Article(id=1276190739591721185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1671120000000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-16, revisedDate=1677427200000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197182792, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197182792, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197182792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197182792, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1084, endPage=1093, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190739860156643, articleId=1276190739591721185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effect of Composite Passivators on In-situ Cadmium-contaminated Soil and Cadmium Enrichment in Cabbage, columnId=1236318328365577171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Agricultural Ecology & Environmental Protection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effect of composite passivators on the in-situ Cd contaminated soil and its absorption and accumulation of Cd in cabbage were explored, which would provide a scientific basis for the treatment and restoration of medium and mild Cd contaminated farmland. Field experiments were carried out in Cd polluted farmland soil with five passivator combinations: red mud + lime + phosphate rock powder (T1), red mud + lime + biochar (T2), lime + humic acid + sepiolite (T3), sepiolite + biochar + red mud (T4), sepiolite + biochar + phosphate rock powder (T5), in order to study the effects of the five passivating agent combinations on the content of various forms of Cd, enzyme activity, microbial carbon (MBC), microbial nitrogen (MBN) and the absorption and accumulation of Cd in various parts of Chinese cabbage in the cultivated layered soil. The five compound passivating agents could improve soil pH and reduce the availability of Cd in the soil in different degrees. Soil pH in T3, T4 and T5 treatments was significantly higher than that in CK, and soil available Cd content in T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments was significantly lower than that in CK. In each form of Cd, in T5 treatment, the content of Cd in weak acid extraction state and reducible state was significantly higher than that in CK, while the content of Cd in residue state was significantly lower than that in CK. Compared with CK, T1, T3, T4 and T5 treatments significantly increased soil sucrase and acid phosphatase activities by 42.06%-152.46% and 15.95%-26.48%, respectively. Treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 significantly increased urease activity by 18.43%-35.19%, treatments T3 and T4 significantly increased catalase activity by 18.78%-19.01%, treatments T1, T2 and T3 significantly increased soil MBC content by 31.83%-53.19%. T2, T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased soil MBN content by 19.14%-59.89%. Different treatments had different effects on Cd absorption and accumulation in different parts of Chinese cabbage. Compared with CK, T4 and T5 treatments significantly reduced Cd content in roots, T1, T4 and T5 treatments significantly reduced Cd content in stems, and the five treatments significantly reduced Cd content in leaves, and the enrichment and transport capacity of Cd in leaves of Chinese cabbage was greater than that in stems and roots. In terms of comprehensive passivation effect, T4 and T5 treatments, namely sepiolite + biochar + red mud (3∶5∶3), sepiolite + biochar + phosphate powder (3∶5∶3), had better passivation effect in the field soil mildly polluted by Cd during in-situ passivation restoration, which could effectively reduce the absorption of heavy metal Cd in soil by plants.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jihong FENG, Ji HE, Chuanmei WU, Longgui LI, Gang ZU, Xue LUO, Lihong SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ji HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190742418682091, articleId=1276190739591721185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=复合钝化剂对原位镉污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜镉富集的影响, columnId=1236292523270918153, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=农业生态与环境保护, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探究复合钝化剂对原位镉(Cd)污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜吸收积累Cd的影响,为中轻度Cd污染农田土壤的治理修复提供科学依据。以赤泥+石灰+磷矿粉(T1)、赤泥+石灰+生物炭(T2)、石灰+腐殖酸+海泡石(T3)、海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(T4)、海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(T5)共5种复合钝化剂在原位Cd污染农田土壤中开展田间试验,研究5种复合钝化剂对耕作层土壤中各形态Cd含量、酶活性、微生物碳(MBC)、微生物氮(MBN)和白菜各部位吸收积累Cd的影响。结果表明:(1)5种复合钝化剂能不同程度提高土壤pH,降低耕作层土壤中Cd的有效性,T3、T4、T5处理的土壤pH显著高于CK,T2、T3、T4、T5处理的土壤有效态Cd含量显著低于CK,在Cd的各个形态中,T5处理的弱酸提取态Cd含量、可还原态Cd含量显著低于CK,而残渣态Cd含量显著高于CK;(2)T1、T3、T4、T5处理的土壤蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别比CK显著提高42.06%~152.46%、15.95%~26.48%,T1、T2、T3、T4处理的脲酶活性比CK显著提高18.43%~35.19%,T3、T4处理的过氧化氢酶活性比CK显著提高18.78%~19.01%,T1、T2、T3处理的土壤MBC含量比CK显著提高31.83%~53.19%,T2、T3、T4处理的土壤MBN含量比CK显著提高19.14%~59.89%;(3)不同处理对白菜各部位吸收积累Cd的影响有一定差异,与CK相比,T1、T4、T5处理显著降低根部、茎部的Cd含量,5种处理均显著降低叶部的Cd含量,且白菜叶部富集、转运Cd的能力大于茎部和根部。综合钝化效果,T4、T5处理即海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(3∶5∶3)、海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(3∶5∶3)在原位钝化修复中轻度Cd污染农田土壤中的钝化效果较好,可有效降低植物对土壤重金属Cd的吸收。

, authors=

冯继红(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤学。

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* 何季(HE Ji),E-mail:
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冯继红(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤学。

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冯继红(1997—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤学。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of cadmium stress on peanut seed quality and related response mechanisms, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277242149133480904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=46, issue=5, pageStart=129, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=47, authorNames=陈森, 张子谦, 李婧, 周艳文, 高小杰, 张权, journalName=江苏农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈森, 张子谦, 李婧, 周艳文, 高小杰, 张权. 土壤Cd污染下生物炭对白菜生长及植株Cd浓度的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2018, 46(5): 129-131., articleTitle=土壤Cd污染下生物炭对白菜生长及植株Cd浓度的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277242149192201161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=46, issue=5, pageStart=129, pageEnd=131, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=48, authorNames=CHEN S, ZHANG Z Q, LI J, ZHOU Y W, GAO X J, ZHANG Q, journalName=Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN S, ZHANG Z Q, LI J, ZHOU Y W, GAO X J, ZHANG Q. Effects of biochar on growth and plant Cd concentration of cabbage under soil Cd pollution[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 46(5): 129-131. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of biochar on growth and plant Cd concentration of cabbage under soil Cd pollution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277242149255115722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=71, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=49, authorNames=BEHERA S K, SHUKLA A K, journalName=Land Degradation & Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BEHERA S K, SHUKLA A K. Spatial distribution of surface soil acidity, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon content and exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium in some cropped acid soils of India[J]. 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Review: progress of soil enzymology[J]. Soil Science, 2016, 48(1): 12-21. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Review: progress of soil enzymology, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277242142397428629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, awardId=U1612442, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目——贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277242142468731798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, awardId=黔科合后补助[2020]3001, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合后补助[2020]3001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277242142535840663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, awardId=黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般133, language=CN, fundingSource=贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般133), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277242126882698063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242126891086672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, companyId=1277242126882698063, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277242126903669585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, companyId=1277242126882698063, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277242141126554499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of composite passivator on soil enzyme activity, figureFileSmall=KCS8rLmRoTgLXDww7pcz3A==, figureFileBig=ZjQPtUSxbN6M4xVQePhm1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242141185274756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=图1, caption=复合钝化剂对土壤酶活性的影响

不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=KCS8rLmRoTgLXDww7pcz3A==, figureFileBig=ZjQPtUSxbN6M4xVQePhm1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242141269160837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of composite passivator on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen content, figureFileSmall=thNYW17OmaOB+efDsjhv1w==, figureFileBig=fWr/78+t5L3rFeGqw6dLNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242141332075398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=图2, caption=复合钝化剂对土壤微生物碳、氮含量的影响

不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=thNYW17OmaOB+efDsjhv1w==, figureFileBig=fWr/78+t5L3rFeGqw6dLNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242141394989959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of composite passivator on Cd content in various parts of cabbage, figureFileSmall=2hoID1QkLBAiUBmPFMRn9g==, figureFileBig=M9UUTyiYg7lZ68ROiqHKnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242141453710216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=图3, caption=复合钝化剂对白菜各部位Cd含量的影响

不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=2hoID1QkLBAiUBmPFMRn9g==, figureFileBig=M9UUTyiYg7lZ68ROiqHKnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242141525013385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Composite passivators and their addition ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.复合钝化剂Composite passivator添加比例Proportions add ed
CK00
T1赤泥∶石灰∶磷矿粉1∶1∶1
T2赤泥∶石灰∶生物炭3∶3∶5
T3石灰∶腐殖酸∶海泡石1∶1∶1
T4海泡石∶生物炭∶赤泥3∶5∶3
T5海泡石∶生物炭∶磷矿粉3∶5∶3
), ArticleFig(id=1277242141583733642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

复合钝化剂及其添加比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.复合钝化剂Composite passivator添加比例Proportions add ed
CK00
T1赤泥∶石灰∶磷矿粉1∶1∶1
T2赤泥∶石灰∶生物炭3∶3∶5
T3石灰∶腐殖酸∶海泡石1∶1∶1
T4海泡石∶生物炭∶赤泥3∶5∶3
T5海泡石∶生物炭∶磷矿粉3∶5∶3
), ArticleFig(id=1277242141650842507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of composite passivator on pH, organic matter and effective Cd of soil contaminated by Cd

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH有机质Organic matter/(g·kg–1)有效态Cd含量Effective state Cd content/(mg·kg–1)
CK4.62±0.16c34.21±1.23ab0.273±0.002a
T14.75±0.36bc34.71±2.24a0.266±0.005a
T24.83±0.27abc33.27±2.11ab0.240±0.008b
T35.41±0.65ab35.42±1.98a0.240±0.005b
T45.43±0.42a33.84±1.06ab0.235±0.007b
T55.38±0.04ab31.69±0.93b0.229±0.022b
), ArticleFig(id=1277242141713757068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

复合钝化剂对Cd污染农田土壤pH、有机质、有效态Cd的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentpH有机质Organic matter/(g·kg–1)有效态Cd含量Effective state Cd content/(mg·kg–1)
CK4.62±0.16c34.21±1.23ab0.273±0.002a
T14.75±0.36bc34.71±2.24a0.266±0.005a
T24.83±0.27abc33.27±2.11ab0.240±0.008b
T35.41±0.65ab35.42±1.98a0.240±0.005b
T45.43±0.42a33.84±1.06ab0.235±0.007b
T55.38±0.04ab31.69±0.93b0.229±0.022b
), ArticleFig(id=1277242141780865933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effect of composite passivator on Cd content in different forms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment弱酸提取态Cd Weak acid extract Cd可还原态Cd Reducible state Cd可氧化态Cd Oxidizable state Cd残渣态Cd Residual state Cd
CK0.0645±0.0259a0.4049±0.0154a0.1233±0.0224a0.0069±0.0023b
T10.0529±0.0013ab0.3930±0.0345ab0.1678±0.0259a0.0086±0.0023ab
T20.0590±0.0075ab0.3433±0.1134ab0.1470±0.0634a0.0085±0.0028ab
T30.0578±0.0020ab0.3512±0.0172ab0.1801±0.0152a0.0078±0.0036b
T40.0611±0.0088ab0.3208±0.0222ab0.1351±0.0347a0.0077±0.0013b
T50.0435±0.0025b0.3037±0.04482b0.1336±0.0128a0.0126±0.0008a
), ArticleFig(id=1277242141847974798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

复合钝化剂对不同形态Cd含量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment弱酸提取态Cd Weak acid extract Cd可还原态Cd Reducible state Cd可氧化态Cd Oxidizable state Cd残渣态Cd Residual state Cd
CK0.0645±0.0259a0.4049±0.0154a0.1233±0.0224a0.0069±0.0023b
T10.0529±0.0013ab0.3930±0.0345ab0.1678±0.0259a0.0086±0.0023ab
T20.0590±0.0075ab0.3433±0.1134ab0.1470±0.0634a0.0085±0.0028ab
T30.0578±0.0020ab0.3512±0.0172ab0.1801±0.0152a0.0078±0.0036b
T40.0611±0.0088ab0.3208±0.0222ab0.1351±0.0347a0.0077±0.0013b
T50.0435±0.0025b0.3037±0.04482b0.1336±0.0128a0.0126±0.0008a
), ArticleFig(id=1277242141919277967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Enrichment coefficient of Cd in each part of cabbage under composite passivator treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentCd富集系数Enrichment coefficient of Cd
根Root茎Stem叶Leaf
CK1.009±0.056a0.936±0.049a1.592±0.158a
T10.905±0.046bcd0.797±0.067b1.242±0.006b
T20.971±0.015ab0.911±0.030a1.239±0.070b
T30.937±0.044abc0.860±0.033ab1.361±0.033b
T40.837±0.037d0.716±0.089c1.242±0.073b
T50.887±0.054cd0.579±0.042d1.322±0.008b
), ArticleFig(id=1277242141990581136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

复合钝化剂处理下白菜各部位Cd的富集系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentCd富集系数Enrichment coefficient of Cd
根Root茎Stem叶Leaf
CK1.009±0.056a0.936±0.049a1.592±0.158a
T10.905±0.046bcd0.797±0.067b1.242±0.006b
T20.971±0.015ab0.911±0.030a1.239±0.070b
T30.937±0.044abc0.860±0.033ab1.361±0.033b
T40.837±0.037d0.716±0.089c1.242±0.073b
T50.887±0.054cd0.579±0.042d1.322±0.008b
), ArticleFig(id=1277242142057690001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Transport coefficient of Cd in each part of cabbage under treatment of composite passivator

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentCd转运系数Transport coefficient of Cd
茎Stem叶Leaf
CK0.927±0.003a1.578±0.138a
T10.881±0.049a1.374±0.066bc
T20.938±0.029a1.276±0.054c
T30.920±0.064a1.453±0.039ab
T40.855±0.076a1.487±0.102ab
T50.653±0.057b1.493±0.091ab
), ArticleFig(id=1277242142116410258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

复合钝化剂处理下白菜各部位Cd的转运系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理TreatmentCd转运系数Transport coefficient of Cd
茎Stem叶Leaf
CK0.927±0.003a1.578±0.138a
T10.881±0.049a1.374±0.066bc
T20.938±0.029a1.276±0.054c
T30.920±0.064a1.453±0.039ab
T40.855±0.076a1.487±0.102ab
T50.653±0.057b1.493±0.091ab
), ArticleFig(id=1277242142191907731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Correlation analysis of soil Cd available state with soil pH, soil enzyme activity and Cd enrichment in various parts of cabbage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目ItempH有效态Cd Effective Cd蔗糖酶Sucrase脲酶Urease酸性磷酸酶Acid phosphatase过氧化氢酶Catalase根-Cd Root-Cd茎-Cd Stem-Cd叶-Cd Leaf-Cd
pH1
有效态Cd–0.0421
蔗糖0.2280.0991
脲酶–0.1710.409–0.1231
酸性磷酸酶0.4380.2270.625**0.2521
过氧化氢酶0.647**0.134–0.1070.1400.4481
根-Cd–0.426–0.012–0.451–0.059–0.613**–0.4581
茎-Cd–0.532*0.139–0.718**0.392–0.491*–0.2250.758**1
叶-Cd–0.263–0.223–0.423–0.529*–0.390–0.2850.547*0.4011
), ArticleFig(id=1277242142263210900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190739591721185, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

土壤有效态Cd与土壤pH、土壤酶活性及白菜各部位Cd富集的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目ItempH有效态Cd Effective Cd蔗糖酶Sucrase脲酶Urease酸性磷酸酶Acid phosphatase过氧化氢酶Catalase根-Cd Root-Cd茎-Cd Stem-Cd叶-Cd Leaf-Cd
pH1
有效态Cd–0.0421
蔗糖0.2280.0991
脲酶–0.1710.409–0.1231
酸性磷酸酶0.4380.2270.625**0.2521
过氧化氢酶0.647**0.134–0.1070.1400.4481
根-Cd–0.426–0.012–0.451–0.059–0.613**–0.4581
茎-Cd–0.532*0.139–0.718**0.392–0.491*–0.2250.758**1
叶-Cd–0.263–0.223–0.423–0.529*–0.390–0.2850.547*0.4011
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复合钝化剂对原位镉污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜镉富集的影响
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冯继红 , 何季 * , 吴传美 , 李龙贵 , 祖罡 , 罗雪 , 宋理洪
热带作物学报 | 农业生态与环境保护 2024,45(5): 1084-1093
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热带作物学报 |农业生态与环境保护 2024 , 45 (5) : 1084 -1093
复合钝化剂对原位镉污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜镉富集的影响
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冯继红, 何季* , 吴传美, 李龙贵, 祖罡, 罗雪, 宋理洪
作者信息
  • 贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025
通讯作者:
* 何季(HE Ji),E-mail:
Effect of Composite Passivators on In-situ Cadmium-contaminated Soil and Cadmium Enrichment in Cabbage
Jihong FENG, Ji HE* , Chuanmei WU, Longgui LI, Gang ZU, Xue LUO, Lihong SONG
Affiliations
  • College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.023
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探究复合钝化剂对原位镉(Cd)污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜吸收积累Cd的影响,为中轻度Cd污染农田土壤的治理修复提供科学依据。以赤泥+石灰+磷矿粉(T1)、赤泥+石灰+生物炭(T2)、石灰+腐殖酸+海泡石(T3)、海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(T4)、海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(T5)共5种复合钝化剂在原位Cd污染农田土壤中开展田间试验,研究5种复合钝化剂对耕作层土壤中各形态Cd含量、酶活性、微生物碳(MBC)、微生物氮(MBN)和白菜各部位吸收积累Cd的影响。结果表明:(1)5种复合钝化剂能不同程度提高土壤pH,降低耕作层土壤中Cd的有效性,T3、T4、T5处理的土壤pH显著高于CK,T2、T3、T4、T5处理的土壤有效态Cd含量显著低于CK,在Cd的各个形态中,T5处理的弱酸提取态Cd含量、可还原态Cd含量显著低于CK,而残渣态Cd含量显著高于CK;(2)T1、T3、T4、T5处理的土壤蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别比CK显著提高42.06%~152.46%、15.95%~26.48%,T1、T2、T3、T4处理的脲酶活性比CK显著提高18.43%~35.19%,T3、T4处理的过氧化氢酶活性比CK显著提高18.78%~19.01%,T1、T2、T3处理的土壤MBC含量比CK显著提高31.83%~53.19%,T2、T3、T4处理的土壤MBN含量比CK显著提高19.14%~59.89%;(3)不同处理对白菜各部位吸收积累Cd的影响有一定差异,与CK相比,T1、T4、T5处理显著降低根部、茎部的Cd含量,5种处理均显著降低叶部的Cd含量,且白菜叶部富集、转运Cd的能力大于茎部和根部。综合钝化效果,T4、T5处理即海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(3∶5∶3)、海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(3∶5∶3)在原位钝化修复中轻度Cd污染农田土壤中的钝化效果较好,可有效降低植物对土壤重金属Cd的吸收。

Cd污染  /  土壤修复  /  复合钝化剂  /  白菜  /  土壤酶活性  /  钝化效果  /  富集

The effect of composite passivators on the in-situ Cd contaminated soil and its absorption and accumulation of Cd in cabbage were explored, which would provide a scientific basis for the treatment and restoration of medium and mild Cd contaminated farmland. Field experiments were carried out in Cd polluted farmland soil with five passivator combinations: red mud + lime + phosphate rock powder (T1), red mud + lime + biochar (T2), lime + humic acid + sepiolite (T3), sepiolite + biochar + red mud (T4), sepiolite + biochar + phosphate rock powder (T5), in order to study the effects of the five passivating agent combinations on the content of various forms of Cd, enzyme activity, microbial carbon (MBC), microbial nitrogen (MBN) and the absorption and accumulation of Cd in various parts of Chinese cabbage in the cultivated layered soil. The five compound passivating agents could improve soil pH and reduce the availability of Cd in the soil in different degrees. Soil pH in T3, T4 and T5 treatments was significantly higher than that in CK, and soil available Cd content in T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments was significantly lower than that in CK. In each form of Cd, in T5 treatment, the content of Cd in weak acid extraction state and reducible state was significantly higher than that in CK, while the content of Cd in residue state was significantly lower than that in CK. Compared with CK, T1, T3, T4 and T5 treatments significantly increased soil sucrase and acid phosphatase activities by 42.06%-152.46% and 15.95%-26.48%, respectively. Treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 significantly increased urease activity by 18.43%-35.19%, treatments T3 and T4 significantly increased catalase activity by 18.78%-19.01%, treatments T1, T2 and T3 significantly increased soil MBC content by 31.83%-53.19%. T2, T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased soil MBN content by 19.14%-59.89%. Different treatments had different effects on Cd absorption and accumulation in different parts of Chinese cabbage. Compared with CK, T4 and T5 treatments significantly reduced Cd content in roots, T1, T4 and T5 treatments significantly reduced Cd content in stems, and the five treatments significantly reduced Cd content in leaves, and the enrichment and transport capacity of Cd in leaves of Chinese cabbage was greater than that in stems and roots. In terms of comprehensive passivation effect, T4 and T5 treatments, namely sepiolite + biochar + red mud (3∶5∶3), sepiolite + biochar + phosphate powder (3∶5∶3), had better passivation effect in the field soil mildly polluted by Cd during in-situ passivation restoration, which could effectively reduce the absorption of heavy metal Cd in soil by plants.

Cd pollution  /  soil repair  /  composite passivator  /  cabbage  /  soil enzyme activity  /  passivation effect  /  concentration
冯继红, 何季, 吴传美, 李龙贵, 祖罡, 罗雪, 宋理洪. 复合钝化剂对原位镉污染土壤的钝化效果及其对白菜镉富集的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 1084 -1093 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.023
Jihong FENG, Ji HE, Chuanmei WU, Longgui LI, Gang ZU, Xue LUO, Lihong SONG. Effect of Composite Passivators on In-situ Cadmium-contaminated Soil and Cadmium Enrichment in Cabbage[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 1084 -1093 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.023
土壤是动植物生存的重要资源,而重金属在土壤中逐渐积累会影响土壤质量,重金属通过生物富集及生物放大作用,影响农产品的品质,最终间接或直接对人类健康产生危害。根据《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》,我国轻微镉(Cd)污染土壤点位超标率为5.2%,轻度Cd污染土壤点位超标率为0.8%,中度Cd污染土壤点位超标率为0.5%,重度Cd污染土壤点位超标率为0.5%。依据《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618—2018),农用地土壤Cd污染风险筛选值为0.3 mg/kg(pH≤5.5),Cd污染风险管制值为1.5 mg/kg(pH≤5.5),Cd含量高于风险筛选值时具有潜在土壤污染风险,达到风险筛选值的3~5倍时为中度污染。
钝化剂的使用是有效降低土壤有效Cd含量及植物Cd含量的重要途径,通过前人的研究,钝化剂可分为有机型钝化剂、无机型钝化剂和复合型钝化剂等,土壤的内环境和外环境复杂多样,而复合型钝化剂具有新结构和新功能的特点,这就使复合型钝化剂的综合性能优于单一钝化剂的性能,在实际应用中,复合型钝化剂具有单一钝化剂所没有的优势,通过使用复合型钝化剂最后达到较为理想的修复效果[1-2]。李晓锋等[3]研究表明,在受重金属污染的土壤中添加不同种类、不同比例的钝化剂能提高土壤酶活性,有效降低土壤中Cd、As等重金属的有效态,降低其在植物中的富集,从而达到农产品安全的目的。李颖华等[4]研究表明,有机和无机钝化剂的单独和联合施用可有效减少土壤中Cd含量,同时还可减少Cd在白菜中的积累,康亚鑫等[5]也得到相同的研究结果。王林等[6]的研究表明,钝化剂复配处理比单一处理能更有效降低土壤和水稻Cd含量,同时对水稻还有更高的增产作用,且钝化剂复配可以降低强碱性钝化剂对土壤理化性质的破坏程度,进一步提高钝化效率[7]
近年来,中轻度Cd污染农田土壤修复成为中国当前亟待解决的环境问题之一。为了降低土壤和农产品中的Cd含量,近20年我国科技工作者进行了广泛研究,已初步形成种植低吸收作物品种、工程措施、化学修复、生物修复和农艺调控等土壤修复技术[8]。而《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618—2018)将受污染耕地分为“优先保护、安全利用和严格管控”三类,本研究全区域Cd含量为0.81 mg/kg,属于安全利用区,存在一定风险。同时由于化学修复高效、快捷,使其成为目前土壤重金属污染修复的热点;因此,应考虑钝化剂种类的选择、用量的准确、添加的比例等因素,在修复重金属污染土壤的同时防止二次污染,避免给土壤理化性质和环境质量带来负面影响。另一方面,目前的大量研究均基于盆栽或者土培的方式,其研究结果并不能很好地反映大田试验结果。本研究以贵州省六盘水水城区黄壤为研究对象,在前期的研究基础上选取5种最优的复合钝化剂对Cd污染农田土壤进行原位钝化修复,在大田作物统一管理下,探讨其对中轻度Cd污染农田土壤的修复效果,以期为中轻度Cd污染农田土壤原位钝化修复提供参考依据。
研究区在贵州省六盘水市水城区米萝镇(26°21′25″~26°23′6″N,104°59′51″~105°0′38″E),地处贵州高原向云南高原过渡地带,属喀斯特岩溶地区,主要土壤类型为黄壤,土壤中含沙,偏酸性,土层深厚。平均海拔为1107 m,年平均日照时数为1367.5 h,年平均降水量约1200 mm。境内地下矿藏有煤炭、石灰石、铜、铁、硒、大理石等。已探明煤炭储量达4.9亿t,可开采量4亿t。由于大量开采地下矿物,导致重金属污染严重。研究区耕作层土壤理化性质:pH 4.64,全Cd含量为0.81 mg/kg,有机质含量为34.21 g/kg,全氮含量为2.51 g/kg,全磷含量为0.3 g/kg,全钾含量为10.34 g/kg,碱解氮含量为165.44 mg/kg,速效磷含量为128.00 mg/kg,速效钾含量为19.02 mg/kg。
供试白菜品种为晋菜三号,该品种具有高产、高抗病毒病和霜霉病,适应性强、品质好、耐贮存等特点。
钝化剂种类:赤泥购自遵义铝业股份有限公司,pH 10.42,镉含量为0.12 mg/kg;磷矿粉购自山东裕泰化工有限公司,pH 9.76,镉含量为0.09 mg/kg;石灰购自惠灰实业有限公司,pH 12.88,镉含量为0.11 mg/kg;腐殖酸购自深圳市杜高生物新技术有限公司,pH 9.86,镉含量为0.15 mg/kg;生物炭购自巩义市北山口鸿昌净水材料厂,pH 11.93,镉含量为0.05 mg/kg;海泡石购自拓亿新材料有限公司,pH 10.12,镉含量为0.10 mg/kg。
根据前期的室内土壤培养试验结果,在浓度为1 mg/kg的Cd污染土壤中,赤泥添加量为1.5%、磷矿粉添加量为1.5%、海泡石添加量为1.5%、腐殖酸添加量为1.5%、生物炭添加量为2.5%时,Cd的钝化率在40%以上,根据室内土壤培养试验结果对6种钝化剂的添加量复配进行盆栽试验,结果以表1中的5种复配钝化剂的钝化效果最优,白菜富集Cd的能力最小。在大田试验中设置T1、T2、T3、T4、T5共5种复合钝化剂组合(表1),以不施复合钝化剂为对照(CK),共6个处理,每个处理重复3次,18个小区,每个小区面积为60 m2。每个小区按每666.67 m2施加比例为N∶P2O5∶K2O=15∶15∶15的硫酸钾型复合肥50 kg,每666.67 m2复合钝化剂的添加量为333.33 kg,称取复合肥、复合钝化剂,在白菜直播前7 d施入耕作层并翻耕混匀。
土壤样品采集:白菜收获时采集各小区内耕作层土壤,共18个样品。土壤样品的采集采用“S”形取样法,取土时去除碎石和枯枝、落叶等,装袋,做好标记。将采集的土样带回实验室,一部分土样置于冰箱中4 ℃保存,一部分在通风阴凉处风干。于4 ℃保存的样品过20目筛,风干土样分别过100、20目筛。土壤样品严格按照《农田土壤环境质量监测技术规范》(NY/T 395—2012)进行制备。
白菜样品采集:各小区采用“S”形取样法采集白菜,将白菜整株装入网袋,做好标记,带回实验室,用蒸馏水清洗并擦干,根、茎、叶分别装入牛皮纸袋,置于60 ℃烘箱中烘干,白菜样品严格按照《农、畜、水产品污染监测技术规范》(NY/T 398—2000)进行制备。
pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量采用常规分析法测定[9]。过氧化氢酶活性采用容量法测定,脲酶、蔗糖酶活性采用比色法测定,磷酸酶活性采用磷酸苯二钠比色法测定,土壤微生物碳(MBC)、微生物氮(MBN)采用氯仿熏蒸提取法测定,土壤全Cd含量采用HNO3-HClO4-HF消化法测定,土壤有效Cd含量采用DTPA溶液浸提法测定,Cd形态含量采用BCR连续提取法测定[10],白菜样Cd含量采用HNO3-H2O2联合消煮法测定,以上各提取液均采用ICP-MS测定Cd含量。土壤样品Cd分析用标准物质(GBW07410)进行质量控制;白菜样品Cd分析用标准物质(GBW10049)进行质量控制,Cd元素的回收率控制在95%~105%之间。
采用Excel 2019、DPS 7.05软件进行数据处理,数据以平均值±标准误差表示,通过LSD法进行差异显著性检验,采用SPSS软件进行相关性分析,利用Origin 2022软件制图。相关计算公式如下:生物富集系数(BF)=植物各部位Cd含量/土壤中Cd含量;转运系数(TF)=植物地上部分Cd含量/植物地下部分Cd含量。
表2所示,在耕作层土壤中,T3、T4、T5处理显著提高了土壤pH(P<0.05),与CK相比,土壤pH分别提高了17.10%、17.53%、16.45%,T1、T2处理与CK之间无显著差异,这可能与钝化剂之间发生的拮抗作用有关。复合钝化剂处理的耕作层土壤有机质含量与CK之间均无显著差异,说明复合钝化剂的施加与土壤有机质含量无相关性。与CK相比,T2、T3、T4、T5处理显著降低了土壤有效态Cd含量(P<0.05),分别降低12.03%、12.17%、13.90%、16.21%,但T2、T3、T4、T5处理之间无显著性差异,T1处理与CK间无显著性差异,这可能与钝化剂自身的pH有关。
表3所示,复合钝化剂对土壤各形态Cd含量的影响有一定差异。施用复合钝化剂后,弱酸提取态Cd含量和可还原态Cd含量呈降低趋势,与CK相比,T5显著降低了弱酸提取态Cd含量和可还原态Cd含量(P<0.05),分别降低了42.43%和24.99%。而施用复合钝化剂后,可氧化态Cd含量和残渣态Cd含量呈增高趋势,但与CK相比,各个处理的可氧化态Cd含量均无显著性差异,T5处理的残渣态Cd含量显著升高82.61%(P<0.05)。说明T5处理对Cd的溶解态向非溶解态的转化影响最大。
图1所示,与CK相比,T1、T3、T4、T5处理显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性(P<0.05),分别提高132.67%、48.23%、42.06%、152.46%;与CK相比,T1、T2、T3、T4处理显著提高土壤脲酶活性(P<0.05),分别提高35.19%、25.47%、18.93%、18.43%,而T5处理显著降低10.70%(P<0.05);与CK相比,T1、T3、T4、T5处理显著提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05),分别提高26.48%、23.10%、21.35%、15.95%;与CK相比,T3、T4处理显著提高过土壤氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05),分别提高18.78%、19.01%。说明在复合钝化剂处理下,土壤酶活性均有不同程度变化。
图2所示,与CK相比,T1、T2、T3处理显著提高土壤微生物炭(MBC)含量(P<0.05),分别提高48.32%、53.19%、31.83%;与CK相比,T2、T3、T4处理显著提高土壤微生物氮(MBN)含量(P<0.05),分别提高19.14%、53.01%、59.89%。而T5处理显著降低MBC含量10.63%(P<0.05),T1处理显著降低MBN含量35.81%(P<0.05)。说明钝化剂的施加对MBC含量、MBN含量有不同影响。
图3所示,施加复合钝化剂能有效降低白菜根、茎、叶中的Cd含量,与CK相比,T1、T4、T5处理显著降低根部、茎部的Cd含量(P<0.05),根部的Cd含量分别降低12.44%、17.09%、12.06%,茎部Cd含量分别降低14.77%、23.37%、38.13%。与CK相比,5个复合钝化剂处理均显著降低叶部Cd含量(P<0.05),T1~T5分别降低22.01%、22.15%、14.54%、21.96%、17.00%。说明施用复合钝化剂降低了土壤有效态Cd含量,从而减少白菜各部位对重金属Cd的吸收。
表4可知,施用钝化剂影响白菜中Cd的富集系数。与CK相比,T1、T4、T5处理显著降低白菜根部和茎部Cd的富集系数(P<0.05),根部Cd的富集系数分别降低10.32%、17.08%、12.06%,茎部Cd的富集系数分别降低14.78%、23.44%、38.16%;与CK相比,5个复合钝化剂处理均显著降低白菜叶部Cd的富集系数(P<0.05),T1~T5分别降低22.01%、22.15%、14.53%、21.96%、17.00%,各处理间叶部Cd的富集系数无显著差异。说明施加复合钝化剂降低了土壤重金属Cd的生物有效性,限制了Cd向植物体内迁移。
表5所示,T5处理下,茎部Cd的转运系数显著低于CK(P<0.05),比CK低29.54%。T1、T2处理下,叶部Cd的转运系数显著低于CK(P<0.05),比CK分别低12.93%、19.14%。说明施加复合钝化剂能降低白菜各部位Cd的转运系数,且白菜叶部Cd的转运系数高于茎部。
表6可知,土壤pH与土壤过氧化氢酶活性呈极显著正相关,与白菜茎部Cd含量呈显著负相关;土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤酸性磷酸酶活性呈极显著正相关,与白菜茎部Cd含量呈极显著负相关;土壤脲酶活性与白菜叶部Cd含量呈显著负相关;土壤酸性磷酸酶活性与白菜根部Cd含量呈极显著负相关,与白菜茎部Cd含量呈显著负相关;白菜根部Cd含量与茎部Cd含量呈极显著正相关,与叶部Cd含量呈正显著相关。
农田土壤重金属的生物有效性受土壤重金属全量、重金属形态的改变、土壤pH、阳离子交换量、有机质含量、养分状况、存在时间和土地利用方式等诸多因素的影响[11],施加碱性物质、碳酸盐矿物、黏土矿物和有机物料可通过改变上述影响因素来降低重金属的有效性。QIN等[12]研究表明,Cd的活性越高,越容易从土壤中释放出来,从而被植物吸收,而土壤pH可以调控重金属的形态、分配和生物有效性,因此,通过提高土壤pH来降低重金属的生物有效性是原位钝化的重要机制。本研究中,从施入钝化剂(2021-10-01)到采样(2021-12-06)的2个月内,T3、T4、T5处理显著提高了耕作层土壤pH,土壤pH的提高可能与钝化剂自身pH较高有关,本研究中的钝化剂有赤泥、石灰、海泡石、生物炭、磷矿粉、腐殖质,除了磷矿粉和腐殖酸,其他钝化剂pH均大于10。T2、T3、T4、T5处理使土壤有效态Cd含量降低最多,这可能与土壤pH以及钝化剂材料有关。一方面,施加钝化剂后,土壤pH升高,引起土壤颗粒表面的负电荷增多,土壤中Cd的有效性降低[13];另一方面,处理中添加的海泡石、生物炭具有较大的比表面积和良好的吸附性能[14-15]。有研究结果表明生物炭和海泡石复配能显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤重金属有效态含量,且比单独施加生物炭、海泡石的钝化效果好[16]。综合钝化效果,复合钝化剂T3、T4、T5处理的修复中轻度Cd污染土壤效果最佳。此外,钝化剂的持续改良时间也是研究重点之一,黄雁飞等[17]的研究结果表明,钝化剂需要在第2季时及时补充方能持续改良。刘冬冬[18]的研究结果表明,施用钝化剂120 d比60 d时的土壤有效态Cd含量和白菜Cd含量低,说明钝化效果稳定。结合本研究2个月的钝化结果来看,钝化剂的持续改良时间至少应该在3个月以上,具体时间需要长期试验验证。
有研究表明,在低pH条件下,土壤溶液中的H+浓度增加,被置换下来的Cd2+浓度上升,致使土壤中可交换态Cd、可还原态Cd含量增加;随着钝化剂的加入,土壤pH升高,土壤有机质的溶解度增大,络合能力增强,致使大量的Cd2+被络合,有利于生成更稳定的有机-Cd的络合物以及硫化物结合态Cd,同时Cd(OH)2的比例也逐渐增大,导致有机结合态Cd及硫化物结合态Cd的含量迅速增加,有效态Cd的含量逐渐降低[19-20]。本研究结果与上述研究有一定差异,本研究中,T3、T4、T5处理的土壤pH相差不大,但只有T5处理显著促进弱酸提取态Cd和可还原态Cd逐步向可氧化态Cd和残渣态Cd转化,其他处理对各种Cd形态的转化效率差异均不显著。这可能与T5处理中添加的磷矿粉有关。磷矿粉的主要成分是氟磷灰石[Ca10(PO46F2],在磷矿粉施入土壤中后,磷酸根与土壤中的Cd2+反应生成难溶的矿物沉淀,而磷矿粉本身的Ca2+还会与土壤中的Cd2+发生拮抗作用,最后促进了弱酸提取态Cd向其他形态转化。
巨天珍等[21]研究表明,当重金属含量超过一定量时,会导致土壤中的微生物生物量大幅度减少,活性降低,这种抑制作用甚至可持续数十年甚至上百年之久。CHEN等[22]和郭晖[23]的研究表明,土壤中重金属含量过高会抑制土壤酶活性。其原因,一方面可能是土壤中的Cd2+会与酶分子的巯基、含咪唑配位体等活性部位结合,形成较稳定的络合物,从而与底物发生竞争作用,导致土壤酶活性下降;另一方面,重金属会导致土壤微生物的生存环境受到污染,使其生长和繁殖速率下降,继而体内酶的分泌和合成减少,导致土壤酶活性下降。本研究中,与CK相比,T5处理显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,T1处理显著提高土壤脲酶活性,T1、T3、T4处理显著提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,T3、T4处理显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性;T1、T2、T3处理显著提高土壤微生物碳含量,T2、T3、T4处理显著提高土壤微生物氮含量。说明施加钝化剂可以有效降低重金属对土壤酶活性和微生物的影响,提升土壤环境的自净能力以及解毒能力,这与林小兵等[24]的研究结果一致。AI等[25]和LLADÓ等[26]的研究结果表明,土壤pH对微生物和酶活性有明显影响,在合适的酸性介质环境中,土壤微生物分泌酶的速率最高、种类最广。但是在T5处理下,土壤pH升高,土壤脲酶活性、土壤微生物碳含量反而降低,这可能与T5处理中加入的磷矿粉有关,具体原因有待进一步研究。
复合钝化剂的施用能不同程度提高土壤pH、降低土壤有效态Cd含量,从而减少白菜根、茎、叶对Cd的吸收。施用钝化剂后,T1、T4、T5处理的白菜根部、茎部Cd的富集系数显著低于CK,T1~T5处理下白菜叶部Cd的富集系数显著低于CK;T5处理下茎部Cd的转运系数显著低于CK,T1、T2处理下叶部Cd的转运系数显著低于CK。综上表明,T4、T5处理可有效降低白菜对重金属Cd的吸收和积累,这与黄安林等[2]的研究结果一致。此外,农作物不同部位对Cd的富集能力不同,且农作物中可能存在Cd的主要存储部位,严勋等[27]通过研究表明根是水稻最容易富集Cd的部位,王姗姗等[28]的研究结果表明花生籽粒则对Cd具有相对较高的富集能力,是花生植株的Cd存储部位。本研究中,白菜各部位的Cd富集系数表现为叶>茎、根,说明白菜对Cd的储存和富集作用主要集中在叶部。Cd转运系数表现为叶>茎,说明白菜的地上部吸收重金属的能力高于地下部,这与陈森等[29]的研究结果一致。
通过相关性分析可知,白菜各部位富集Cd的强弱与土壤酶活性、土壤pH呈显著或极显著负相关。BEHERA等[30]的研究表明,受重金属污染的土壤在添加钝化剂后引起土壤pH升高,毒性降低;王理德等[31]的研究表明,土壤酶活性在受土壤酸碱度影响的同时也受土壤中重金属毒性的影响,土壤酶由土壤动物、土壤微生物和植物根系共同作用,且植物根系所分泌的物质是土壤酶活性的主要提供者。说明当土壤pH升高时,土壤中的重金属活性降低,白菜根系酶促反应升高,白菜富集Cd的能力减弱,这与本研究结果一致。但是本研究中土壤过氧化氢酶与白菜各部位富集Cd无相关性,其原因可能是Cd与过氧化氢酶分子中活性部位的巯基和含咪唑的配体等结合形成较稳定的络合物,产生了与底物的竞争性抑制作用,从而钝化过氧化氢酶活性。
在中轻度Cd污染耕地土壤中,施用复合钝化剂的T3、T4、T5处理可显著提升耕作层土壤pH,T2~T5处理显著降低土壤有效态Cd含量,土壤中的弱酸提取态Cd和可还原态Cd向可氧化态Cd和残渣态Cd有不同程度的转化;除T5处理外,其他处理均可使土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性提高,除T1、T5处理外,其他处理均可使土壤微生物碳、土壤微生物氮含量增加。此外,施加复合钝化剂可有效降低白菜各部位的Cd含量,降低白菜中Cd的富集和转运系数,限制了土壤有效态Cd向植物体内的迁移,阻碍了植物地下部Cd向地上部转移。综合钝化效果,针对试验区的中轻度Cd污染情况,最佳复合钝化剂为T4和T5处理,即海泡石+生物炭+赤泥(3∶5∶3)和海泡石+生物炭+磷矿粉(3∶5∶3)。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目——贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442)
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合后补助[2020]3001)
  • 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般133)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.023
  • 接收时间:2022-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-16
  • 修回日期:2023-02-27
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国家自然科学基金项目——贵州省人民政府喀斯特科学研究中心项目(U1612442)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合后补助[2020]3001)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般133)
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    贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳 550025

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* 何季(HE Ji),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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