Article(id=1276190586260550031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1662048000000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-02, revisedDate=1670169600000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197146239, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197146239, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197146239, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197146239, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=944, endPage=954, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190586528985489, articleId=1276190586260550031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Response of Root Morphology and Physiological Process of Pitaya [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. et Rose] to Phosphorus Supply Level under Hydroponic Conditions, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macro-element for crop growth and is involved in critical physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Pitaya is an important economic crop in tropical and subtropical regions. High fruit P concentration and huge yield require high P demand for pitaya growth. However, the P absorption characteristics of pitaya and the relationship of root morpho-physiological processes and P uptake are still unclear. In this study, pitaya variety Soft Dahong, which is the most popular cultivar in China, was used. Five P gradients of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L were set by hydroponic experiment to explore the changes of root morphology and physiological process of pitaya under different P application rates. At the same time, the content of phosphorus and other nutrient elements in the aboveground part were analyzed to clarify the mechanism of root morphological and physiological traits for efficient P use and the effect of P supply on other nutrients uptake in pitaya. The results showed that compared with no P, P fertilizer application did not affect the accumulation of aboveground biomass. P uptake and P concentration of shoot increased with the P application rates. The total root length and the number of fine roots with diameter≤0.05 mm in low P treatment (0.1 mmol/L) were significantly higher than those of other treatments. High P supply inhibited root growth, showing that the total root length was the shortest, and the number of coarse roots with diameter≥2 mm was higher than that of other treatments. Low P (0.01 mmol/L) treatment had the highest total organic acid content and higher root CEC content. Compared with no P, the organic acid secretion rate and root CEC content decreased under high P supply (1.0 mmol/L). In terms of the absorption of other nutrient elements, the absorption concentration of iron in the mother branch and the primary branch decreased gradually with the increase of P rate. The contents of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc in the second order branches decreased gradually with the increase of P rate, showing a significant negative correlation. This study showed that low P and moderate P supply (0.01 mmol/L or 0.1 mmol/L) could promote root growth, root organic acid secretion and ion absorption capacity of pitaya, while excessive P supply (1.0 mmol/L) significantly inhibited root growth and significantly reduced the absorption of trace elements accumulation in shoots. Therefore, rational application of P fertilizer is of great significance for pitaya to maximize its root biological potential and improve the P use efficiency, and also plays a key role in the balance of trace elements uptake in plants.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xiang GAO, Yongzhi YANG, Juan LI, Siru CHEN, Yunze RUAN, Wei GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190589511135649, articleId=1276190586260550031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=水培条件下火龙果根系形态和生理过程对供磷水平的响应, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

磷是作物生长必需的大量元素,参与体内重要生理生化过程。火龙果是热带、亚热带地区重要经济作物,高额的果实磷含量和巨大的产量使得火龙果对磷的需求量极高。然而,火龙果磷吸收特性以及根系形态和生理过程与磷高效吸收之间有何关系尚不清楚。本研究以国内主要火龙果品种软枝大红为研究对象,采用水培实验,设定0、0.01、0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol/L共5个不同磷浓度梯度,探究不同施磷浓度下火龙果根系形态和生理过程的变化,分析地上部磷以及其他营养元素的含量,阐明磷高效利用的根系形态和生理过程机制以及供磷对火龙果其他营养元素吸收的影响规律。研究结果表明,与对照相比,供磷并未影响火龙果地上部生物量的积累。火龙果枝条磷吸收量及磷浓度随着供磷浓度的升高而增大。0.1 mmol/L处理的总根长以及直径≤0.05 mm的细根数量显著高于其他处理;1.0 mmol/L处理的总根长中直径≥2 mm的粗根数量高于其他处理。0.01 mmol/L处理总有机酸含量最高,根系阳离子交换量(cation exchange capacity)含量较高;与对照相比,1.0 mmol/L处理下有机酸分泌速率降低,根系阳离子交换量(CEC)含量下降。其他营养元素吸收方面,母枝及一级侧枝中,铁元素的吸收浓度表现出随着施磷浓度的升高逐渐下降。二级侧枝中氮、钙、镁、锰、锌等元素均随着施磷浓度的升高逐渐下降,呈显著负相关关系。本研究表明,适度供磷(0.01 mmol/L或0.1 mmol/L)能够促进火龙果根系生长以及根系有机酸分泌和离子吸收能力,而过量供磷(1.0 mmol/L)会显著抑制火龙果根系生长,同时显著降低地上部枝条中、微量元素的吸收。因此合理施用磷肥,对火龙果自身发挥根系生物学潜力,为植株中、微量元素营养均衡起到关键作用。

, authors=

高翔(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:火龙果根际营养及根际调控。

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* 高伟(GAO Wei),E-mail:
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高翔(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:火龙果根际营养及根际调控。

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Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2011, 91(13): 2322-2328., articleTitle=Impacts of phosphorus and zinc levels on phosphorus and zinc nutrition and phytic acid concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277241995282219160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, awardId=321RC459, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目“火龙果磷高效利用的根系形态与生理过程研究”(321RC459), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277241995353522329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, awardId=32202586, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32202586), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277241995429019802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, awardId=Hnjg2022-6, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省教育教学改革研究项目“新农科背景下产学研用、校企合作协同育人模式的探索与实践”(Hnjg2022-6), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277241982195990622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241982204379231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, companyId=1277241982195990622, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241982208573536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, companyId=1277241982195990622, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277241994116202634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Aboveground biomass and phosphorus accumulation of pitaya under different phosphorus levels, figureFileSmall=WT7wTquhOwCp78Lf65r3rQ==, figureFileBig=8gozFiU/hiyaLVYnj9z2GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994187505803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同磷水平下的火龙果地上部生物量和磷积累量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=WT7wTquhOwCp78Lf65r3rQ==, figureFileBig=8gozFiU/hiyaLVYnj9z2GA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994309140620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Phosphorus uptake concentration of pitaya under different phosphorus treatments, figureFileSmall=5CmRXg9CmR4EIEBooL5SuA==, figureFileBig=+EZCDfMuYPO/CNT+QwWXGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994367860877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同磷水平下的火龙果枝条磷吸收浓度

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=5CmRXg9CmR4EIEBooL5SuA==, figureFileBig=+EZCDfMuYPO/CNT+QwWXGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994434969742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Correlation of nutrient elements in aboveground part of pitaya under different phosphorus treatments, figureFileSmall=+jA1+dSmPyqh6YVB9m5L/w==, figureFileBig=kgy3RU3nENaggDcsFA3vdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994497884303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同磷水平下的火龙果地上部营养元素相关性

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**、***表示极显著相关(P<0.01、P<0.001)。

, figureFileSmall=+jA1+dSmPyqh6YVB9m5L/w==, figureFileBig=kgy3RU3nENaggDcsFA3vdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994577576080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Root morphology of pitaya under different phosphorus levels, figureFileSmall=KHnJb8jzxfx5KZ7aDpm+gQ==, figureFileBig=jkgHXk8yzp8Mx0dYHVKP8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994653073553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同磷水平下的火龙果根系形态

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=KHnJb8jzxfx5KZ7aDpm+gQ==, figureFileBig=jkgHXk8yzp8Mx0dYHVKP8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994736959634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Different diameter root length under different phosphorus levels, figureFileSmall=Hy6tgIcHpmB0OkH60t2ZbQ==, figureFileBig=AqZJiHSuVNwU8JJ95kCt3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241994837622931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同磷水平下的火龙果各级根长

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=TBN6R5Pg0k8LrxtGIrDS2w==, figureFileBig=i78oTYW3A/I84bP2gDQXCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241995055726742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Nutrient absorption concentration in upper part of pitaya different phosphorus treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
枝条类型Branch type处理Treatment养分浓度Nutrient concentration
N/(g·kg-1)K/(g·kg-1)Ca/(g·kg-1)Mg/(g·kg-1)Fe/(mg·kg-1)Zn/(mg·kg-1)
母枝CK21.5±1.17a61.6±5.51a54.7±2.13bc6.02±0.62a147±3.73a48.0±4.82a
T123.6±1.50a56.3±1.85a53.1±1.08c6.43±0.26a141±4.04a49.1±3.80a
T222.2±1.17a52.5±6.18a60.8±2.40ab5.89±0.13a113±7.08b54.1±3.56a
T320.8±1.27a50.6±6.20a62.3±2.30a5.59±0.31a94.0±7.45bc52.3±9.14a
T423.0±0.92a52.2±3.45a58.4±1.51abc5.83±0.68a88.7±4.00c53.8±3.74a
一级侧枝CK26.5±1.36a98.6±8.87a52.4±1.11a5.63±0.55a176±3.11a42.8±1.39a
T127.9±1.38a85.1±14.2a50.8±2.64a5.55±0.10a154±6.43b39.9±2.55a
T227.0±1.32a98.5±15.7a49.9±1.13a5.89±0.33a138±4.57b45.8±4.80a
T323.7±1.96a75.2±9.64a48.0±1.14a5.05±0.49a114±6.84c39.2±4.51a
T427.8±1.54a95.9±8.93a50.4±2.80a5.57±0.15a110±5.39c48.3±1.69a
二级侧枝CK15.6±1.25a85.6±9.30a46.8±1.49a6.10±0.10a131±7.8ab52.1±1.8a
T115.1±0.39a87.1±18.9a47.9±0.22a5.90±0.05a135±11.3ab38.7±4.2b
T212.8±0.56ab97.1±22.8a42.4±1.07b4.90±0.14b109±3.9b41.7±3.2b
T311.5±0.17b65.8±12.8a42.6±0.31b4.58±0.21b149±15.9a27.2±2.9c
T411.8±0.56b62.1±4.73a41.0±0.47b4.53±0.28b125±10.9ab29.7±2.8c
), ArticleFig(id=1277241995135418519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190586260550031, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同磷水平下的火龙果地上部养分吸收浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
枝条类型Branch type处理Treatment养分浓度Nutrient concentration
N/(g·kg-1)K/(g·kg-1)Ca/(g·kg-1)Mg/(g·kg-1)Fe/(mg·kg-1)Zn/(mg·kg-1)
母枝CK21.5±1.17a61.6±5.51a54.7±2.13bc6.02±0.62a147±3.73a48.0±4.82a
T123.6±1.50a56.3±1.85a53.1±1.08c6.43±0.26a141±4.04a49.1±3.80a
T222.2±1.17a52.5±6.18a60.8±2.40ab5.89±0.13a113±7.08b54.1±3.56a
T320.8±1.27a50.6±6.20a62.3±2.30a5.59±0.31a94.0±7.45bc52.3±9.14a
T423.0±0.92a52.2±3.45a58.4±1.51abc5.83±0.68a88.7±4.00c53.8±3.74a
一级侧枝CK26.5±1.36a98.6±8.87a52.4±1.11a5.63±0.55a176±3.11a42.8±1.39a
T127.9±1.38a85.1±14.2a50.8±2.64a5.55±0.10a154±6.43b39.9±2.55a
T227.0±1.32a98.5±15.7a49.9±1.13a5.89±0.33a138±4.57b45.8±4.80a
T323.7±1.96a75.2±9.64a48.0±1.14a5.05±0.49a114±6.84c39.2±4.51a
T427.8±1.54a95.9±8.93a50.4±2.80a5.57±0.15a110±5.39c48.3±1.69a
二级侧枝CK15.6±1.25a85.6±9.30a46.8±1.49a6.10±0.10a131±7.8ab52.1±1.8a
T115.1±0.39a87.1±18.9a47.9±0.22a5.90±0.05a135±11.3ab38.7±4.2b
T212.8±0.56ab97.1±22.8a42.4±1.07b4.90±0.14b109±3.9b41.7±3.2b
T311.5±0.17b65.8±12.8a42.6±0.31b4.58±0.21b149±15.9a27.2±2.9c
T411.8±0.56b62.1±4.73a41.0±0.47b4.53±0.28b125±10.9ab29.7±2.8c
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水培条件下火龙果根系形态和生理过程对供磷水平的响应
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高翔 , 杨永志 , 李娟 , 陈思如 , 阮云泽 , 高伟 *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(5): 944-954
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (5) : 944 -954
水培条件下火龙果根系形态和生理过程对供磷水平的响应
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高翔(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:火龙果根际营养及根际调控。

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高翔, 杨永志, 李娟, 陈思如, 阮云泽, 高伟*
作者信息
  • 海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 高伟(GAO Wei),E-mail:
Response of Root Morphology and Physiological Process of Pitaya [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. et Rose] to Phosphorus Supply Level under Hydroponic Conditions
Xiang GAO, Yongzhi YANG, Juan LI, Siru CHEN, Yunze RUAN, Wei GAO*
Affiliations
  • College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.009
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磷是作物生长必需的大量元素,参与体内重要生理生化过程。火龙果是热带、亚热带地区重要经济作物,高额的果实磷含量和巨大的产量使得火龙果对磷的需求量极高。然而,火龙果磷吸收特性以及根系形态和生理过程与磷高效吸收之间有何关系尚不清楚。本研究以国内主要火龙果品种软枝大红为研究对象,采用水培实验,设定0、0.01、0.1、0.5、1.0 mmol/L共5个不同磷浓度梯度,探究不同施磷浓度下火龙果根系形态和生理过程的变化,分析地上部磷以及其他营养元素的含量,阐明磷高效利用的根系形态和生理过程机制以及供磷对火龙果其他营养元素吸收的影响规律。研究结果表明,与对照相比,供磷并未影响火龙果地上部生物量的积累。火龙果枝条磷吸收量及磷浓度随着供磷浓度的升高而增大。0.1 mmol/L处理的总根长以及直径≤0.05 mm的细根数量显著高于其他处理;1.0 mmol/L处理的总根长中直径≥2 mm的粗根数量高于其他处理。0.01 mmol/L处理总有机酸含量最高,根系阳离子交换量(cation exchange capacity)含量较高;与对照相比,1.0 mmol/L处理下有机酸分泌速率降低,根系阳离子交换量(CEC)含量下降。其他营养元素吸收方面,母枝及一级侧枝中,铁元素的吸收浓度表现出随着施磷浓度的升高逐渐下降。二级侧枝中氮、钙、镁、锰、锌等元素均随着施磷浓度的升高逐渐下降,呈显著负相关关系。本研究表明,适度供磷(0.01 mmol/L或0.1 mmol/L)能够促进火龙果根系生长以及根系有机酸分泌和离子吸收能力,而过量供磷(1.0 mmol/L)会显著抑制火龙果根系生长,同时显著降低地上部枝条中、微量元素的吸收。因此合理施用磷肥,对火龙果自身发挥根系生物学潜力,为植株中、微量元素营养均衡起到关键作用。

磷  /  火龙果  /  根系形态  /  根系生理  /  养分吸收

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macro-element for crop growth and is involved in critical physiological and biochemical processes in plants. Pitaya is an important economic crop in tropical and subtropical regions. High fruit P concentration and huge yield require high P demand for pitaya growth. However, the P absorption characteristics of pitaya and the relationship of root morpho-physiological processes and P uptake are still unclear. In this study, pitaya variety Soft Dahong, which is the most popular cultivar in China, was used. Five P gradients of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L were set by hydroponic experiment to explore the changes of root morphology and physiological process of pitaya under different P application rates. At the same time, the content of phosphorus and other nutrient elements in the aboveground part were analyzed to clarify the mechanism of root morphological and physiological traits for efficient P use and the effect of P supply on other nutrients uptake in pitaya. The results showed that compared with no P, P fertilizer application did not affect the accumulation of aboveground biomass. P uptake and P concentration of shoot increased with the P application rates. The total root length and the number of fine roots with diameter≤0.05 mm in low P treatment (0.1 mmol/L) were significantly higher than those of other treatments. High P supply inhibited root growth, showing that the total root length was the shortest, and the number of coarse roots with diameter≥2 mm was higher than that of other treatments. Low P (0.01 mmol/L) treatment had the highest total organic acid content and higher root CEC content. Compared with no P, the organic acid secretion rate and root CEC content decreased under high P supply (1.0 mmol/L). In terms of the absorption of other nutrient elements, the absorption concentration of iron in the mother branch and the primary branch decreased gradually with the increase of P rate. The contents of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc in the second order branches decreased gradually with the increase of P rate, showing a significant negative correlation. This study showed that low P and moderate P supply (0.01 mmol/L or 0.1 mmol/L) could promote root growth, root organic acid secretion and ion absorption capacity of pitaya, while excessive P supply (1.0 mmol/L) significantly inhibited root growth and significantly reduced the absorption of trace elements accumulation in shoots. Therefore, rational application of P fertilizer is of great significance for pitaya to maximize its root biological potential and improve the P use efficiency, and also plays a key role in the balance of trace elements uptake in plants.

phosphorus  /  Pitaya [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. et Rose]  /  root morphology  /  root physiology  /  nutrient absorption
高翔, 杨永志, 李娟, 陈思如, 阮云泽, 高伟. 水培条件下火龙果根系形态和生理过程对供磷水平的响应. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 944 -954 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.009
Xiang GAO, Yongzhi YANG, Juan LI, Siru CHEN, Yunze RUAN, Wei GAO. Response of Root Morphology and Physiological Process of Pitaya [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. et Rose] to Phosphorus Supply Level under Hydroponic Conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 944 -954 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.009
磷是植物必不可少的大量营养元素,其在植物体内参与光合作用、呼吸作用、能量储存和传递、细胞分裂等重要生理过程[1]。在以高产为目标的现代种植系统中,农民为保证作物充足的磷供应,往往通过大量施用化学磷肥而保证作物磷营养。然而,植物营养元素之间存在一定的相互作用。众多研究表明,过量的磷吸收可能抑制作物对锌、铁等微量元素的吸收[2-3]。同时,大量吸收的磷会以植酸态磷的形式储存在植物的果实和种子中,难以被动物和人体吸收利用,一定程度上是对磷资源的浪费。此外,磷是不可再生资源,全球磷资源储量有限。因此,合理施用磷肥,不仅能够最大化磷资源的利用效率,也能减少植酸等无效磷的累积并增加锌和铁含量,提高作物的品质和营养价值[4]
土壤中全磷含量一般较为丰富,介于0.2~ 5.0 g/kg之间,然而绝大部分磷都是有机态,难以被植物吸收利用。同时一些无机磷容易被铁铝氧化物、碳酸钙和粘土矿物等吸附,造成土壤中能被植物吸收的磷含量很低[5]。针对上述情况,植物通过改变根系形态,有效地探索和活化土壤磷资源,提高自身磷营养[6-7]。PEREIRA等[8]在对辣椒进行磷利用效率等方面的试验中发现,磷胁迫情况下,根系总长度增加、根冠比提高、细根占根系长度的比例增加,同时降低了根系平均直径。DING等[9]研究发现细根和磷效率之间呈正相关关系,表明许多植物根系通过调节直径的大小表现出对环境的适应[10]。除了根系的粗细之外,一、二级根系的生长也是根系在磷胁迫时会主动调整的方向之一。同时,植物为了对磷素的“觅食”达到高效,也会改变根际土壤的化学性质[11-12]。例如,小麦野生型和大豆低磷条件下分泌大量的质子,降低根际的酸碱度,同时分泌柠檬酸根和苹果酸根等有机酸阴离子,从而促进磷的活化,最终提高植物的磷吸收[13-14]。因此,根系分泌物被认为是提高作物磷资源利用效率的重要途径[15]
火龙果是仙人掌科量天尺属或蛇鞭柱属植物,其外形奇特、风味独特、营养丰富,富含维生素和水溶性膳食纤维,其特有的植物性白蛋白与甜菜红素具有良好的保健功效。已有研究表明,火龙果果实中磷浓度显著高于其他常见水果,可达350 g/kg[16-17]。同时,火龙果生产中,鲜果667 m2平均产量能达到5000 kg,高额的产量和果实的高磷含量要求根系从土壤中获取大量磷资源。然而,国内外关于火龙果根系磷吸收利用的相关研究依然匮乏,对火龙果响应供磷水平的根系形态结构特性和生理过程缺乏系统性的研究。另一方面,生产中高磷条件下,是否会因为磷过量吸收,抑制火龙果对其他中、微量元素的吸收尚不清楚。因此,探究火龙果根系形态和生理过程对磷响应的作用机制,对实现火龙果高效利用磷以及平衡作物营养吸收具有重要的理论和实践意义。
本研究采用营养液水培的方式,设定不同供磷水平,通过测定火龙果根系形态及根系分泌物、根系阳离子交换量等指标,探究火龙果根系形态和生理过程等根系生物学特性对不同梯度磷水平的响应特征。同时分析供磷水平与其他中、微量元素吸收之间的相互关系,为生产中提出合理的磷资源管理途径提供理论依据。
本试验于2021年11月在海南大学实验站进行,试验地位于海南省海口市北部,典型的三角洲岛屿,属于热带岛屿季风性气候,年平均气温24.3 ℃,全年平均日照时数在2000 h以上。试验期间,昼夜温度约为28 ℃/22 ℃,光照采用自然光。试验为水培试验,营养液为改良型1/2强度的Hoagland溶液[18],具体配方如下:1.75 mmol/L(NH42SO4,3.50 mmol/L KNO3,1.25 mmol/L K2SO4,2.50 mmol/L CaCl2,1.00 mmol/L MgSO4·7H2O,0.035 mmol/L Fe-EDTA,0.05 mmol/L H3BO3,0.01 mmol/L MnSO4,0.0008 mmol/L ZnSO4·7H2O,0.0002 mmol/L CuSO4·5H2O,0.0021 mmol/L NaMoO3·2H2O,0.0048 mmol/L KI。火龙果生产中使用无性繁殖枝条扦插的方式种植,试验使用的火龙果母枝为海南诺普信东河火龙果基地提供的大红二号枝条。
供试植株用双氧水进行杀菌后,移植于1/2强度改良型Hoagland营养液中进行前期培养,待植株生长状况稳定,挑选相似长度和相似重量的枝条,每个水培罐移植1株。试验设5个磷水平浓度处理:(1)CK(0 mmol/L);(2)T1(0.01 mmol/L);(3)T2(0.10 mmol/L);(4)T3(0.50 mmol/L);(5)T4(1.00 mmol/L)[19]。试验为随机区组设计,每个处理重复5次。试验采用的磷源为磷酸二氢钾,溶液中的其他基本元素在不同磷处理下保持完全相同,钾离子用KCl补齐,酸碱度调节至pH=6.5,水培罐中溶液每5 d更新1次,并24 h不间断通气。
(1)地上部生物量测定。火龙果幼苗定植180 d后,于2022年4月收获。收获时沿茎基部剪下地上部,在105 ℃下杀青30 min后80 ℃烘干至恒重,随后称量地上部干重。
(2)营养元素测定。烘干样品粉碎后经H2SO4-H2O2消煮,氮、磷、钾含量分别用奈氏试剂比色法、钼锑抗比色法、火焰光度法。其他营养元素测定方法采用原子吸收分光光度法,具体操作步骤参照鲍士旦《土壤农化分析》[20]
(3)根系形态指标测定。根系样品用去离子水冲洗干净,置于50%的酒精溶液中,以防止根系变形。随后置于4 ℃冰箱保存用于根系形态的分析。根系用平板扫描仪进行扫描(Epson Expression V800),分辨率设为400 dpi。所有图片用WinRHIZO软件(Regent Instruments Inc.,Quebec,QC,Canada)进行分析,获取根系长度、根表面积、根系直径等参数[21]
(4)根系有机酸测定。根系分泌物收集步骤:上午10:00(光期开始后2 h)开始收集;即将植株从培养溶液中取出,根系在无菌水中洗涤3次。控制环境条件与培养试验相同的情况下,将根系转至通气、盛有500 mL无菌去离子水的非透明容器中,使整个火龙果根部完全淹没于无菌去离子水中。容器上覆盖着铝箔,为根系创造黑暗的条件。当收集1 h后轻轻转动根系1次,收集2 h后,将根放回培养容器中,将分泌物溶液摇匀后过滤。迅速放入-20 ℃冰箱冷冻,保存至测定时解冻[22]。有机酸用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)进行测定。溶液在0.45 µm下进行过滤灭菌。采用高效液相色谱系统(Waters)(安捷伦1100,美国)。色谱条件如下:250 mm×4.6 mm(5 µm粒径)C18反相柱,流动相:0.1%磷酸去离子水和乙腈98∶2(V/V),检测器波长:214 nm,流速:1 mL/min,注入量:20 μL,柱温度:35 ℃[23]
(5)根系阳离子交换量(CEC)。准确称取0.1000 g(双子叶植物)样品放入250 mL的烧杯中并加几滴蒸馏水使其湿润,防止加入HCl后样品飘浮,影响测定结果。待样品完全湿润后,加入20 mL 0.1 mol/L HCl搅拌5 min至沉降,将上清液通过铺有慢速定量滤纸的漏斗除去,将样品留在烧杯中,用蒸馏水多次洗涤样品,并移于漏斗上,继续用蒸馏水洗至无Cl-为止(用AgNO3检验,一般需用蒸馏水约300 mL)即为H+根,同时做空白。将洗好的样品连同漏斗移至250 mL烧杯中将滤纸戳穿,用200 mL 1 mol/L KCl将全部样品洗入烧杯中。洗毕,把烧杯放至磁力搅拌器(或用玻璃棒)不断搅拌,往装有KCl悬浊液的烧杯中滴入中性红-溴百里酚蓝混合指示剂10滴,后用0.01 mol/L KOH滴定溶液颜色至蓝绿色,同时对空白进行滴定。根据以下公式进行计算[24]
式中,C为KOH滴定液的摩尔浓度;V为KOH滴定后的体积(mL);V0为KOH滴定前的初始体积(mL);m为称取根系样品的质量(g);100为换算系数。
采用Excel 2021软件进行数据处理,不同磷梯度水平处理间地上部生物量、营养元素吸收、根系形态和生理特性均使用SPSS 26.0软件进行单因素方差分析,不同处理间的差异采用Turkey多重比较,利用Origin 9.0和R4.0软件绘制图表。
整体趋势上,相较于CK处理,供磷后火龙果的地上部生物量并未增加,各处理之间地上部生物量差异不显著(图1A)。随着供磷浓度的提升,火龙果磷的积累量呈现逐渐增加的趋势,增幅在64.7%~390%之间;T4处理累积量最高,为224 g/株,除T1处理外的其他处理均与对照之间差异显著(图1B)。
火龙果母枝磷浓度随着磷水平浓度的增加而增加,T3、T4处理相比CK均差异显著(P<0.05;图2A)。随着火龙果侧枝生长,一级侧枝较母枝的磷浓度在T3和T4处理浓度下分别平均增加21.03%和9.89%(图2B)。当供磷浓度在T2处理时二级侧枝磷吸收浓度升高,T3和T4处理的吸收浓度未出现显著降低(图2C)。
不同处理对母枝、一级侧枝氮素吸收影响差异不显著。二级侧枝中,与对照和T1相比,T3、T4处理对枝条氮浓度影响差异显著(P<0.05;表1),T3处理下火龙果枝条氮浓度表现为最低,显著低于CK、T1和T2处理。不同施磷浓度下,钾吸收浓度在各部位枝条中差异均不显著,整体来看一级侧枝的钾吸收浓度较高。母枝的钙元素吸收浓度整体上大于一级侧枝和二级侧枝。母枝部位的T1与T3处理之间,钙元素吸收浓度差异显著(P<0.05),T3处理相较于T1处理钙元素吸收浓度增长17.3%。不同施磷浓度下,镁元素在母枝和一级侧枝部位的吸收浓度差异不显著。相较于CK,T3和T4处理的镁吸收浓度在二级侧枝处降低了26.2%,差异显著(P<0.05)。不同施磷浓度下,铁元素吸收浓度在各部位枝条中均差异显著(P<0.05);在母枝及一级侧枝中,铁吸收浓度表现为随着施磷浓度的升高呈逐渐下降的趋势。相比CK处理,T4处理在母枝及一级侧枝中铁吸收浓度分别降低了39.7%、37.4%。在二级侧枝部位,T3处理的铁浓度最大,为149 mg/kg;最低出现在T2处理供磷水平,为109 mg/kg。锌元素吸收浓度在母枝与一级侧枝处均差异不显著,一级侧枝部位的锌元素吸收浓度整体低于母枝,降幅为16.0%。不同处理对锌元素吸收浓度的显著差异出现在二级侧枝部位(P<0.05)。CK处理的锌元素吸收浓度最高,随着磷浓度的升高,锌元素吸收浓度均有不同程度的下降,在T3处理达到最低,较CK下降47.8%。
通过分析火龙果地上部各营养元素之间的相关性并绘制热图,结果发现在母枝部位钙元素吸收浓度与磷素吸收浓度呈现极强的正相关性。铁元素在母枝和一级侧枝部位与磷素呈现出极强的负相关性;二级侧枝中,包括氮、钙、镁、锰、锌在内的5种营养元素均与供磷水平呈现极强的负相关性(图3)。
根系生长随着磷浓度的提高,整体呈现先增后减的变化趋势。在T1处理下,火龙果总根长为3196 cm,对比CK处理增长了46.6%,T4处理总根长最短,为1732 cm,各处理间存在不同程度的差异(P<0.05;图4A)。总根表面积中,同样出现先增后减的趋势(图4B)。T3处理与T4处理相比CK处理分别降低了28.3%和29.6%。T1处理对比其他各处理明显增加了总根系表面积,平均增长幅度为37.5%。通过将根系总长度按根系直径大小进一步分级发现:≤0.5、0.5~≤1.0 mm根系直径分级处,T1处理的根长最大,相较于未施磷处理分别增长了47.1%、61.7%,T4处理中≤0.5 mm的细根为919 cm,对比T1处理显著降低59.2%(P<0.05;图5)。
图6所示,T1处理显著增加了总有机酸含量,比未施磷处理增幅25.3%,与各处理之间对比差异显著(P<0.05;图6A)。根系CEC随着磷浓度的梯度性升高而提高,最高根系阳离子交换量出现在T1处理。随后,随着供磷水平的提高,根系阳离子交换量随之下降,到T4处理时,表现为最低(图6B)。
根系生长发育的好坏,一方面来源于作物自身的生物遗传特性,另一方面来自外部环境变化[25]。大量研究结果表明,植物对磷吸收的多少与根系形态有密切关系,同时受环境磷水平高低的影响根系生长也会做出相应调控[26-27]。PEDRO等[28]通过对小麦生物量、根系形态、酸性磷酸酶活性研究发现,低磷情况下小麦根系表现出更长、更大、更多分枝和直径更细等特征。DING等[29]在研究缺磷条件下水稻根系生长特性研究时发现,在低磷环境中,水稻的根生长加强,总长度增加,磷捕获能力随之提高,并最终变现为地上部生物量的提高。FERNANDEZ等[30]在评估大豆、向日葵和玉米对磷的吸收效率差异中,3种植物在低磷环境下均表现出更高的根冠比、比根长、根孔隙度和根通气组织,以及更低的根密度。
本研究中,T1处理增加了火龙果的总根长、总根系表面积,与上述小麦、水稻、大豆、向日葵等作物的研究结果[28-30]一致。火龙果方面,陈晨等[31]在土壤栽培条件下发现,供磷水平为0、25、50、100、200 mg/kg条件时,根系在25 mg/kg和50 mg/kg供磷水平下根长和根表面积达到最大,这与本研究T2处理下根系生长达到最高水平相类似。与粗根相比,细根可以有效地增加根系的比表面积(即单位根重下的根系表面积),提高土壤中养分和水分的吸收,在形成和维持生理功能方面投入的C较少,而粗根(常常木质化)投入的C则相对较多[32]。T4处理下火龙果降低了总根长、总根表面积,经过根系直径等级细分后发现粗根数量有明显的提升。
REICHERT等[33]研究人员认为,中到高磷浓度环境中,植物群落主要集中于通过根系和丛枝菌根的磷获取策略,而在中到低磷浓度环境中,则转向通过磷酸酶和有机酸优先考虑磷的再吸收和挖掘策略。有研究发现,根系在低磷胁迫的条件下会导致根系分泌较多的有机酸使根际周围难溶性的磷得到活化并最终被根系所吸收[34]。例如,玉米在低磷环境下促进根系柠檬酸分泌增加,生长介质pH降低提高磷捕获效率[35]。蚕豆、鹰嘴豆等豆科植物通过根系生理过程的变化,分泌质子、有机酸阴离子和酸性磷酸酶以活化土壤中被固定的难以被根系直接吸收利用的无机磷和有机磷[36]。本研究中,根系分泌物数量明显增大是火龙果对低浓度磷的根际环境的响应,也是火龙果高效利用环境磷素的生理基础。根的阳离子交换量(CEC)是单位数量根吸附的阳离子的物质的量,是一个反映根系的养分吸收能力的重要指标[37]。根系CEC的高低直接关系到植物根系对土壤中阳离子的吸收,根系CEC大,根系吸收土壤中的阳离子就多,同时间接性提高磷酸根离子的储存,促进了磷酸根离子的吸收[38]。根系CEC的多少直接影响植物对营养元素的吸收能力,根系CEC大则植物通过根系吸收土壤中的营养元素就多[39]。本试验中各供磷水平处理所表现的根系CEC含量整体在20~35 cmol/kg之间,依据《常见作物CEC及吸收能力》[37],低于20 cmol/kg为吸收能力弱,20~35 cmol/kg为中等吸收能力,高于35 cmol/kg为强吸收能力的划分标准来看,火龙果属于中等吸收能力,然而T4处理下,根系CEC含量显著低于T1、T2和T3处理,表明根系的养分吸收能力受到了一定程度的抑制。
火龙果的磷营养方面,整体表现为:随着供磷水平的提高,地上部母枝、一级侧枝和二级侧枝的磷浓度均呈上升趋势,当供磷水平达到0.1 mmol/L时,母枝、二级侧枝的磷浓度达到峰值水平,与更高强度供磷条件下枝条的磷浓度无显著差异。一级侧枝在T2处理磷浓度低于T4处理,可能是由于磷在植物体内是可移动元素,优先保障养分向新生枝条的转移。
已有研究表明,磷肥过多会导致作物呼吸作用过于旺盛,造成繁殖器官提前发育引起作物过早成熟,此时作物干物质的消耗大于积累,氮素吸收减少消耗增加。因此,过量供磷不利于氮的吸收[40]。苗晓茸等[41]在探讨滴灌条件下不同氮磷互作模式对绿洲区滴灌苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响中指出,过量的施磷可能会抑制紫花苜蓿对氮素的吸收和利用,从而增加苜蓿中的纤维含量,降低粗蛋白质含量。张清云等[42]在研究人工栽培甘草的最优混合施肥试验中发现,同一施氮水平下,当磷过量时产量转呈下降趋势。本研究中,随着供磷水平的提高,火龙果新生的二级枝条氮浓度显著降低。供磷量大于T4处理对火龙果的氮素营养产生显著的负面作用。
本研究表明,铁元素在母枝和一级侧枝部位与磷素呈现负相关性。前人研究发现,磷-铁之间存在显著的拮抗作用,磷含量过高,可利用的铁含量低,易造成作物缺铁及低产双重风险[43]。QI等[44]发现大量的磷遇到铁和铝基氧化物会成为具有低溶解性、固定作用的稳定态。而低磷情况下,有研究结果表明植株会提高对铁的吸收[45]。GUO等[46]的研究亦发现磷养分信号中心调控因子PHRs和铁养分信号核心调控因子HRZs共同介导了磷-铁信号的互作过程,磷养分匮乏时,低磷胁迫通过PHRs间接抑制HRZs的转录,导致磷饥饿响应相关基因大量激活,促进了铁养分从地下向地上部的转移;反之,磷的过量积累时则严重抑制铁在植物体内的有效转移。
火龙果的钙营养状况也显著收到供磷水平的影响。一级侧枝和二级侧枝各营养元素之间的相关性分析结果表明,磷浓度与钙浓度在母枝和一级枝条中呈现显著正相关,而与新生的二级枝条呈现显著的负相关。磷与钙之间存在复杂的交互作用,不同作物体内磷钙交互作用存在差异[47]。番茄幼苗、生菜及稻米三者体内的磷与钙之间存在拮抗作用[48-49],而索炎炎等[50]探究了外源磷钙肥配施对花生生长、产量和磷钙吸收利用的影响,发现花生对磷、钙吸收存在协同效应。本研究中磷和钙的关系在老枝与新枝中表现不同,可能与钙在植物体内移动性差有关,但是具体的机制还不清楚,有待进一步探究。
磷和镁对植物生长发育都有很大的影响。镁是植物叶绿素的中心原子,调控植物光合作用,参与大部分酶的激活过程,维持植物组织结构的稳定[51],过量的磷导致镁元素吸收受到干扰[52]。随着施磷剂量的提高,火龙果植株体内镁含量出现了先增加后降低的趋势[53]。研究还表明,镁-磷互作通过AUX1、PIN2、PIN3的信号途径影响根的生长和方向性,通过生长素的再分配和累积,加速了细胞延展和根偏向性,进而调节主根的伸长和定向生长[54]。低镁高磷环境下,将导致拟南芥初生根的生长偏离垂直方向[55]。因此,包括氮、钙、镁、锰、锌在内的5种营养元素均与磷元素吸收浓度呈现显著的负相关性。
目前,磷-锌拮抗作用机制的说法多样且复杂,拮抗作用主要分为在土壤中和在植物体内2个过程[56]。有研究表明,随着施磷量的增加,玉米籽粒中锌、铁和酚类物质的含量显著降低[2],高磷条件下单位根干重吸锌量减少,说明根系对锌的吸收受供磷的影响[57],也会抑制根对锌的吸收[58]
综上,尽管供磷水平对植株地上部的生长没有产生显著影响,即未影响到干物质量的积累。但T4处理显著抑制了火龙果植株铁、锌、钙等元素的吸收,可能造成对果实品质的影响。因此,火龙果生产基地对于磷肥的运筹,基于“量入为出”的原则下进行适度削减。
本研究仅对火龙果苗期枝条生长和养分积累做了相关研究,供磷水平对果实磷吸收、产量以及中、微量元素含量和品质的影响尚不清楚,有待进一步加强。
不同磷水平处理对火龙果植株的养分吸收量、根系形态、生理过程存在明显的剂量效应,即:T1处理条件下,火龙果根系总根长、根表面积、有机酸和根系阳离子交换能力提高,T2处理表现出根系直径更粗,阳离子吸附能力更强的趋势。
不同磷水平处理的火龙果地上部磷积累量及各部位枝条的磷吸收浓度均高于未施磷处理;另一方面,随着磷浓度增加,火龙果对磷的吸收量没有发生显著变化;T3处理和T4处理对火龙果生长积累影响不显著,且对氮、钙、镁、铁、锌等营养元素的吸收出现了抑制现象,容易对火龙果后续的生长发育造成中、微量元素营养不良的影响。
  • 海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目“火龙果磷高效利用的根系形态与生理过程研究”(321RC459)
  • 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32202586)
  • 海南省教育教学改革研究项目“新农科背景下产学研用、校企合作协同育人模式的探索与实践”(Hnjg2022-6)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.009
  • 接收时间:2022-09-02
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-02
  • 修回日期:2022-12-05
基金
海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目“火龙果磷高效利用的根系形态与生理过程研究”(321RC459)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32202586)
海南省教育教学改革研究项目“新农科背景下产学研用、校企合作协同育人模式的探索与实践”(Hnjg2022-6)
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    海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口 570228

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* 高伟(GAO Wei),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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