Article(id=1276204183455920998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1720454400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-09, revisedDate=1722441600000, revisedDateStr=2024-08-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782200388062, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1735056000000, pubDateStr=2024-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782200388062, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782200388062, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782200388062, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276204178091413862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='12', pageStart='2487', pageEnd='2737', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1735056000000', pubDateStr='2024-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782200386783, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782200456354, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276204470308565243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276204178091413862, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2555, endPage=2562, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276204185968309096, articleId=1276204183455920998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effect of Interspecific Inarching on the Growth of Grafted Seedlings of Robusta Coffee, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Using the robusta coffee Reyan 1 as the scion and liberica coffee Chali 5 as the rootstock, grafting was carried out using the inarching method to investigate the effect of interspecies grafting on the growth of coffee grafted seedlings. Two sets of inarching methods were set up (cutting off the top of the rootstock first and then grafting, and grafting first and then cut off the top of the rootstock after surviving), and then transplanted into three types of soil (clay, loam, and sandy soil) and four different coffee continuous cropping years (0, 5, 10, 20 a) soil, and the robusta coffee self grafted seedlings were used as CK to study the effect of interspecific inarching on the survival rate, growth index, chlorophyll content, and growth and degradation of grafted seedlings in the different soil types and in the different coffee continuous cropping years soil. Results showed that grafting at the same stage of scion, the survival rate of F2 treatment (grafted seedlings with preserved aboveground parts of the rootstock) was significantly higher than that of F1 treatment (grafted seedlings without preserved aboveground parts of the rootstock). Using the same method, grafting at the “Butterfly” stage of the scion, the survival rate of grafting seeding was significantly reduced compared to grafting at the “soldier” stage. Different grafting methods could significantly affect the survival rate of coffee grafted seedlings, and the younger age of the scion seedlings was beneficial for improving the survival rate of grafted seedlings. The treatment of F1 increased the root system, root to shoot ratio, and promoted the increase of aboveground biomass, resulting in faster plant growth. In the early stage of F2 treatment, the biomass of the aboveground part was high, which promoted the growth of the underground part. Cutting off the top of the rootstock after surviving relatively reduced the biomass of the aboveground part, inhibited the growth of the root system, which reduced the biomass of the root system. Different soil types had a significant impact on the growth of the root system of grafted seedlings. In clay, the root system of robusta coffee seedlings was more developed than that of liberica coffee seedlings, while in sandy soil, the root system of liberica coffee seedlings was more developed than that of robusta coffee seedlings. As the grafted seedlings grew, if the root system of robusta coffee seeds was not cut off in time after grafting and surviving, the root system of liberica coffee seedings would slowly deteriorate with growth. In soils with different coffee continuous cropping years, the survival rate of interspecific inarching seedlings was 100%, significantly improving the survival rate, effectively alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, improving survival rate, and restoring aboveground growth. On the 2–3 days after grafting, the parenchyma cell in the cortex began to coalescent. On the 4th day, callus tissue could be seen between the rootstock and scion. On the 6–8 days, 2/3 of the stem segments between the rootstock and scion had already healed, and healing was evident on the 8–10 days. Using liberica coffee as rootstocks and robusta coffee as scions, the method of cutting off the top of liberica coffee seeding first and then inarching during the “soldier stage” of the scion can obtain vigorous interspecific grafting seedlings, which can effectively alleviate soil continuous cropping obstacles and improve coffee growth.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xingjun LIN, Ailing LI, Chang LIU, Yuzhou LONG, Ang ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ang ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276204196391154546, articleId=1276204183455920998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=种间靠接对中粒种咖啡嫁接苗生长的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究种间靠接方式对咖啡嫁接苗生长的影响,以中粒种咖啡热研1号为接穗、大粒种查理5号为砧木,采用靠接法进行嫁接。设置2组靠接方式(先剪砧木顶端再靠接、先靠接成活后再剪砧木顶端),分别移入3种土质(黏土、壤土、沙土)和4种不同咖啡连作年限(0、5、10、20 a)土壤中,以中粒种自接苗作为CK,研究种间靠接对嫁接苗成活率、嫁接苗植株长势指标、叶绿素含量和嫁接苗在不同土质中生长、退化以及不同连作年限土壤生长的影响。结果表明:在接穗相同阶段嫁接,保留砧木地上部分的靠接处理嫁接苗成活率显著高于未保留地上部分的靠接处理的成活率。采用相同的靠接方式,在接穗“蝴蝶叶期”嫁接,嫁接苗成活率比“士兵期”嫁接显著降低。不同嫁接方法能够显著影响咖啡嫁接苗成活率,且接穗苗龄较小有利于提高嫁接苗成活率。不保留砧木顶端的靠接处理相对增大了根系,增大根冠比,促进地上部分生物量增大,植株生长较快。保留砧木顶端的靠接处理前期地上部分生物量大,促进地下部分的生长。芽接成活后剪掉大粒种顶端,相对降低了地上部分生物量,使根系生长受到抑制,降低根系生物量。不同土质对嫁接苗根系的生长产生显著影响,在黏土中,中粒种根系比大粒种根系发达,在沙土中,大粒种根系比中粒种根系发达。随着靠接苗的生长,嫁接成活后不及时剪除中粒种根系,大粒种根系会随着生长缓慢退化。在不同种植年限土壤中,种间嫁接苗成活率均为100%,可以有效缓解连作障碍,显著提高成活率,恢复地上部分生长。靠接后2~3 d开始出现愈合的皮层薄壁细胞,4 d时可见砧木与接穗之间有愈伤组织形成,6~8 d时砧木与接穗间2/3的茎段已经愈合,8~10 d中愈合明显。因此,以大粒种为砧木、中粒种为接穗,在接穗“士兵期”采用先剪掉大粒种顶端再靠接的方法可获得生长旺盛的种间嫁接苗,可有效缓解土壤连作障碍,提高咖啡长势。

, authors=

林兴军(1981—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:咖啡栽培技术。

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* 张昂(ZHANG Ang),E-mail:
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林兴军(1981—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:咖啡栽培技术。

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林兴军(1981—),男,博士,副研究员,研究方向:咖啡栽培技术。

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Effect of water stress on development and H2O and CO2 exchange in leaves of tomato grafted with different drought resistant rootstocks[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(2): 391-398. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of water stress on development and H2O and CO2 exchange in leaves of tomato grafted with different drought resistant rootstocks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204248987726798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=68, issue=3, pageStart=283, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=24, authorNames=COLLA G, ROUPHAEL Y, CARDARELLI M, SALERNOC A, REAC E, journalName=Environmental and Experimental Botany, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COLLA G, ROUPHAEL Y, CARDARELLI M, SALERNOC A, REAC E. The effectiveness of grafting to improve alkalinity tolerance in watermelon[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2010, 68(3): 283-291., articleTitle=The effectiveness of grafting to improve alkalinity tolerance in watermelon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204249268745167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=14, issue=5, pageStart=966, pageEnd=976, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=SELCUK O, RIZA K, NEBAHAT S, MUSTAFA U, journalName=Journal of Integrative Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SELCUK O, RIZA K, NEBAHAT S, MUSTAFA U. The effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption, yield, and quality in drip irrigated grafted and un-grafted watermelon[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015, 14(5): 966-976., articleTitle=The effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen consumption, yield, and quality in drip irrigated grafted and un-grafted watermelon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204249700758480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=28, issue=7, pageStart=1110, pageEnd=1118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=孟佳丽, 吴绍军, 余翔, 王夏雯, journalName=西北农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟佳丽, 吴绍军, 余翔, 王夏雯. 不同类型砧木对西瓜连作障碍消减的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2019, 28(7): 1110-1118., articleTitle=不同类型砧木对西瓜连作障碍消减的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204250078245841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=28, issue=7, pageStart=1110, pageEnd=1118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=MENG J L, WU S J, YU X, WANG X W, journalName=Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG J L, WU S J, YU X, WANG X W. Effects of different types of rootstocks on the reduction of continuous cropping of watermelon[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2019, 28(7): 1110-1118. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of different types of rootstocks on the reduction of continuous cropping of watermelon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204250485093330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=1, pageStart=6116, pageEnd=6126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=ZHAO Q Y, XIONG W, XING Y Z, SUN Y, LIN X J, DONG Y P, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Q Y, XIONG W, XING Y Z, SUN Y, LIN X J, DONG Y P. Long-term coffee monoculture alters soil chemical properties and microbial communities[J]. Scientific Reports, 2018, 8(1): 6116-6126., articleTitle=Long-term coffee monoculture alters soil chemical properties and microbial communities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204250946466771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=2, pageStart=323, pageEnd=329, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=孙燕, 张昂, 赵青云, 董云萍, 龙宇宙, 林兴军, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙燕, 张昂, 赵青云, 董云萍, 龙宇宙, 林兴军. 异源双根缓解咖啡连作障碍及其机制初探[J]. 热带作物学报, 2024, 45(2): 323-329., articleTitle=异源双根缓解咖啡连作障碍及其机制初探, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204251357508564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=2, pageStart=323, pageEnd=329, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=SUN Y, ZHANG A, ZHAO Q Y, DONG Y P, LONG Y Z, LIN X J, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Y, ZHANG A, ZHAO Q Y, DONG Y P, LONG Y Z, LIN X J. Heterologous double-root alleviated coffee continuous cropping obstacle and the mechanism[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024, 45(2): 323-329. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Heterologous double-root alleviated coffee continuous cropping obstacle and the mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204251797910485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=24, pageStart=14, pageEnd=16, 44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=邹薛, 徐艳, 郑炳松, 闫道良, journalName=安徽农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邹薛, 徐艳, 郑炳松, 闫道良. 植物嫁接融合过程中砧木对接穗的影响研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2022, 50(24): 14-16, 44., articleTitle=植物嫁接融合过程中砧木对接穗的影响研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276204252263478230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=24, pageStart=14, pageEnd=16, 44, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=ZOU X, XU Y, ZHENG B S, YAN D L, journalName=Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZOU X, XU Y, ZHENG B S, YAN D L. Research progress on the effect of rootstock on scion during plant grafring and fusion[J]. Journal of Anhui Agriculture Science, 2022, 50(24): 14-16, 44. 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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=wLW3a6bX3ZhoKsdiBUms8w==, figureFileBig=f1PPyMo6DsAjRxIyjKPyMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204227051516839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Root system growth of grafted seedlings at different times in loam soil, figureFileSmall=h41dqYEaaWlFi5J3lXhJ4w==, figureFileBig=PCaCqU5bP0v2ZBIZZJTf9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204227504501672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=CN, label=图2, caption=壤土中不同时间嫁接苗根系生长情况, figureFileSmall=h41dqYEaaWlFi5J3lXhJ4w==, figureFileBig=PCaCqU5bP0v2ZBIZZJTf9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204229110920105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Root system structure of grafted seedlings at different times in loam soil, figureFileSmall=yQB66ecbLRiFxqF59j16RA==, figureFileBig=TN0hH+bDc7OofmKe30FXbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204229526156202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=CN, label=图3, caption=壤土中不同时间嫁接苗根系结构, figureFileSmall=yQB66ecbLRiFxqF59j16RA==, figureFileBig=TN0hH+bDc7OofmKe30FXbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204229953975211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Healing process of grafted seedlings, figureFileSmall=z6xA4YrRELs+TJtAqHXC4w==, figureFileBig=b1nLhWc2BkpDXdkIjNv3uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204230381794220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=CN, label=图4, caption=嫁接苗愈合过程

St:砧木;Sc:砧穗;Ca:形成层;Cus:愈伤组织;Xy:木质部;Ph:韧皮部。

, figureFileSmall=z6xA4YrRELs+TJtAqHXC4w==, figureFileBig=b1nLhWc2BkpDXdkIjNv3uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276204230788641709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Effects of different approach grafting methods on growth of grafted seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment茎粗Stem diameter/mm株高Stem height/cm叶片数Number of leaves干重Dry weight/g
根Root叶Leaves茎Stem
CK04.25±0.27c22.75±1.24b11.76±0.38b1.51±0.26c3.27±0.11a2.25±0.23c
F15.96±0.44b26.47±2.16a12.64±0.24b4.17±0.42a3.35±0.17a3.13±0.18b
F26.21±0.48a26.63±2.55a15.84±0.16a3.21±0.31b3.49±0.21a3.64±0.15a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204231279375278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同靠接方法对嫁接籽苗生长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment茎粗Stem diameter/mm株高Stem height/cm叶片数Number of leaves干重Dry weight/g
根Root叶Leaves茎Stem
CK04.25±0.27c22.75±1.24b11.76±0.38b1.51±0.26c3.27±0.11a2.25±0.23c
F15.96±0.44b26.47±2.16a12.64±0.24b4.17±0.42a3.35±0.17a3.13±0.18b
F26.21±0.48a26.63±2.55a15.84±0.16a3.21±0.31b3.49±0.21a3.64±0.15a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204232042738607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of different approach grafting methods on root system of grafted seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment总根长Total root length/m总表面积Total surface area/dm2平均直径Average diameter/mm单位土壤体积的总根长Total root length per unit soil volume/(m·m-3)根系总体积Total volume of root system/cm3根尖数Number of Root tip/(×103)分叉数Number of root branching/(×103)
CK049.67±1.23c6.82±0.26c3.40±0.82c49.68±0.23c7.59±0.60c17.27±0.43c20.17±1.73c
F1162.98±10.04a21.52±3.48a9.61±1.35a162.98±10.04a23.69±2.68a104.64±3.84a80.94±1.66a
F284.57±2.84b10.98±3.18b6.30±1.88b84.57±8.47b11.71±2.85b20.83±0.59b26.38±2.34b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204232483140528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同靠接方法对嫁接籽苗根系的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment总根长Total root length/m总表面积Total surface area/dm2平均直径Average diameter/mm单位土壤体积的总根长Total root length per unit soil volume/(m·m-3)根系总体积Total volume of root system/cm3根尖数Number of Root tip/(×103)分叉数Number of root branching/(×103)
CK049.67±1.23c6.82±0.26c3.40±0.82c49.68±0.23c7.59±0.60c17.27±0.43c20.17±1.73c
F1162.98±10.04a21.52±3.48a9.61±1.35a162.98±10.04a23.69±2.68a104.64±3.84a80.94±1.66a
F284.57±2.84b10.98±3.18b6.30±1.88b84.57±8.47b11.71±2.85b20.83±0.59b26.38±2.34b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204232894182321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of different soil types on growth of grafted sseedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment根长Root length/cm株高Stem height/cm干重Dry weight/g茎粗Stem diameter/mm根粗Diameter of taproot/mm
根Root叶Leaves茎Stem大粒种Liberian coffee中粒种Robusta coffee
S124.43±1.81c18.23±0.25c0.52±0.04b1.18±0.18c0.50±0.03c4.47±0.47c2.33±0.35c3.23±0.25a
S227.57±0.57b19.07±0.32b0.56±0.03b1.49±0.06b0.62±0.04b5.33±0.32b3.23±0.25b3.17±0.29a
S328.27±0.35a23.20±1.11a1.07±0.10a1.92±0.07a1.08±0.15a5.87±0.21a4.20±0.26a3.20±0.10a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204233313612722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同土质对嫁接苗生长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment根长Root length/cm株高Stem height/cm干重Dry weight/g茎粗Stem diameter/mm根粗Diameter of taproot/mm
根Root叶Leaves茎Stem大粒种Liberian coffee中粒种Robusta coffee
S124.43±1.81c18.23±0.25c0.52±0.04b1.18±0.18c0.50±0.03c4.47±0.47c2.33±0.35c3.23±0.25a
S227.57±0.57b19.07±0.32b0.56±0.03b1.49±0.06b0.62±0.04b5.33±0.32b3.23±0.25b3.17±0.29a
S328.27±0.35a23.20±1.11a1.07±0.10a1.92±0.07a1.08±0.15a5.87±0.21a4.20±0.26a3.20±0.10a
), ArticleFig(id=1276204233745626035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Effects of soil with different planting years on growth of grafted seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土壤种植年限Soil continuous cropping years/a指标Indexes嫁接苗Grafted seedlings/d中粒种Robusta coffee(CK1)/d
306090306090
0成活率/%100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a
叶绿素相对含量44.2±0.20a34.6±0.52a23.7±0.24a40.5±0.36b26.7±0.25b25.6±0.42a
叶片数6.6±0.28a10.0±0.37a12.0±0.42a4.6±0.24b8.0±0.31b9.4±0.42b
茎粗/mm1.9±0.06a2.2±0.12a2.3±0.15a1.0±0.08b1.3±0.09b1.7±0.14b
5成活率/%100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a80.0±10.0b63.0±5.70b66.0±5.70b
叶绿素相对含量40.5±0.32b39.0±0.47a26.1±0.26b47.7±0.63a40.9±0.49a35.6±0.37a
叶片数7.6±0.25a8.0±0.36a11.2±0.41a5.0±0.21b6.0±0.32b8.4±0.38b
茎粗/mm1.3±0.08a1.8±0.11a2.1±0.25a0.9±0.05b1.2±0.27b1.6±0.33b
10成活率/%100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a76.7±5.77b63.0±5.70b53.3±5.70b
叶绿素相对含量41.8±0.37b44.5±0.45a40.0±0.32a44.9±0.53a41.2±0.63b36.5±0.47b
叶片数6.0±0.36a9.6±0.42a12.6±0.28a2.6±0.04b9.9±0.13b8.6±0.27b
茎粗/mm1.2±0.08a2.2±0.14a2.4±0.26a1.0±0.07b1.4±0.21b1.9±0.34b
20成活率/%100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a66.0±5.70b63.0±5.70b60.0±0.00b
叶绿素相对含量40.1±0.33a37.3±0.28a34.0±0.37a38.0±0.56b35.0±0.39b31.9±0.48b
叶片数6.0±0.23a9.0±0.17a11.6±0.48a4.0±0.36b4.0±0.47b8.0±0.38b
茎粗/mm1.2±0.12a2.1±0.24a2.2±0.15a0.9±0.05b1.2±0.18b1.4±0.26b
), ArticleFig(id=1276204234139890612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276204183455920998, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同种植年限土壤对嫁接苗生长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土壤种植年限Soil continuous cropping years/a指标Indexes嫁接苗Grafted seedlings/d中粒种Robusta coffee(CK1)/d
306090306090
0成活率/%100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a
叶绿素相对含量44.2±0.20a34.6±0.52a23.7±0.24a40.5±0.36b26.7±0.25b25.6±0.42a
叶片数6.6±0.28a10.0±0.37a12.0±0.42a4.6±0.24b8.0±0.31b9.4±0.42b
茎粗/mm1.9±0.06a2.2±0.12a2.3±0.15a1.0±0.08b1.3±0.09b1.7±0.14b
5成活率/%100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a80.0±10.0b63.0±5.70b66.0±5.70b
叶绿素相对含量40.5±0.32b39.0±0.47a26.1±0.26b47.7±0.63a40.9±0.49a35.6±0.37a
叶片数7.6±0.25a8.0±0.36a11.2±0.41a5.0±0.21b6.0±0.32b8.4±0.38b
茎粗/mm1.3±0.08a1.8±0.11a2.1±0.25a0.9±0.05b1.2±0.27b1.6±0.33b
10成活率/%100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a76.7±5.77b63.0±5.70b53.3±5.70b
叶绿素相对含量41.8±0.37b44.5±0.45a40.0±0.32a44.9±0.53a41.2±0.63b36.5±0.47b
叶片数6.0±0.36a9.6±0.42a12.6±0.28a2.6±0.04b9.9±0.13b8.6±0.27b
茎粗/mm1.2±0.08a2.2±0.14a2.4±0.26a1.0±0.07b1.4±0.21b1.9±0.34b
20成活率/%100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a100.0±0.00a66.0±5.70b63.0±5.70b60.0±0.00b
叶绿素相对含量40.1±0.33a37.3±0.28a34.0±0.37a38.0±0.56b35.0±0.39b31.9±0.48b
叶片数6.0±0.23a9.0±0.17a11.6±0.48a4.0±0.36b4.0±0.47b8.0±0.38b
茎粗/mm1.2±0.12a2.1±0.24a2.2±0.15a0.9±0.05b1.2±0.18b1.4±0.26b
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种间靠接对中粒种咖啡嫁接苗生长的影响
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林兴军 1 , 李爱玲 2 , 刘畅 3 , 龙宇宙 1 , 张昂 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(12): 2555-2562
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (12) : 2555 -2562
种间靠接对中粒种咖啡嫁接苗生长的影响
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林兴军1, 李爱玲2, 刘畅3, 龙宇宙1, 张昂1, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
  • 2.海南兴科热带作物工程技术有限公司,海南万宁 571533
  • 3.海南畅佳农旅科技有限公司,海南陵水 572400
通讯作者:
* 张昂(ZHANG Ang),E-mail:
Effect of Interspecific Inarching on the Growth of Grafted Seedlings of Robusta Coffee
Xingjun LIN1, Ailing LI2, Chang LIU3, Yuzhou LONG1, Ang ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Hainan Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops / Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 2.Hainan Xingke Tropical Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 3.Hainan Changjia Agricultural Tourism Technology Co., Ltd., Lingshui, Hainan 572400, China
出版时间: 2024-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.007
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为研究种间靠接方式对咖啡嫁接苗生长的影响,以中粒种咖啡热研1号为接穗、大粒种查理5号为砧木,采用靠接法进行嫁接。设置2组靠接方式(先剪砧木顶端再靠接、先靠接成活后再剪砧木顶端),分别移入3种土质(黏土、壤土、沙土)和4种不同咖啡连作年限(0、5、10、20 a)土壤中,以中粒种自接苗作为CK,研究种间靠接对嫁接苗成活率、嫁接苗植株长势指标、叶绿素含量和嫁接苗在不同土质中生长、退化以及不同连作年限土壤生长的影响。结果表明:在接穗相同阶段嫁接,保留砧木地上部分的靠接处理嫁接苗成活率显著高于未保留地上部分的靠接处理的成活率。采用相同的靠接方式,在接穗“蝴蝶叶期”嫁接,嫁接苗成活率比“士兵期”嫁接显著降低。不同嫁接方法能够显著影响咖啡嫁接苗成活率,且接穗苗龄较小有利于提高嫁接苗成活率。不保留砧木顶端的靠接处理相对增大了根系,增大根冠比,促进地上部分生物量增大,植株生长较快。保留砧木顶端的靠接处理前期地上部分生物量大,促进地下部分的生长。芽接成活后剪掉大粒种顶端,相对降低了地上部分生物量,使根系生长受到抑制,降低根系生物量。不同土质对嫁接苗根系的生长产生显著影响,在黏土中,中粒种根系比大粒种根系发达,在沙土中,大粒种根系比中粒种根系发达。随着靠接苗的生长,嫁接成活后不及时剪除中粒种根系,大粒种根系会随着生长缓慢退化。在不同种植年限土壤中,种间嫁接苗成活率均为100%,可以有效缓解连作障碍,显著提高成活率,恢复地上部分生长。靠接后2~3 d开始出现愈合的皮层薄壁细胞,4 d时可见砧木与接穗之间有愈伤组织形成,6~8 d时砧木与接穗间2/3的茎段已经愈合,8~10 d中愈合明显。因此,以大粒种为砧木、中粒种为接穗,在接穗“士兵期”采用先剪掉大粒种顶端再靠接的方法可获得生长旺盛的种间嫁接苗,可有效缓解土壤连作障碍,提高咖啡长势。

咖啡种间嫁接  /  靠接法  /  不同土质  /  连作障碍  /  解剖结构

Using the robusta coffee Reyan 1 as the scion and liberica coffee Chali 5 as the rootstock, grafting was carried out using the inarching method to investigate the effect of interspecies grafting on the growth of coffee grafted seedlings. Two sets of inarching methods were set up (cutting off the top of the rootstock first and then grafting, and grafting first and then cut off the top of the rootstock after surviving), and then transplanted into three types of soil (clay, loam, and sandy soil) and four different coffee continuous cropping years (0, 5, 10, 20 a) soil, and the robusta coffee self grafted seedlings were used as CK to study the effect of interspecific inarching on the survival rate, growth index, chlorophyll content, and growth and degradation of grafted seedlings in the different soil types and in the different coffee continuous cropping years soil. Results showed that grafting at the same stage of scion, the survival rate of F2 treatment (grafted seedlings with preserved aboveground parts of the rootstock) was significantly higher than that of F1 treatment (grafted seedlings without preserved aboveground parts of the rootstock). Using the same method, grafting at the “Butterfly” stage of the scion, the survival rate of grafting seeding was significantly reduced compared to grafting at the “soldier” stage. Different grafting methods could significantly affect the survival rate of coffee grafted seedlings, and the younger age of the scion seedlings was beneficial for improving the survival rate of grafted seedlings. The treatment of F1 increased the root system, root to shoot ratio, and promoted the increase of aboveground biomass, resulting in faster plant growth. In the early stage of F2 treatment, the biomass of the aboveground part was high, which promoted the growth of the underground part. Cutting off the top of the rootstock after surviving relatively reduced the biomass of the aboveground part, inhibited the growth of the root system, which reduced the biomass of the root system. Different soil types had a significant impact on the growth of the root system of grafted seedlings. In clay, the root system of robusta coffee seedlings was more developed than that of liberica coffee seedlings, while in sandy soil, the root system of liberica coffee seedlings was more developed than that of robusta coffee seedlings. As the grafted seedlings grew, if the root system of robusta coffee seeds was not cut off in time after grafting and surviving, the root system of liberica coffee seedings would slowly deteriorate with growth. In soils with different coffee continuous cropping years, the survival rate of interspecific inarching seedlings was 100%, significantly improving the survival rate, effectively alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, improving survival rate, and restoring aboveground growth. On the 2–3 days after grafting, the parenchyma cell in the cortex began to coalescent. On the 4th day, callus tissue could be seen between the rootstock and scion. On the 6–8 days, 2/3 of the stem segments between the rootstock and scion had already healed, and healing was evident on the 8–10 days. Using liberica coffee as rootstocks and robusta coffee as scions, the method of cutting off the top of liberica coffee seeding first and then inarching during the “soldier stage” of the scion can obtain vigorous interspecific grafting seedlings, which can effectively alleviate soil continuous cropping obstacles and improve coffee growth.

coffee interspecies grafting  /  inarching  /  different soil types  /  continuous cropping obstacle  /  anatomic structure
林兴军, 李爱玲, 刘畅, 龙宇宙, 张昂. 种间靠接对中粒种咖啡嫁接苗生长的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2555 -2562 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.007
Xingjun LIN, Ailing LI, Chang LIU, Yuzhou LONG, Ang ZHANG. Effect of Interspecific Inarching on the Growth of Grafted Seedlings of Robusta Coffee[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (12) : 2555 -2562 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.007
海南是我国咖啡规模化生产的起源地。中粒种咖啡园多年连作后,发生连作障碍,树势衰退,对咖啡产业造成了严重影响。为提高咖啡抗逆性,保证产量和品质,海南中粒种咖啡生产中常采用种间嫁接法进行咖啡园更新。但有关嫁接咖啡的研究主要是集中在传统的腹接嫁接方式上,对接穗粗度、砧木苗龄要求较高,种苗繁育效率较低,难以发挥种间嫁接苗的优势,研究合适的种间嫁接方式能够有效提高嫁接效率和嫁接苗质量。
中粒种咖啡为2倍体,由于属于异花授粉,所以其后代性状分离和变异严重,群体变异很大,难以保证咖啡品种的纯度。为克服这些问题,生产上常采用嫁接的办法。嫁接属无性繁殖中的营养繁殖,是果树种苗繁育常见方法[1]。通过嫁接可以促进植株水分和养分利用,提高植株抗逆性,增强植株的抗病害能力,克服咖啡的连作障碍[2],解决遗传育种的问题[3]。早前,在国内外已有种间嫁接相关研究的报道[4]。研究结果表明种间嫁接不仅能提高咖啡抗线虫能力,还能提高产量和品质[5]。嫁接栽培已成为克服连作障碍的有效途径之一。近年来,不断尝试以大粒种为砧木,研发种间嫁接技术[6-7],改善品质[8],利用种间嫁接优势改善连作障碍取得了一定的进展[9]。1984年用电镜详细地观察了嫁接结合部位细胞的变化过程后,Moore将其划分为5个阶段[10]。双根嫁接可以提高黄瓜的生长速率,但使得黄瓜果实品质降低,而双断根嫁接不仅可以提高黄瓜的生长速率,增强植株的生长势,而且可以改善黄瓜果实的风味及营养品质[8,11]
靠接法在咖啡方面缺乏相关研究支撑,难以发挥嫁接苗的优势。为提高种间嫁接苗长势,缓解土壤连作障碍,本试验以中粒种和大粒种种间嫁接苗为研究对象,使用不同靠接方法对种间嫁接苗的成活率、植株长势、叶绿素含量、不同土质根系性状、不同土壤连作植株长势及嫁接愈合过程的解剖结构进行研究,探索适宜中粒种和大粒种咖啡种间靠接方式,以期提高嫁接苗质量,提高老咖啡园咖啡长势,恢复咖啡生产,为大粒种咖啡砧木选育和促进种间嫁接栽培在咖啡上的推广和应用提供理论参考。
试验于2021年2月至2024年1月在中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所日光温室中进行。咖啡接穗选用中粒种咖啡热研1号,咖啡砧木选用大粒种咖啡查理5号。
选取饱满、无病虫害热研1号的咖啡种子和查理5号播种。试验分别在“士兵期”(子叶未展开似士兵带着头盔)、“蝴蝶叶期”(子叶已展开似蝴蝶)进行嫁接,接穗和砧木分别用t、T表示。嫁接时,将健壮的籽苗完整地从沙床中拔出,用清水冲洗根部的土杂物,籽苗临时存放于盛有少量清水的浅容器中,使苗木斜靠容器一侧,让苗木根部浸于清水中。按照2种方法进行嫁接。(1)F1:将查理5号咖啡籽苗顶部剪除,在籽苗茎干基部纵向用芽接刀开长约3~4 cm的切口;在热研1号咖啡籽苗基部纵向用嫁接刀开与查理种相同长度的切口;然后将2个籽苗靠接在一起,使籽苗形成层对齐,并用嫁接绑带绑缚好。(2)F2:分别将查理5号、热研1号籽苗茎干基部纵向用芽接刀开长约3~4 cm的切口,然后将2个籽苗靠接在一起,使籽苗形成层对齐,并绑缚,嫁接成活后,将大粒种顶端剪除。对照为采用相同时期中粒种咖啡种子苗(CK0)、中粒种咖啡自接苗(CK1)。嫁接好的籽苗移入沙床培养。在沙床培育1个月后,选取长势一致的嫁接苗F1,移栽至分别装有黏土(S1)、壤土(S2)、沙土(S3)的营养袋中。在沙床培育3个月后,选取长势一致的嫁接苗F1,剪除中粒种根系,CK1剪除一个根系后,分别移栽入装有不同咖啡种植年限土壤(0、5、10、20 a)的营养袋中。营养袋规格18 cm×25 cm,营养袋中土体积配比为表土∶有机肥=90%∶10%。每个处理3个重复。
(1)嫁接苗成活率测定。分别在嫁接30 d后,移入不同年限土壤后30、60、90 d,每个重复取50株,统计各重复嫁接成活率。嫁接成活率=(成活株数/嫁接总株数)×100%。
(2)嫁接苗植株长势指标测定。分别在嫁接90 d后,移入不同土质1、2、3 a后,每重复随机取10株嫁接苗样品,清洗植株,使用直尺和游标卡尺测量嫁接苗的株高和茎粗,放入烘箱105 ℃杀青30 min,80 ℃烘干至恒重,称取嫁接苗各部分干重,用根系扫描仪分析嫁接苗根系生长指标总根长、总表面积、平均直径、单位土壤体积的总根长、根系总体积、根尖数、分叉数。
(3)叶绿素含量测定。分别在移入不同年限土壤后30、60、90 d,用SPAD仪测定每株第一对完全展开叶片叶绿素值,每片叶片测量3次,取其平均值。
(4)愈伤部位结构观察。分别在嫁接1~12 d时取嫁接苗靠接部位修剪放到样品托上,加入樱花OCT包埋剂进行包埋固定,设置切片厚度为60 μm,修片、冷冻切片(冷冻切片机型号为Thermo Shandon),放置。在4×显微镜(型号为Olympus CX23)下观察组织细胞结构拍照,观察靠接部位的差异。
采用Excel 2019软件进行数据处理和作图,使用SPSS 23.0软件进行方差分析,利用Duncan's检验法进行差异显著性分析。
图1可以看出,在t1、T1阶段,靠接方法F2成活率最高,为89.33%;在t1、T2阶段,F2成活率最高,为93.33%,显著高于F1P<0.05);在t2、T2阶段,F2成活率最高,为80.67%,显著高于靠接方法F1P<0.05)。说明在接穗相同阶段嫁接,F2显著提高嫁接成活率。在F1下,t1T2处理成活率最高,为85.33%,显著高于t2T2处理(P<0.05),与t1T1处理差异不显著;在F2下,t1T2处理成活率最高,为93.33%,显著高于t2T2处理(P<0.05),与t1T1处理差异不显著。说明在相同的嫁接方式下,t1时期嫁接成活率显著高于t2时期。由此可见,不同嫁接方法能够显著影响咖啡嫁接苗成活率,且接穗苗龄较小有利于提高靠接嫁接苗成活率。
表1可知,F2处理的茎粗最高为6.21 mm,比CK0处理粗46%,比F1处理粗4.1%,显著高于F1、CK0处理;F2处理的株高最高为26.63 cm,显著高于CK0处理,与F1处理差异不显著;F2处理的叶片数最高为15.84,显著高于F1、CK0处理;F1处理的根干重最高为4.17 g,显著高于F2、CK0处理;F2处理的茎干重最高为3.64 g,显著高于F1、CK0处理;叶干重处理间差异不显著;由此可见,靠接方式F2可以显著提高地上部分生物量,不同靠接方法对嫁接籽苗生长产生显著影响。
表2可知,处理根系各个指标(包括总根长、总表面积、平均直径、单位土壤体积的总根长、体系总体积、根尖数、分叉数)F1>F2>CK0,差异显著,变化趋势与地上部分相反。由此可见,F1显著提高了根系生物量,这表明不同靠接处理对嫁接幼苗根系产生显著影响。
表3可以看出,嫁接2 a后,靠接苗在沙土中根系非常发达,根长、株高、根干重、叶干重、茎干重、茎粗、大粒种咖啡根粗均为:沙土>壤土>黏土,差异显著(P<0.05)。中粒种咖啡根粗均为:黏土>沙土>壤土,差异不显著。在黏土中,根粗表现为大粒种<中粒种;在壤土中,根粗表现为大粒种>中粒种;在沙土中,根粗表现为大粒种>中粒种,说明不同土壤对嫁接苗根系生长产生显著影响,沙土促进大粒种咖啡根系生长,黏土抑制大粒种咖啡根系生长。
图2图3可以看出,靠接1 a,在壤土中,大粒种靠接苗根系比中粒种发达。随着靠接苗的生长发现,如果嫁接成活后不及时剪除中粒种根系,大粒种根系会随着生长慢慢退化。靠接3 a后,在壤土中,中粒种靠接苗主根粗度大于大粒种,相比靠接1 a的嫁接苗,大粒种根系在退化。
表4可以看出,在不同种植年限土壤中,自接苗在0 a年限土壤中成活率最高,为100%,最低为10 a年限土壤,为53.3%,说明随着种植年限增加,中粒种自接苗成活率降低。在5、10、20 a不同种植年限土壤中,成活率30 d>60 d>90 d,说明随着时间增加,自接苗成活率逐渐下降。相比中粒种自接苗,种间嫁接苗在不同年限土壤中成活率均为100%,显著高于中粒种自接苗,说明种间嫁接提高了连作土壤中咖啡成活率。叶片数以中粒种自接苗在0 a年限土壤生长90 d中最高,为9.4片,最低为20 a年限土壤,为8.0片,说明随着种植年限增加,中粒种自接苗叶片出生速率降低。相比中粒种自接苗,种间嫁接苗叶片数10 a年限土壤最高,为12.6片,0 a年限土壤为12.0片,说明连作土壤对种间嫁接无显著抑制作用。茎粗自接苗在10 a年限土壤中最粗,为1.9 cm,其次为0 a年限土壤,为1.7 cm,最低为20 a年限土壤,为1.4 cm,说明随着种植年限增加,中粒种自接苗茎粗先增加后降低。相比中粒种自接苗,种间嫁接苗茎粗10 a年限土壤最高,为2.4 cm,相比自接苗茎粗显著提高,说明种间嫁接提高了连作土壤咖啡茎粗。由此可见,连作土壤降低了咖啡成活率,叶片和茎生长速度减缓,采用种间嫁接后,可以有效缓解连作障碍,提高成活率,恢复地上部分生长。
图4可以看出,靠接后2~3 d开始出现愈合的皮层薄壁细胞,4 d时可见砧木与接穗之间新愈伤组织形成,6~8 d时砧木与接穗间2/3的茎段已经愈合,8~10 d中愈合明显。10 d以后完全愈合。从生长来看,砧木与接穗在外形上看似愈合,但实际结构中未完全愈合和相互适应,中间的营养物质流通并不顺畅。
自20世纪50年代,科学家们就开始了对嫁接机理的研究。虽然因作物种类、年龄、嫁接方法及时期等的不同,植物嫁接愈合也存在差异,但砧穗间的愈合过程却基本相同。影响咖啡种间嫁接成活的因素包括接穗和砧木所处阶段、木质化程度、光照和湿度环境条件等[12]。在接穗相同阶段嫁接,保留砧木地上部分的靠接处理嫁接苗成活率显著高于未保留地上部分的靠接处理的成活率,这可能是由于保留砧木地上部分可以保持砧木地上部分树液流动,保持根系吸水,减少砧木回枯,从而提高成活率。采用相同的嫁接方式,在接穗“蝴蝶叶期”嫁接,嫁接苗成活率比在“士兵期”嫁接显著降低,由此可见,不同嫁接方法能够显著影响咖啡嫁接苗成活率,且接穗苗龄较小有利于提高嫁接苗成活率。经田间观察,发现“蝴蝶叶期”嫁接主要是由于此时期接穗易感染立枯病,导致存活的砧木带立枯病菌,嫁接后感染嫁接口,造成嫁接成活率降低。
咖啡双根嫁接研究表明,中粒种双根苗和大粒种中粒种双根苗生长优势明显,以大粒种中粒种双根苗壮根壮苗效果最佳[12]。由于采用先剪掉大粒种顶端再靠接的方法,相对增大了根系,增大根冠比,从而促进地上部分生物量增大,植株生长较快。采用先靠接再剪掉顶端的方法,前期地上部分生物量大,从而促进地下部分的生长,芽接成活后剪掉大粒种顶端,相对降低了地上部分生物量,使根系生长受到抑制,降低根系生物量。
海南省气候湿热,适宜种植中粒种咖啡和大粒种咖啡。其中,中粒种是海南的主栽品种,然而由于其根系浅,吸收根多分布在0~30 cm土层,主根下扎不深,不耐旱、不耐涝、不抗风。大粒种咖啡主根深生,较耐旱抗风,吸收根广泛分布在表土层[12]。不同土质对嫁接苗根系的生长产生显著影响。土壤透气有利于大粒种根系生长,在黏土中,中粒种根系比大粒种根系发达;在沙土中,大粒种根系比中粒种根系发达。嫁接苗根系非常发达,嫁接部位形成2个髓心,界限明显。
本研究发现,虽然通过靠接方式获得嫁接苗具有2个根系,但随着靠接苗的生长,如果嫁接成活后不及时剪除中粒种根系,大粒种根系仍然会随着生长慢慢退化。靠接3 a后,靠接苗在壤土中,中粒种主根粗度大于大粒种主根粗度,相比靠接1 a的嫁接苗根系,大粒种根系在退化。这可能是由于盆栽土层浅,大粒种主根发达,有限的空间限制了大粒种主根根系的发育。中粒种吸收根发达,随着时间增加,中粒种发育超过大粒种。
前人研究表明,嫁接换根是改善植株根系生长状况、恢复长势的有效措施[13-15]。连作障碍是世界性难题[16-17]。由于咖啡多年生生长特性,连作栽培后主栽品种中粒种咖啡表现出根系少、烂根、减产等明显的生长障碍,严重时甚至绝产、死亡[17]。大粒种砧木表现出抗连作障碍优势[18]。试验发现,在不同种植年限土壤中,中粒种自接苗在0 a年限土壤中成活率最高,叶片数为最多,相比中粒种自接苗,种间嫁接苗成活率均为100%,连作土壤降低了咖啡成活率,叶片和茎生长速度减缓,采用种间嫁接后,可以有效缓解连作障碍,显著提高成活率,恢复地上部分生长。
邹薛等[19]研究发现,嫁接后的砧木和接穗能形成完整的维管组织,植株体内的内源激素、遗传物质等发生变化,从而调节植物器官的发育,这些结果对嫁接研究有很大的参考价值。本研究在前人的研究基础上,采用冷冻切片法对靠接部分组织进行观察,靠接后2~3 d开始出现愈合的皮层薄壁细胞,4 d时可见砧木与接穗之间有愈伤组织形成,6~8 d时砧木与接穗间2/3的茎段已经愈合,8~10 d中愈合明显。从生长来看,砧木与接穗在外形上看似愈合,但实际结构中未完全愈合和相互适应,中间的营养物质流通并不顺畅。另外,靠接时人工没法控制每一株苗均在同一位置进行同一深度的操作,导致砧木的韧皮部和木质部与接穗的木质部和韧皮部不能直接结合,影响愈合。由此可见,操作时直接划到木质部的深度更容易与对方愈合。因此以大粒种为砧木、中粒种为接穗,在接穗“士兵期”采用先剪掉大粒种顶端再靠接的方法可获得生长旺盛的种间嫁接苗,可有效缓解土壤连作障碍,提高咖啡长势,该研究结果为海南咖啡种间嫁接苗繁育,提升嫁接种苗质量提供技术支持及理论依据。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC780)
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2024年第45卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.12.007
  • 接收时间:2024-07-09
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-09
  • 修回日期:2024-08-01
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC780)
作者信息
    1.海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
    2.海南兴科热带作物工程技术有限公司,海南万宁 571533
    3.海南畅佳农旅科技有限公司,海南陵水 572400

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* 张昂(ZHANG Ang),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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