Article(id=1276204509336572344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712073600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-03, revisedDate=1722441600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200465758, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200465758, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200465758, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200465758, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276204178091413862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2737', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1735056000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200386783, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782200456354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2697, endPage=2708, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276204509865054650, articleId=1276204509336572344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Analysis of Anticancer Activity on Mouse Hepatocarcinoma Cells Hepa 1-6 of Small Molecule Compounds in Sanghuangporus spp. Aqueous Extract, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and terpenes in Sanghuangporus spp. aqueous extract have inhibitory effects on tumor cells, but the function was not yet clear. This study obtained small molecule compounds of Sanghuangporus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai and Phellinus baumii aqueous extracts through 3000 D ultrafiltration, and studied the inhibitory activities on mouse hepatocarcinoma cells Hepa 1-6 using dual fluorescence labeling. The anticancer active ingredients were analyzed using metabolomics analysis. The results showed that the small molecule compounds of S. sanghuang Sheng H. Wu and P. baumii could induce injury and apoptosis of Hepa 1-6, with inhibition rates of (38.64±4.35)% and (32.52±3.57)%, respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibition rates of small molecule compounds reached (77.27±6.21)% and (76.92±5.45)%, respectively, after mixing with crude polysaccharides. Metabolomic analysis showed that anti-cancer small molecular agents such as ellipticine, betonicine, cerebroside-B etc., were identified in the aqueous extract of Sanghuangporus spp. Antitumor related substances such as heterocyclic compounds (6-fluoroindole, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole, etc.), nucleoside and bases (1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, 2'-O-methyladenosine, etc.), dipeptides (leucine+*, isoleucine+*, γ-glutamine+*, etc.), sugar alcohols (xylitol, ribose, mannitol, erythritol, etc.), were identified too. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of Sanghuangporus spp. contains multiple small molecular agents against tumor cells, which have a synergistic anti-cancer effect with biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides. This would provide a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism of anti-tumor of Sanghuangporus spp. and the development and application of functional substances.

, authors=null, authorsList=Tao GENG, Qingxiang ZHOU, Hongxian WEI, Fuping LU, Huazhou WU, Dezhao LOU, Shuchang WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuchang WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276204513564430790, articleId=1276204509336572344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=桑黄水提物中小分子化合物对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6的抑制活性分析, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

桑黄(Sanghuangporus spp.)水提物中多糖、萜烯类化合物等生物大分子具有抑制肿瘤细胞的作用,但桑黄水提物中小分子化合物的功能尚不明确。本研究通过3000 D超滤法获得桑黄小分子化合物,通过双荧光标记法研究其对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6的抑制活性,通过代谢组分析法解析其抑癌活性成分。结果表明:桑树桑黄(Sanghuangporus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai)和杨树桑黄(Phellinus baumii)小分子化合物均能诱导小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6的损伤和凋亡,其抑制率分别为(38.64±4.35)%和(32.52±3.57)%;桑黄小分子化合物与桑黄粗多糖共同处理Hepa 1-6细胞,其抑制率则分别达到(77.27±6.21)%和(76.92±5.45)%;代谢组分析表明桑黄小分子化合物中包括玫瑰树碱、左旋水苏碱、脑苷-B等已知明确具有抑癌功能的化合物,同时鉴定出杂环类(6-氟吲哚、2,4,6-三甲基吡啶、1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚等)、核苷-碱基类(1-甲基腺苷、N6-甲基腺苷、2'-O-甲基腺苷等)、二肽类(如亮氨酸+*、异亮氨酸+*和γ-谷氨酰+*)、糖醇类(木糖醇、核糖醇、甘露醇、赤藓糖醇等)等可能参与肿瘤抑制作用的活性物质。研究表明桑黄水提物含有多种抑制肿瘤细胞的小分子化合物,且与桑黄粗多糖等生物大分子起到协同抑癌作用。研究结果为解析桑黄抑制肿瘤作用机制和功能物质开发应用提供科学依据。

, authors=

耿涛(1984—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:蚕桑资源多元利用。

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* 王树昌(WANG Shuchang),E-mail:
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耿涛(1984—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:蚕桑资源多元利用。

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耿涛(1984—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:蚕桑资源多元利用。

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A:水提物;B:粗多糖;C:超滤液;D:粗多糖+超滤液。Hoechst33258:标记细胞核完整活细胞和凋亡细胞,发出蓝色荧光;EthD-Ⅲ:标记细胞膜损伤和死细胞,发出红色荧光;Merged:合并后紫色细胞为凋亡细胞。

, figureFileSmall=4fx0z6sME2GuAvH/iaxO5A==, figureFileBig=GRuw8un4eLASRO2wTVJFaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204526180897279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Inhibition effects of different P. baumii aqueous extracts on mouse hepatocarcinoma cells Hepa 1-6, figureFileSmall=6wvfw5czdo9jSR/TgMcfvg==, figureFileBig=8vlRXjBzaPpxRW7StOZVgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204526252200448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同杨树桑黄水提物对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6的抑制作用

A:水提物;B:粗多糖;C:超滤液;D:粗多糖+超滤液。Hoechst33258:标记细胞核完整活细胞和凋亡细胞,发出蓝色荧光;EthD-Ⅲ:标记细胞膜损伤和死细胞,发出红色荧光;Merged:合并后紫色细胞为凋亡细胞。

, figureFileSmall=6wvfw5czdo9jSR/TgMcfvg==, figureFileBig=8vlRXjBzaPpxRW7StOZVgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204526495470081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Inhibition rates on mouse hepatocarcinoma cells Hepa 1-6 of different Sanghuangporus spp. aqueous extracts, figureFileSmall=+JAIwFpBl33igAXhKkVwNg==, figureFileBig=OWwq7BJTbLfmLoBFEXZe+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204526579356162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同桑黄水提物对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6的抑制率

A:桑树桑黄;B:杨树桑黄。*表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=+JAIwFpBl33igAXhKkVwNg==, figureFileBig=OWwq7BJTbLfmLoBFEXZe+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204526642270723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Total sugar contents of different Sanghuangporus spp. aqueous extracts, figureFileSmall=vFDE027UlEGjwqX6VOVXoQ==, figureFileBig=KwHn1eq+vF4XkEhtPjmUDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204526700990980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同桑黄水提物中总糖含量

A:桑树桑黄;B:杨树桑黄。*表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=vFDE027UlEGjwqX6VOVXoQ==, figureFileBig=KwHn1eq+vF4XkEhtPjmUDw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204526759711237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Heat map of cluster analysis of differential metabolites, figureFileSmall=uk0j7bSHYlTj5O1pORc3cQ==, figureFileBig=+n7pZlfiHm5LDXY6BYvicw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204526919094790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=CN, label=图5, caption=差异化合物的聚类分析热图

SS:桑树桑黄;BS:杨树桑黄;SSCL:桑树桑黄-超滤截留液;BSCL:杨树桑黄-超滤截留液;SSCC:桑树桑黄粗多糖;BSCC:杨树桑黄粗多糖。

, figureFileSmall=uk0j7bSHYlTj5O1pORc3cQ==, figureFileBig=+n7pZlfiHm5LDXY6BYvicw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204527007175175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Metabolomic analysis of total components of each aqueous extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分Component桑树桑黄S. sanghuang杨树桑黄P. baumii
水提原液Aqueous extract粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid水提原液Aqueous extract粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid
Level 1381372345382380359
Level 2134312741095133812921138
Level 3137127111146137123
Level 415 27911 174816715 42612 7718608
可鉴别物质186117731551186618091620
特有物质51715323
有效物质17 14012 947971817 29214 58010 228
), ArticleFig(id=1276204527082672648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各水提液组分的代谢组分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分Component桑树桑黄S. sanghuang杨树桑黄P. baumii
水提原液Aqueous extract粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid水提原液Aqueous extract粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid
Level 1381372345382380359
Level 2134312741095133812921138
Level 3137127111146137123
Level 415 27911 174816715 42612 7718608
可鉴别物质186117731551186618091620
特有物质51715323
有效物质17 14012 947971817 29214 58010 228
), ArticleFig(id=1276204527153975817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Relative component differences of water extracts from each treatment group

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分Component桑树桑黄S. sanghuang杨树桑黄P. baumii
粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid
含量减少物质571311 644568911 645
减少50%以上525911 526516411 544
未检出1408467812274201
Level 1112328113328
Level 251611265091126
Level 34111041110
Level 4504410 080502610 081
), ArticleFig(id=1276204527233667594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各处理组水提液的相对组分差异

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分Component桑树桑黄S. sanghuang杨树桑黄P. baumii
粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid
含量减少物质571311 644568911 645
减少50%以上525911 526516411 544
未检出1408467812274201
Level 1112328113328
Level 251611265091126
Level 34111041110
Level 4504410 080502610 081
), ArticleFig(id=1276204527367885323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Top 20 compounds with reduced content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid
桑树桑黄S. sanghuang杨树桑黄P. baumii桑树桑黄S. sanghuang杨树桑黄P. baumii
16-氟吲哚6-fluoroindole6-氟吲哚6-fluoroindole腺苷adenosine腺苷adenosine
22-(2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基)乙醇
2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)ethanol
2,4,6-三甲基吡啶
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸
2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid
N-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-丙基噻吩-3-甲酰胺
N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-propylthiophene-3-carboxamide
3左旋水苏碱 betonicineDL-2,3-二氨基丙酸
DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
木糖醇 xylitol2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸
2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid
4羟基水杨酸 hydroxysydonic acid亮氨酸-异亮氨酸 Leu-Ile核糖醇 ribitol6-氟吲哚 6-fluoroindole
51'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚
1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole
1-甲基腺苷 1-methyladenosine阿糖醇 arabitol5-[2-(4-氯苯基)肼-1-亚基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二恶烷-4,6-二酮
5-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) hydrazin-1-ylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
6(+)-毒蕈碱阳离子(+)-muscarine cationN6-甲基腺苷
N6-methyladenosine
甘油磷酸胆碱
glycerophosphocholine
玫瑰树碱 ellipticine
72'-O-甲基腺苷
2'-O-methyladenosine
3-氨基-2-哌啶酮
3-amino-2-piperidone
甘露醇mannitol2,4,6-三甲基吡啶
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
87-甲基鸟嘌呤 7-methylguanine1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚
1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole
葡萄糖醇glucitol核糖醇 ribitol
9腺嘌呤adenine2'-O-甲基腺苷
2'-O-methyladenosine
半乳糖醇galactitol阿糖醇 arabitol
102-腺嘌呤 2-aminopurine脑苷-B cerebroside-B5-[2-(4-氯苯基)肼-1-亚基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二恶烷-4,6-二酮
5-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
木糖醇 xylitol
111,5-脱水葡萄糖醇
1,5-anhydroglucitol
2-(二乙氨基)乙酸
2-(diethylamino)acetic acid
N-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-丙基噻吩-3-甲酰胺
N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-propylthiophene-3-carboxamide
DL-2,3-二氨基丙酸
DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
122-(二乙氨基)乙酸
2-(diethylamino)acetic acid
7-甲基鸟嘌呤 7-methylguanine6-氟吲哚 6-fluoroindole亮氨酸-异亮氨酸 Leu-Ile
132-(2',3',4'-三羟基丁基)喹喔啉
2-(2',3',4'-Trihydroxybutyl) quinoxaline
1-(2-羟乙基)吡唑
1-(2-Hydroxyethyl) pyrazole
2-(2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基)乙醇
2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)ethanol
1-甲基腺苷 1-methyladenosine
14[6]-姜酚_3,5-二乙酸酯L-缬氨酸-L-苯丙氨酸左旋水苏碱 betonicineN6-甲基腺苷
15[6]-gingerdiol_3,5-diacetaeL-valyl-L-phenylalanineN6-methyladenosine
162,4,6-三甲基吡啶
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
2-氨基-6-丙基-1H-嘧啶-4-酮
2-amino-6-propyl-1H-pyrimidin-4-one
DL-2,3-二氨基丙酸
DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
5'-脱氧腺苷5'-deoxyadenosine
17DL-2,3-二氨基丙酸
DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
2-腺嘌呤 2-aminopurineL-异亮氨酸-L-脯氨酸
L-isoleucyl-L-proline
脱氧腺苷deoxyadenosine
184-氯-5,6,7,8-四氢喹唑啉-2-胺
4-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-2-amine
(Z)-9,12,13-三羟基十八碳-15-烯酸
(Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-15-enoic acid
2,4,6-三甲基吡啶
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
虫草素cordycepin
192-(1',2',3',4'-四羟基丁基)喹喔啉
2-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)quinoxaline
苯乙酮acetophenone玫瑰树碱 ellipticine3-氨基-2-哌啶酮
3-amino-2-piperidone
20脑苷-B cerebroside-BL-赤藓糖L-erythrulose羟基水杨酸 hydroxysydonic acid福多斯坦fudosteine
212-(4-叔丁基苯基)苯并咪唑
2-(4-tert-butylphenyl) benzimidazole
亮氨酸leucylphenylalanine1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚
1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole
1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚
1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole
), ArticleFig(id=1276204527460160012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204509336572344, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

含量减少前20的化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.粗多糖液Crude polysaccharide超滤截留液Interception fluid
桑树桑黄S. sanghuang杨树桑黄P. baumii桑树桑黄S. sanghuang杨树桑黄P. baumii
16-氟吲哚6-fluoroindole6-氟吲哚6-fluoroindole腺苷adenosine腺苷adenosine
22-(2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基)乙醇
2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)ethanol
2,4,6-三甲基吡啶
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸
2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid
N-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-丙基噻吩-3-甲酰胺
N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-propylthiophene-3-carboxamide
3左旋水苏碱 betonicineDL-2,3-二氨基丙酸
DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
木糖醇 xylitol2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸
2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid
4羟基水杨酸 hydroxysydonic acid亮氨酸-异亮氨酸 Leu-Ile核糖醇 ribitol6-氟吲哚 6-fluoroindole
51'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚
1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole
1-甲基腺苷 1-methyladenosine阿糖醇 arabitol5-[2-(4-氯苯基)肼-1-亚基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二恶烷-4,6-二酮
5-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) hydrazin-1-ylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
6(+)-毒蕈碱阳离子(+)-muscarine cationN6-甲基腺苷
N6-methyladenosine
甘油磷酸胆碱
glycerophosphocholine
玫瑰树碱 ellipticine
72'-O-甲基腺苷
2'-O-methyladenosine
3-氨基-2-哌啶酮
3-amino-2-piperidone
甘露醇mannitol2,4,6-三甲基吡啶
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
87-甲基鸟嘌呤 7-methylguanine1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚
1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole
葡萄糖醇glucitol核糖醇 ribitol
9腺嘌呤adenine2'-O-甲基腺苷
2'-O-methyladenosine
半乳糖醇galactitol阿糖醇 arabitol
102-腺嘌呤 2-aminopurine脑苷-B cerebroside-B5-[2-(4-氯苯基)肼-1-亚基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二恶烷-4,6-二酮
5-[2-(4-Chlorophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione
木糖醇 xylitol
111,5-脱水葡萄糖醇
1,5-anhydroglucitol
2-(二乙氨基)乙酸
2-(diethylamino)acetic acid
N-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-丙基噻吩-3-甲酰胺
N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-5-propylthiophene-3-carboxamide
DL-2,3-二氨基丙酸
DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
122-(二乙氨基)乙酸
2-(diethylamino)acetic acid
7-甲基鸟嘌呤 7-methylguanine6-氟吲哚 6-fluoroindole亮氨酸-异亮氨酸 Leu-Ile
132-(2',3',4'-三羟基丁基)喹喔啉
2-(2',3',4'-Trihydroxybutyl) quinoxaline
1-(2-羟乙基)吡唑
1-(2-Hydroxyethyl) pyrazole
2-(2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基)乙醇
2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)ethanol
1-甲基腺苷 1-methyladenosine
14[6]-姜酚_3,5-二乙酸酯L-缬氨酸-L-苯丙氨酸左旋水苏碱 betonicineN6-甲基腺苷
15[6]-gingerdiol_3,5-diacetaeL-valyl-L-phenylalanineN6-methyladenosine
162,4,6-三甲基吡啶
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
2-氨基-6-丙基-1H-嘧啶-4-酮
2-amino-6-propyl-1H-pyrimidin-4-one
DL-2,3-二氨基丙酸
DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
5'-脱氧腺苷5'-deoxyadenosine
17DL-2,3-二氨基丙酸
DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid
2-腺嘌呤 2-aminopurineL-异亮氨酸-L-脯氨酸
L-isoleucyl-L-proline
脱氧腺苷deoxyadenosine
184-氯-5,6,7,8-四氢喹唑啉-2-胺
4-chloro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-2-amine
(Z)-9,12,13-三羟基十八碳-15-烯酸
(Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-15-enoic acid
2,4,6-三甲基吡啶
2,4,6-trimethylpyridine
虫草素cordycepin
192-(1',2',3',4'-四羟基丁基)喹喔啉
2-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)quinoxaline
苯乙酮acetophenone玫瑰树碱 ellipticine3-氨基-2-哌啶酮
3-amino-2-piperidone
20脑苷-B cerebroside-BL-赤藓糖L-erythrulose羟基水杨酸 hydroxysydonic acid福多斯坦fudosteine
212-(4-叔丁基苯基)苯并咪唑
2-(4-tert-butylphenyl) benzimidazole
亮氨酸leucylphenylalanine1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚
1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole
1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚
1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole
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桑黄水提物中小分子化合物对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6的抑制活性分析
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耿涛 1 , 周庆祥 2 , 韦红显 2 , 卢芙萍 1 , 武华周 1 , 娄德钊 1 , 王树昌 1, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(12): 2697-2708
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (12) : 2697 -2708
桑黄水提物中小分子化合物对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6的抑制活性分析
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耿涛1, 周庆祥2, 韦红显2, 卢芙萍1, 武华周1, 娄德钊1, 王树昌1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 2.海南大学生态与环境学院,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 王树昌(WANG Shuchang),E-mail:
Analysis of Anticancer Activity on Mouse Hepatocarcinoma Cells Hepa 1-6 of Small Molecule Compounds in Sanghuangporus spp. Aqueous Extract
Tao GENG1, Qingxiang ZHOU2, Hongxian WEI2, Fuping LU1, Huazhou WU1, Dezhao LOU1, Shuchang WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.022
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桑黄(Sanghuangporus spp.)水提物中多糖、萜烯类化合物等生物大分子具有抑制肿瘤细胞的作用,但桑黄水提物中小分子化合物的功能尚不明确。本研究通过3000 D超滤法获得桑黄小分子化合物,通过双荧光标记法研究其对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6的抑制活性,通过代谢组分析法解析其抑癌活性成分。结果表明:桑树桑黄(Sanghuangporus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai)和杨树桑黄(Phellinus baumii)小分子化合物均能诱导小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6的损伤和凋亡,其抑制率分别为(38.64±4.35)%和(32.52±3.57)%;桑黄小分子化合物与桑黄粗多糖共同处理Hepa 1-6细胞,其抑制率则分别达到(77.27±6.21)%和(76.92±5.45)%;代谢组分析表明桑黄小分子化合物中包括玫瑰树碱、左旋水苏碱、脑苷-B等已知明确具有抑癌功能的化合物,同时鉴定出杂环类(6-氟吲哚、2,4,6-三甲基吡啶、1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚等)、核苷-碱基类(1-甲基腺苷、N6-甲基腺苷、2'-O-甲基腺苷等)、二肽类(如亮氨酸+*、异亮氨酸+*和γ-谷氨酰+*)、糖醇类(木糖醇、核糖醇、甘露醇、赤藓糖醇等)等可能参与肿瘤抑制作用的活性物质。研究表明桑黄水提物含有多种抑制肿瘤细胞的小分子化合物,且与桑黄粗多糖等生物大分子起到协同抑癌作用。研究结果为解析桑黄抑制肿瘤作用机制和功能物质开发应用提供科学依据。

桑黄  /  水提物  /  小分子化合物  /  小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6  /  抑癌活性

The biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and terpenes in Sanghuangporus spp. aqueous extract have inhibitory effects on tumor cells, but the function was not yet clear. This study obtained small molecule compounds of Sanghuangporus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai and Phellinus baumii aqueous extracts through 3000 D ultrafiltration, and studied the inhibitory activities on mouse hepatocarcinoma cells Hepa 1-6 using dual fluorescence labeling. The anticancer active ingredients were analyzed using metabolomics analysis. The results showed that the small molecule compounds of S. sanghuang Sheng H. Wu and P. baumii could induce injury and apoptosis of Hepa 1-6, with inhibition rates of (38.64±4.35)% and (32.52±3.57)%, respectively. Meanwhile, the inhibition rates of small molecule compounds reached (77.27±6.21)% and (76.92±5.45)%, respectively, after mixing with crude polysaccharides. Metabolomic analysis showed that anti-cancer small molecular agents such as ellipticine, betonicine, cerebroside-B etc., were identified in the aqueous extract of Sanghuangporus spp. Antitumor related substances such as heterocyclic compounds (6-fluoroindole, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, 1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole, etc.), nucleoside and bases (1-methyladenosine, N6-methyladenosine, 2'-O-methyladenosine, etc.), dipeptides (leucine+*, isoleucine+*, γ-glutamine+*, etc.), sugar alcohols (xylitol, ribose, mannitol, erythritol, etc.), were identified too. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of Sanghuangporus spp. contains multiple small molecular agents against tumor cells, which have a synergistic anti-cancer effect with biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides. This would provide a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism of anti-tumor of Sanghuangporus spp. and the development and application of functional substances.

Sanghuangporus spp.  /  aqueous extract  /  small molecule compounds  /  mouse hepatocarcinoma cells Hepa 1-6  /  anti-cancer activity
耿涛, 周庆祥, 韦红显, 卢芙萍, 武华周, 娄德钊, 王树昌. 桑黄水提物中小分子化合物对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6的抑制活性分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2697 -2708 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.022
Tao GENG, Qingxiang ZHOU, Hongxian WEI, Fuping LU, Huazhou WU, Dezhao LOU, Shuchang WANG. Analysis of Anticancer Activity on Mouse Hepatocarcinoma Cells Hepa 1-6 of Small Molecule Compounds in Sanghuangporus spp. Aqueous Extract[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2697 -2708 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.022
中药桑黄含有丰富的生物活性成分,具有抗肿瘤[1-2]、增强免疫力[3]、抗氧化、抗菌消炎[4]等功效。研究认为,桑黄主要利用多糖类和萜烯类物质,协同黄酮类、甾醇类等活性物质[5-7],通过诱导细胞凋亡、抑制细胞增殖和迁移、提升机体免疫力等多种途径抑制肿瘤细胞[7-8],已在日本、韩国和中国台湾等地成为抗癌辅助保健品或药物使用[9-10]
桑黄多糖的主要成分为β-1,3-葡聚糖,能够抑制B淋巴细胞瘤-2的表达,激活caspase-3、caspase-9,而诱导白血病细胞THP-1和鼻咽癌细胞HONE-1凋亡[1-2];协同桑黄素(glucoobovatine),诱导人结肠癌细胞HT-29、人肝癌细胞HepG-2 S期阻滞[8];提高血淋巴白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-18水平而增强机体免疫力[3];通过降低血管内皮生长因子而降低人肝癌细胞H22、肺癌细胞S-180的黏附和迁移[6-7]。木三烯酮、β-乳香酸、呋喃类三萜等桑黄三萜物质以游离形式或三萜糖苷形式存在时,发挥抑癌、护肝、溶血、抗HIV病毒等多种药理活性[2-4,9]
现代分析技术表明,桑黄水提液中除多糖等生物大分子外,还含有氨基酸类、生物碱类、有机酸类、可溶性糖以及无机盐等小分子化合物[11-13],但其抑癌功能尚不明确。本研究通过3000 D超滤法获得桑树桑黄(Sanghuangporus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai)和杨树桑黄(Phellinus baumii)小分子化合物,通过双荧光标记法检测其对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用,然后通过代谢组学和多重比较分析其化合物组成,以明确桑黄水提物中小分子化合物的抑癌机制。
桑树桑黄(Sanghuangporus sanghuang Sheng H. Wu, L. W. Zhou & Y. C. Dai)和杨树桑黄(Phellinus baumii strain XZ-01)子实体均购自山东古桑农副产品股份有限公司;菌株均经过ITS序列鉴定为中药桑黄标准菌株。小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6为本实验室保存。
总还原糖检测试剂盒(6304)、1×PBS(P1020)购自北京索莱宝生物科技有限公司。GibcoTMDMEM(高糖,21068028)购自赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司。
称取桑黄子实体粉末15.0 g,倒入锥形瓶中,按料液比1∶40(g/mL)加入600 mL蒸馏水;于80~100 ℃,超声波振荡提取4 h;12 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清;真空泵抽滤,滤液旋转蒸发浓缩至原体积1/30,即20.0 mL。于–20 ℃保存,备用。
桑黄水提浓缩液加5倍体积无水乙醇,室温下放置过夜,离心收集沉淀,真空冷冻干燥,用20.0 mL蒸馏水复溶,即为粗多糖溶液。
桑黄水提浓缩液用15.0 mL 3000 D超滤管(MerckMillipore, UF900396),12 000 r/min离心30 min,用无菌水分别补足截留液和超滤液体积至20.0 mL。
参照总还原糖检测试剂盒(6304)说明书,采用DNS法测定桑黄粗多糖溶液和桑黄水提物超滤液在620 nm处的吸光值,通过葡萄糖标准曲线方程计算样品中总糖含量。
小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6用DMEM稀释至1×106个/mL,按每孔2.0 mL接种到6孔板中。设置2组处理:A组各孔分别加入桑树桑黄水提物20.0 μL,桑黄粗多糖20.0 μL,桑黄水提物超滤液(即小分子化合物)20.0 μL,桑黄粗多糖10.0 μL+桑黄水提物超滤液10.0 μL,以加入20.0 μL 1×PBS为对照孔,每孔3个重复;B组各孔分别加入杨树桑黄水提物20.0 μL,桑黄粗多糖20.0 μL,桑黄水提物超滤液(即小分子化合物)20.0 μL,桑黄粗多糖10.0 μL+桑黄水提物超滤液10.0 μL,以加入20.0 μL 1×PBS为对照孔,每孔3个重复。于37 ℃,5% CO2培养箱中培养48 h,观察细胞状态。用Hoechst 33258/EthD-III双荧光标记,激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(Olympus FV1000 IX81)观察细胞损伤及凋亡情况。
参照SUN等[12]的MTT法检测肿瘤细胞抑制率。每孔小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6加入100 μL含5.0 mg/mL MTT的新鲜培养基,继续培养4 h;每孔加入150 μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),于37 ℃孵育10 min。利用Multiskan GO酶标仪(Thermo)检测OD570。按以下公式计算抑制率:抑制率=(对照组OD570-实验组OD570)/对照组OD570×100%。用独立样本t检验(差值≥10),检测抑制率下降(或提高)10%及以上的显著性(P≤0.05)。
对桑树桑黄和杨树桑黄水提物原液、3000 D超滤截留液、粗多糖液均设置3次生物学重复,每个样品2.0 mL,送上海百趣生物医学科技有限公司,采用Thermo Vanquish液相色谱仪和Thermo Orbitrap Exploris 120质谱仪LC-MS进行全靶代谢组分析。
添加桑树桑黄和杨树桑黄提取物原液能够引起小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6的细胞膜损伤并诱导细胞凋亡(图1A图2A),其抑制率分别达到(80.33±5.32)%和(83.51±4.62)%(图3)。桑树桑黄和杨树桑黄粗多糖液亦能使小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa1-6的细胞膜损伤并诱导细胞凋亡(图1B图2B),但其作用活性较水提物原液显著降低,其抑制率分别为(48.15±4.27)%和(57.14±4.36)%(图3),比水提物原液分别下降32.18%和26.37%。桑黄粗多糖液中的总糖含量与水提物原液的总糖含量差异不显著(图4),说明采用乙醇沉淀法提取粗多糖的过程中损失了部分抗癌活性成分。
桑树桑黄和杨树桑黄提取物3000 D超滤液亦能对小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6造成损伤和诱导凋亡(图1C图2C),其抑制率分别为(38.64±4.35)%和(32.52±3.57)%(图3),而且其超滤液中总糖含量仅分别为(1.15±0.35)mg/mL和(1.44±0.42)mg/mL(图4),说明桑黄水提物中含有分子量≤3000 Da的非还原糖类的抗癌活性成分。
用桑树桑黄和杨树桑黄粗多糖液分别与其超滤液共同处理小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6,能够显著提高细胞膜损伤和细胞凋亡率(图1D图2D),其抑制率分别达到(77.27±6.21)%和(76.92±5.45)%(图3)。说明桑黄水提物中的小分子化合物能够与桑黄粗多糖协同抑制小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6。
表1所示,桑树桑黄水提物原液中共检测到17 140个有效化合物,其中,特有化合物5171个,可匹配注释物质1861个,未知化合物15 279个;一级匹配注释(Level 1)化合物381个,二级匹配注释(Level 2)化合物1343个,三级匹配注释(Level 3)化合物137个。杨树桑黄水提物原液共检测到有效化合物17 292个,其中特有化合物5323个,可匹配注释物质1866个,未知化合物15 426个;一级匹配注释(Level 1)化合物382个,二级匹配注释(Level 2)化合物1338个,三级匹配注释(Level 3)化合物146个。桑树桑黄和杨树桑黄水提物原液中可鉴别化合物总数差异不显著。
图5表1表2所示,与桑黄水提物原液相比,桑黄超滤截留液中约有58%的化合物含量降低,而粗多糖液中约33%的化合物含量降低。桑树桑黄超滤截留液中共检测出9718个化合物,可匹配注释化合物1551个;对比原液含量减少的化合物计11 644个,其中含量降低50%及以上化合物11 526个。桑树桑黄粗多糖液中共检测出12 947个化合物,可匹配注释化合物1773个;对比原液含量减少的化合物计5713个,其中含量降低50%及以上化合物5259个。杨树桑黄超滤截留液共检测出化合物10 228个,可匹配注释化合物1620个;对比原液含量减少的化合物计11 645个,其中含量降低50%及以上化合物11 544个。杨树桑黄粗多糖液中共检测出化合物14 580个,可匹配注释化合物1809个;对比原液含量减少的化合物有5689个,其中含量降低50%及以上化合物5164个。
通过对2种桑黄水提物的超滤截留液、粗多糖溶液、水提物原液进行组间交叉比对分析,得出差异小分子化合物数据集,表3为含量减少前20的小分子化合物,其中包括脑苷-B(cerebroside-B)、玫瑰树碱(ellipticine)、左旋水苏碱(betonicine)等已知明确具有抑癌功能的化合物。6-氟吲哚(6-fluoroindole)、2,4,6-三甲基吡啶(2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)、DL-2,3-二氨基丙酸(DL-2,3-diaminopropionic acid)以及1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚(1'-naphthoyl-2-methylindole)等为桑树桑黄和杨树桑黄粗多糖、超滤截留液中含量均显著减少的化合物。2'-O-甲基腺苷(2'-O-methyladenosine)、7-甲基鸟嘌呤(7-methylguanine)、2-腺嘌呤(2-aminopurine)、2-(二乙氨基)乙酸[2-(diethylamino)acetic acid]以及脑苷-B等为桑黄粗多糖溶液中含量显著降低的化合物。腺苷(adenosine)、2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸(2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid)、木糖醇(xylitol)、核糖醇(ribitol)、阿糖醇(arabitol)、5-[2-(4-氯苯基)肼-1-亚基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二恶烷-4,6-二酮[5-[2-(4-chlorophenyl) hydrazin-1-ylidene]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione]、N-(5-氯吡啶-2-基)-5-丙基噻吩-3-甲酰胺[N-(5-chloropyridin--2-yl)-5-propylthiophene-3-carboxamide]以及玫瑰树碱等为超滤截留液中含量显著降低的化合物。2-(2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基)乙醇[2-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl) ethanol]、左旋水苏碱、羟基水杨酸(hydroxysydonic acid)为桑树桑黄特有的含量显著降低的化合物;而亮氨酸-异亮氨酸(Leu-Ile)、1-甲基腺苷(1-methyladenosine)、N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine)以及3-氨基-2-哌啶酮(3-amino-2-piperidone)为杨树桑黄特有的含量显著降低的化合物。
桑黄水提物中含有多糖、黄酮、甾体、萜烯、生物碱、氨基酸等多种活性物质[13]。药理学认为,桑黄具有抗肿瘤、抗纤维化、抗氧化、增强免疫力以及抑制血管增生等功效[2-4]。此外桑黄中亦分离出牛奶树碱(hispidin)、咖啡酸(caffeic acid)、烟碱酮(inotilone)、纤孔菌素A(phellinsin A)、苯乙烯吡喃酮(baumin)等抗氧化、消炎和增强免疫力的小分子化合物[14-16]
桑黄水提物对肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、前列腺癌、脑癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、口腔癌、宫颈癌等具有显著的抑制作用[9]。桑黄水提物中的多糖、三萜类物质协同桑黄素等黄酮类物质通过多种渠道实现抑癌活性:(1)通过抑制细胞周期,造成细胞周期阻滞,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖[2,8];(2)通过增加凋亡相关蛋白,活化caspase表达,减少抗凋亡蛋白表达,诱导细胞凋亡[7,17];(3)通过下调磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, PI3K)表达、抑制丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶B(RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, AKT)和哺乳动物西罗莫司靶点(mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR)磷酸化水平,干扰肿瘤细胞PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路[18];通过降低细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases, ERK)、c-Jun kinase(JNK)和p38的磷酸化水平,抑制丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)通路,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移[1,18];(4)促进干扰素(interferon, IFN)和白细胞介素(IL)合成,抑制肿瘤坏死因子合成,调高机体免疫机能[3-4]
桑黄水提物中小分子化合物的抑癌活性研究鲜有报道。本研究发现,桑黄小分子化合物能够显著抑制小鼠肝癌细胞Hepa 1-6。本研究通过代谢组分析从桑黄水提液中鉴定出玫瑰树碱、左旋水苏碱、脑苷-B等具有肿瘤细胞抑制活性的化合物,同时鉴定出6-氟吲哚、2,4,6-三甲基吡啶、1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚等杂环类,1-甲基腺苷、N6-甲基腺苷、虫草素、2'-O-甲基腺苷、2-腺嘌呤等核苷-碱基类,亮氨酸+*、异亮氨酸+*和γ-谷氨酰+*等二肽-环肽类,木糖醇、核糖醇等糖醇类等可能参与肿瘤细胞抑制化合物合成或直接作用于肿瘤细胞生长的功能活性物质。
本研究在桑黄中鉴定出玫瑰树碱和左旋水苏碱。玫瑰树碱主体为吲哚结构,由共平面的3个六元环和1个五元环组成,玫瑰树碱及9-羟基-N2-甲基玫瑰树碱(NSC264-137)等衍生物对黑色素瘤、肉瘤、肝癌、结肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等肿瘤细胞均有抑制作用[19-20]。玫瑰树碱及其衍生物能够通过调节IL-6IL-18caspase 3caspase 4gasdermin D等基因表达,以及提高肿瘤细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)水平等,诱导胰腺癌PANC-1细胞焦亡和损伤[21]。玫瑰树碱亦可上调非小细胞肺癌细胞主要组织相容性复合体Ⅰ类相关分子A和B(major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ-related chain A and B, MICA/B)的表达水平,进而提高自然杀伤(natural killer, NK)细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别与杀伤效率[22]。左旋水苏碱能够通过抑制平滑肌肌动蛋白2(smooth muscle actin 2, ACTG2)的表达,进而下调VEGF、bFGF、TNF-α及PDGF等血管生成因子的表达,抑制乳腺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌细胞的增殖与侵袭[23-25]
6-氟吲哚、1'-萘酰基-2-甲基吲哚是合成吲哚系列抗肿瘤药物、精神病药物所需的重要中间体[26-29]。玫瑰树碱的6位氮游离对其抗肿瘤活性尤其重要,而甲基吲哚是化学合成玫瑰树碱的出发底物之一[30],因此本研究推测桑黄中可能存在以吲哚衍生物为底物合成玫瑰树碱等抗肿瘤药物的生物代谢途径,但桑黄中的吲哚类化合物抑制肿瘤细胞的分子机制有待深入研究。3-甲基吡啶是另一类抑癌药物合成的重要原料,通过分子改造和修饰,可以得到含有3-甲基吡啶结构的衍生物,具有抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤等生物活性[31]
桑黄中含有大量的腺苷类物质,如腺苷、N6-甲基腺苷(N6-methyladenosine, m6A)、N1-甲基腺苷、2'-O-甲基腺苷等。其中腺苷是桑树桑黄和鲍氏桑黄中含量最高的化合物,推测桑黄中可能存在复杂多样的腺苷类衍生物代谢合成途径。N6-甲基腺苷等参与的甲基化修饰是一种动态且可逆的修饰,参与mRNA、miRNA的合成、翻译等生物过程,引起基因的表达异常,与白血病、肝癌、肺癌、宫颈内膜癌、胰腺癌和乳腺癌等多种癌症的发生密切关联[32-34]。肿瘤细胞可能通过吸收大量的甲基腺苷类物质导致mRNA的m6A修饰水平提高,进而引起肿瘤细胞凋亡[34-35]。本研究发现,桑黄中含有虫草素,研究表明虫草素具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗三高、肺肾保护以及抗菌消炎等功能[36-38]。但桑黄中是否真正存在虫草素相关代谢途径需进一步验证。
桑黄水提物中含有的大量的亮氨酸+*(Leu-Val、Leu-Trp、Leu-Thr、Leu-Leu、Leu-Ile、Leu-Gly、Leu-Glu)、异亮氨酸+*(Ile-Tyr、Ile-Pro、Ile-Leu、Ile-Glu、Ile-Gln、Ile-Asp、Ile-Asn)等二肽类化合物,以及Leu-Gly-Leu、Val-Gly-Val、Trp-Gly-Trp、Gly-Pro-Arg、Gly-Gly-Leu、Arg-Pro-Pro等三肽类化合物,但其具体抑癌机制尚不明确。环二肽、环三肽等肽类具有抗菌消炎、抗氧化、抑制肿瘤等生物学活性[39-40],推测桑黄水提物中的二肽和三肽类物质可能参与环二肽、环三肽化合物的合成。此外本研究还发现桑黄中含有大量的γ-谷氨酰+*二肽化合物,如γ-谷氨酰丙氨酸、γ-谷氨酰苏氨酸、γ-谷氨酰赖氨酸、γ-谷氨酰谷氨酰胺、γ-谷氨酰谷氨酸等。γ-谷氨酰转移酶(gamma-glutamyltransferase, GGT)酶活在原发性和转移性肿瘤中异常升高,是重要的肿瘤临床检测指标,而补充谷氨酰丙氨酸等化合物可以有效控制肿瘤恶化[41-44]。本研究推测桑黄中大量的γ-谷氨酰+*等二肽类物质可能通过调节谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)代谢途径,调节ROS水平,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移。
(1)脑苷脂-B。本研究在桑黄中鉴定出脑苷-B。脑苷-B是一种中性鞘糖脂,广泛存在于动植物及低等生物的细胞膜中,通过活化Ⅱ型NKT细胞快速分泌IL-10、IL-4、IL-13、IFN-γ等细胞因子,发挥抗病毒、抗肿瘤、免疫调节以及调节神经系统等功效[45-46]
(2)糖醇类物质。桑黄中含有大量的糖醇类物质,包括木糖醇、核糖醇、甘露醇、赤藓糖醇、葡萄糖醇以及阿拉伯糖醇等除半乳糖外几乎所有的常见单糖糖醇。糖醇类物质可能通过破坏肿瘤细胞的能量代谢,延缓细胞增殖抑制肿瘤细胞;亦可能参与多种糖醇酯、糖醇蛋白、糖苷类物质的合成,导致肿瘤细胞代谢紊乱[47]。桑黄中还鉴定出甘露糖赤藓糖醇酯(mannosylerythritol lipids, MEL),为糖脂类生物表面活性剂,具有抗菌、抗氧化、界面活性和抗肿瘤等活性,但其抑制肿瘤细胞的分子机制尚不明确[48]
综上所述,桑黄水提物中鉴定出玫瑰树碱、左旋水苏碱、脑苷-B等具有抑癌活性的小分子化合物,以及多种抑癌化合物合成的中间体分子,为解析桑黄抑癌的分子机制提供了新的见解。此外桑黄中还有10 000余种未知化合物,可能蕴藏更丰富的抑癌或其他医药功能物质,需要进一步纯化和功能鉴定。
  • 海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(321RC622)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042023009)
  • 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-18)
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2024年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.022
  • 接收时间:2024-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-03
  • 修回日期:2024-08-01
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海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(321RC622)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042023009)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-18)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
    2.海南大学生态与环境学院,海南海口 570228

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* 王树昌(WANG Shuchang),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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