Article(id=1276204243937792620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716393600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-23, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200402482, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200402482, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200402482, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200402482, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276204178091413862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2737', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1735056000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200386783, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782200456354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2563, endPage=2573, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276204244730516078, articleId=1276204243937792620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Microalgae Fertilizer on Growth of Date Palm Seedlings, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As an imported crop, date palm lacks planting management experience in China. It is imperative for the development of Chinese date palm industry to select suitable nutrients, construct the date palm rooting system quickly and efficiently, ensure the full absorption of nutrients by the roots during the field planting period, and shorten the growth cycle of date palm. In order to study the effects of different microalgae fertilizer on the growth of date palm seedlings of “Mabroom” and “Sillege” varieties, fresh microalgae (M1), fermented microalgae solution (M2), microalgae nutrient solution (M3) and microalgae circulation solution (M4) were selected to treat the seedlings. The growth and physiological indexes (leaf length, relative permeability of cell membrane, malondialdehyde MDA, peroxidase POD, catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR) of date palm seedlings were measured. The results showed that the leaf length of “Mabroom” seedlings was significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment with microalgae nutrient solution (M3) and microalgae circulation solution (M4), and the microalgae nutrient solution (M3) and microalgae circulation solution (M4) could promote the growth of “Mabroom” seedlings. The osmotic regulation ability of leaf cells was strong. The contents of catalase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were lower than those of the control. After treatment with fresh microalgae (M1) and fermented microalgae solution (M2), the leaf elongation length of “Sillege” seedlings was significantly higher than that of the control, and fresh microalgae (M1) and fermented microalgae solution (M2) were more suitable for the growth of “Sillege” seedlings, with fresh microalgae (M1)>fermented microalgae solution (M2). The osmotic regulation ability of leaf cells was higher than that of the control. The change of catalase content was lower than that of the control. This study showed that during the cultivation of microalgae, the microalgae nutrient solution (M3) and microalgae circulation solution (M4) could synthesize related active substances to produce primary metabolites. Such bioactive substances were absorbed by seedling roots and promoted the elongation and growth of date palm leaves. The “Mabroom” seedlings were more suitable to apply the secondary metabolites of microalgae as fertilizer. “Sillege” date palm seedlings are more suitable for fresh and fermented microalgae.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ning ZHANG, Fengman WU, Tingqian ZHANG, Zhongliang XU, Fengyuan XU, Wei ZHANG, Shuanghong CHENG, Haiquan FU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuanghong CHENG, Haiquan FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276204248027239034, articleId=1276204243937792620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=不同种类的微藻肥对椰枣幼苗生长的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

椰枣作为外来引进作物,国内缺乏栽培管理经验。选择合适的营养剂,快速高效构建椰枣生根体系,保障椰枣在田间定植期间根系对营养的充分吸收,缩短椰枣的生长周期,是我国椰枣产业发展的当务之急。为研究不同种类的微藻肥对2个品种Mabroom、Sillege椰枣幼苗生长的影响,选用鲜微藻(M1)、发酵微藻液(M2)、微藻营养液(M3)、微藻循环液(M4)对幼苗进行处理,对椰枣幼苗生长及生理指标叶长、细胞膜的相对透性、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)进行测定。结果表明:在M3和M4处理后,Mabroom幼苗叶长显著高于CK,M4>M3,M3和M4能够促进Mabroom幼苗的生长;叶片细胞的渗透调节能力强;CAT、POD活性及MDA含量变化低于CK。而在M1、M2处理后,Sillege幼苗叶片伸长长度显著高于CK,M1、M2更适合Sillege幼苗的生长,M1>M2;叶片细胞的渗透调节能力高于CK;CAT活性变化低于CK。该研究表明M3和M4在培养微藻的过程中,可合成相关活性物质产生初级代谢产物,此种生物活性物质被幼苗根系吸收,促进了椰枣叶片的伸长生长,Mabroom幼苗更适合施用微藻的次生代谢产物作为肥料,Sillege椰枣幼苗更适合新鲜微藻和发酵后的微藻。

, authors=

张宁(1989—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:椰枣资源与生物育种。

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* 程双红(CHENG Shuanghong),E-mail:
符海泉(FU Haiquan),E-mail:
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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=BVuFpPJfzbp8yW1AO9m+0g==, figureFileBig=vaCc4SmZn0MQkA1ja3AaYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204269237834426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different microalgae fertilizer treatments on activity of catalase (CAT) in date palm seedlings, figureFileSmall=+cjT3i3ieC4SQ1ICsBLU8A==, figureFileBig=0NHC3R5Ow8EFPe/MK5/C0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204269397217979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同藻类肥料处理对椰枣幼苗过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=+cjT3i3ieC4SQ1ICsBLU8A==, figureFileBig=0NHC3R5Ow8EFPe/MK5/C0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204269476909757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of different microalgae fertilizer treatments on activity of peroxidase (POD) in date palm seedlings, figureFileSmall=WDUtL5TVoPF3A/lDR/DsaA==, figureFileBig=IGDVJAb802BAEIzZtfyb0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204269816648382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同藻类肥料处理对椰枣幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=WDUtL5TVoPF3A/lDR/DsaA==, figureFileBig=IGDVJAb802BAEIzZtfyb0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204269896340159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of different microalgae fertilizer treatments on malondialdehyde (MDA) content of date palm seedlings, figureFileSmall=GNGbSdhsDhG7LHwKNA257A==, figureFileBig=4nAtDg7avq3aUlDJ9yIQkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204270215107264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同藻类肥料处理对椰枣幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=GNGbSdhsDhG7LHwKNA257A==, figureFileBig=4nAtDg7avq3aUlDJ9yIQkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204270315770561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of different microalgae fertilizer treatments on cell morphology of date palm leaves, figureFileSmall=UmF2rt1tEJrMEOe1zTZ0xQ==, figureFileBig=whxcyz3diYjZfNw8HjyOAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204270655509186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同藻类肥料处理对椰枣叶片细胞形态特征的影响, figureFileSmall=UmF2rt1tEJrMEOe1zTZ0xQ==, figureFileBig=whxcyz3diYjZfNw8HjyOAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204270751978179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Treatment number

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatments椰枣品种Date palm varieties藻肥种类Types of algal fertilizer
MCKMabroomCK
MM1M1
MM2M2
MM3M3
MM4M4
SCKSillegeCK
SM1M1
SM2M2
SM3M3
SM4M4
), ArticleFig(id=1276204271477592772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

处理编号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatments椰枣品种Date palm varieties藻肥种类Types of algal fertilizer
MCKMabroomCK
MM1M1
MM2M2
MM3M3
MM4M4
SCKSillegeCK
SM1M1
SM2M2
SM3M3
SM4M4
), ArticleFig(id=1276204271557284549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effect of different algal fertilizer treatments on leaf length of date palm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶长Length of leaf/cm
7 d14 d21 d28 d35 d42 d
MCK40.5±1.63e42.3±1.87c42.5±3.58c43.3±1.28c45.8±3.79e48.2±5.02e
MM148.0±2.87a49.2±2.56a51.9±2.28a52.7±3.56b53.2±2.75d54.1±3.45d
MM245.0±3.43c47.3±2.90b49.6±5.65b52.2±2.78b56.0±4.58b58.0±4.01c
MM347.0±2.98b49.1±3.54a51.5±2.32a53.5±1.79a57.0±2.69a60.4±3.25b
MM444.1±1.78d49.0±2.21a50.1±1.89b52.1±5.43b54.5±1.09c62.5±1.54a
SCK35.0±1.67g36.0±4.58f37.4±3.32g37.9±5.45f39.6±1.56h40.3±4.56i
SM134.5±4.32h38.5±1.68d40.0±3.34d40.7±4.31d43.6±3.25f47.2±1.69f
SM232.9±2.58i35.6±2.35g39.8±1.67e40.5±2.34d43.5±4.09f46.0±3.47f
SM335.8±2.14g36.5±2.43f38.5±2.76f40.4±1.89d42.3±2.58g44.5±6.31h
SM436.5±5.67f37.6±2.21e38.0±4.39f39.5±2.78e40.5±1.65h43.0±4.57h
), ArticleFig(id=1276204271628587718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同藻类肥料处理对椰枣叶长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment叶长Length of leaf/cm
7 d14 d21 d28 d35 d42 d
MCK40.5±1.63e42.3±1.87c42.5±3.58c43.3±1.28c45.8±3.79e48.2±5.02e
MM148.0±2.87a49.2±2.56a51.9±2.28a52.7±3.56b53.2±2.75d54.1±3.45d
MM245.0±3.43c47.3±2.90b49.6±5.65b52.2±2.78b56.0±4.58b58.0±4.01c
MM347.0±2.98b49.1±3.54a51.5±2.32a53.5±1.79a57.0±2.69a60.4±3.25b
MM444.1±1.78d49.0±2.21a50.1±1.89b52.1±5.43b54.5±1.09c62.5±1.54a
SCK35.0±1.67g36.0±4.58f37.4±3.32g37.9±5.45f39.6±1.56h40.3±4.56i
SM134.5±4.32h38.5±1.68d40.0±3.34d40.7±4.31d43.6±3.25f47.2±1.69f
SM232.9±2.58i35.6±2.35g39.8±1.67e40.5±2.34d43.5±4.09f46.0±3.47f
SM335.8±2.14g36.5±2.43f38.5±2.76f40.4±1.89d42.3±2.58g44.5±6.31h
SM436.5±5.67f37.6±2.21e38.0±4.39f39.5±2.78e40.5±1.65h43.0±4.57h
), ArticleFig(id=1276204271980909255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of different algal fertilizer treatments on relative permeability of cell membrane of date palm leaves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment细胞膜相对透性Relative permeability of cell membrane/%
7 d14 d21 d28 d35 d42 d
MCK26.6±4.01g33.2±3.06e35.2±3.31c37.7±2.78b30.4±1.56f27.6±0.76g
MM131.7±3.45c32.9±4.09f40.0±2.32b34.6±1.46d32.7±0.52d28.9±1.36f
MM238.9±2.38a39.5±3.21a43.4±3.18a38.2±0.89a35.3±2.43c31.3±2.89c
MM332.2±3.67b36.8±4.52c32.9±3.21e34.3±1.54d32.3±3.45d30.6±4.76d
MM427.6±2.89f37.5±1.98b34.8±4.67b34.6±5.45d39.3±5.53b29.2±2.09e
SCK29.5±3.89e34.9±2.31d33.9±3.21d30.4±2.56f31.8±6.41e28.2±4.43f
SM126.4±3.87g39.9±2.17a33.6±5.61d30.3±2.49f29.9±4.42f30.9±3.57d
SM230.9±4.45d34.9±3.41d31.8±3.78f38.8±2.31a31.8±3.15e28.9±7.60f
SM331.2±2.21c37.0±4.87b33.6±1.78d35.4±5.41c40.5±5.13a32.7±4.47b
SM429.8±2.98e35.6±2.12c31.2±4.32f31.9±2.47e39.6±2.54b33.9±2.56a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204273683796680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同藻类肥料处理对椰枣叶片细胞膜相对透性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment细胞膜相对透性Relative permeability of cell membrane/%
7 d14 d21 d28 d35 d42 d
MCK26.6±4.01g33.2±3.06e35.2±3.31c37.7±2.78b30.4±1.56f27.6±0.76g
MM131.7±3.45c32.9±4.09f40.0±2.32b34.6±1.46d32.7±0.52d28.9±1.36f
MM238.9±2.38a39.5±3.21a43.4±3.18a38.2±0.89a35.3±2.43c31.3±2.89c
MM332.2±3.67b36.8±4.52c32.9±3.21e34.3±1.54d32.3±3.45d30.6±4.76d
MM427.6±2.89f37.5±1.98b34.8±4.67b34.6±5.45d39.3±5.53b29.2±2.09e
SCK29.5±3.89e34.9±2.31d33.9±3.21d30.4±2.56f31.8±6.41e28.2±4.43f
SM126.4±3.87g39.9±2.17a33.6±5.61d30.3±2.49f29.9±4.42f30.9±3.57d
SM230.9±4.45d34.9±3.41d31.8±3.78f38.8±2.31a31.8±3.15e28.9±7.60f
SM331.2±2.21c37.0±4.87b33.6±1.78d35.4±5.41c40.5±5.13a32.7±4.47b
SM429.8±2.98e35.6±2.12c31.2±4.32f31.9±2.47e39.6±2.54b33.9±2.56a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204273759294153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Correlation analysis of 6 indexes of date palm seedlings treated with different microalgae fertilizers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生理指标Physiological indexMDAGRCATPOD细胞膜相对透性Relative permeability of cell membrane叶长Length of leaf
MDA1.000
GR0.195*1.000
CAT0.326*0.124*1.000
POD0.100*0.0750.226*1.000
细胞膜相对透性-0.154*0.299*0.0050.120*1.000
叶长0.0900.239*0.0910.0800.0851.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276204274048701130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同藻类肥料处理下椰枣幼苗6个指标的相关分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生理指标Physiological indexMDAGRCATPOD细胞膜相对透性Relative permeability of cell membrane叶长Length of leaf
MDA1.000
GR0.195*1.000
CAT0.326*0.124*1.000
POD0.100*0.0750.226*1.000
细胞膜相对透性-0.154*0.299*0.0050.120*1.000
叶长0.0900.239*0.0910.0800.0851.000
), ArticleFig(id=1276204274111615691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Variability analysis of 6 indexes of date palm seedlings treated with different algae fertilizers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait最小值Min最大值Max极差Range平均值Mean标准差SD变异系数CV/%
叶长34.5062.5028.0044.887.0615.73
细胞膜相对透性26.4043.4017.0033.493.8311.44
GR1.0017.0016.006.423.6857.32
CAT9.09135.89126.8060.7129.8349.14
POD17.65117.98100.3355.5219.9535.93
MDA0.656.315.662.240.9542.41
), ArticleFig(id=1276204274178724556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204243937792620, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同藻类肥料处理下椰枣幼苗6个指标的变异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性状Trait最小值Min最大值Max极差Range平均值Mean标准差SD变异系数CV/%
叶长34.5062.5028.0044.887.0615.73
细胞膜相对透性26.4043.4017.0033.493.8311.44
GR1.0017.0016.006.423.6857.32
CAT9.09135.89126.8060.7129.8349.14
POD17.65117.98100.3355.5219.9535.93
MDA0.656.315.662.240.9542.41
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不同种类的微藻肥对椰枣幼苗生长的影响
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张宁 1 , 吴丰漫 2 , 张婷芊 2 , 徐中亮 1 , 徐烽原 3 , 张巍 3 , 程双红 2, * , 符海泉 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(12): 2563-2573
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (12) : 2563 -2573
不同种类的微藻肥对椰枣幼苗生长的影响
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张宁1, 吴丰漫2, 张婷芊2, 徐中亮1, 徐烽原3, 张巍3, 程双红2, * , 符海泉1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所/国家热带棕榈种质资源圃,海南文昌 571300
  • 2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000
  • 3.微资源(上海)生物技术有限公司,上海 201203
通讯作者:
* 程双红(CHENG Shuanghong),E-mail:
符海泉(FU Haiquan),E-mail:
Effects of Different Microalgae Fertilizer on Growth of Date Palm Seedlings
Ning ZHANG1, Fengman WU2, Tingqian ZHANG2, Zhongliang XU1, Fengyuan XU3, Wei ZHANG3, Shuanghong CHENG2, * , Haiquan FU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Tropical Palm Germplasm Reserve, Wenchang, Hainan 571300, China
  • 2.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665000, China
  • 3.Micro Resources (Shanghai) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.008
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椰枣作为外来引进作物,国内缺乏栽培管理经验。选择合适的营养剂,快速高效构建椰枣生根体系,保障椰枣在田间定植期间根系对营养的充分吸收,缩短椰枣的生长周期,是我国椰枣产业发展的当务之急。为研究不同种类的微藻肥对2个品种Mabroom、Sillege椰枣幼苗生长的影响,选用鲜微藻(M1)、发酵微藻液(M2)、微藻营养液(M3)、微藻循环液(M4)对幼苗进行处理,对椰枣幼苗生长及生理指标叶长、细胞膜的相对透性、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)进行测定。结果表明:在M3和M4处理后,Mabroom幼苗叶长显著高于CK,M4>M3,M3和M4能够促进Mabroom幼苗的生长;叶片细胞的渗透调节能力强;CAT、POD活性及MDA含量变化低于CK。而在M1、M2处理后,Sillege幼苗叶片伸长长度显著高于CK,M1、M2更适合Sillege幼苗的生长,M1>M2;叶片细胞的渗透调节能力高于CK;CAT活性变化低于CK。该研究表明M3和M4在培养微藻的过程中,可合成相关活性物质产生初级代谢产物,此种生物活性物质被幼苗根系吸收,促进了椰枣叶片的伸长生长,Mabroom幼苗更适合施用微藻的次生代谢产物作为肥料,Sillege椰枣幼苗更适合新鲜微藻和发酵后的微藻。

椰枣  /  微藻  /  过氧化物  /  丙二醛

As an imported crop, date palm lacks planting management experience in China. It is imperative for the development of Chinese date palm industry to select suitable nutrients, construct the date palm rooting system quickly and efficiently, ensure the full absorption of nutrients by the roots during the field planting period, and shorten the growth cycle of date palm. In order to study the effects of different microalgae fertilizer on the growth of date palm seedlings of “Mabroom” and “Sillege” varieties, fresh microalgae (M1), fermented microalgae solution (M2), microalgae nutrient solution (M3) and microalgae circulation solution (M4) were selected to treat the seedlings. The growth and physiological indexes (leaf length, relative permeability of cell membrane, malondialdehyde MDA, peroxidase POD, catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR) of date palm seedlings were measured. The results showed that the leaf length of “Mabroom” seedlings was significantly higher than that of the control group after treatment with microalgae nutrient solution (M3) and microalgae circulation solution (M4), and the microalgae nutrient solution (M3) and microalgae circulation solution (M4) could promote the growth of “Mabroom” seedlings. The osmotic regulation ability of leaf cells was strong. The contents of catalase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde were lower than those of the control. After treatment with fresh microalgae (M1) and fermented microalgae solution (M2), the leaf elongation length of “Sillege” seedlings was significantly higher than that of the control, and fresh microalgae (M1) and fermented microalgae solution (M2) were more suitable for the growth of “Sillege” seedlings, with fresh microalgae (M1)>fermented microalgae solution (M2). The osmotic regulation ability of leaf cells was higher than that of the control. The change of catalase content was lower than that of the control. This study showed that during the cultivation of microalgae, the microalgae nutrient solution (M3) and microalgae circulation solution (M4) could synthesize related active substances to produce primary metabolites. Such bioactive substances were absorbed by seedling roots and promoted the elongation and growth of date palm leaves. The “Mabroom” seedlings were more suitable to apply the secondary metabolites of microalgae as fertilizer. “Sillege” date palm seedlings are more suitable for fresh and fermented microalgae.

date palm  /  microalgae  /  peroxide  /  malondialdehyde
张宁, 吴丰漫, 张婷芊, 徐中亮, 徐烽原, 张巍, 程双红, 符海泉. 不同种类的微藻肥对椰枣幼苗生长的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2563 -2573 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.008
Ning ZHANG, Fengman WU, Tingqian ZHANG, Zhongliang XU, Fengyuan XU, Wei ZHANG, Shuanghong CHENG, Haiquan FU. Effects of Different Microalgae Fertilizer on Growth of Date Palm Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2563 -2573 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.008
椰枣树(Phoenix dactylifera)是阿拉伯国家的重要木本粮食作物,被誉为“阿拉伯民族之树”。椰枣树和椰枣在阿拉伯人民日常生活中扮演了极为重要的角色,营养价值极高,是阿拉伯一些国家重要的出口农作物,在中东阿拉伯国家的生态和经济建设中发挥着重要作用[1]。椰枣的杂合性与雌雄异株有关[2],种子繁殖产生的后代有一半是由开花前无法区分的雄树组成的,它们不产生果实,而且在后续繁殖中也会发生很大的变异,而雌性植物产生的果实也多变,通常质量较差[3]。无性繁殖成为椰枣种苗繁育的主要手段,无性繁殖技术包括2个方面:母株分蘖苗繁殖和组织培养技术[4]。其中分蘖苗繁殖是从母株上切割下分蘖苗,然后复壮生根后田间定植[5]。组织培养技术是取椰枣的器官组织通过体胚发生途径获得再生植株,而后壮苗生根,温室炼苗后田间定植[6]。2种技术手段都需要重新构建植株的根系,确保获得健康根系为植株充分吸收营养提供保障,传统的化肥不仅在幼嫩的苗期易对植物造成烧苗的危害,而且容易影响土壤结构的稳定性、水分渗透力和养分组成。椰枣已成为热带农业的重要组成部分,对促进农民增收和农业可持续发展具有重要意义,然而,中国的椰枣研究起步较晚,种苗繁育技术还未完善,椰枣幼苗生长过程中存在生长缓慢、易受害虫侵害等问题,限制了椰枣产业发展[7-8]。因此,如何筛选出快速、高效构建椰枣生根体系的营养剂,且保障植物根系的营养吸收,缩短椰枣的生长周期成为目前我国的椰枣产业发展的当务之急。
微藻是一类广泛分布于海洋、淡水和陆地环境中的微小植物,具有光合利用度高、营养丰富的特点,微藻作为一种新型生物资源,在食品、饲料、化妆品、医药和能源等领域得到了广泛关注[9-11]。微藻肥作为一种绿色、高效的生物肥料,已经在农业生产中取得了良好的应用效果。在农业工程中藻类资源也具有广阔的应用前景。微藻具有品质可塑、固碳能力强、生长速率快、培养方式多样化(光合自养、混养及异养)、生长周期短,可工业化养殖等特点[12-15]。藻类作为生物圈的重要组成部分,广泛生长于水体和陆地环境中,具有形态多样性和功能多样性,藻类是土壤改良和作物增产的潜在绿色生物资源,具有巨大的开发价值。微藻细胞含有大量营养元素,如氮、磷和钾等,可以作为椰枣育苗阶段有机缓释肥料,改善土壤营养元素的化学剂量比,为后期提高椰枣的产量和品质打下技术基础[16]
根据藻类资源对土壤和植物的不同作用机制,其衍生出不同类型的产品。其中微藻作为生物肥料(microalgae biofertil-izer,MBF)可提高土壤肥力,即藻细胞通过光合作用和固氮作用,提高土壤的氧气和有机质含量,进而提高土壤微生物活力和改善微生物间的相互作用,促进植物生长[17],可通过施加藻源颗粒或藻粉,利用藻细胞自身营养物质改良土壤;从藻类细胞中提取的生物刺激剂(microalgae biostimulant,MBS)可以促进种子萌发、植物生长,提高植物的养分利用效率,增强植物对环境胁迫的耐受性;从藻类细胞中提取的海藻多糖可在农产品表面形成生物膜(biofilm),抑制微生物感染和生物氧化,是潜在的农产品保鲜剂;在土壤修复和污染治理方面,也可以利用微藻的胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substance,EPS)增强土壤团聚体的稳定性,实现荒漠化土壤的治理[18]。土壤微藻具有固氮和固碳作用、释放生物活性物质(如类胡萝卜素、蛋白质、脂肪酸、植物激素等)及含有微量元素(Cu、Fe、Se、Mn、Zn)等生物特性,在养分投入量过多的条件下,施用微藻并不会提高番茄/黄瓜的产量,但可明显降低果实中硝酸盐含量,改善果实品质[19]。蓝藻在对水稻作物的养分需求及环境胁迫方面发挥着有效作用,其中蓝藻作为生物肥料在改善水稻氮素需求和粉煤灰胁迫中发挥着重要的作用[20]。在洋葱栽培的田间试验研究中发现微藻生物肥料对洋葱的产量有明显提高,可作为生物替代肥料产生可持续性和提高生产力[21]。在番茄栽培管理上,微藻作为缓释肥料,改善土壤结构,增强植物抗逆性、促进根系生长和增殖、增强植物光合作用等优点[22]。近年来,在我国有关微藻肥对植物生长的促进作用的研究越来越多,但关于微藻肥对椰枣幼苗生长影响的研究鲜见报道。为此,本研究选取鲜微藻(M1)、发酵微藻液(M2)、微藻营养液(M3)、微藻循环液(M4)4种微藻肥,2个品种Mabroom、Sillege椰枣幼苗为研究对象,探讨4种微藻肥对2个不同品种类型的椰枣幼苗生长指标和生理指标的影响,旨在为椰枣种苗繁育提供一种高效、环保的育苗方法,促进我国椰枣产业的可持续发展。
试验在中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所光照培养实验室进行。椰枣种子品种Mabroom、Sillege均来自阿联酋。在培养皿中催芽至露白后,播种于含有泥炭、珍珠岩、蛭石和椰糠(体积比4∶3∶2∶1)的营养钵中,在光照培养室中培养,培养温度28 ℃,6个月后,选择生长健壮、长势一致的椰枣幼苗作为供试材料。微藻肥料M1(微藻养殖池里采获新鲜的藻)、M2(新鲜微藻经过30 d密封发酵的培养液)、M3(采收新鲜微藻后的培养液)、M4(采收微藻后经过杂质过滤后进入第二轮循环使用的液体)均由上海微资源有限公司提供(表1)。
对供试材料作以下处理,分别以清水(CK)、M1、M2、M3、M4作为肥料,隔天处理1次,每次200 mL,每周3次,7 d为一个处理周期,共6个周期。每个处理5株,重复3次。
每7 d统计苗期形态指标:叶长;测定叶片的电导率,计算细胞膜的相对透性;取样椰枣叶片,测定生理指标:丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)。MDA、POD、CAT、GR指标检测所使用的试剂盒为96样微板法,均采购自苏州格锐思生物科技有限公司,所用设备为赛默飞的酶联免疫检测仪。
42 d后,从营养钵中取出完整的叶片,用石蜡切片技术对组织样本进行切片,番红固绿染色,观察细胞组织的形态结构;实验流程:脱蜡至水-固绿染色-番红染色-脱水封片-显微镜镜检;细胞结构特征:韧皮部性形成层芽尖根尖分生区等新生组织结构呈绿色,木质化木栓化结构呈红色。
试验数据用Excel软件整理,用SPSS 22软件进行单因素、多因素方差分析、多重比较及显著性分析,用R语言(3.6.2)进行相关性分析。
表2可以看出,不同种类的微藻肥料处理椰枣幼苗后,对2个品种的椰枣幼苗叶长均产生了不同程度的影响。随着处理时间的增加,2个品种的椰枣叶长随之增加,MM1、MM2、MM3、MM4处理的叶长在42 d时均显著高于MCK(P<0.05),其中MM4处理叶长在42 d时达到最长,为62.5 cm;其次是MM3处理的叶长,在42 d时达到60.4 cm,与MCK差异显著(P<0.05)。SM1、SM2、SM3、SM4处理的叶长在42 d时均显著高于SCK(P<0.05),其中,SM1和SM2长度分别达到47.2、46.0 cm,二者之间差异不显著;SM3和SM4长度分别达到44.5、43.0 cm,二者之间差异不显著。由此可见,M3和M4有利于促进Mabroom品种幼苗叶片的伸长,M1和M2有利于促进Sillege品种幼苗叶片的伸长。
表3可以看出,MCK、MM1、MM2处理下细胞膜相对透性随着处理时间的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,每个相同时间段的数值与MCK差异显著(P<0.05),MM3处理下细胞膜相对透性在7~14 d出现升高趋势,14~21 d出现降低趋势,21~28 d出现升高趋势,28~42 d出现降低趋势;MM4处理下细胞膜相对透性在7~14 d出现升高趋势,14~28 d出现降低趋势并趋于稳定,35~42 d出现降低趋势,每个相同时间段的数值与MCK差异显著(P<0.05),MM1在42 d的细胞膜相对透性相比对照组增量最少;SM1、SM2的细胞膜相对透性出现先升高后降低并保持稳定趋势,SM3、SM4在7~28 d出现先升高后降低趋势,在35 d出现明显升高,SM2在42 d的细胞膜相对透性与SCK差异不显著。由此可见,M1和M4对Mabroom品种幼苗叶片细胞损伤最小,M1和M2对Sillege品种幼苗叶片细胞损伤最小。
图1可知,Mabroom品种幼苗经过藻肥处理的第7天,MM2处理的GR活性达到最高值,较其他处理差异显著(P<0.05),在处理的14~28 d,MM1处理后GR活性维持在较高水平,在处理的35~42 d,MM4处理的GR值活性升高;Sillege品种幼苗经过藻肥处理的14 d,SM2处理的GR值活性升高较其他处理差异显著(P<0.05),处理14~28 d,GR活性出现降低趋势,在处理的35 d,SM3处理的GR活性升至最高值,在处理的42 d,Sillege品种幼苗的GR活性整体降低,SM1处理的GR活性较其他处理高且差异显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,MM1、MM2处理可以在不同时间段内提高Mabroom品种椰枣幼苗GR活性,SM2、SM3处理在14~35 d可以提高Sillege品种幼苗的GR活性,而SM1处理只能在42 d时提高Sillege品种幼苗的GR活性。
图2可知,在7~35 d处理中,CAT活性呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势,在42 d处理时呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势。Mabroom品种幼苗在MM3处理7、21 d时,CAT活性达到最高,与其他处理差异显著(P<0.05),MM2处理14 d时,CAT活性达到最高,MM1处理Mabroom品种幼苗35 d时,CAT活性达到最高,42 d时CAT活性降低至MCK以下,与MCK差异显著(P<0.05);Sillege品种幼苗在处理7 d时,SM4处理的CAT活性达到最高,14~21 d时,CAT活性呈现下降趋势,28~35 d时CAT活性呈上升趋势,42 d时CAT活性下降,显著低于SCK(P<0.05)。Sillege品种幼苗在SM1处理下7~ 21 d与SCK的变化趋势基本保持一致,呈现平稳趋势,28 d时,CAT活性增加,与其他处理差异显著(P<0.05),35 d时CAT活性低于SCK,42 d时CAT活性升高,显著高于SCK(P<0.05)。SM2处理在42 d时CAT活性升高,显著高于SCK(P<0.05)。由此可见,Mabroom品种的椰枣幼苗在MM2和MM3处理的7~14 d即可产生敏感反应分泌过氧化氢,Sillege品种的椰枣幼苗在SM4处理7 d时即可产生敏感反应分泌过氧化氢,Sillege品种的椰枣幼苗对SM1和SM2的处理敏感反应延迟至35~42 d。
图3可知,Mabroom品种幼苗在MCK、MM1和MM4处理下,POD活性呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,其中MM1处理POD活性在7~14 d降低,14~21 d升高,21~28 d再降低,28~35 d再升高,35~42 d又降低,与MCK的变化趋势一致,而MM4处理在35~42 d后POD活性趋于稳定。藻肥MM2和MM3处理Mabroom品种椰枣幼苗POD活性呈现先升高后降低再升高的趋势,其中POD活性在7~21 d升高,21~28 d降低,28~35 d再升高,35~42 d再降低,与MCK变化趋势相反;Sillege品种幼苗POD活性在SMK、SM2、SM3的变化趋势相似,呈先升高后降低趋势,其中在SM2处理下,7~35 d的POD活性呈现升高趋势,42 d时出现降低,而在SM3处理下7~21 d的POD活性升高,21~28 d的POD活性降低,35 d时短暂升高又降低至回归平稳。SM1、SM4的变化趋势与其相反,POD活性呈先降低后升高趋势,其中在SM1处理下,POD活性在7~14 d急速下降,而后21~35 d平稳上升,在42 d时POD活性有所降低,在SM4处理下,POD活性在7~14 d略微下降,14~42 d处于快速升高期,显著高于SCK(P<0.05)。由此可见,Mabroom品种幼苗对MM2和MM3处理更为敏感,植株在此处理下可以快速产生大量过氧化物,Mabroom品种幼苗对MM1和MM4处理出现短暂的敏感期,即降低归于平稳;Sillege品种幼苗对SM2和SM3的前期处理更为敏感,对SM4处理的敏感度则主要表现在后期产生大量过氧化物。
图4可知,Mabroom品种幼苗在MM2、MM3和MM4处理下,MDA含量的变化趋势相似,呈先降低后升高趋势,7~21 d降低,21~28 d平稳上升,28~42 d呈升高趋势,在MCK处理下,MDA含量在7~21 d平稳下降,21~42 d呈现升高趋势,在MM1处理下,MDA含量在7~14 d先升高后在21 d时降低,21~35 d进入快速升高期,42 d时降至初期含量。Sillege品种幼苗MDA含量在SMK的变化趋势7~21 d快速升高、28 d时降低,35 d时升高,而后降低至与21 d时持平,在藻肥SM1的处理下MDA含量呈先降低后平稳上升的趋势,在SM2处理下MDA含量变化呈现先快速升高后平稳上升,在SM3处理下MDA含量变化呈现先降低后28 d时开始升高,而后降低趋于平稳,SM4处理下MDA含量变化呈现先降低后14 d开始升高,而后降低趋于平稳。由此可见,Mabroom品种幼苗对MM2和MM3的处理表现敏感,7 d的MDA含量就达到最高值,膜脂过氧化程度最高,Sillege品种幼苗对SM2处理后期更为敏感,35~42 d的MDA含量升高,膜脂过氧化程度达到最高。SM1、SM3和SM4的膜脂化程度变化并不明显。
对不同藻类肥料处理下椰枣幼苗6个指标的相关分析(表4)及变异性分析(表5)发现,所有性状均存在不同程度的相关性,其中MDA含量与GR、CAT、POD活性呈显著正相关,与细胞膜相对透性呈显著负相关,MDA与CAT的相关系数达到0.326;GR活性与CAT、细胞膜的相对透性和叶长呈显著正相关,与细胞膜相对透性的相关系数达到0.299;CAT活性与POD活性呈显著正相关,相关系数达到0.226;POD活性与细胞膜相对透性呈显著正相关,相关系数达到0.120。
对不同藻类肥料处理下椰枣幼苗6个指标的变异性分析(表5)发现,所有性状均存在变异情况,GR的变异系数最大,达到57.32,细胞膜相对透性的变异系数最小,仅为11.44%,CAT的变异系数达到49.14%,仅次于GR的变异系数。
图5可以看出,椰枣幼苗经过番红固绿染色后,细胞呈现绿色部分居多,证明多数细胞具备分生能力,MM4中细胞的绿色程度更深,说明Mabroom幼苗在M4的施用过程中,细胞分生能力更强,更有活力,其次是MM3,呈红色部分的木质化木栓化结构的细胞较少。由SM1、SM2可以看出,Sillege幼苗在M1和M2的施用过程中,减少了叶片组织细胞中的老化部分,增强了细胞活力。细胞形态结构特征与生理指标分析结果基本保持一致。
我国是世界农业大国,也是化肥消费大国,对肥料有较大的需求,微藻作为一种生物肥料,具有巨大优势,发展空间广阔。刘淑芳等[23]使用了混合蛋白核小球藻、卷曲鱼腥藻和四尾栅藻的生物肥料不仅可以促进黄瓜的生长,还能显著改善土壤品质,减少化肥的使用[24]。王荣敏[25]在研究蓝藻和绿藻组成的肥液对于桃子生长发育的影响中发现微藻肥可以有效增加果实质量和固形物含量的作用。FAHEED等[26]研究了小球藻对生菜的影响,经过藻液处理可以显著提高种子的发芽速率,在土壤中添加藻液也增加了幼苗的鲜质量、干质量和色素含量。GRZESIK等[27]通过使用蓝藻和绿藻改善玉米种子萌发、幼苗生长和代谢活性,结果表明,单株培养的微藻均能显著提高玉米幼苗的生长,并强化了酶的代谢活性,而关于椰枣的生物肥料研究使用鲜有报道。
本研究以2个品种Mabroom、Sillege椰枣幼苗为研究对象,采用4种微藻肥M1、M2、M3、M4处理,探讨不同微藻肥对椰枣品种幼苗生长生理指标的影响。MDA是膜脂过氧化最重要的产物之一,能反映植物膜脂过氧化的程度,MDA可以与蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子结合,形成稳定的复合物,从而保护这些分子免受氧化损伤,此外,MDA还可以促进谷胱甘肽的合成,进一步增强细胞的抗氧化能力,可通过MDA了解膜脂过氧化的程度,以间接测定膜系统受损程度以及植物的抗逆性[28]。在对Mabroom幼苗的结果分析中可知,M2在对Mabroom幼苗的施用中,MDA含量迅速积累升高,直到21 d才降低,显然在早期的胁迫过程中发酵微藻对Mabroom幼苗造成了一定的伤害,叶片的生长也受到影响,发酵微藻肥在施肥至椰枣种植器皿中,在高温高湿环境下仍旧继续发酵繁殖,分泌碱性胞外物质来碱化周围环境,造成土壤的pH升高[29],而Mabroom品种幼苗的耐受碱性胁迫的能力不强,所以在M2中容易受到损伤;M3和M4在培养微藻的过程中,微藻可合成相关活性物质产生初级代谢产物,此种生物活性物质被幼苗根系吸收,促进了椰枣叶片的伸长生长,降低了CAT和POD活性。由此可见Mabroom幼苗更适合施用微藻的次生代谢产物作为肥料。
在对Sillege幼苗的结果分析中可知,M1藻类可富集水体中的氮磷等营养物质,增加自身生物质产量,继而作为生物肥料,M1在对Sillege椰枣幼苗施用时,丰富的氮磷含量,促进了椰枣幼苗的叶片的伸长生长育,提高了幼苗内的GR活性,CAT和POD活性降低,CAT作为酶类清除剂,是以铁卟啉为辅基的结合酶,它可促使H2O2分解为分子氧和水,清除体内的过氧化氢,从而使细胞免于遭受H2O2的毒害,是生物防御体系的关键酶之一。POD是一种氧化还原性酶,将光合作用的副产物乙醇酸氧化为乙醛酸和过氧化氢。细胞出现高浓度氧状态时,也会通过过氧化物酶体的强氧化作用而得以有效调节,以避免细胞遭受高浓度氧的损害。谷胱甘肽还原酶在氧化胁迫反应中对活性氧清除起关键作用,可以维持细胞内充足的GSH水平。M2是微藻经过高温密封发酵,微藻中的多糖在高温密封发酵过程中可能会被微生物分解,转化为单糖或其他低分子量的糖类,微藻的蛋白质会发生水解,生成氨基酸、多肽等更小分子量的物质,此类物质有利于植物根系对营养的吸收[30],促进幼苗的生长,增强了细胞膜的相对透性,减轻了土壤基质中不利因素对幼苗的胁迫,Sillege品种椰枣幼苗耐受盐碱胁迫能力更强,更容易在高pH环境下生长。由此可见,Sillege椰枣幼苗更适合新鲜微藻和发酵后的微藻。
综上所述,不同微藻类型适应的椰枣品种幼苗种类有所不同,Mabroom幼苗耐受碱性土壤能力有限,更适合富含生物活性物质的微藻代谢产物作为肥料,而Sillege椰枣幼苗耐受盐碱土壤能力强,更适合富含小分子单糖或者小分子氨基酸的微藻原液或者发酵液作为肥料。此研究目前只做了椰枣幼苗生长阶段所需肥料的微藻种类,关于椰枣生殖生长阶段所需的种类还需进一步深入研究。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(323QN271)
  • 云南省重大科技专项计划(202202AE090104)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630152024003)
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2024年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.008
  • 接收时间:2024-05-23
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-23
  • 修回日期:2024-07-08
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(323QN271)
云南省重大科技专项计划(202202AE090104)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630152024003)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所/国家热带棕榈种质资源圃,海南文昌 571300
    2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000
    3.微资源(上海)生物技术有限公司,上海 201203

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* 程双红(CHENG Shuanghong),E-mail:
符海泉(FU Haiquan),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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