Article(id=1276190684314989464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1676822400000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-20, revisedDate=1680969600000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197169616, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197169616, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197169616, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197169616, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1031, endPage=1039, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190684566647706, articleId=1276190684314989464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Potential Geographical Distribution of Rhododendron hainanense Based on MaxEnt Model, columnId=1236318328365577171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Agricultural Ecology & Environmental Protection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Rhododendron hainanense Merr. has high ornamental and ecological value. It is of great significance for the protection and application of this plant through the study of ecological requirement and applicable range. In this paper, MaxEnt model and ArcGIS were used to simulate the potential geographical distribution of R. hainanense in China, based on the existing geographic distribution information, climate factors of this plant. And the key environmental factors, affecting the potential distribution of R. hainanense and suitable thresholds are analyzed. The results showed that under the contemporary climate scenario (1970—2000), the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) can predict the suitable area of R. hainanense with high accuracy. The temperature and precipitation have a great influence on R. hainanense. The main factors affecting the potential distribution of R. hainanense are precipitation of warmest quarter (bio18) and mean diurnal range (bio2). When the precipitation of warmest quarter (bio18) is between 610-3990 mm and the mean diurnal range (bio2) is 5-7 ℃, the climate environment is suitable for the growth of R. hainanense. In a certain range, the probability of presence of R. hainanense will increase with the increase of precipitation. In China, the suitable habitat area of R. hainanense is mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, eastern Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou. The total suitable habitat area of R. hainanense under contemporary climate scenarios is 132.36×104 km2. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for the protection and application for the species.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yingying YUN, Qiuyun FAN, Youhai SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Youhai SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190687490077606, articleId=1276190684314989464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=基于最大熵模型的海南杜鹃在中国的潜在地理分布, columnId=1236292523270918153, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=农业生态与环境保护, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

海南杜鹃(Rhododendron hainanense Merr.)具有较高的观赏价值和生态价值,研究其生态需求和适生范围,对于海南杜鹃的保护与栽培应用具有重要意义。本研究主要应用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)和地理信息系统(ArcGIS),基于海南杜鹃现有地理分布信息和气候因子,模拟海南杜鹃在中国的潜在分布区,并具体分析影响海南杜鹃潜在分布的关键环境因子及适宜阈值。结果表明:在当代气候情景下(1970—2000年),用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)对海南杜鹃适生区进行模拟的准确度较高,气温和降水对海南杜鹃的影响较大,其中影响海南杜鹃潜在分布的主导因子为最暖季降水量(bio18)和平均气温日较差(bio2)。平均气温日较差(bio2)在5~7 ℃区间、最暖季降水量(bio18)在610~3990 mm区间的气候环境有利于海南杜鹃生长,在一定范围内海南杜鹃的出现概率会随着降水量的增大而增大。在中国区域,海南杜鹃比较适应海南、广西、广东、台湾、四川东部、重庆以及贵州等地的气候环境,当代气候情景下总适生区面积为132.36×104 km2,总适生区范围整体上会随着未来气候的变化而有所增大。本研究旨在为海南杜鹃的保护与应用推广提供科学依据。

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云英英(1996—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:园林植物资源与利用。

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* 史佑海(SHI Youhai),E-mail:
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Environmental variables used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代码Code环境因子Environmental variables代码Code环境因子Environmental variables
bio1年平均气温bio11最冷季平均气温
bio2平均气温日较差bio12年降水量
bio3等温性[(bio2/bio7)×100]bio13最湿月降水量
bio4气温季节性变动系数(标准差×100)bio14最干月降水量
bio5最热月最高气温bio15降水量的季节性变化(变异系数)
bio6最冷月最低气温bio16最干季降水量
bio7气温年较差(bio5-bio6)bio17最湿季降水量
bio8最湿季平均气温bio18最暖季降水量
bio9最干季平均气温bio19最冷季降水量
bio10最暖季平均气温alt海拔
), ArticleFig(id=1277242096004239398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190684314989464, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究采用的环境因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代码Code环境因子Environmental variables代码Code环境因子Environmental variables
bio1年平均气温bio11最冷季平均气温
bio2平均气温日较差bio12年降水量
bio3等温性[(bio2/bio7)×100]bio13最湿月降水量
bio4气温季节性变动系数(标准差×100)bio14最干月降水量
bio5最热月最高气温bio15降水量的季节性变化(变异系数)
bio6最冷月最低气温bio16最干季降水量
bio7气温年较差(bio5-bio6)bio17最湿季降水量
bio8最湿季平均气温bio18最暖季降水量
bio9最干季平均气温bio19最冷季降水量
bio10最暖季平均气温alt海拔
), ArticleFig(id=1277242096083931175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190684314989464, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Environment variables used in MaxEnt model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代码Code环境变量的中文名称Chinese name of environment variables环境变量的英文名称English name of environment variables
bio2平均气温日较差Mean diurnal range (mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)
bio6最冷月最低气温Min temperature of coldest month
bio8最湿季平均气温Mean temperature of wettest quarter
bio10最暖季平均气温Mean temperature of warmest quarter
bio14最干月降水量Precipitation of driest month
bio15降水量的季节性变化(变异系数)Precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation)
bio18最暖季降水量Precipitation of warmest quarter
), ArticleFig(id=1277242096151040040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190684314989464, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

用于模型运算的环境变量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
代码Code环境变量的中文名称Chinese name of environment variables环境变量的英文名称English name of environment variables
bio2平均气温日较差Mean diurnal range (mean of monthly (max temp - min temp)
bio6最冷月最低气温Min temperature of coldest month
bio8最湿季平均气温Mean temperature of wettest quarter
bio10最暖季平均气温Mean temperature of warmest quarter
bio14最干月降水量Precipitation of driest month
bio15降水量的季节性变化(变异系数)Precipitation seasonality (coefficient of variation)
bio18最暖季降水量Precipitation of warmest quarter
), ArticleFig(id=1277242096222343209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190684314989464, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Contribution rate and suitable range of main environment variables

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境变量Environment variables贡献率Contribution rate/%适宜区间Suitable range
最暖季降水量/mm48.6610~3990
平均气温日较差/℃22.95~7
降水量的季节性变化(变异系数)15.964~85
最干月降水量/mm8.619~47
最冷月最低气温/℃3.06~15
最暖季平均气温/℃0.724~29
最湿季平均气温/℃0.223~27
), ArticleFig(id=1277242096289452074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190684314989464, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

主要环境变量的贡献率及适宜范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
环境变量Environment variables贡献率Contribution rate/%适宜区间Suitable range
最暖季降水量/mm48.6610~3990
平均气温日较差/℃22.95~7
降水量的季节性变化(变异系数)15.964~85
最干月降水量/mm8.619~47
最冷月最低气温/℃3.06~15
最暖季平均气温/℃0.724~29
最湿季平均气温/℃0.223~27
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基于最大熵模型的海南杜鹃在中国的潜在地理分布
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云英英 , 范秋云 , 史佑海 *
热带作物学报 | 农业生态与环境保护 2024,45(5): 1031-1039
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热带作物学报 |农业生态与环境保护 2024 , 45 (5) : 1031 -1039
基于最大熵模型的海南杜鹃在中国的潜在地理分布
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云英英, 范秋云, 史佑海*
作者信息
  • 海南大学海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 史佑海(SHI Youhai),E-mail:
Potential Geographical Distribution of Rhododendron hainanense Based on MaxEnt Model
Yingying YUN, Qiuyun FAN, Youhai SHI*
Affiliations
  • Hainan Key Laboratory for Biology of Tropical Ornamental Plant Germplasm, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.018
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海南杜鹃(Rhododendron hainanense Merr.)具有较高的观赏价值和生态价值,研究其生态需求和适生范围,对于海南杜鹃的保护与栽培应用具有重要意义。本研究主要应用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)和地理信息系统(ArcGIS),基于海南杜鹃现有地理分布信息和气候因子,模拟海南杜鹃在中国的潜在分布区,并具体分析影响海南杜鹃潜在分布的关键环境因子及适宜阈值。结果表明:在当代气候情景下(1970—2000年),用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)对海南杜鹃适生区进行模拟的准确度较高,气温和降水对海南杜鹃的影响较大,其中影响海南杜鹃潜在分布的主导因子为最暖季降水量(bio18)和平均气温日较差(bio2)。平均气温日较差(bio2)在5~7 ℃区间、最暖季降水量(bio18)在610~3990 mm区间的气候环境有利于海南杜鹃生长,在一定范围内海南杜鹃的出现概率会随着降水量的增大而增大。在中国区域,海南杜鹃比较适应海南、广西、广东、台湾、四川东部、重庆以及贵州等地的气候环境,当代气候情景下总适生区面积为132.36×104 km2,总适生区范围整体上会随着未来气候的变化而有所增大。本研究旨在为海南杜鹃的保护与应用推广提供科学依据。

海南杜鹃  /  最大熵模型  /  气候响应  /  潜在地理分布

Rhododendron hainanense Merr. has high ornamental and ecological value. It is of great significance for the protection and application of this plant through the study of ecological requirement and applicable range. In this paper, MaxEnt model and ArcGIS were used to simulate the potential geographical distribution of R. hainanense in China, based on the existing geographic distribution information, climate factors of this plant. And the key environmental factors, affecting the potential distribution of R. hainanense and suitable thresholds are analyzed. The results showed that under the contemporary climate scenario (1970—2000), the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) can predict the suitable area of R. hainanense with high accuracy. The temperature and precipitation have a great influence on R. hainanense. The main factors affecting the potential distribution of R. hainanense are precipitation of warmest quarter (bio18) and mean diurnal range (bio2). When the precipitation of warmest quarter (bio18) is between 610-3990 mm and the mean diurnal range (bio2) is 5-7 ℃, the climate environment is suitable for the growth of R. hainanense. In a certain range, the probability of presence of R. hainanense will increase with the increase of precipitation. In China, the suitable habitat area of R. hainanense is mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, eastern Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou. The total suitable habitat area of R. hainanense under contemporary climate scenarios is 132.36×104 km2. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for the protection and application for the species.

Rhododendron hainanense  /  MaxEnt Model  /  climate response  /  potential geographical distribution
云英英, 范秋云, 史佑海. 基于最大熵模型的海南杜鹃在中国的潜在地理分布. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 1031 -1039 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.018
Yingying YUN, Qiuyun FAN, Youhai SHI. Potential Geographical Distribution of Rhododendron hainanense Based on MaxEnt Model[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 1031 -1039 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.018
海南杜鹃(Rhododendron hainanense Merr.)为杜鹃花科杜鹃花属常绿灌木,原产中国海南、广西、广东及越南北部[1]。该植物花色鲜艳、花期长,扦插易活,有较强的耐热性且有利于稳固河岸[2-4],具有较高的观赏价值和园林应用潜力。目前海南杜鹃分布点较少,仍处于野生未开发利用状态,其种植和园林应用尚未得到推广。导致这一现状的原因之一是海南杜鹃具体的生态适应幅尚未得到量化,科学的栽培管理体系尚未成熟。在地理区域大尺度范围,气候是制约物种地理区域分布的主导因子,气候变化对物种的分布格局存在较大影响[5-6]。在全球气候变化剧烈的背景下,分析影响海南杜鹃地理分布的主导气候因子及潜在适生区,研究其气候适应性,有助于海南杜鹃的保护与推广应用工作[7]
基于分布情况与环境生态位理论,有利于研究植物和环境的关系[8]。由Peterson & Vieglais提出的生态位模型(Ecological Niche Modeling)是利用物种的分布数据和相关环境变量构建模型,判断物种的生态需求,并将运算结果投射到不同的时间和空间中,预测物种的潜在分布[9-10]。生态位模型中最常用的最大熵模型(Maximum Entropy Model,MaxEnt)是由PHILLIPS等[11]以最大熵理论(The Theory of Maximum Entropy)[12]为基础,构建的模拟物种地理尺度空间分布模型,运用最大熵模型预测植物适生区,有助于判断植物的适生性[13-14]。最大熵模型对样本量的要求不高,在样本量较少的情况下也能获得较好的模拟效果[15-17]。最大熵模型以其预测精度高、适用性强等优点[18-19],已被广泛运用于濒危动植物保护、作物种植区划、气候对物种分布影响以及亲缘地理学等领域[20-22]
目前海南杜鹃的研究主要集中在保育[3,23]、繁殖栽培技术[2,24-25]及耐热性[4,26]等方面,关于适生区域及地理分布的影响因素等研究较少见报道。本研究依托海南杜鹃的地理分布及气候数据,运用MaxEnt算法构建海南杜鹃物种分布模型,着重研究以下问题:(1)分析确定影响海南杜鹃适宜性分布的主导环境因子及其阈值,把握海南杜鹃的气候环境需求;(2)海南杜鹃在中国的潜在适宜分布格局,以及在气候变化背景下海南杜鹃适宜分布范围的变化。本研究结果将为海南杜鹃的保护与栽培应用提供科学的依据。
海南杜鹃的原始分布数据来自实地调查及中国数字植物标本馆(https://www.cvh.ac.cn/),剔除其中分布信息不明的点和重叠点,最终获得20个有效分布点(图1)。
本研究所用的环境数据来源于世界气候数据库Worldclim(https://www.worldclim.org/)的19个气候数据(表1),当代气候数据选择1970—2000年的气候因子,未来气候选择2070s中的具有气候模拟优势的CSM4系统气候因子[27]。空间分辨率均为2.5 arc minutes。
为了避免在构建最大熵模型时环境变量的多重共线性导致模型过度拟合,从而影响模拟的准确性[28],本研究首先把19个气候变量导入MaxEnt模型进行模拟并记录下百分比贡献率,接着应用SPSS软件对各气候因子进行Pearson相关性检验,如果气候因子间的Pearson相关系数(r)≥0.8,则选择其中贡献率最高的因子[29]。筛选后得到7个气候变量(表2),用于参与海南杜鹃的潜在分布建模。
将.csv格式的海南杜鹃分布点经纬度信息表和7个气候变量同时导入MaxEnt3.4.1软件,在模型参数设置中开启刀切法(Jackknife)来评价各环境变量的权重,同时开启绘制各环境因子的响应曲线,输出类型为逻辑值(Logistic),在设置中勾选Write plot data和Random seed,选取75%的地理分布点作为训练集数据(Training data),25%作为测试集数据(Test data),重复运行类型设置为Subsample,重复运行次数为10次,其余选项保持默认设置,分别模拟当代和未来不同气候情景下海南杜鹃的潜在分布区[7,30]。将MaxEnt软件生成的预测结果文件导入ArcGIS 10.2软件,对预测文件进行中国区域的掩膜提取,并运用重分类工具参考自然间断点分级法(Jenks natural breaks)对海南杜鹃的潜在分布区划分适生等级[27],最终将海南杜鹃的适生区分为4个等级:非适生区(P<0.08)、低适生区(0.09≤P<0.27)、中适生区(0.27≤P<0.53)和高适生区(P≥0.53)。
应用MaxEnt模型的受试者评价特征曲线(Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve,ROC)得到的AUC值对海南杜鹃适生性分布结果进行精度评估,AUC值越接近1表示模型预测结果精度越高,AUC值表示为:0.50~0.60(失败),0.60~0.70(较差),0.70~0.80(一般),0.80~0.90(好),0.90~1.0(非常好)[31]。结果显示,本研究10次运行结果得到的平均训练AUC值和平均测试AUC值分别为0.999和0.998,远大于随机预测的AUC值(0.5),表明MaxEnt模型对海南杜鹃适生区模拟的准确度较高。
运用Jackknife刀切法来衡量各环境因子的重要度[32-33]图2),综合分析MaxEnt模型运行得到的气候变量贡献率和训练增益可知,单独使用时增益最高的环境变量是最暖季降水量(bio18),当平均气温日较差(bio2)被省略时环境变量的增益减少得最多,由此可见,影响海南杜鹃潜在分布的主导因子为最暖季降水量(bio18)(贡献率为48.6%)和平均气温日较差(bio2)(贡献率为22.9%),气温和降水是影响海南杜鹃地理分布的主要环境因素。基于MaxEnt模型运算结果绘制海南杜鹃对环境因子的响应曲线(图3),进一步分析主要环境因子对海南杜鹃分布的影响,并统计分布概率大于0.5时对应的各环境变量值,得出适宜海南杜鹃生长的各环境变量值范围(表3[34-35]。结果显示在气温方面,当平均气温日较差(bio2)在5~7 ℃区间(图3A)、最冷月最低气温(bio6)在6~15 ℃区间(图3B)、最湿季平均气温(bio8)在23~27 ℃区间(图3C)、最暖季平均气温(bio10)在24~29 ℃区间(图3D)时海南杜鹃的出现概率较高,表明平均气温日较差较小和较温暖的气候环境更适宜海南杜鹃的生长。在降水方面,最干月降水量(bio14)的适宜范围为19~47 mm(图3E),最暖季降水量(bio18)(图3F)的适宜范围为610~3990 mm,且在一定范围内,海南杜鹃的出现概率随着最暖季降水量(bio18)的提高而显著提高,表明海南杜鹃受降水量的影响较大,降水量的提高有利于海南杜鹃的生长。
经MaxEnt模型预测出海南杜鹃在当代气候条件下(1970—2000年)的潜在地理分布区(图4)。在20个有效分布记录点的适生指数值中最高的为广东台山市四九乡古兜山(0.86),最低的为广东乳源县东坪镇梯下村(0.31),平均值为0.64。海南杜鹃在当代气候条件下在我国的潜在分布区{主要位于中南和东南部,其中海南、广西、广东、台湾、四川东部、重庆以及贵州等地较适宜海南杜鹃分布。海南杜鹃在中国区域内的总适生区面积为132.36×104 km2,其中高适生区面积为24.67×104 km2,中适生区面积为33.88×104 km2,低适生区面积为73.81×104 km2
对未来气候情景下(2070s)海南杜鹃的潜在适生区分布情况进行预测(图5),结果表明与当代气候情景相比,海南杜鹃的总适生区范围整体上会随着未来气候的变化而有所增大,总适生区面积由当前的132.36×104 km2增加至143.19×104 km2,适生区呈现由近海地区向内陆扩展的趋势。
研究所用的环境变量和种群分布数据等会对物种适生区模拟结果的准确性产生影响。在环境变量的选取上,本研究应用SPSS软件对气候变量进行了Pearson相关性分析,剔除了相关性较大的气候变量,这在一定程度上减小了过度拟合的影响,提高了模拟结果的可靠性[36],所采用的分布点数据基本覆盖已知分布范围,但分布点数据较少,这可能会在一定程度上影响适生区模拟的精度。海南杜鹃的潜在分布区预测结果显示,用于评估模型模拟效果的AUC值非常接近1,且当前气候情景下的潜在分布区与实际分布基本一致,表明在地理区域范围用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)对海南杜鹃适生区进行模拟的准确度较高。本研究仅从气候方面对海南杜鹃进行区域尺度上的潜在分布模拟,但影响海南杜鹃地理分布的的因素还有很多,包括历史地理事件、土壤、光照、地形地势以及种间关系等,适生区预测结果可能会与实际适生区存在一定的偏差。在今后的研究中还需要考虑更多因素,进一步把握海南杜鹃的地理分布格局成因及生态需求,为海南杜鹃的保护与应用提供更科学有力的依据。
热量和水分是决定大尺度地理区域上海南杜鹃生存的主要环境因子[37]。在一定范围内降水量的提高有利于海南杜鹃的生长,最冷月份最低气温(bio6)较低的气候环境则不利于海南杜鹃的生存。在中国区域内海南杜鹃总适生区范围整体上会随着未来气候的变化而有所增大,适生区主要分布于中国的中南和东南部,其中东南部的适生区域呈沿海分布的现象较为明显,且海南杜鹃常生于沟谷溪流附近,表明温暖、湿润的气候条件更适宜海南杜鹃的生存。
海南杜鹃具有较高观赏价值和生态价值,作为耐热性较强的杜鹃花属植物,随着未来气候的变化,海南杜鹃的适宜分布范围呈现由近海地区向内陆扩展的趋势,总适生区范围有所增大,在生产实践和园林应用上具有很大的潜力。然而目前实际分布点较少,基本都以野生状态存在,且在野外实地调研中发现,海南杜鹃部分分布点受到人类活动的干扰较为严重,其数量在大幅度减少,甚至部分野外种群有消失的风险,亟待对海南杜鹃开展保护工作。今后应进一步研究影响海南杜鹃分布的限制性因子,以就地保护为主,加强环境监测,保护海南杜鹃野生资源及生境,同时加强海南杜鹃种质资源的收集与保存。当遇到不可避免的环境和人为因素时,应及时采取迁地保护等措施。海南杜鹃现有分布点少,且分布范围较为局限,基本都野生于沟谷的溪流两岸,推测其现有分布成因与地形地势、自身繁育特点和自然条件下种子的传播能力等有着密切的联系。海南杜鹃扦插易活,对环境具有一定的适应能力,在今后工作中可考虑人为干预,采取组织培养扩繁及扦插等繁殖方式,将海南杜鹃的人工繁殖的种苗回归种植于野外适生区,扩大其分布范围和种群规模,以此助推海南杜鹃种质野外资源的保护。
  • 海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室开放项目(hnhmzd202202)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.018
  • 接收时间:2023-02-20
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-20
  • 修回日期:2023-04-09
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海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室开放项目(hnhmzd202202)
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    海南大学海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口 570228

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* 史佑海(SHI Youhai),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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