝数Number of branching
D1N091.8±9.7cd23.5±4.9cd7.0±0.8abc25.5±0.7cde4.7±0.6bcd
N1181.6±8.6ab49.4±10.2ab8.4±1.1a44.1±5.9a7.7±1.5a
N2206.1±43.3a55.7±12.1ab8.0±0.8ab39.8±0.4ab5.7±1.5bc
N3184.0±61.0ab61.2±14.6a6.3±0.7bc40.4±3.0ab6.0±0.0ab
D2N064.0±8.4cd15.1±2.1cd6.3±0.8bc22.8±3.6e4.0±0.0cd
N1209.6±76.8a46.8±5.3b7.9±0.6ab31.9±0.5cd6.0±1.0ab
N2112.2±23.5c28.4±2.2c5.9±0.5c33.6±2.8bc5.7±1.5bc
N3122.1±21.5bc24.7±3.7cd7.2±0.9abc30.0±5.4cde5.0±0.0bcd
D3N044.8±12.9d12.5±4.8d6.9±1.5abc26.7±9.1cde3.7±0.6d
N181.3±29.8cd22.5±6.2cd7.7±1.4ab29.6±4.9cde4.0±1.0cd
N289.9±16.9cd22.7±2.4cd6.8±0.3abc30.9±3.2cde4.0±0.0cd
N392.6±26.8cd23.3±4.5cd6.9±0.5abc25.0±3.0de5.0±1.0bcd
PD****ns****
N*********
D×N***nsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1276466521400545472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同施氮量和种植密度处理下封垄期甘薯的单株茎叶生长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶鲜重Leaf fresh weight/g茎鲜重Stem fresh weight/g茎粗Stem diameter/mm最长蔓长Longest vine length/cm分枝数Number of branching
D1N091.8±9.7cd23.5±4.9cd7.0±0.8abc25.5±0.7cde4.7±0.6bcd
N1181.6±8.6ab49.4±10.2ab8.4±1.1a44.1±5.9a7.7±1.5a
N2206.1±43.3a55.7±12.1ab8.0±0.8ab39.8±0.4ab5.7±1.5bc
N3184.0±61.0ab61.2±14.6a6.3±0.7bc40.4±3.0ab6.0±0.0ab
D2N064.0±8.4cd15.1±2.1cd6.3±0.8bc22.8±3.6e4.0±0.0cd
N1209.6±76.8a46.8±5.3b7.9±0.6ab31.9±0.5cd6.0±1.0ab
N2112.2±23.5c28.4±2.2c5.9±0.5c33.6±2.8bc5.7±1.5bc
N3122.1±21.5bc24.7±3.7cd7.2±0.9abc30.0±5.4cde5.0±0.0bcd
D3N044.8±12.9d12.5±4.8d6.9±1.5abc26.7±9.1cde3.7±0.6d
N181.3±29.8cd22.5±6.2cd7.7±1.4ab29.6±4.9cde4.0±1.0cd
N289.9±16.9cd22.7±2.4cd6.8±0.3abc30.9±3.2cde4.0±0.0cd
N392.6±26.8cd23.3±4.5cd6.9±0.5abc25.0±3.0de5.0±1.0bcd
PD****ns****
N*********
D×N***nsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1276466521585094849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Dry matter accumulation and distribution of sweetpotato under different nitrogen application and planting density treatments at ridge closure stage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment干重Dry weigh/(g·plant–1)干物质分配比Dry matter distribution ratio根冠比Root-top ratio (R/T)
叶Leaf茎Steam根Root叶Leaf茎Steam根Root
D1N011.6±0.4cd3.7±0.4e30.5±5.2ab0.3±0.0e0.1±0.0e0.7±0.0ab2.0±0.1a
N120.3±1.2b5.8±0.8c31.3±8.0bc0.4±0.1bc0.1±0.0bc0.5±0.1de1.0±0.4cd
N220.8±2.2b7.2±1.4a51.8±3.6a0.3±0.0e0.1±0.0bcd0.7±0.0abc1.9±0.3ab
N325.8±1.1a6.9±0.7ab9.6±0.7f0.6±0.0a0.2±0.0a0.2±0.0f0.3±0.0e
D2N08.3±1.1d2.4±0.0c19.5±1.1de0.3±0.0de0.1±0.0cde0.7±0.0abc1.8±0.1ab
N119.4±4.2b6.2±0.1e37.8±3.8b0.3±0.1cde0.1±0.0bc0.6±0.1bcd1.5±0.3bc
N212.8±2.3c3.6±0.0d22.0±7.5d0.3±0.0cd0.1±0.0bc0.6±0.1cd1.3±0.3cd
N312.5±0.3c3.0±0.2de21.0±6.7d0.4±0.1bc0.1±0.0bcde0.6±0.1cd1.4±0.4cd
D3N04.6±0.0e1.5±0.1f12.6±1.0ef0.2±0.0e0.1±0.0cde0.7±0.0ab2.1±0.2a
N19.0±2.7d2.5±0.1e24.8±1.4cd0.3±0.1e0.1±0.0de0.7±0.1a2.2±0.5a
N29.8±1.1cd2.7±0.1e10.7±0.4f0.4±0.0b0.1±0.0b0.5±0.0e0.9±0.1d
N38.2±0.8d3.7±0.2d10.8±0.6f0.4±0.0bc0.2±0.0a0.5±0.0e0.9±0.1d
PD********ns**ns
N**************
D×N**************
), ArticleFig(id=1276466521664786626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同施氮量和种植密度处理下的封垄期甘薯干物质积累与分配

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment干重Dry weigh/(g·plant–1)干物质分配比Dry matter distribution ratio根冠比Root-top ratio (R/T)
叶Leaf茎Steam根Root叶Leaf茎Steam根Root
D1N011.6±0.4cd3.7±0.4e30.5±5.2ab0.3±0.0e0.1±0.0e0.7±0.0ab2.0±0.1a
N120.3±1.2b5.8±0.8c31.3±8.0bc0.4±0.1bc0.1±0.0bc0.5±0.1de1.0±0.4cd
N220.8±2.2b7.2±1.4a51.8±3.6a0.3±0.0e0.1±0.0bcd0.7±0.0abc1.9±0.3ab
N325.8±1.1a6.9±0.7ab9.6±0.7f0.6±0.0a0.2±0.0a0.2±0.0f0.3±0.0e
D2N08.3±1.1d2.4±0.0c19.5±1.1de0.3±0.0de0.1±0.0cde0.7±0.0abc1.8±0.1ab
N119.4±4.2b6.2±0.1e37.8±3.8b0.3±0.1cde0.1±0.0bc0.6±0.1bcd1.5±0.3bc
N212.8±2.3c3.6±0.0d22.0±7.5d0.3±0.0cd0.1±0.0bc0.6±0.1cd1.3±0.3cd
N312.5±0.3c3.0±0.2de21.0±6.7d0.4±0.1bc0.1±0.0bcde0.6±0.1cd1.4±0.4cd
D3N04.6±0.0e1.5±0.1f12.6±1.0ef0.2±0.0e0.1±0.0cde0.7±0.0ab2.1±0.2a
N19.0±2.7d2.5±0.1e24.8±1.4cd0.3±0.1e0.1±0.0de0.7±0.1a2.2±0.5a
N29.8±1.1cd2.7±0.1e10.7±0.4f0.4±0.0b0.1±0.0b0.5±0.0e0.9±0.1d
N38.2±0.8d3.7±0.2d10.8±0.6f0.4±0.0bc0.2±0.0a0.5±0.0e0.9±0.1d
PD********ns**ns
N**************
D×N**************
), ArticleFig(id=1276466521736089795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Characteristics of sweetpotato in ridge-closing period under different nitrogen application rates and planting densities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment块根直径Storage root diameter/mm径级分布Root diameter distribution单株薯重Single plant yield/g单株结薯数Single storage root numbers单薯重Single root weight/g
5~20 mm>20 mm
D1N019.0±2.1ab4.0±1.7ab1.7±0.6ab124.3±21.1ab6.3±2.3a21.4±8.2ab
N121.9±6.4a1.7±1.5bc1.3±0.6ab98.8±51.7ab3.0±1.0c33.7±14.8ab
N220.8±4.8ab1.3±1.2bc2.0±1.7ab144.4±105.5a3.3±1.5c41.0±30.7ab
N318.0±0.8ab2.3±0.6abc0.7±0.6b55.6±24.3ab3.0±1.0c18.4±3.3ab
D2N020.1±1.7ab2.3±1.5abc1.3±0.6ab63.4±35.3ab3.3±1.5c18.5±7.4ab
N122.2±1.7a2.0±1.0abc2.7±0.6a145.5±44.4a4.7±1.5abc31.4±1.2ab
N217.8±2.3ab3.0±1.0abc1.0±0.0ab67.6±62.0ab4.0±1.0abc20.4±22.2ab
N318.5±2.8ab1.3±0.6bc1.7±1.2ab73.0±48.4ab3.0±1.0c22.5±8.3ab
D3N015.3±0.6b2.3±2.1abc1.3±0.6ab59.3±14.0ab3.7±1.5bc18.2±8.5ab
N117.1±0.2ab4.7±2.1a1.0±1.0ab74.7±27.6ab6.0±1.0ab13.2±6.5b
N217.1±3.3ab2.3±1.2abc0.7±0.6b48.8±15.3b2.7±0.6c18.6±5.0ab
N318.9±5.8ab1.0±1.7c1.3±1.2ab47.2±2.8b2.3±0.6c20.8±3.5ab
PDnsnsnsnsnsns
Nnsnsnsns*ns
D×Nnsnsnsns*ns
), ArticleFig(id=1276466521803198660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同施氮量和种植密度处理下的甘薯封垄期结薯特性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment块根直径Storage root diameter/mm径级分布Root diameter distribution单株薯重Single plant yield/g单株结薯数Single storage root numbers单薯重Single root weight/g
5~20 mm>20 mm
D1N019.0±2.1ab4.0±1.7ab1.7±0.6ab124.3±21.1ab6.3±2.3a21.4±8.2ab
N121.9±6.4a1.7±1.5bc1.3±0.6ab98.8±51.7ab3.0±1.0c33.7±14.8ab
N220.8±4.8ab1.3±1.2bc2.0±1.7ab144.4±105.5a3.3±1.5c41.0±30.7ab
N318.0±0.8ab2.3±0.6abc0.7±0.6b55.6±24.3ab3.0±1.0c18.4±3.3ab
D2N020.1±1.7ab2.3±1.5abc1.3±0.6ab63.4±35.3ab3.3±1.5c18.5±7.4ab
N122.2±1.7a2.0±1.0abc2.7±0.6a145.5±44.4a4.7±1.5abc31.4±1.2ab
N217.8±2.3ab3.0±1.0abc1.0±0.0ab67.6±62.0ab4.0±1.0abc20.4±22.2ab
N318.5±2.8ab1.3±0.6bc1.7±1.2ab73.0±48.4ab3.0±1.0c22.5±8.3ab
D3N015.3±0.6b2.3±2.1abc1.3±0.6ab59.3±14.0ab3.7±1.5bc18.2±8.5ab
N117.1±0.2ab4.7±2.1a1.0±1.0ab74.7±27.6ab6.0±1.0ab13.2±6.5b
N217.1±3.3ab2.3±1.2abc0.7±0.6b48.8±15.3b2.7±0.6c18.6±5.0ab
N318.9±5.8ab1.0±1.7c1.3±1.2ab47.2±2.8b2.3±0.6c20.8±3.5ab
PDnsnsnsnsnsns
Nnsnsnsns*ns
D×Nnsnsnsns*ns
), ArticleFig(id=1276466522004525253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Yield and its components of sweet potato at harvest under different nitrogen application rates and planting densities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment单株结薯数Storage root numbers per plant单株薯重Root weight per plant/g单薯重Single root weight/g产量Root yield/(t·hm–2)
D1N04.7±0.6ab271.2±109.2bcde60.8±32.8ab12.8±0.3e
N15.7±0.6a327.0±63.1abc57.6±7.6ab21.2±0.6cd
N25.7±0.6a381.4±101.8ab68.4±22.0ab21.2±4.5cd
N35.0±1.0ab428.6±112.0a88.8±29.6a21.1±1.3cd
D2N04.0±1.0b229.3±24.0cde58.8±8.8ab15.3±1.4e
N15.3±0.6a283.8±21.3bcde53.4±3.4b19.9±2.6d
N25.0±0.0ab276.5±81.6bcde55.3±16.3ab24.6±0.5b
N34.7±0.6ab293.7±76.6bcd63.9±19.1ab23.8±0.6bc
D3N04.0±0.0b150.3±5.7e37.6±1.4b23.0±1.3bcd
N14.7±0.6ab189.9±6.1de41.1±5.6b30.1±1.5a
N24.0±1.0b235.7±33.1cde61.5±18.8ab29.4±1.7a
N34.0±0.0b175.3±68.7de43.8±17.2b27.7±0.3a
PD*******
N*nsns**
D×Nnsnsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1276466522117771462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同施氮量和种植密度处理下的甘薯收获期产量及其构成因素

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment单株结薯数Storage root numbers per plant单株薯重Root weight per plant/g单薯重Single root weight/g产量Root yield/(t·hm–2)
D1N04.7±0.6ab271.2±109.2bcde60.8±32.8ab12.8±0.3e
N15.7±0.6a327.0±63.1abc57.6±7.6ab21.2±0.6cd
N25.7±0.6a381.4±101.8ab68.4±22.0ab21.2±4.5cd
N35.0±1.0ab428.6±112.0a88.8±29.6a21.1±1.3cd
D2N04.0±1.0b229.3±24.0cde58.8±8.8ab15.3±1.4e
N15.3±0.6a283.8±21.3bcde53.4±3.4b19.9±2.6d
N25.0±0.0ab276.5±81.6bcde55.3±16.3ab24.6±0.5b
N34.7±0.6ab293.7±76.6bcd63.9±19.1ab23.8±0.6bc
D3N04.0±0.0b150.3±5.7e37.6±1.4b23.0±1.3bcd
N14.7±0.6ab189.9±6.1de41.1±5.6b30.1±1.5a
N24.0±1.0b235.7±33.1cde61.5±18.8ab29.4±1.7a
N34.0±0.0b175.3±68.7de43.8±17.2b27.7±0.3a
PD*******
N*nsns**
D×Nnsnsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1276466522239406279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Commodity of sweet potato root at harvest stage under different nitrogen application and planting density treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment单株薯重Single plant yield/g单薯重Single root weight/g单株商品结薯数Commercial storage root numbers小型薯率Small potato rate/%大中型薯率Large and medium size rate/%商品率Commodity rate/%
D1N0275.1±73.3abcd91.7±24.4abc3.0±0.0ab67.0±0.0ab33.0±0.0ab90.7±2.6a
N1348.8±79.1abc104.6±17.2abc3.3±0.6a69.7±4.6ab30.3±4.6ab69.3±1.1ab
N2358.0±108.9ab140.1±5.2ab2.3±0.6abc61.0±3.5ab39.0±3.5ab67.0±1.5ab
N3411.8±122.4a122.0±15.8abc3.3±0.6a41.7±2.2b58.3±2.2a81.7±1.6ab
D2N0218.6±70.6bcde92.7±8.3abc2.0±1.0bc72.3±2.5ab27.7±2.5ab77.0±1.4ab
N1213.2±36.2bcde116.2±7.1abc2.0±0.0bc33.3±2.9b66.7±2.9b74.3±1.2ab
N2243.6±99.0abcde148.1±33.9a1.7±0.6c33.3±2.9b66.7±2.9b63.3±1.6ab
N3296.7±101.6abcde91.6±1.2abc3.0±1.0ab52.7±2.1ab47.3±2.1ab73.0±1.0abb
D3N081.8±48.858.8±9.41.3±0.6100.0±0.00.0±0.043.0±6.6
N1169.1±172.0cde126.8±45.1ab1.3±1.2c50.0±0.0ab50.0±0.0ab94.3±1.9a
N2154.0±87.6de124.9±91.6ab1.3±0.6c66.7±5.8ab33.3±5.7ab70.0±4.9ab
N3111.0±84.7de76.3±25.4bc1.3±0.6c83.3±2.9ab16.7±2.9ab46.3±1.5b
PD**ns**nsnsns
Nns*nsnsnsns
D×Nnsnsnsnsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1276466522319098056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同施氮量和种植密度处理下的甘薯收获期块根商品性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment单株薯重Single plant yield/g单薯重Single root weight/g单株商品结薯数Commercial storage root numbers小型薯率Small potato rate/%大中型薯率Large and medium size rate/%商品率Commodity rate/%
D1N0275.1±73.3abcd91.7±24.4abc3.0±0.0ab67.0±0.0ab33.0±0.0ab90.7±2.6a
N1348.8±79.1abc104.6±17.2abc3.3±0.6a69.7±4.6ab30.3±4.6ab69.3±1.1ab
N2358.0±108.9ab140.1±5.2ab2.3±0.6abc61.0±3.5ab39.0±3.5ab67.0±1.5ab
N3411.8±122.4a122.0±15.8abc3.3±0.6a41.7±2.2b58.3±2.2a81.7±1.6ab
D2N0218.6±70.6bcde92.7±8.3abc2.0±1.0bc72.3±2.5ab27.7±2.5ab77.0±1.4ab
N1213.2±36.2bcde116.2±7.1abc2.0±0.0bc33.3±2.9b66.7±2.9b74.3±1.2ab
N2243.6±99.0abcde148.1±33.9a1.7±0.6c33.3±2.9b66.7±2.9b63.3±1.6ab
N3296.7±101.6abcde91.6±1.2abc3.0±1.0ab52.7±2.1ab47.3±2.1ab73.0±1.0abb
D3N081.8±48.858.8±9.41.3±0.6100.0±0.00.0±0.043.0±6.6
N1169.1±172.0cde126.8±45.1ab1.3±1.2c50.0±0.0ab50.0±0.0ab94.3±1.9a
N2154.0±87.6de124.9±91.6ab1.3±0.6c66.7±5.8ab33.3±5.7ab70.0±4.9ab
N3111.0±84.7de76.3±25.4bc1.3±0.6c83.3±2.9ab16.7±2.9ab46.3±1.5b
PD**ns**nsnsns
Nns*nsnsnsns
D×Nnsnsnsnsnsns
), ArticleFig(id=1276466522432344265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Correlation analysis of nitrogen application rate and planting density with agronomic traits of sweet potato

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目ItemX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11X12X13X14X15X16
X11.000
X20.0001.000
X30.097–0.576**1.000
X40.1210.520**–0.1771.000
X5–0.574**0.3190.0490.122
X6–0.593**0.359*–0.0730.0350.901**1.000
X7–0.081–0.0910.338*0.1910.362*0.355*1.000
X8–0.447**0.3070.004–0.0760.628**0.722**0.1881.000
X9–0.541**0.2390.1140.1280.649**0.643**0.3060.612**1.000
X10–0.712**0.354*–0.110–0.0080.862**0.933**0.2530.722**0.661**1.000
X11–0.601**0.388*–0.0720.0280.871**0.933**0.329*0.666**0.625**0.904**1.000
X12–0.521**–0.2160.353*–0.0750.552**0.421*0.433**0.3100.348*0.410*0.470**1.000
X13–0.1750.629**–0.516**0.1220.3130.477**–0.1760.418*0.2980.550**0.417*–0.504**1.000
X140.0800.670**–0.440**0.2710.2290.367*–0.1130.2220.2330.2930.454**–0.482**0.733**1.000
X150.108–0.667**0.523**–0.160–0.300–0.467**0.167–0.384*–0.293–0.505**–0.438**0.534**–0.985**–0.838**1.000
X160.704**0.489**0.0220.337*–0.124–0.1520.0230.073–0.135–0.228–0.181–0.3240.1400.255–0.1841.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276466522507841738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276213388644578028, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

施氮量和种植密度与甘薯农艺性状的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目ItemX1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11X12X13X14X15X16
X11.000
X20.0001.000
X30.097–0.576**1.000
X40.1210.520**–0.1771.000
X5–0.574**0.3190.0490.122
X6–0.593**0.359*–0.0730.0350.901**1.000
X7–0.081–0.0910.338*0.1910.362*0.355*1.000
X8–0.447**0.3070.004–0.0760.628**0.722**0.1881.000
X9–0.541**0.2390.1140.1280.649**0.643**0.3060.612**1.000
X10–0.712**0.354*–0.110–0.0080.862**0.933**0.2530.722**0.661**1.000
X11–0.601**0.388*–0.0720.0280.871**0.933**0.329*0.666**0.625**0.904**1.000
X12–0.521**–0.2160.353*–0.0750.552**0.421*0.433**0.3100.348*0.410*0.470**1.000
X13–0.1750.629**–0.516**0.1220.3130.477**–0.1760.418*0.2980.550**0.417*–0.504**1.000
X140.0800.670**–0.440**0.2710.2290.367*–0.1130.2220.2330.2930.454**–0.482**0.733**1.000
X150.108–0.667**0.523**–0.160–0.300–0.467**0.167–0.384*–0.293–0.505**–0.438**0.534**–0.985**–0.838**1.000
X160.704**0.489**0.0220.337*–0.124–0.1520.0230.073–0.135–0.228–0.181–0.3240.1400.255–0.1841.000
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施氮量和种植密度对甘薯封垄期干物质积累和分配及收获期产量的影响
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陈玥 1 , 梁清干 2 , 王蒙召 1 , 陈艳丽 1 , 朱国鹏 1, **
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(4): 761-771
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (4) : 761 -771
施氮量和种植密度对甘薯封垄期干物质积累和分配及收获期产量的影响
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陈玥1, 梁清干2, 王蒙召1, 陈艳丽1, 朱国鹏1, **
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南海口 572025
  • 2.广东省科学院南繁种业研究所,广东广州 510310
通讯作者:
** 朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution at Ridge Sealing Stage and Yield at Harvest Stage of Sweetpotato
Yue CHEN1, Qinggan LIANG2, Mengzhao WANG1, Yanli CHEN1, Guopeng ZHU1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China
  • 2.Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510310, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.012
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为探讨氮肥用量和种植密度对甘薯封垄期干物质积累和分配及收获期产量的影响,提升海南地区甘薯栽培技术,于2019—2020年进行田间试验,以鲜食型甘薯品种高系14为试验材料,设置3个种植密度,即47 600株/hm2(D1)、71 400株/hm2(D2)、142 900株/hm2(D3);4个施氮量,即0 kg/hm2(N0)、60 kg/hm2(N1)、120 kg/hm2(N2)、180 kg/hm2(N3),采用双因素裂区设计,以种植密度为主区,施氮量为副区,研究不同种植密度和施氮量组合对高系14封垄期的光合特性、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、茎叶生长、源库干物质积累与分配特性、封垄期结薯特性、收获期产量及其构成因素和商品性的影响。结果表明:在同一种植密度下,甘薯封垄期的叶片净光合速率(Pn)、茎叶鲜重、分枝数、最长蔓长、单株结薯数及商品薯单薯重随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,在N1处理时最大;甘薯产量随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,在N2处理时最大,较N0提高了32.0%,但N2与N1处理间无显著差异;在同一施氮量下,甘薯块根干物质分配比随种植密度的增加先增加后降低,D2处理达到最大但D2与D3处理间无显著差异;根冠比和产量随种植密度的增加显著增加,在D3处理时最大,其中D3产量较D1、D2分别提高了30.9%和24.1%。相关性分析结果表明,在对块根干物质积累和分配的影响效应中,施氮量和种植密度均有显著影响,而对甘薯收获期产量的影响效应中,种植密度与收获期产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.704。综合本试验结果,当施氮量为60 kg/hm2、种植密度为142 900株/hm2处理(D3N1)时,高系14的产量最高,达到30.1 t/hm2,其对应薯块商品率为94.3%,均为所有处理中最佳。

甘薯  /  施氮量  /  种植密度  /  干物质积累  /  分配  /  产量

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate and planting density on the source-sink relationship and yield of sweet potato during ridge-sealing period, and to improve the cultivation techniques of sweet potato in Hainan, a field experiment was carried out from 2019 to 2020. The fresh-eating sweet potato variety Gaoxi14 was used as the test material, and three planting densities were set up, namely 47 600 plants/hm2 (D1), 71, 400 plants/hm2 (D2) and 142 900 plants/hm2 (D3). Four nitrogen application rates (0 kg/hm2 (N0), 60 kg/hm2 (N1), 120 kg/hm2 (N2), 180 kg/hm2 (N3) were designed in a double-factor split plot design with planting density as the main plot and nitrogen application rate as the subplot to study the effects of different planting densities and nitrogen application rates on photosynthetic characteristics, the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), stem and leaf growth, dry matter accumulation and distribution in source and sink, tuber characteristics in ridge-sealing period, yield and its components and commodity in harvest period of Gaoxi14. Under the same planting density, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), fresh weight of stem and leaf, number of branches, longest vine length, number of tubers per plant and single tuber weight of commercial sweet potato increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and reached the maximum at N1 treatment. The yield of sweet potato increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and reached the maximum under N2 treatment, which was 32.0% higher than that under N0 treatment, but there was no significant difference between N2 and N1 treatments. Under the same nitrogen application rate, the dry matter distribution ratio of sweet potato roots increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density. The D2 treatment reached the maximum but there was no significant difference between D2 and D3 treatments. The root shoot ratio and yield increased significantly with the increase of planting density, and reached the maximum at D3 treatment. The yield of D3 was 30.9% and 24.1% higher than that of D1 and D2, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen application rate and planting density had significant effects on the dry matter accumulation and distribution of root tubers, while the planting density had a significant positive correlation with the yield of sweet potato at harvest stage, and the correlation coefficient was 0.704. Based on the results of this experiment, when the nitrogen application rate was 60 kg/hm2 and the planting density was 142 900 plants/hm2 (D3N1), the yield of Gaoxi 14 was the highest, reaching 30.1 t/hm2, and the corresponding potato commodity rate was 94.3%, which was the best among all treatments.

sweetpotato  /  nitrogen application rate  /  planting density  /  dry matter accumulation  /  distribution  /  yield
陈玥, 梁清干, 王蒙召, 陈艳丽, 朱国鹏. 施氮量和种植密度对甘薯封垄期干物质积累和分配及收获期产量的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (4) : 761 -771 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.012
Yue CHEN, Qinggan LIANG, Mengzhao WANG, Yanli CHEN, Guopeng ZHU. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate and Planting Density on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution at Ridge Sealing Stage and Yield at Harvest Stage of Sweetpotato[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (4) : 761 -771 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.012
甘薯[Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam]是世界三大薯类作物之一,是我国第四大粮食作物[1]。甘薯块根产量由栽植密度,单株结薯数,单薯重共同决定,栽植密度一定时,单株结薯数对产量贡献较大[2-3]。甘薯单株结薯数在封垄期趋于稳定,其与块根商品性和外观性状密切相关[4]。研究表明增加甘薯单株结薯数,可明显改善块根外观性状、商品性和产量[5]
源库关系的建立、发展和平衡,对作物产量形成具有重要的意义。一方面,“源”的生长决定光合产物的多少及其运转能力,为“源”的形成和发育提供必要的物质基础;另一方面,“源”的形成和发育反馈“源”的光合产物合成和运输,从而调节“源”的生长[6]。甘薯具有典型的源库关系,源库协调发展是甘薯获得高产的重要前提。氮素是甘薯生长发育所必须的大量营养元素[7],在甘薯生长前期,合理的氮素运筹可促进源端光合同化物的合成、分配和积累[8]。如果氮素施用量过低或过多则导致源叶发育失衡,光合产物的合成、分配和积累受阻,抑制块根分化建成[9-10]。种植密度是调节作物群体结构的有效手段,良好的群体结构,可优化作物个体的光合特性[11]。合理的种植密度可以提高水肥利用效率,促进源叶生长,提高干物质分配比,促进库的形成[12-14]。氮肥和种植密度综合管理是优化作物群体结构、促进养分吸收、提高生产能力、改善品质、增加产量的有效措施[15-16]。因此生产上可通过氮肥和种植密度运筹(简称:氮密运筹。下同)的途径提高作物干物质生产能力和产量。
截至目前,有关氮肥或种植密度单因素对甘薯产量和品质影响的研究较多,其二者互作效应对甘薯干物质积累特性和产量的影响鲜有报道。因此,本试验以海南省主栽品种高系14为研究材料,探究氮密运筹对甘薯生长前期光合特性、茎叶发育、干物质分配和结薯特性的影响以及收获期产量的影响,为甘薯高产高效栽培生产技术的研究与应用提供理论依据。
试验于2019年在海南省土壤总站琼海中原基地(19°09′89″N,110°51′27″E)进行。供试品种为鲜食型品种高系14。供试土壤为沙壤土(含沙量50.4%),0~30 cm土壤基本理化性状为:pH 6.8,有机质1.2%,碱解氮52.6 mg/kg,有效磷9.0 mg/kg,速效钾80.6 mg/kg。
大田试验采用双因素裂区设计,主区为种植密度(D),D1:47 600株/hm2(株距:30 cm);D2:71 400株/hm2(株距:20 cm);D3:142 900株/hm2(株距:10 cm)。副区为氮肥水平(N),N0:不施氮肥;N1:施纯氮60 kg/hm2;N2:施纯氮120 kg/hm2;N3:施纯氮180 kg/hm2。3次重复,小区面积20 m2。2019年11月3日种植,同时一次性施入P2O5 120 kg/hm2、K2O 120 kg/hm2,氮、磷、钾肥分别为尿素(含N 46%)、过磷酸钙(含P2O5 12%)和硫酸钾(含K2O 50%),2020年3月4日收获。全生育期管理同一般大田生产。
栽后茎叶封垄期,晴天上午9:00—11:00,利用Li-6400型便携式光合作用测定仪,测定功能叶(茎尖第4片完全展开叶)净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)。利用SPAD-502便携式叶绿素测定仪(日本Konica Minoltal公司生产),测定功能叶(茎尖第4片完全展开叶)叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)值。每次测定5株取其平均值,每小区重复3次。水分利用效率(WUE)=净光合速率(Pn)/蒸腾速率(Tr[17]
栽后茎叶封垄期,每小区随机选取具有代表性植株5株,分别调查甘薯地上部和地下部农艺性状。地上部农艺性状包括单株的茎叶鲜重、分枝数、最长蔓长、茎粗等;地下部农艺性状包括块根鲜重和结薯数,根据WANG等[18]划分方式,将块根分为不定根粗根(2<F≤5 mm),膨大根(5<F≤20 mm)和贮藏根(F>20 mm),调查后将茎叶和块根分别装入信封,105 ℃烘箱中杀青30 min,晾干后,80 ℃烘干至恒重,称量干重并计算干物质分配比及根冠比(R/T值)。干物质分配比=植株某部位干重/植株总干重;R/T=甘薯地下部干重/甘薯地上部干重。
栽后120 d收获并进行测产。根据汪宝卿等[5]划分标准,将块根直径达到1.0 cm以上且有明显膨大部位的甘薯块根为有效薯块。将所有薯块完整挖出,记录每个试验小区的有效株数、有效薯块数量和薯块鲜重,统计单株结薯数,单株薯重,单薯重和产量。另外每小区选取5株代表性植株,调查块根商品性,将具有明显膨大部位的直径1.0 cm、单薯重50 g以上的薯块为商品薯。近年来在鲜薯市场交易中,将50~100 g的块根为小型薯块;100~250 g为中型薯块;250 g以上为大型薯块。
试验数据利用Microsoft Excel 2021和SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,采用Duncan’s新复极差法进行差异显著性分析,采用Pearson进行相关性分析。
由方差分析结果(表1)可知,种植密度对甘薯封垄期的PnGs存在极显著影响,施氮量对甘薯封垄期的SPAD、WUE和PnGsTrCi均有显著影响,密度和施氮量二者交互作用对甘薯GsTr存在极显著作用,对SPAD、Pn、WUE存在显著作用。随着施氮量的增加,各处理间差异显著:其中SPAD呈现逐渐增加的趋势,其均值在N3处理达到最大;PnGsCiTr、WUE均呈先增加后降低的趋势,在N1处理时达到最大。随着种植密度的增加,对甘薯的SPAD和Tr值的影响差异不显著;PnGs均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其均值在D2处理达到最大值;WUE呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其均值也在D2处理达到最大。
表2可知,不同的氮肥施用量对甘薯封垄期叶鲜重、茎鲜重、最长蔓长和分枝数等影响显著,而种植密度和施氮量二者交互作用仅在叶鲜重和茎鲜重的影响差异显著。随着施氮量的增加,茎叶鲜重、茎粗、主茎长和分枝数呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中N1处理下,叶鲜重、茎鲜重、茎粗、最长蔓长和分枝数均值最高,较处理N0分别增加了57.6%、56.9%、15.9%、29.0%和30.2%。随着种植密度的增加,叶鲜重、茎鲜重和最长蔓长逐渐下降,在D1处理下,叶鲜重、茎鲜重、主茎长和分枝数均值较高,较处理D3各指标分别增加了57.6%、57.3%、25.1%和30.5%。
表3可知,随着施氮量的增加,甘薯封垄期叶干重、茎干重、根干重呈先增加后降低的趋势,其均值在N1处理下达到最大;干物质茎叶分配比呈逐渐增加的趋势,N3处理的干物质叶分配比显著高于N0、N1、N2处理;干物质根分配比例和根冠比呈逐渐降低的趋势,其均值在N0处理下达到最大。随着种植密度的增加,甘薯封垄期叶干重、茎干重、根干重、干物质叶分配比均呈逐渐减少的趋势,其均值在D1处理下均值达到最大且显著高于D2、D3处理;干物质茎分配比呈逐渐增加的趋势,其均值在D3处理下最大;干物质根分配比例呈先增加后降低的趋势,其均值在D2处理达到最大且显著高于D1处理,但D2与D3处理间无显著差异;根冠比呈逐渐增加的趋势,其均值在D3处理下达到最大。由此可见,在本试验条件下,不同的种植密度对甘薯封垄期叶干重、茎干重、根干重、干物质叶分配比和干物质根分配比有显著影响,施氮量以及种植密度和施氮量二者交互作用均对甘薯封垄期叶干重、茎干重、根干重、干物质叶分配比、干物质茎分配比、干物质根分配比、根冠比有显著影响。
表4可知,随着施氮量的增加,甘薯封垄期的块根直径、贮藏根、单株薯重、单株结薯数和单薯重呈先增加后下降的趋势,其中块根直径、贮藏根、单株薯重、单株结薯数均值在N1处理达到最大,单薯重均值在N2处理达到最大;膨大根呈逐渐降低的趋势。随着种植密度的增加,甘薯封垄期的块根直径、单株薯重、单株结薯数和单薯重逐渐降低,其均值均在D1处理下最大;膨大根呈现先降低后增加的趋势,其均值在D3处理下最大;贮藏根呈先增加后降低的趋势,其均值在D2处理下最大。施氮量以及施氮量和种植密度二者交互作用对单株结薯数有显著影响。施氮量对甘薯封垄期结薯特性的影响高于种植密度。
由收获期整个试验小区调查与统计分析结果可知(表5),随着施氮量的增加,甘薯单株结薯数和产量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,单株结薯数的均值在N1时达到最大,较N0时增加了19.2%;甘薯产量均值在N2时达到最大,较N0增加了32.0%。随着种植密度的增加,甘薯单株结薯数、单株薯重和单薯重呈逐渐降低的趋势,其均值均在D1处理时达到最大,较D3增加了20.6%、46.7%和33.2%;甘薯产量呈逐渐增加的趋势,其均值在D3处理时达到最大。种植密度对甘薯单株结薯数、单株薯重、单薯重和产量达到显著影响,施氮量对甘薯单株结薯数和产量达到显著影响,种植密度和施氮量二者交互作用对其影响均不显著。综合产量结果分析,甘薯产量在D3N1时最大,达到30.1 t/hm2;在D1N0时最低,仅12.8 t/hm2
试验小区5株代表性植株商品薯调查结果见表6。由表6可知,随着施氮量的增加,甘薯单薯重呈先增加后降低的趋势,其均值在N1时达到最大,N0时最小;甘薯小型薯率呈先降低后增加的趋势,其均值在N0时达到最大;甘薯大中型薯率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其均值在N1处理最大,在N0处理时最小。随着种植密度的增加,甘薯单株薯重、单株结薯数呈逐渐降低的趋势,其均值均在D1处理时达到最大,在D3处理时最小;甘薯小型薯率呈先降低后增加的趋势,其均值在D3处理时达到最大;甘薯大中型薯率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,其均值在D2处理时达到最大。种植密度对甘薯单株薯重、单株商品结薯数有显著影响,施氮量对甘薯单薯重有显著影响。综合商品率的结果分析,甘薯商品率在D3N1时最大,达到94.3%;在D3N0时最低,达到43.0%。
对甘薯施氮量、种植密度及农艺性状进行Pearson相关性分析(表7)可见,施氮量与SPAD、干物质叶分配比、干物质茎分配比和收获期产量均呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.520、0.629、0.670和0.489;与茎鲜重、叶干重和茎干重均呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.359、0.354和0.388;与净光合速率和根干物质分配比呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.576和-0.667。种植密度与收获期产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.704;与叶鲜重、茎鲜重、主茎长、分枝数、叶干重、茎干重和根干重均呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.574、-0.593、-0.447、-0.541、-0.712、0.601和-0.521。净光合速率与根干重呈显著正相关,与干物质根分配比呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.353和0.523,说明提高光合速率有利于块根干物质积累与分配,促进块根形成。甘薯干物质根分配比和产量与叶鲜重、茎鲜重、分枝数、叶干重、茎干重均呈负相关关系,表明甘薯地上部旺盛生长不利于干物质向块根转运和块根产量的形成。
地上部茎蔓和地下部块根的协调生长是甘薯取得高产的关键,而氮肥对茎蔓的生长和块根的形成以及二者的协调生长有较大的影响[19]。研究表明,适量施氮可增加甘薯叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量,促进地上部快速生长,保障干物质生产及其合理分配,从而提高块根产量[20]。本研究中,适当增施氮肥(60 kg/hm2)可以促进甘薯SPAD和净光合速率,增加茎叶鲜重、茎粗、最长蔓长和分枝数,从而促进地上部“源”的建成,为干物质合成奠定基础,而继续提高氮肥施用量则抑制甘薯茎叶生长,这与窦怀良等[21]部分研究结果相一致。水肥运筹与干物质和氮素的吸收、转移及分配有着紧密联系且存在显著交互作用[22-23]。本研究还发现,施纯氮量为60 kg/hm2时有助于单株干物质积累,促进干物质向地下部分配,有效提高甘薯产量。适量施氮明显提高土壤有效水分的利用、作物的蒸腾效率和水分利用效率[24]。本研究表明,适宜的氮密处理能够提高甘薯对土壤水分的利用,D2N1处理的水分利用效率最高,与不施氮肥低密度(D1N0)相比增加了21.3%,这是由于适量施肥能够提高作物的渗透调节能力,显著抑制甘薯叶片蒸腾失水,并且促进甘薯冠层发育,增加了蒸腾量,减少了蒸发量,使水分利用效率显著提高。也证实了适量施氮使甘薯地上部分生长前期快速生长,提高群体光合性能,保障干物质生产及其合理分配,从而提高块根产量[25-26]
甘薯是以收获块根为目的的作物,甘薯地上部茎叶不断制造和运输光合产物,形成了甘薯的“源”,地下部块根积累碳水化合物,即为甘薯的“库”,而合理的栽植密度是提高库容的前提[15]。研究表明,增加种植密度,提高“库”容,才能承接更多地上部合成的光合产物,然而密度过高会使甘薯的根系受到抑制,薯块变小,不利于提高产量[27-28]。本研究中,随着种植密度的增加,叶片净光合速率先增加后降低,植株间生长紧凑,通风透光不良,造成最长蔓长、茎叶干鲜重呈降低趋势,但同时块根干物质分配比、根冠比和产量逐渐增加。这表明,在一定范围内,随着种植密度的增加,植株冠层结构较为合理,光合产物向地下部的分配比例增加,为甘薯后期块根膨大提供较多的光合产物。这与宁运旺等[9]的部分研究结果一致。
甘薯块根的产量由种植密度、单株结薯数和单株薯重3个要素构成,在种植密度一定时,单株结薯数对产量的影响最大[2]。已有研究表明,增施氮肥可以提高甘薯干物质生产能力和块根产量,施氮过高会延迟结薯,导致地上部旺盛,块根产量降低[29];增加种植密度可以提高甘薯块根膨大过程中光合产物的转运能力,提高光合产物向块根中的分配比率,促进块根膨大,从而增加甘薯单株结薯数和商品薯率,提高甘薯块根产量[30-31]。本研究发现,高系14的单株结薯数随着氮肥施用量的增加呈现先提高后降低的趋势,N1较N0处理增加了19.2%;增加种植密度显著降低甘薯单株结薯数、单株薯重和单薯重。当施氮量为60 kg/hm2和种植密度为142 900株/hm2处理(D3N1)时,高系14的产量及商品性均达到最大。这与杜祥备等[32]、刘明等[11]的部分研究结果相一致。
甘薯块根的大小、长度、直径、整齐度等与其外观品质密切相关,而块根的外观品质是影响鲜食型甘薯市场认可度的重要因素[33]。研究表明,甘薯结薯数多的品种,小型和大型薯块的比例较低,中型薯块的比例较高,块根的外观商品较好[34]。本研究发现,在一定范围内,适当增施氮肥(60 kg/hm2)增加甘薯收获期的单株结薯数和大中型薯率,但随着种植密度的增加,地下部因为竞争空间和营养,甘薯单薯重呈逐渐降低的趋势,而在本研究中,将具有明显膨大部位的直径1.0 cm、单薯重50 g以上的薯块定义为商品薯,因此种植密度增加与单株商品薯较低呈负相关关系,即随着种植密度增加,单株非商品薯数量也增加。虽然D3处理种植密度单株商品薯数量较小,但是其种植株数较多,因此其商品薯产量仍然较高。
综上所述,当施氮量为60 kg/hm2、种植密度为142 900株/hm2处理(D3N1)时,高系14的产量最高。相关性分析表明,种植密度对产量的相关系数高于施氮量。适宜的氮密处理可改善甘薯封垄期光合特性,有利于源端光合碳转化和分配,促进块根干物质积累,提高根冠比,促进甘薯块根形成,增加了块根数量,提高甘薯块根产量和改善块根商品性,为甘薯高效生产奠定基础。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDFY2020226)
  • 国家甘薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-10-sweetpotato)
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2024年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.012
  • 接收时间:2022-11-02
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-02
  • 修回日期:2023-03-07
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDFY2020226)
国家甘薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-10-sweetpotato)
作者信息
    1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南海口 572025
    2.广东省科学院南繁种业研究所,广东广州 510310

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** 朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.04.012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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