热带作物学报

种源Provenances	长度Length/mm	宽度Width/mm	长宽比Length/Width
HN-TY	49.10±3.72^b	30.86±2.50^b	1.60±0.16^b
HN-YG	46.55±1.33^b	35.45±3.18^a	1.32±0.09^c
HN-CG	52.69±5.80^a	29.20±2.22^c	1.81±0.23^a
TW	47.50±4.44^b	25.82±2.60^d	1.85±0.18^a
TG	41.53±1.94^c	34.36±1.26^a	1.21±0.07^c
YN	50.04±7.11^abc	29.45±3.17^bc	1.70±0.20^ab

种源Provenances	长度Length/mm	宽度Width/mm	长宽比Length/Width
HN-TY	49.10±3.72^b	30.86±2.50^b	1.60±0.16^b
HN-YG	46.55±1.33^b	35.45±3.18^a	1.32±0.09^c
HN-CG	52.69±5.80^a	29.20±2.22^c	1.81±0.23^a
TW	47.50±4.44^b	25.82±2.60^d	1.85±0.18^a
TG	41.53±1.94^c	34.36±1.26^a	1.21±0.07^c
YN	50.04±7.11^abc	29.45±3.17^bc	1.70±0.20^ab

种源Provenances	纤维素Cellulose/(mg·g^-1)	半纤维素Hemicellulose/(mg·g^-1)	木质素Lignin/(mg·g^-1)	原果胶Protopectin/(mg·g^-1)
HN-TY	334.62±102.95^a	64.63±15.60^a	67.20±15.15^ab	19.74±5.91^a
HN-YG	259.02±66.51^ab	74.82±19.82^a	65.19±13.42^ab	21.53±5.98^a
HN-CG	285.14±114.62^ab	58.89±16.79^a	66.00±11.82^a	19.06±5.69^ab
TW	256.62±58.55^ab	37.04±5.36^b	78.73±14.96^b	16.50±6.36^ab
TG	353.02±125.72^ab	50.68±9.55^a	65.87±11.64^ab	18.39±13.77^ab
YN	223.88±40.64^b	37.89±1.87^b	76.59±7.72^ab	13.50±5.10^b

种源Provenances	纤维素Cellulose/(mg·g^-1)	半纤维素Hemicellulose/(mg·g^-1)	木质素Lignin/(mg·g^-1)	原果胶Protopectin/(mg·g^-1)
HN-TY	334.62±102.95^a	64.63±15.60^a	67.20±15.15^ab	19.74±5.91^a
HN-YG	259.02±66.51^ab	74.82±19.82^a	65.19±13.42^ab	21.53±5.98^a
HN-CG	285.14±114.62^ab	58.89±16.79^a	66.00±11.82^a	19.06±5.69^ab
TW	256.62±58.55^ab	37.04±5.36^b	78.73±14.96^b	16.50±6.36^ab
TG	353.02±125.72^ab	50.68±9.55^a	65.87±11.64^ab	18.39±13.77^ab
YN	223.88±40.64^b	37.89±1.87^b	76.59±7.72^ab	13.50±5.10^b

种源Provenances	硬度Hardness/N	咀嚼性Chewiness/mJ	胶黏性Viscosity/N	弹性Springiness/mm	内聚性Cohesion
HN-TY	279.07±37.90^a	537.29±104.60^a	166.53±24.65^a	3.20±0.22^b	0.60±0.03^a
HN-YG	248.64±32.79^a	494.79±110.41^ab	137.47±19.35^bc	3.53±0.25^a	0.56±0.06^ab
HN-CG	258.07±37.79^a	463.04±70.90^b	143.72±21.53^b	3.24±0.51^ab	0.56±0.08^ab
TW	261.18±61.55^a	361.62±160.60^b	113.45±35.38^c	3.10±0.95^ab	0.43±0.09^c
TG	272.45±21.97^a	497.00±93.83^ab	142.70±26.66^ab	3.45±0.21^ab	0.52±0.07^bc
YN	269.70±53.92^a	497.32±82.43^ab	145.18±30.47^ab	3.49±0.64^ab	0.54±0.04^b

种源Provenances	硬度Hardness/N	咀嚼性Chewiness/mJ	胶黏性Viscosity/N	弹性Springiness/mm	内聚性Cohesion
HN-TY	279.07±37.90^a	537.29±104.60^a	166.53±24.65^a	3.20±0.22^b	0.60±0.03^a
HN-YG	248.64±32.79^a	494.79±110.41^ab	137.47±19.35^bc	3.53±0.25^a	0.56±0.06^ab
HN-CG	258.07±37.79^a	463.04±70.90^b	143.72±21.53^b	3.24±0.51^ab	0.56±0.08^ab
TW	261.18±61.55^a	361.62±160.60^b	113.45±35.38^c	3.10±0.95^ab	0.43±0.09^c
TG	272.45±21.97^a	497.00±93.83^ab	142.70±26.66^ab	3.45±0.21^ab	0.52±0.07^bc
YN	269.70±53.92^a	497.32±82.43^ab	145.18±30.47^ab	3.49±0.64^ab	0.54±0.04^b

指标Index	平均值Mean value	最大值Max.	最小值Min.	标准偏差Standard deviation	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%	种源Provenances	平均值Mean value	最大值Max.	最小值Min.	标准偏差Standard deviation	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%
长度/mm	49.14	60.46	36.48	5.33	10.84	HN-TY	49.10	60.46	44.29	3.72	7.57
						HN-YG	46.55	48.23	44.19	1.33	2.86
						HN-CG	52.69	59.59	36.48	5.80	11.01
						TW	47.50	54.20	39.40	4.44	9.36
						TG	41.53	44.03	39.91	1.94	4.67
						YN	50.04	57.43	39.51	7.11	14.22
宽度/mm	30.37	40.66	22.55	3.66	12.05	HN-TY	30.86	35.99	26.30	2.50	8.11
						HN-YG	35.45	40.66	32.00	3.18	8.98
						HN-CG	29.20	32.83	26.11	2.22	7.61
						TW	25.82	30.90	22.55	2.60	10.09
						TG	34.36	36.21	33.53	1.26	3.66
						YN	29.45	32.38	24.44	3.17	10.75
长宽比	1.64	2.28	1.16	0.26	16.06	HN-TY	1.60	1.92	1.37	0.16	9.74
						HN-YG	1.32	1.46	1.19	0.09	7.01
						HN-CG	1.81	2.28	1.16	0.23	12.89
						TW	1.85	2.07	1.50	0.18	9.72
						TG	1.21	1.31	1.16	0.07	5.76
						YN	1.70	1.92	1.44	0.20	11.93
纤维素/(mg×g^-1)	292.36	528.75	136.92	104.05	35.59	HN-TY	334.62	528.75	176.78	102.95	30.77
						HN-YG	259.02	349.25	184.21	66.51	25.68
						HN-CG	285.14	528.22	136.92	114.62	40.20
						TW	256.62	376.69	152.60	58.55	22.82
						TG	353.02	468.27	162.84	125.72	35.61
						YN	223.88	279.76	172.00	40.64	18.15
半纤维/(mg·g^-1)	57.01	98.90	31.11	19.05	33.42	HN-TY	64.63	95.47	46.75	15.60	24.14
						HN-YG	74.82	98.90	47.86	19.82	26.49
						HN-CG	58.89	95.81	45.20	16.79	28.51
						TW	37.04	46.38	31.11	5.36	14.47
						TG	50.68	66.41	40.99	9.55	18.84
						YN	37.89	40.54	35.47	1.87	4.94
木质素/(mg·g^-1)	69.03	94.06	33.12	14.26	20.65	HN-TY	67.20	93.48	40.04	15.15	22.54
						HN-YG	65.19	76.59	33.12	13.42	20.59
						HN-CG	66.00	86.63	40.04	11.82	17.91
						TW	78.73	94.06	49.80	14.96	19.00
						TG	65.87	84.16	52.05	11.64	17.67
						YN	76.59	88.09	64.06	7.72	10.08
原果胶/(mg·g^-1)	18.62	42.21	9.77	7.07	37.96	HN-TY	19.74	28.99	11.54	5.91	29.94
						HN-YG	21.53	30.76	11.68	5.98	27.78
						HN-CG	19.06	30.35	10.04	5.69	29.85
						TW	16.50	29.53	10.18	6.36	38.55
						TG	18.39	42.21	9.77	13.77	74.88
						YN	13.50	22.72	9.77	5.10	37.78
硬度/N	266.16	371.70	152.40	43.98	16.53	HN-TY	279.07	363.20	204.10	37.90	13.58
						HN-YG	248.64	293.30	198.60	32.79	13.19
						HN-CG	258.07	326.90	184.40	37.79	14.64
						TW	261.18	348.70	152.40	61.55	23.57
						TG	272.45	309.90	254.40	21.97	8.06
						YN	269.70	371.70	216.40	53.92	19.99
咀嚼性/mJ	482.43	769.27	134.24	119.26	24.72	HN-TY	537.29	769.27	371.27	104.60	19.47
						HN-YG	494.79	715.71	380.27	110.41	22.31
						HN-CG	463.04	586.66	345.50	70.90	15.31
						TW	361.62	591.37	134.24	160.6	44.41
						TG	497.00	660.91	364.98	93.83	18.88
						YN	497.32	660.91	400.77	82.43	16.57
胶黏性/N	146.26	220.20	65.8	31.12	21.28	HN-TY	166.53	220.20	125.50	24.65	14.80
						HN-YG	137.47	170.60	110.30	19.35	14.08
						HN-CG	143.72	180.00	108.50	21.53	14.98
						TW	113.45	175.50	65.80	35.38	31.19
						TG	142.70	184.60	113.90	26.66	18.68
						YN	145.18	199.50	102.30	30.47	20.99
弹性/mm	3.28	4.89	2.02	0.53	16.11	HN-TY	3.20	3.60	2.80	0.22	6.88
						HN-YG	3.53	4.04	3.24	0.25	7.08
						HN-CG	3.24	4.56	2.66	0.51	15.74
						TW	3.10	4.36	2.02	0.95	30.65
						TG	3.45	3.72	3.15	0.21	6.09
						YN	3.49	4.89	3.03	0.64	18.34
内聚性	0.55	0.67	0.32	0.08	15.04	HN-TY	0.60	0.65	0.52	0.03	5.00
						HN-YG	0.56	0.65	0.47	0.06	10.71
						HN-CG	0.56	0.67	0.37	0.08	14.29
						TW	0.43	0.64	0.32	0.09	20.93
						TG	0.52	0.59	0.43	0.07	13.46
						YN	0.54	0.60	0.47	0.04	7.41
槟榔碱/(μg·g^-1)	5163.47	12173.5	1059.3	2499.78	48.41	HN-TY	5910.61	11288.00	2709.48	2199.37	37.21
						HN-YG	3990.68	6292.75	2203.13	1291.34	32.36
						HN-CG	7121.70	12173.5	3942.10	2428.91	34.11
						TW	3232.40	4283.21	1299.89	914.29	28.29
						TG	4058.00	6996.39	1948.98	2142.42	52.79
						YN	2596.23	5903.56	1059.30	1447.57	55.76

指标Index	平均值Mean value	最大值Max.	最小值Min.	标准偏差Standard deviation	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%	种源Provenances	平均值Mean value	最大值Max.	最小值Min.	标准偏差Standard deviation	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%
长度/mm	49.14	60.46	36.48	5.33	10.84	HN-TY	49.10	60.46	44.29	3.72	7.57
						HN-YG	46.55	48.23	44.19	1.33	2.86
						HN-CG	52.69	59.59	36.48	5.80	11.01
						TW	47.50	54.20	39.40	4.44	9.36
						TG	41.53	44.03	39.91	1.94	4.67
						YN	50.04	57.43	39.51	7.11	14.22
宽度/mm	30.37	40.66	22.55	3.66	12.05	HN-TY	30.86	35.99	26.30	2.50	8.11
						HN-YG	35.45	40.66	32.00	3.18	8.98
						HN-CG	29.20	32.83	26.11	2.22	7.61
						TW	25.82	30.90	22.55	2.60	10.09
						TG	34.36	36.21	33.53	1.26	3.66
						YN	29.45	32.38	24.44	3.17	10.75
长宽比	1.64	2.28	1.16	0.26	16.06	HN-TY	1.60	1.92	1.37	0.16	9.74
						HN-YG	1.32	1.46	1.19	0.09	7.01
						HN-CG	1.81	2.28	1.16	0.23	12.89
						TW	1.85	2.07	1.50	0.18	9.72
						TG	1.21	1.31	1.16	0.07	5.76
						YN	1.70	1.92	1.44	0.20	11.93
纤维素/(mg×g^-1)	292.36	528.75	136.92	104.05	35.59	HN-TY	334.62	528.75	176.78	102.95	30.77
						HN-YG	259.02	349.25	184.21	66.51	25.68
						HN-CG	285.14	528.22	136.92	114.62	40.20
						TW	256.62	376.69	152.60	58.55	22.82
						TG	353.02	468.27	162.84	125.72	35.61
						YN	223.88	279.76	172.00	40.64	18.15
半纤维/(mg·g^-1)	57.01	98.90	31.11	19.05	33.42	HN-TY	64.63	95.47	46.75	15.60	24.14
						HN-YG	74.82	98.90	47.86	19.82	26.49
						HN-CG	58.89	95.81	45.20	16.79	28.51
						TW	37.04	46.38	31.11	5.36	14.47
						TG	50.68	66.41	40.99	9.55	18.84
						YN	37.89	40.54	35.47	1.87	4.94
木质素/(mg·g^-1)	69.03	94.06	33.12	14.26	20.65	HN-TY	67.20	93.48	40.04	15.15	22.54
						HN-YG	65.19	76.59	33.12	13.42	20.59
						HN-CG	66.00	86.63	40.04	11.82	17.91
						TW	78.73	94.06	49.80	14.96	19.00
						TG	65.87	84.16	52.05	11.64	17.67
						YN	76.59	88.09	64.06	7.72	10.08
原果胶/(mg·g^-1)	18.62	42.21	9.77	7.07	37.96	HN-TY	19.74	28.99	11.54	5.91	29.94
						HN-YG	21.53	30.76	11.68	5.98	27.78
						HN-CG	19.06	30.35	10.04	5.69	29.85
						TW	16.50	29.53	10.18	6.36	38.55
						TG	18.39	42.21	9.77	13.77	74.88
						YN	13.50	22.72	9.77	5.10	37.78
硬度/N	266.16	371.70	152.40	43.98	16.53	HN-TY	279.07	363.20	204.10	37.90	13.58
						HN-YG	248.64	293.30	198.60	32.79	13.19
						HN-CG	258.07	326.90	184.40	37.79	14.64
						TW	261.18	348.70	152.40	61.55	23.57
						TG	272.45	309.90	254.40	21.97	8.06
						YN	269.70	371.70	216.40	53.92	19.99
咀嚼性/mJ	482.43	769.27	134.24	119.26	24.72	HN-TY	537.29	769.27	371.27	104.60	19.47
						HN-YG	494.79	715.71	380.27	110.41	22.31
						HN-CG	463.04	586.66	345.50	70.90	15.31
						TW	361.62	591.37	134.24	160.6	44.41
						TG	497.00	660.91	364.98	93.83	18.88
						YN	497.32	660.91	400.77	82.43	16.57
胶黏性/N	146.26	220.20	65.8	31.12	21.28	HN-TY	166.53	220.20	125.50	24.65	14.80
						HN-YG	137.47	170.60	110.30	19.35	14.08
						HN-CG	143.72	180.00	108.50	21.53	14.98
						TW	113.45	175.50	65.80	35.38	31.19
						TG	142.70	184.60	113.90	26.66	18.68
						YN	145.18	199.50	102.30	30.47	20.99
弹性/mm	3.28	4.89	2.02	0.53	16.11	HN-TY	3.20	3.60	2.80	0.22	6.88
						HN-YG	3.53	4.04	3.24	0.25	7.08
						HN-CG	3.24	4.56	2.66	0.51	15.74
						TW	3.10	4.36	2.02	0.95	30.65
						TG	3.45	3.72	3.15	0.21	6.09
						YN	3.49	4.89	3.03	0.64	18.34
内聚性	0.55	0.67	0.32	0.08	15.04	HN-TY	0.60	0.65	0.52	0.03	5.00
						HN-YG	0.56	0.65	0.47	0.06	10.71
						HN-CG	0.56	0.67	0.37	0.08	14.29
						TW	0.43	0.64	0.32	0.09	20.93
						TG	0.52	0.59	0.43	0.07	13.46
						YN	0.54	0.60	0.47	0.04	7.41
槟榔碱/(μg·g^-1)	5163.47	12173.5	1059.3	2499.78	48.41	HN-TY	5910.61	11288.00	2709.48	2199.37	37.21
						HN-YG	3990.68	6292.75	2203.13	1291.34	32.36
						HN-CG	7121.70	12173.5	3942.10	2428.91	34.11
						TW	3232.40	4283.21	1299.89	914.29	28.29
						TG	4058.00	6996.39	1948.98	2142.42	52.79
						YN	2596.23	5903.56	1059.30	1447.57	55.76

基于生理生化和次生代谢的不同种源槟榔果重要品质评价

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孙园园 , 戚华沙 , 曾琳 , 刘洋洋 ^*

热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(12): 2617-2624

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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (12) : 2617 -2624

基于生理生化和次生代谢的不同种源槟榔果重要品质评价

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孙园园（1999—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：南药质量控制。

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孙园园, 戚华沙, 曾琳, 刘洋洋^*

作者信息

中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院药用植物研究所海南分所/海南省南药资源保护与开发重点实验室/中药质量国际联合研究中心，海南海口　570311

通讯作者:

^* 刘洋洋（LIU Yangyang），E-mail：yyliu@implad.ac.cn。

Evaluation of Important Quality of Different Areca Nuts Based on Compositions and Texture Characteristics

Yuanyuan SUN, Huasha QI, Lin ZENG, Yangyang LIU^*

Affiliations

Chinese Academy of Medical sciences / Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Development of Southern Medicinal Resources / International Joint Research Center for Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine Haikou, Hainan 570311, China

出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.014

文章导航

摘要

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为探究不同类型槟榔果品质，本研究以海南地区种植的不同种源槟榔果为材料，分别对其外观性状、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、原果胶和槟榔碱的含量，以及硬度、咀嚼性、胶黏性、弹性和内聚性等质构指标进行综合评价。结果表明，不同种源槟榔果在果形、半纤维素、咀嚼性、胶黏性、内聚性和槟榔碱含量方面存在显著差异。海南槟榔椭圆果表现出软纤维和粘稠度高的良好品质特征；海南槟榔圆果硬度小、弹性大；海南槟榔椭圆果和海南槟榔长椭圆果槟榔碱含量高，分别达5910.61、7121.70 μg/g。此外，所有性状中槟榔碱含量在不同种源槟榔果中变异最为频繁，且变异系数较大；原果胶含量最不稳定，变异系数在27.78%~74.88%之间；台湾槟榔果各项性状变异系数普遍较大，具有丰富的遗传多样性。本研究为海南省现有的不同种源槟榔果提供重要品质信息，同时通过不同种源槟榔果13项性状指标变异系数的测定，为槟榔开发利用提供科学依据。

关键词

槟榔 / 槟榔碱 / 生理生化 / 质构 / 品质

Abstract

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In order to investigate the edible quality of different provenances of areca nuts, this study was carried out to determine the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protopectin and arecoline, and to analyze the textural structure of hardness, chewiness, viscosity, springiness and cohesion of areca nut from different varieties planted in Hainan. The results showed that there were significant differences between different provenances of areca nuts in terms of fruit shape, hemicellulose, chewiness, viscosity, cohesion and arecoline content. HN-TY showed good quality characteristics of soft fiber and high viscosity. HN-YG had the least hardness and high elasticity. HN-TY and HN-CG had high arecoline contents of 5910.61 and 7121.70 μg/g, respectively. In addition, among all the traits, arecoline content varied most frequently among betel nuts of different varieties and the coefficients of variation were large. Protopectin content was the most unstable, with the coefficients of variation ranging from 27.78% to 74.88%. The coefficients of variation for each trait of the TW were generally large, resulting in a rich genetic diversity. The present study would provide information on the important quality of different provenances of areca nuts available in Hainan province, while the determination of the coefficients of variation of thirteen trait indexes of areca nuts in six groups provide a basis for parental selection in areca nut improvement.

Key words

areca nut / arecoline / physio-biochemistry / texture characteristics / edible quality

引用本文

孙园园, 戚华沙, 曾琳, 刘洋洋. 基于生理生化和次生代谢的不同种源槟榔果重要品质评价. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2617 -2624 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.014

Yuanyuan SUN, Huasha QI, Lin ZENG, Yangyang LIU. Evaluation of Important Quality of Different Areca Nuts Based on Compositions and Texture Characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2617 -2624 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.014

正文

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槟榔（Areca catechu L.）是棕榈科植物，其果实和种子同样被称为槟榔，常被用作咀嚼食品或加工成中药。槟榔是热带地区重要的经济作物之一，主产地集中在南亚和东南亚地区，包括中国、越南、印度尼西亚、菲律宾和缅甸等地^[1]，拥有巨大的消费市场，全球超6亿人嚼食槟榔^[2]。在中国，海南省槟榔种植面积占全国95%以上，历代医药典籍皆以海南所产槟榔为道地药材^[3]。但事实上，国内所产槟榔只有极少一部分作为药用，绝大部分用于鲜食和加工制成槟榔干^[4]。在中国内地，槟榔果一般用于加工制成槟榔干商品，海南作为槟榔主产地，其食用方法独特，通常将新鲜的嫩果切开后撒上熟石灰裹上荖叶食用。槟榔根据种源地划分，可分为本地种、台湾种、泰国种和越南种^[5]，栽培以海南本地种槟榔为主，外来种被认为劣于本地种，因而不受欢迎。

嚼食槟榔时槟榔所具有的槟榔碱成分可以带来欣快感，同时具有一定的成瘾性。在消费市场，槟榔是仅次于烟草、酒精和咖啡因的第四大精神活性物质。诸多研究认为咀嚼槟榔主要造成口腔粘膜的损伤，槟榔纤维与口腔粘膜的机械摩擦是导致损伤的主要原因，口腔受损后，受到生物碱的刺激，更容易引起口腔粘膜纤维化，进而发展为口腔癌^[6-8]。因此，槟榔用于咀嚼时，纤维素含量高、硬度大、生物碱含量高的槟榔对人体健康有较大威胁。为了探究不同种源槟榔的重要食用品质，本研究以不同种源槟榔为研究对象，以纤维素含量、半纤维素含量、木质素含量、硬度、弹性、槟榔碱含量等指标为依据，试图通过对比不同种源槟榔果实的形态、组成成分及质构数据，分析不同种源槟榔的食用品质，解析不同种源槟榔果的品质特征以及种源开发利用的科学依据。

1　材料与方法

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1.1　材料

试验材料均采集于海南地区，选取开花后166~171 d的槟榔果，槟榔资源收集235份，4 ℃保存。根据种源地，将试验材料分为本地种源：海南槟榔（HN）和引种种源：台湾槟榔（TW）、越南槟榔（YN）和泰国槟榔（TG）。其中本地种源依据市场认可度，将海南本土槟榔果细分为海南槟榔圆果（HN-YG）、海南槟榔椭圆果（HN-TY）、海南槟榔长椭圆果（HN-CG）3种形态。选择果蒂完整、颜色大小均匀、没有机械损伤或病变的材料。用游标卡尺测量样品的纵径和横径。

1.2　方法

1.2.1　槟榔样品纤维分析

分别使用纤维素含量测定试剂盒、木质素含量测定试剂盒、半纤维素含量试剂盒、果胶含量试剂盒测定纤维素、木质素、半纤维素、原果胶的含量。所有试剂盒均采用分光光度法。

1.2.2　槟榔质构分析

参照康效宁等^[9]的方法，使用5910 R TMS-pro质构仪测定槟榔的硬度、咀嚼性、内聚性、弹性和胶黏性。选择果实完整的新鲜槟榔果，确定纵向和横向中心，然后将其平放在测试仪75 mm TPA圆盘探头的中心进行测量。TPA测试的参数设置如下：1000 N力量杆元、1 mm/s测试速率、30%形变量和5 s停顿时间。

1.2.3　槟榔碱含量测定

（1）样品处理。称取约0.1 g样品，加入1 mL 75%甲醇溶液，混合均匀，60 ℃下提取60 min。8000×g离心10 min，将上清液稀释10倍，混合均匀，用针式过滤器过滤入有衬管的样品瓶中待测。

（2）高效液相色谱条件。Thermo U3000高效液相色谱仪，Polysulfonix-SCX色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm），流动相：A为磷酸缓冲液，B为乙腈，A∶B=62∶38，进样量10 μL，流速0.5 mL/min，柱温40 ℃，时间30 min，紫外检测波长215 nm。

1.3　数据处理

采用Microsoft excel 2019软件进行数据整理，显著性差异水平由Excel软件对实验数据进行t检验。

2　结果与分析

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2.1　不同种源槟榔果的外观特征分析

槟榔作为咀嚼产品通常处于未完全成熟阶段，槟榔果为绿色，如图1所示，海南本地槟榔果具有圆果（HN-YG）、椭圆果（HN-TY）、长椭圆果（HN-CG）3种形态，尾部有明显凸起；泰国槟榔果（TG）为圆果，尾部平整或微凸；越南槟榔果（YN）为纺锤形果，头尾窄中间宽，尾部无凸起；台湾槟榔果（TW）一般为枣形果。台湾槟榔果长宽比最大，达1.85，泰国槟榔果长宽比最小，为1.21，详见表1。

2.2　不同种源槟榔的组成成分分析

槟榔果果皮主要由纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和原果胶等物质组成。纤维素影响果实结构和纤维性，表现为脆度和硬度。由表2可知，TG纤维素含量最高，为353.02 mg/g；YN纤维素含量最低，为223.88 mg/g。半纤维素可以增加果实的保水性，使果实保持湿润，同时也影响果实的口感，影响其柔软度。HN-YG半纤维素含量最高，为74.82 mg/g；TW半纤维素含量最低，为37.04 mg/g。木质素使果实更加坚硬，各种源槟榔果间木质素含量差别不大，在65.19~78.73 mg/g之间。其中，TW木质素含量最高，HN-YG木质素含量最低。原果胶影响果实的黏性和口感的浓稠，同时具有保水性，使果实保持湿润，增加果实的多汁感。在6组样品中，HN-YG原果胶含量最高，为21.53 mg/g，YN原果胶含量最低，为13.50 mg/g（表2）。

综合上述分析，HN-TY纤维和粘稠度高，纤维素含量和木质素含量低，半纤维素含量和原果胶含量高。TW和YN纤维素含量低，但木质素含量高，同时，其半纤维素含量和原果胶含量低，口感较为干涩。整体来看，海南槟榔果相比台湾槟榔、越南槟榔和泰国槟榔的口感更好。

2.3　不同种源槟榔果的质构分析

不同种源槟榔果的质构特性见表3，各组间槟榔果样品硬度无显著差异，硬度范围为248.64~279.07 N；从咀嚼性与胶黏性指标来看，样本间差异显著，HN-TY咀嚼性最高、胶黏性最大，分别为537.29 mJ、166.53 N，TW咀嚼性最低、胶黏性最小，分别为361.62 mJ、113.45 N。从弹性指标看，各组样品间TW弹性最小，为3.10 mm；HN-YG弹性最大，为3.53 mm；HN-TY和HN-YG的弹性差异显著。从内聚性指标看，TW内聚性最低，为0.43，显著低于其他种源。

2.4　不同种源槟榔果槟榔碱含量分析

槟榔是棕榈科植物中独有的能产生生物碱的植物，槟榔碱是槟榔的特征化合物，也是主要的生物活性成分，其中槟榔碱是咀嚼产生欣快感和成瘾性的最主要物质^[10-12]。由图2可知，HN-TY和HN-CG槟榔碱含量分别为5910.61、7121.70 μg/g，差异不显著；HN-YG与TW、YN和TG槟榔碱含量介于4058.00~2596.23 μg/g，差异不显著。

2.5　不同种质槟榔果品质性状的变异特征

从表4可以看出，不同种源槟榔果的13个性状表现出不同程度的变异。在外观性状方面，槟榔果长度在36.48~60.46 mm之间，变异系数为10.84%；宽度在22.55~40.66 mm之间，变异系数为12.05%；长宽比在1.16~2.28之间，变异系数为16.06%。在槟榔果成分含量方面，纤维素含量在136.92~528.75 mg/g间，变异系数为35.59%；半纤维素含量在31.11~98.90 mg/g之间，变异系数为33.42%；木质素含量在33.12~ 94.06 mg/g之间，变异系数为20.65%；原果胶含量在9.77~22.72 mg/g之间，变异系数为37.96%。质构特性方面，槟榔果硬度范围为152.40~371.70 N，变异系数16.53%；咀嚼性范围为134.24~769.27 mJ，变异系数24.72%；胶黏性范围为65.80~220.20 N，变异系数为21.28%；弹性范围为2.02~4.89 mm，变异系数为16.11%；内聚性范围为0.32~0.67，变异系数为15.04%；槟榔碱含量范围为1059.30~12173.51 μg/g，变异系数为48.41%。由此可知，13个性状中槟榔碱含量最不稳定，变异系数最大，外观性状变异系数最小，性状相对稳定。此外，在不同种源的槟榔果中，海南槟榔长椭圆果长宽比、纤维素和半纤维素变异系数最大，分别为12.89%、40.20%和28.51%；海南槟榔椭圆果木质素变异系数最大，为22.54%；泰国槟榔果原果胶变异系数最大，为74.88%；台湾槟榔果硬度、咀嚼性、胶黏性、弹性和内聚性变异系数均最大，分别为23.57%、44.41%、31.19%、30.65%和20.93%；越南槟榔果长度、宽度和槟榔碱含量变异系数最大，分别为14.22%、10.75%和55.76%。

3　讨论

收起

本研究中将采集到的槟榔果按形态和种源分组，共分为海南槟榔圆果、海南槟榔椭圆果、海南槟榔长椭圆果、泰国槟榔果、越南槟榔果、台湾槟榔果6组。6组槟榔果在形态特征上差异明显，丁浩等^[13]认为鲜果的长宽比及最宽占比会影响加工后槟榔干的品质，而长宽比分布范围为1.03~1.56，最宽占比分布范围为0.32~0.49的槟榔鲜果干制加工后良果率最高。在本研究的6组槟榔果中海南槟榔圆果、泰国槟榔果以及部分椭圆果符合此要求，海南长椭圆果及台湾槟榔果长宽比较大。

槟榔的主要嚼食部分充满纤维，槟榔纤维由大量的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素、果胶等物质组成，不同类型槟榔果纤维组成差异较大^[14-17]。YANG等^[18]比较了产地为海南、越南、印尼和缅甸的4种新鲜槟榔和2种市售槟榔干的总纤维、可溶性纤维、木质素和果胶的含量，发现海南所产槟榔纤维最细且柔软、可溶性纤维含量最高、木质素含量最低，碱性果胶含量最高，因此既有较低的硬度又能保持较好的风味。在本研究中，与引种槟榔果相比，海南槟榔椭圆果表现出软纤维和粘稠度高的良好品质特征，海南槟榔圆果硬度最小，弹性大，食用品质较好。此外，由于在4项性状中，海南槟榔长椭圆果纤维素和半纤维素变异系数最大，海南槟榔椭圆果木质素变异系数最大，泰国槟榔果原果胶变异系数最大，因此也可以根据育种目标的不同，选择不同种源作为亲本进行培育。

除槟榔纤维外，质构也是评价槟榔食用品质的重要指标。质构仪是一种客观评价食品品质的仪器，能以具体的数值量化食品的品质特性，如食品的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、黏性等^[19]。硬度是评价槟榔品质的重要指标之一，槟榔果实的硬度与半纤维素、纤维素、木质素和果胶物质的含量相关^[9,20]。咀嚼性是指咀嚼果实时所需要的能量，反映了槟榔在口腔中咀嚼时的难易程度。咀嚼性与果实的硬度、弹性和胶黏性等相关，硬度高或弹性大都会使咀嚼性增大^[21]。通常硬度越大的样品咀嚼性也会越大，同时硬度也影响弹性，胶黏性与内聚性影响咀嚼性，胶黏性较高使得果实更具粘性口感，内聚性较高使果实咀嚼时口感均一。在槟榔加工阶段，利用浸泡、蒸汽爆破、酶处理等手段改变果实的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性等，使其硬度降低、咀嚼性减小使得口感更好^[22]。在本研究中，海南槟榔圆果硬度最小，内聚性和胶黏性适中，但弹性和咀嚼性较高；海南槟榔长椭圆果硬度、咀嚼性和弹性较小，胶黏性和内聚性较高；海南槟榔椭圆果硬度、咀嚼性、胶黏性和内聚性都最高，弹性较低；台湾槟榔果硬度适中，咀嚼性、胶黏性、弹性和内聚性都最低；泰国槟榔果硬度较高，内聚性较低，咀嚼性、胶黏性和弹性适中；越南槟榔果各方面数据都较高。其中，台湾槟榔果在质构特性上变异系数最大，遗传多样性丰富。

在槟榔碱含量方面，海南槟榔的槟榔碱含量普遍较高，台湾槟榔、越南槟榔和泰国槟榔的槟榔碱含量低。槟榔碱是槟榔的特征化合物，槟榔碱含量高可使嚼食刺激性和欣快感更高，但高含量槟榔碱在长期嚼食中更容易引起口腔粘膜纤维化，因此，根据槟榔开发利用情况，可以选择槟榔碱含量适宜的样本作为槟榔亲本，培育合适的槟榔种质。

基金

收起

海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY162)
海南省自然科学基金项目(324QN337)
万宁市科研项目(2022WNKJ09)

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2024年第45卷第12期

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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.014

接收时间：2024-05-30
首发时间：2026-06-23
出版时间：2024-12-25

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出版历史

收稿日期：2024-05-30
修回日期：2024-08-05

基金

海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY162)

海南省自然科学基金项目(324QN337)

万宁市科研项目(2022WNKJ09)

作者信息

中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院药用植物研究所海南分所/海南省南药资源保护与开发重点实验室/中药质量国际联合研究中心，海南海口　570311

通讯作者:

^* 刘洋洋（LIU Yangyang），E-mail：yyliu@implad.ac.cn。

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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TxT

种源Provenances	长度Length/mm	宽度Width/mm	长宽比Length/Width
HN-TY	49.10±3.72^b	30.86±2.50^b	1.60±0.16^b
HN-YG	46.55±1.33^b	35.45±3.18^a	1.32±0.09^c
HN-CG	52.69±5.80^a	29.20±2.22^c	1.81±0.23^a
TW	47.50±4.44^b	25.82±2.60^d	1.85±0.18^a
TG	41.53±1.94^c	34.36±1.26^a	1.21±0.07^c
YN	50.04±7.11^abc	29.45±3.17^bc	1.70±0.20^ab

种源Provenances

长度Length/mm

宽度Width/mm

长宽比Length/Width

HN-TY

49.10±3.72^b

30.86±2.50^b

1.60±0.16^b

HN-YG

46.55±1.33^b

35.45±3.18^a

1.32±0.09^c

HN-CG

52.69±5.80^a

29.20±2.22^c

1.81±0.23^a

47.50±4.44^b

25.82±2.60^d

1.85±0.18^a

41.53±1.94^c

34.36±1.26^a

1.21±0.07^c

50.04±7.11^abc

29.45±3.17^bc

1.70±0.20^ab

种源Provenances	纤维素Cellulose/(mg·g^-1)	半纤维素Hemicellulose/(mg·g^-1)	木质素Lignin/(mg·g^-1)	原果胶Protopectin/(mg·g^-1)
HN-TY	334.62±102.95^a	64.63±15.60^a	67.20±15.15^ab	19.74±5.91^a
HN-YG	259.02±66.51^ab	74.82±19.82^a	65.19±13.42^ab	21.53±5.98^a
HN-CG	285.14±114.62^ab	58.89±16.79^a	66.00±11.82^a	19.06±5.69^ab
TW	256.62±58.55^ab	37.04±5.36^b	78.73±14.96^b	16.50±6.36^ab
TG	353.02±125.72^ab	50.68±9.55^a	65.87±11.64^ab	18.39±13.77^ab
YN	223.88±40.64^b	37.89±1.87^b	76.59±7.72^ab	13.50±5.10^b

种源Provenances

纤维素Cellulose/(mg·g^-1)

半纤维素Hemicellulose/(mg·g^-1)

木质素Lignin/(mg·g^-1)

原果胶Protopectin/(mg·g^-1)

HN-TY

334.62±102.95^a

64.63±15.60^a

67.20±15.15^ab

19.74±5.91^a

HN-YG

259.02±66.51^ab

74.82±19.82^a

65.19±13.42^ab

21.53±5.98^a

HN-CG

285.14±114.62^ab

58.89±16.79^a

66.00±11.82^a

19.06±5.69^ab

256.62±58.55^ab

37.04±5.36^b

78.73±14.96^b

16.50±6.36^ab

353.02±125.72^ab

50.68±9.55^a

65.87±11.64^ab

18.39±13.77^ab

223.88±40.64^b

37.89±1.87^b

76.59±7.72^ab

13.50±5.10^b

种源Provenances	硬度Hardness/N	咀嚼性Chewiness/mJ	胶黏性Viscosity/N	弹性Springiness/mm	内聚性Cohesion
HN-TY	279.07±37.90^a	537.29±104.60^a	166.53±24.65^a	3.20±0.22^b	0.60±0.03^a
HN-YG	248.64±32.79^a	494.79±110.41^ab	137.47±19.35^bc	3.53±0.25^a	0.56±0.06^ab
HN-CG	258.07±37.79^a	463.04±70.90^b	143.72±21.53^b	3.24±0.51^ab	0.56±0.08^ab
TW	261.18±61.55^a	361.62±160.60^b	113.45±35.38^c	3.10±0.95^ab	0.43±0.09^c
TG	272.45±21.97^a	497.00±93.83^ab	142.70±26.66^ab	3.45±0.21^ab	0.52±0.07^bc
YN	269.70±53.92^a	497.32±82.43^ab	145.18±30.47^ab	3.49±0.64^ab	0.54±0.04^b

种源Provenances

硬度Hardness/N

咀嚼性Chewiness/mJ

胶黏性Viscosity/N

弹性Springiness/mm

内聚性Cohesion

HN-TY

279.07±37.90^a

537.29±104.60^a

166.53±24.65^a

3.20±0.22^b

0.60±0.03^a

HN-YG

248.64±32.79^a

494.79±110.41^ab

137.47±19.35^bc

3.53±0.25^a

0.56±0.06^ab

HN-CG

258.07±37.79^a

463.04±70.90^b

143.72±21.53^b

3.24±0.51^ab

0.56±0.08^ab

261.18±61.55^a

361.62±160.60^b

113.45±35.38^c

3.10±0.95^ab

0.43±0.09^c

272.45±21.97^a

497.00±93.83^ab

142.70±26.66^ab

3.45±0.21^ab

0.52±0.07^bc

269.70±53.92^a

497.32±82.43^ab

145.18±30.47^ab

3.49±0.64^ab

0.54±0.04^b

指标Index	平均值Mean value	最大值Max.	最小值Min.	标准偏差Standard deviation	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%	种源Provenances	平均值Mean value	最大值Max.	最小值Min.	标准偏差Standard deviation	变异系数Coefficient of variation/%
长度/mm	49.14	60.46	36.48	5.33	10.84	HN-TY	49.10	60.46	44.29	3.72	7.57
						HN-YG	46.55	48.23	44.19	1.33	2.86
						HN-CG	52.69	59.59	36.48	5.80	11.01
						TW	47.50	54.20	39.40	4.44	9.36
						TG	41.53	44.03	39.91	1.94	4.67
						YN	50.04	57.43	39.51	7.11	14.22
宽度/mm	30.37	40.66	22.55	3.66	12.05	HN-TY	30.86	35.99	26.30	2.50	8.11
						HN-YG	35.45	40.66	32.00	3.18	8.98
						HN-CG	29.20	32.83	26.11	2.22	7.61
						TW	25.82	30.90	22.55	2.60	10.09
						TG	34.36	36.21	33.53	1.26	3.66
						YN	29.45	32.38	24.44	3.17	10.75
长宽比	1.64	2.28	1.16	0.26	16.06	HN-TY	1.60	1.92	1.37	0.16	9.74
						HN-YG	1.32	1.46	1.19	0.09	7.01
						HN-CG	1.81	2.28	1.16	0.23	12.89
						TW	1.85	2.07	1.50	0.18	9.72
						TG	1.21	1.31	1.16	0.07	5.76
						YN	1.70	1.92	1.44	0.20	11.93
纤维素/(mg×g^-1)	292.36	528.75	136.92	104.05	35.59	HN-TY	334.62	528.75	176.78	102.95	30.77
						HN-YG	259.02	349.25	184.21	66.51	25.68
						HN-CG	285.14	528.22	136.92	114.62	40.20
						TW	256.62	376.69	152.60	58.55	22.82
						TG	353.02	468.27	162.84	125.72	35.61
						YN	223.88	279.76	172.00	40.64	18.15
半纤维/(mg·g^-1)	57.01	98.90	31.11	19.05	33.42	HN-TY	64.63	95.47	46.75	15.60	24.14
						HN-YG	74.82	98.90	47.86	19.82	26.49
						HN-CG	58.89	95.81	45.20	16.79	28.51
						TW	37.04	46.38	31.11	5.36	14.47
						TG	50.68	66.41	40.99	9.55	18.84
						YN	37.89	40.54	35.47	1.87	4.94
木质素/(mg·g^-1)	69.03	94.06	33.12	14.26	20.65	HN-TY	67.20	93.48	40.04	15.15	22.54
						HN-YG	65.19	76.59	33.12	13.42	20.59
						HN-CG	66.00	86.63	40.04	11.82	17.91
						TW	78.73	94.06	49.80	14.96	19.00
						TG	65.87	84.16	52.05	11.64	17.67
						YN	76.59	88.09	64.06	7.72	10.08
原果胶/(mg·g^-1)	18.62	42.21	9.77	7.07	37.96	HN-TY	19.74	28.99	11.54	5.91	29.94
						HN-YG	21.53	30.76	11.68	5.98	27.78
						HN-CG	19.06	30.35	10.04	5.69	29.85
						TW	16.50	29.53	10.18	6.36	38.55
						TG	18.39	42.21	9.77	13.77	74.88
						YN	13.50	22.72	9.77	5.10	37.78
硬度/N	266.16	371.70	152.40	43.98	16.53	HN-TY	279.07	363.20	204.10	37.90	13.58
						HN-YG	248.64	293.30	198.60	32.79	13.19
						HN-CG	258.07	326.90	184.40	37.79	14.64
						TW	261.18	348.70	152.40	61.55	23.57
						TG	272.45	309.90	254.40	21.97	8.06
						YN	269.70	371.70	216.40	53.92	19.99
咀嚼性/mJ	482.43	769.27	134.24	119.26	24.72	HN-TY	537.29	769.27	371.27	104.60	19.47
						HN-YG	494.79	715.71	380.27	110.41	22.31
						HN-CG	463.04	586.66	345.50	70.90	15.31
						TW	361.62	591.37	134.24	160.6	44.41
						TG	497.00	660.91	364.98	93.83	18.88
						YN	497.32	660.91	400.77	82.43	16.57
胶黏性/N	146.26	220.20	65.8	31.12	21.28	HN-TY	166.53	220.20	125.50	24.65	14.80
						HN-YG	137.47	170.60	110.30	19.35	14.08
						HN-CG	143.72	180.00	108.50	21.53	14.98
						TW	113.45	175.50	65.80	35.38	31.19
						TG	142.70	184.60	113.90	26.66	18.68
						YN	145.18	199.50	102.30	30.47	20.99
弹性/mm	3.28	4.89	2.02	0.53	16.11	HN-TY	3.20	3.60	2.80	0.22	6.88
						HN-YG	3.53	4.04	3.24	0.25	7.08
						HN-CG	3.24	4.56	2.66	0.51	15.74
						TW	3.10	4.36	2.02	0.95	30.65
						TG	3.45	3.72	3.15	0.21	6.09
						YN	3.49	4.89	3.03	0.64	18.34
内聚性	0.55	0.67	0.32	0.08	15.04	HN-TY	0.60	0.65	0.52	0.03	5.00
						HN-YG	0.56	0.65	0.47	0.06	10.71
						HN-CG	0.56	0.67	0.37	0.08	14.29
						TW	0.43	0.64	0.32	0.09	20.93
						TG	0.52	0.59	0.43	0.07	13.46
						YN	0.54	0.60	0.47	0.04	7.41
槟榔碱/(μg·g^-1)	5163.47	12173.5	1059.3	2499.78	48.41	HN-TY	5910.61	11288.00	2709.48	2199.37	37.21
						HN-YG	3990.68	6292.75	2203.13	1291.34	32.36
						HN-CG	7121.70	12173.5	3942.10	2428.91	34.11
						TW	3232.40	4283.21	1299.89	914.29	28.29
						TG	4058.00	6996.39	1948.98	2142.42	52.79
						YN	2596.23	5903.56	1059.30	1447.57	55.76

指标Index

平均值Mean value

最大值Max.

最小值Min.

标准偏差Standard deviation

变异系数Coefficient of variation/%

种源Provenances

平均值Mean value

最大值Max.

最小值Min.

标准偏差Standard deviation

变异系数Coefficient of variation/%

长度/mm

49.14

60.46

36.48

5.33

10.84

HN-TY

49.10

60.46

44.29

3.72

7.57

HN-YG

46.55

48.23

44.19

1.33

2.86

HN-CG

52.69

59.59

36.48

5.80

11.01

47.50

54.20

39.40

4.44

9.36

41.53

44.03

39.91

1.94

4.67

50.04

57.43

39.51

7.11

14.22

宽度/mm

30.37

40.66

22.55

3.66

12.05

HN-TY

30.86

35.99

26.30

2.50

8.11

HN-YG

35.45

40.66

32.00

3.18

8.98

HN-CG

29.20

32.83

26.11

2.22

7.61

25.82

30.90

22.55

2.60

10.09

34.36

36.21

33.53

1.26

3.66

29.45

32.38

24.44

3.17

10.75

长宽比

1.64

2.28

1.16

0.26

16.06

HN-TY

1.60

1.92

1.37

0.16

9.74

HN-YG

1.32

1.46

1.19

0.09

7.01

HN-CG

1.81

2.28

1.16

0.23

12.89

1.85

2.07

1.50

0.18

9.72

1.21

1.31

1.16

0.07

5.76

1.70

1.92

1.44

0.20

11.93

纤维素/(mg×g^-1)

292.36

528.75

136.92

104.05

35.59

HN-TY

334.62

528.75

176.78

102.95

30.77

HN-YG

259.02

349.25

184.21

66.51

25.68

HN-CG

285.14

528.22

136.92

114.62

40.20

256.62

376.69

152.60

58.55

22.82

353.02

468.27

162.84

125.72

35.61

223.88

279.76

172.00

40.64

18.15

半纤维/(mg·g^-1)

57.01

98.90

31.11

19.05

33.42

HN-TY

64.63

95.47

46.75

15.60

24.14

HN-YG

74.82

98.90

47.86

19.82

26.49

HN-CG

58.89

95.81

45.20

16.79

28.51

37.04

46.38

31.11

5.36

14.47

50.68

66.41

40.99

9.55

18.84

37.89

40.54

35.47

1.87

4.94

木质素/(mg·g^-1)

69.03

94.06

33.12

14.26

20.65

HN-TY

67.20

93.48

40.04

15.15

22.54

HN-YG

65.19

76.59

33.12

13.42

20.59

HN-CG

66.00

86.63

40.04

11.82

17.91

78.73

94.06

49.80

14.96

19.00

65.87

84.16

52.05

11.64

17.67

76.59

88.09

64.06

7.72

10.08

原果胶/(mg·g^-1)

18.62

42.21

9.77

7.07

37.96

HN-TY

19.74

28.99

11.54

5.91

29.94

HN-YG

21.53

30.76

11.68

5.98

27.78

HN-CG

19.06

30.35

10.04

5.69

29.85

16.50

29.53

10.18

6.36

38.55

18.39

42.21

9.77

13.77

74.88

13.50

22.72

9.77

5.10

37.78

硬度/N

266.16

371.70

152.40

43.98

16.53

HN-TY

279.07

363.20

204.10

37.90

13.58

HN-YG

248.64

293.30

198.60

32.79

13.19

HN-CG

258.07

326.90

184.40

37.79

14.64

261.18

348.70

152.40

61.55

23.57

272.45

309.90

254.40

21.97

8.06

269.70

371.70

216.40

53.92

19.99

咀嚼性/mJ

482.43

769.27

134.24

119.26

24.72

HN-TY

537.29

769.27

371.27

104.60

19.47

HN-YG

494.79

715.71

380.27

110.41

22.31

HN-CG

463.04

586.66

345.50

70.90

15.31

361.62

591.37

134.24

160.6

44.41

497.00

660.91

364.98

93.83

18.88

497.32

660.91

400.77

82.43

16.57

胶黏性/N

146.26

220.20

65.8

31.12

21.28

HN-TY

166.53

220.20

125.50

24.65

14.80

HN-YG

137.47

170.60

110.30

19.35

14.08

HN-CG

143.72

180.00

108.50

21.53

14.98

113.45

175.50

65.80

35.38

31.19

142.70

184.60

113.90

26.66

18.68

145.18

199.50

102.30

30.47

20.99

弹性/mm

3.28

4.89

2.02

0.53

16.11

HN-TY

3.20

3.60

2.80

0.22

6.88

HN-YG

3.53

4.04

3.24

0.25

7.08

HN-CG

3.24

4.56

2.66

0.51

15.74

3.10

4.36

2.02

0.95

30.65

3.45

3.72

3.15

0.21

6.09

3.49

4.89

3.03

0.64

18.34

内聚性

0.55

0.67

0.32

0.08

15.04

HN-TY

0.60

0.65

0.52

0.03

5.00

HN-YG

0.56

0.65

0.47

0.06

10.71

HN-CG

0.56

0.67

0.37

0.08

14.29

0.43

0.64

0.32

0.09

20.93

0.52

0.59

0.43

0.07

13.46

0.54

0.60

0.47

0.04

7.41

槟榔碱/(μg·g^-1)

5163.47

12173.5

1059.3

2499.78

48.41

HN-TY

5910.61

11288.00

2709.48

2199.37

37.21

HN-YG

3990.68

6292.75

2203.13

1291.34

32.36

HN-CG

7121.70

12173.5

3942.10

2428.91

34.11

3232.40

4283.21

1299.89

914.29

28.29

4058.00

6996.39

1948.98

2142.42

52.79

2596.23

5903.56

1059.30

1447.57

55.76