Article(id=1276190544187490523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1668528000000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-16, revisedDate=1680192000000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782197136208, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782197136208, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782197136208, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782197136208, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276190518317023323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='873', pageEnd='1093', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1716566400000', pubDateStr='2024-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782197130040, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782197317472, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276191304694493588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276190518317023323, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=936, endPage=943, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276190544443343069, articleId=1276190544187490523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Isolation and Identification of a Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Its Growth Promoting Characteristics in Different Banana Varieties, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A nitrogen fixing bacteria strain named BWLY3X-6 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of wild banana (Musa nana Lour. sp) in Hainan, China using Ashby nitrogen free medium, and .its morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA and gyrB sequence analysis, nitrogen fixation characteristics and growth promoting ability to different banana varieties were studied. The strain was identified as an azotobacter Klebsiella variicola, and its extracellular ammonia nitrogen content was (17.98±1.88)μg/mL, nitrogenase activity was (220.51±8.21) ng/L. The results of the growth promoting test of the strain on different banana varieties showed that, compared with the blank control and 0.5% urea treatment, after inoculation with BWLY3X-6, under the inoculation concentration of 106 CFU/mL and 108 CFU/mL, there were significant changes in various biomass of M. acuminata AAA Cavendish cv. Nantianhuang and M. acuminata AAA Cavendish cv. Baxi (P<0.05), with more significant changes in root length, with the increase ratio of 43.5% and 54.6% respectively. In this study, nitrogen fixing bacteria with good nitrogen fixing ability were screened, and this strain had a good promoting effect on banana growth, wihich would provide a theoretical basis for its subsequent practical application in agricultural production.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yunlong XU, You ZHOU, Jun WANG, Lijia GUO, Junsheng HUANG, Laying YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Laying YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276190545785520363, articleId=1276190544187490523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=一株自生固氮菌的分离鉴定及其对不同品种香蕉的促生特性, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了筛选获得香蕉根际土壤中的高效固氮菌,本研究利用Ashby无氮培养基从海南省霸王岭野生香蕉(Musa nana Lour. sp)根际土壤中分离了一株固氮菌,并命名为BWLY3X-6,对其进行形态特征、生理生化、16S rRNA和gyrB序列分析、固氮特性及对不同香蕉品种的促生能力研究。结果表明:经鉴定,菌株BWLY3X-6属于固氮菌Klebsiella variicola,其胞外分泌氨态氮含量为(17.98±1.88)μg/mL,固氮酶活性为(220.51±8.21)ng/L;菌株对不同香蕉品种的促生长试验结果表明,与空白对照和0.5%尿素处理相比,在BWLY3X-6菌体106 CFU/mL与108 CFU/mL浓度下,南天黄与巴西蕉的各项生物量均有显著变化(P<0.05),其中根长变化量更加明显,分别增加43.5%和54.6%。本研究筛选获得了具有良好固氮能力的固氮菌,且该菌株对香蕉具有良好的促生作用,为其后续在农业生产中的实际应用提供理论基础。

, authors=

徐云龙(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源研究与利用。

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* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
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徐云龙(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源研究与利用。

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徐云龙(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源研究与利用。

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Isolation and growth promoting characteristics of highly effective endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria from Cenxi medicinal wild rice[J]. Microbiology Bulletin, 2015, 42(8): 1482-1491. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Isolation and growth promoting characteristics of highly effective endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria from Cenxi medicinal wild rice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277242014232080641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=56, issue=1, pageStart=58, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=44, authorNames=LIN B, LIU J, LV Z, LUO M, LIN Z, journalName=Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN B, LIU J, LV Z, LUO M, LIN Z. Preparation and properties of immobilized particles containing highly efficient nitrogen-fixing Klebsiella variicola GN02 cells isolated from the Pennisetum giganteum z. x. Lin roots[J]. 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M: DL2000 DNA marker; A: 16S rRNA; B: gyrB; C: nifH.

, figureFileSmall=Se8PQCML/HPp9W7VSOKm9Q==, figureFileBig=lnGUP2UcMiiirrctWuZAbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242008150339784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strains based on 16S rRNA, figureFileSmall=zEavcslvqT6H/P7xBYmK+w==, figureFileBig=5JRSacwyhGPgcz0vTWCzsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242008221642953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=CN, label=图5, caption=菌株基于16S rRNA序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=zEavcslvqT6H/P7xBYmK+w==, figureFileBig=5JRSacwyhGPgcz0vTWCzsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242008284557514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Phylogenetic tree of strains based on gyrB sequences, figureFileSmall=yMhfbBFNY5Pwhn34fUDC0Q==, figureFileBig=N2xFeUw4wEImSea52LmJtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242008376832203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=CN, label=图6, caption=菌株基于gyrB序列构建的系统发育树, figureFileSmall=yMhfbBFNY5Pwhn34fUDC0Q==, figureFileBig=N2xFeUw4wEImSea52LmJtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277242008443941068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Establishment of ammonia nitrogen standard curve

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.标准液Standard solutions/μL溶液A Solution A/mL溶液B Solution B/mL无菌水Sterile water/mL氨氮量Ammoniacal nitrogen content/μg
CK0551000
11055900.5
22055801.0
33055701.5
44055602.0
55055502.5
66055403.0
77055303.5
88055204.0
99055104.5
101005505.0
), ArticleFig(id=1277242008536215757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

氨态氮标准曲线的构建

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.标准液Standard solutions/μL溶液A Solution A/mL溶液B Solution B/mL无菌水Sterile water/mL氨氮量Ammoniacal nitrogen content/μg
CK0551000
11055900.5
22055801.0
33055701.5
44055602.0
55055502.5
66055403.0
77055303.5
88055204.0
99055104.5
101005505.0
), ArticleFig(id=1277242008603324622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Biomass of banana variety M. acuminata AAA Cavendish cv. Nantianhuang under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm茎高Stem height/cm茎围Stem girth/cm根长Root length/cm地上部鲜重Aboveground fresh weight/g地下部鲜重Underground fresh weight/g
CK20.36±3.46c8.89±1.17a2.96±0.39b16.29±3.43b9.04±3.54b2.88±0.83ab
104CFU/mL22.42±2.06bc8.92±0.64a2.97±0.23b17.83±2.34b8.84±1.53b2.83±0.82ab
106CFU/mL25.64±3.32a9.53±2.02a3.50±0.67a23.37±5.58a13.23±4.49a3.54±0.88a
108CFU/mL23.62±2.90ab9.25±1.36a2.95±0.32b16.23±2.06b9.39±3.15b2.37±0.58b
0.5%尿素20.43±2.96c9.32±1.03a2.94±0.25b15.19±4.75b8.55±1.77b2.57±0.81b
), ArticleFig(id=1277242008670433487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同处理下香蕉品种南天黄的生物量

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处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm茎高Stem height/cm茎围Stem girth/cm根长Root length/cm地上部鲜重Aboveground fresh weight/g地下部鲜重Underground fresh weight/g
CK20.36±3.46c8.89±1.17a2.96±0.39b16.29±3.43b9.04±3.54b2.88±0.83ab
104CFU/mL22.42±2.06bc8.92±0.64a2.97±0.23b17.83±2.34b8.84±1.53b2.83±0.82ab
106CFU/mL25.64±3.32a9.53±2.02a3.50±0.67a23.37±5.58a13.23±4.49a3.54±0.88a
108CFU/mL23.62±2.90ab9.25±1.36a2.95±0.32b16.23±2.06b9.39±3.15b2.37±0.58b
0.5%尿素20.43±2.96c9.32±1.03a2.94±0.25b15.19±4.75b8.55±1.77b2.57±0.81b
), ArticleFig(id=1277242008741736656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Biomass of banana variety Musa acuminata AAA Cavendish cv. Baxi under different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm茎高Stem height/cm茎围Stem girth/cm根长Root length/cm地上部鲜重Aboveground fresh weight/g地下部鲜重Underground fresh weight/g
CK18.09±2.79c7.86±1.79c2.53±0.38c14.35±3.88bc6.80±3.28b1.34±0.37c
104CFU/mL17.95±2.26c7.92±0.54bc2.31±0.15c17.38±3.38b4.33±0.61c1.25±0.23c
106CFU/mL21.36±2.04b8.30±1.05bc3.03±0.16ab22.19±3.35a7.86±1.38b1.33±0.10c
108CFU/mL24.92±2.87a9.93±0.98a3.25±0.44a15.64±3.08bc11.47±3.36a2.47±0.33a
0.5%尿素23.49±1.65ab9.11±1.19ab2.91±0.28b13.08±2.09c8.85±1.40b1.65±0.34b
), ArticleFig(id=1277242008821428433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同处理下香蕉品种巴西蕉的生物量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm茎高Stem height/cm茎围Stem girth/cm根长Root length/cm地上部鲜重Aboveground fresh weight/g地下部鲜重Underground fresh weight/g
CK18.09±2.79c7.86±1.79c2.53±0.38c14.35±3.88bc6.80±3.28b1.34±0.37c
104CFU/mL17.95±2.26c7.92±0.54bc2.31±0.15c17.38±3.38b4.33±0.61c1.25±0.23c
106CFU/mL21.36±2.04b8.30±1.05bc3.03±0.16ab22.19±3.35a7.86±1.38b1.33±0.10c
108CFU/mL24.92±2.87a9.93±0.98a3.25±0.44a15.64±3.08bc11.47±3.36a2.47±0.33a
0.5%尿素23.49±1.65ab9.11±1.19ab2.91±0.28b13.08±2.09c8.85±1.40b1.65±0.34b
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一株自生固氮菌的分离鉴定及其对不同品种香蕉的促生特性
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徐云龙 1, 2 , 周游 2 , 汪军 2 , 郭立佳 2 , 黄俊生 2 , 杨腊英 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(5): 936-943
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (5) : 936 -943
一株自生固氮菌的分离鉴定及其对不同品种香蕉的促生特性
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of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241992534945942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276190544187490523, companyId=1277241992509780116, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101)])])]
徐云龙1, 2, 周游2, 汪军2, 郭立佳2, 黄俊生2, 杨腊英2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学植物保护学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
Isolation and Identification of a Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Its Growth Promoting Characteristics in Different Banana Varieties
Yunlong XU1, 2, You ZHOU2, Jun WANG2, Lijia GUO2, Junsheng HUANG2, Laying YANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.008
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为了筛选获得香蕉根际土壤中的高效固氮菌,本研究利用Ashby无氮培养基从海南省霸王岭野生香蕉(Musa nana Lour. sp)根际土壤中分离了一株固氮菌,并命名为BWLY3X-6,对其进行形态特征、生理生化、16S rRNA和gyrB序列分析、固氮特性及对不同香蕉品种的促生能力研究。结果表明:经鉴定,菌株BWLY3X-6属于固氮菌Klebsiella variicola,其胞外分泌氨态氮含量为(17.98±1.88)μg/mL,固氮酶活性为(220.51±8.21)ng/L;菌株对不同香蕉品种的促生长试验结果表明,与空白对照和0.5%尿素处理相比,在BWLY3X-6菌体106 CFU/mL与108 CFU/mL浓度下,南天黄与巴西蕉的各项生物量均有显著变化(P<0.05),其中根长变化量更加明显,分别增加43.5%和54.6%。本研究筛选获得了具有良好固氮能力的固氮菌,且该菌株对香蕉具有良好的促生作用,为其后续在农业生产中的实际应用提供理论基础。

Klebsiella variicola  /  胞外氨态氮  /  香蕉  /  促生长作用

A nitrogen fixing bacteria strain named BWLY3X-6 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of wild banana (Musa nana Lour. sp) in Hainan, China using Ashby nitrogen free medium, and .its morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA and gyrB sequence analysis, nitrogen fixation characteristics and growth promoting ability to different banana varieties were studied. The strain was identified as an azotobacter Klebsiella variicola, and its extracellular ammonia nitrogen content was (17.98±1.88)μg/mL, nitrogenase activity was (220.51±8.21) ng/L. The results of the growth promoting test of the strain on different banana varieties showed that, compared with the blank control and 0.5% urea treatment, after inoculation with BWLY3X-6, under the inoculation concentration of 106 CFU/mL and 108 CFU/mL, there were significant changes in various biomass of M. acuminata AAA Cavendish cv. Nantianhuang and M. acuminata AAA Cavendish cv. Baxi (P<0.05), with more significant changes in root length, with the increase ratio of 43.5% and 54.6% respectively. In this study, nitrogen fixing bacteria with good nitrogen fixing ability were screened, and this strain had a good promoting effect on banana growth, wihich would provide a theoretical basis for its subsequent practical application in agricultural production.

Klebsiella variicola  /  extracellular ammonia nitrogen  /  banana  /  growth promotion
徐云龙, 周游, 汪军, 郭立佳, 黄俊生, 杨腊英. 一株自生固氮菌的分离鉴定及其对不同品种香蕉的促生特性. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (5) : 936 -943 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.008
Yunlong XU, You ZHOU, Jun WANG, Lijia GUO, Junsheng HUANG, Laying YANG. Isolation and Identification of a Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria and Its Growth Promoting Characteristics in Different Banana Varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (5) : 936 -943 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.008
截至2022年,中国已成为世界第二大香蕉生产国,香蕉(Musa nana Lour.)种植周期短、产量高、见效快、效益好,是我国热带、亚热带地区农业的支柱性产业,但当前由于环境变化以及香蕉枯萎病等问题,对香蕉产业的发展造成了持续的影响,如何促进香蕉产业绿色、安全和可持续发展已成为大家关注的热点问题[1]。香蕉是对营养素需求最高的水果品种之一[2],在其所需的养分中,氮元素占据着重要地位,氮能有效地影响植物光合作用过程以及光合同化物在植物各器官中的分布,影响干物质的积累、植物和果实的发育等[3],香蕉种植者常施用氮肥以最大限度地提高生产力,如在苗期会施入大量氮肥,但是过量使用氮肥不仅会使土壤酸化、盐碱化加剧[4],而且可能使植株更容易受到病原菌的侵害并且增加植株感病的严重程度,如香蕉枯萎病[5]。氮肥的主要形式是铵、尿素和硝酸盐,研究结果表明,硝酸盐肥料降低了镰刀菌枯萎病的严重程度,而铵增加了其严重程度[6],种种情况表明完全依赖化学氮肥终究不是长久之计。
固氮菌可提高土壤肥力,以分子态氮为氮素营养,将其还原为NH3,再合成氨基酸、蛋白质,其包括自生固氮菌、共生固氮菌和联合固氮菌3种[7]。其中共生固氮菌与相应植物形成的固氮共生体系,被认为是自然界中固氮效率最高的自然固氮系统,但是只有与植物互利共生时,才能固定空气中的分子态氮,存在一定的限制性;联合固氮菌是必须生活在植物根际、叶面或动物肠道等处才能进行固氮作用;自生固氮菌广泛存在于自然界的土壤和水中,包括多种生理类型的种类,如光能自养、好氧性的念珠蓝细菌属(Nostoc),光能自养、专性厌氧的着色菌属(Chromatium),光能异养、兼性厌氧的红螺菌属(Rhodospirillum),化能异养、好氧性的固氮菌属(Azotobacter),化能异养、专性厌氧的巴氏梭菌(Clostridium pasteurianum)和化能异养、兼性厌氧的克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)等。相比于其他类型的固氮菌,自生固氮菌虽然固氮效率较低,但其对环境适应能力强,不依附于植物而生存,自身能从空气中吸收氮气,繁殖后代,并且死亡后,细胞蛋白质在土壤中矿化,仍然有助于植物的氮素利用,自生固氮菌作为植物促生菌(PGPR)[8],不仅可以通过固氮作用提高氮的利用率促进植物生长[9],还能提高对磷素的利用率[10],更有研究表明,固氮菌的存在能影响土壤中碳元素和硫元素的含量比重,加速土壤中残留有机物的矿化,从而减少植物根系对土壤中重金属离子的吸收[11],此外,固氮菌还可以通过合成植物相关生长激素直接影响植物生长,这些激素不仅可以促进植物生长和养分吸收,还可以间接保护宿主植物免受植物病原菌的影响,并刺激其他有益的根际微生物[12-13],对于改良土壤有机氮含量,增加农作物产量有着不可忽视的作用。
本研究从海南省霸王岭野生香蕉(Musa nana Lour. sp)根际土壤中分离出一株自生固氮菌BWLY3X-6(本实验室自主命名),通过对其分离纯化、固氮酶基因nifH的检测、16S rRNA序列及gyrB序列鉴定,明确其种属关系;通过靛酚蓝-分光光度法和微生物固氮酶试剂盒分别测定其固氮能力和酶活,并以不同香蕉品种作为试验对象,研究其在一定浓度范围内对香蕉生长的促生影响,以期为该菌株的田间应用提供理论依据和科学基础。
自生固氮菌BWLY3X-6分离自以“Z”字型取样法挖取的海南省霸王岭的野生香蕉(Musa nana Lour. sp)根际土壤[14]
供试香蕉品种为五叶一心的巴西蕉(Musa acuminata AAA Cavendish cv. Baxi)与南天黄(M. acuminata AAA Cavendish cv. Nantianhuang)杯苗,均由中国热带农业科学院种苗组培中心提供。
LB培养基:胰蛋白胨10 g、酵母提取物5 g、NaCl 10 g、琼脂粉15 g、ddH2O定容至1000 mL,调节pH至7.0~7.2。
Ashby无氮培养基:甘露醇10 g、KH2PO4 0.2 g、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g、NaCl 0.2 g、CaSO4·2H2O 0.1 g、CaCO3 5 g、琼脂粉15~20 g、ddH2O定容至1000 mL,调节pH至7.2~7.4。
生理生化鉴定所用培养基配制参照《微生物学实验》[15]中的方法。
Taq PCR Mix购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;DNA maker购自天根生化科技(北京)有限公司;Goldview核酸染料、5×TBE溶液,均购自biosharp生物科技有限公司;微生物固氮酶(nitrogenase)ELISA试剂盒购自炼石商城;其余所用试剂均为分析纯。
梅特勒-托利多电子天平PL303-IC,单人单面超净工作台SW-CJ-1FD,智能生物显微镜NI/E,透射电子显微镜HT7700,台式冷冻离心机Eppendorf 5810R,紫外分光光度计UV2600,微量紫外分光光度计ND2000C,梯度PCR仪Arktik96,凝胶成像系统Fire Read,电泳仪电源DYY-6C。
(1)自生固氮菌的初筛与纯化。提前准备好装有90 mL灭菌水的三角瓶若干,精确称取10 g挖取的土壤[16],分别置于三角瓶中,于室温下、180 r/min震荡20~ 30 min,震荡完毕后取出,将其中的悬浊液稀释为10–1、10–2、10–3三个数量级,吸取不同稀释倍数的悬浊液各100 μL,滴加于Ashby无氮固体培养基中,涂棒涂抹均匀,每个稀释倍数重复3次,置于28 ℃培养箱中培养2~3 d,观察。挑取长势优的单菌落在LB固体培养基上对其进行纯化,采用平板划线法进行反复划线,培养、观察其单菌落形态,得到纯菌落后甘油保存,便于后续试验。
(2)自生固氮菌的鉴定。形态学观察:将筛选的单菌落接种于液体LB培养基中,37 ℃、180 r/min摇床培养10 h,取5 μL菌液吸附于铜片[17]制片,在透射电子显微镜下观察自生固氮菌形态。
生理生化鉴定:对分离菌株进行葡萄糖氧化发酵试验、柠檬酸盐试验、甲基红(M.R.)试验、吲哚试验、硝酸盐还原试验、过氧化氢酶试验、明胶液化试验,具体方法参照《微生物学实验》[15]
固氮酶基因nifH、16S rRNA序列与gyrB序列鉴定:参考碱裂解法[18]提取固氮菌菌株DNA。固氮酶基因nifH扩增引物为nifH P1(5ʹ-GGCTG CGATCCVAAGGCCGAYTCVACCCG-3ʹ)和nifH P2(5ʹ-CTGVGCCTTGTTYTCGCGGATSGGCAT GGC-3ʹ)。16S rRNA序列PCR扩增引物为27F(5ʹ-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3ʹ)1492R(5ʹ-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3ʹ);gyrB基因序列扩增引物为UP-1(5ʹ-GAAGTCATC ATGACCGTTCTGCAYGCNGGNGGNAARTTYG A-3ʹ)和UP-2r(5ʹ-AGCAGGGTACGGATGTGCG AGCCRTCNACRTCNGCRTCNGTCAT-3ʹ)。反应体系为:模板1 μL,10 mmol/L引物各1 μL,2×Taq PCR Mix 12.5 μL,用ddH2O补至25 μL。16S rRNA序列PCR扩增程序为:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性30 s,55 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸45 s,35个循环;72 ℃再延伸10 min。gyrB序列PCR扩增程序为:94 ℃预变性4 min;94 ℃变性30 s,60 ℃退火45 s,72 ℃延伸1 min,35个循环;72 ℃再延伸10 min。反应结束后对产物分别进行回收,委托生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司进行测序,使用NCBI进行序列比对,同时通过MEGA 7.0.26软件对菌株构建系统发育树,结合形态学观察结果与生理生化鉴定的结果确定菌株种属。
采用靛酚蓝-分光光度法测定自生固氮菌的固氮能力,参考梁剑光等[19]优化后的方法进行测定。
(1)检测试剂的配制。所用试剂包括氨态氮标准液、1.25%亚硝基铁氰化钠溶液、溶液A、溶液B。氨态氮标准液:精确称取0.2358 g(NH42SO4溶于100 mL水中,得到氨态氮含量为500 μg/mL的氨态氮原液,再将其稀释10倍,得含量为50 μg/mL的氨态氮标准液。
1.25%亚硝基铁氰化钠溶液:精确称取0.3622 g Na2Fe(CN)5NO·2H2O,加水定容到25 mL,于4 ℃存放,所用试剂为国产分析纯。
溶液A:精确称取5.00 g苯酚,量取2 mL 1.25%亚硝基铁氰化钠溶液,混合溶于500 mL水中,遮光4 ℃保存(暴露光照中呈现红棕色)。
溶液B:精确称取2 g C6H5Na3O7、2.50 g NaOH,量取3.5 mL NaClO,混合溶于500 mL水中,遮光4 ℃存放。
(2)氨态氮标准曲线的制定。取11支试管,依次编号,按表1中加入相应的各种试剂,涡旋混合均匀,置于37 ℃恒温水浴锅中,显色反应20 min,取出冷却至室温,于637 nm波长下测定其OD值,观测记录数据,绘制氨态氮标准曲线(图1),对应方程为y=0.0633x+0.0649(R2=0.9973)。
(3)样品的制备。将固氮菌菌体按照1%的接种量接种于Ashby液体培养基中,在无氮环境下,固氮菌会利用空气中的氮气进行固氮作用,将大气中的氮还原成氨,氨极易溶于水,菌体在28 ℃、180 r/min摇床中培养约20 h后,将其取出,吸取部分液体于8000 r/min下离心10 min,取100 μL上清液,收集至无菌EP管中即为待测样品,重复3次[20]
按1.2.2-(2)中所述,取待测样品,加入相应试剂,显色测定其OD637值。
采用微生物固氮酶(nitrogenase)ELISA试剂盒(酶标生物)测定菌株固氮酶活性,按试剂盒说明书进行测定。
(1)自生固氮菌BWLY3X-6的培养。处理方法参考程杰杰等[21]的方法,略有改动,将供试菌株接种于灭菌液体LB培养基中,接种量为1%,置于37 ℃、180 r/min摇床中摇培约10 h(涂布LB平板计算其浓度约为3.73×108 CFU/mL),然后在冷冻离心机中以4000 r/min离心10 min,弃上清液,以无菌水重悬菌体沉淀,重复2次,最后将重悬的菌液稀释为104、106、108 CFU/mL三个不同浓度梯度,备用。
(2)不同香蕉品种的接种处理。不同香蕉品种之间分别设置5个处理:空白对照、0.5%尿素、固氮菌菌液3个浓度梯度(104、106、108 CFU/mL),每个处理5株苗,重复3次。处理期间每天按时向杯苗中补充适量水分,保证其土壤的湿润环境,每隔3 d对试验香蕉的茎基部施加1次固氮菌菌液,每次每株为1 mL,空白对照施加等量无菌水,尿素处理施加等量0.5%尿素,共计接种14次。香蕉盆栽杯苗经处理60 d后,测定每株香蕉的株高、茎高、茎围、根长、地上部鲜重与地下部鲜重[22]
利用Excel、SPSS 26软件进行试验数据统计与差异显著性分析,利用MEGA 7软件构建系统发育树,利用GraphPad Prism 8软件制图。
在野生香蕉根际土壤中经Ashby无氮固体培养基多次筛选后得到菌株BWLY3X-6。菌落在LB平板上呈淡黄色不透明状,外表圆形且湿润,边缘清晰,易挑起(图2)。透射电镜下观察到菌体为杆状,有荚膜,无鞭毛,菌体大小约为2.78 μm×1.14 μm(图3)。葡萄糖氧化发酵试验阳性,柠檬酸盐试验阳性,硝酸盐还原试验阴性,产吲哚试验阳性,接触酶试验阳性,明胶液化试验阳性,甲基红(M.R)试验阴性。
利用固氮酶基因nifH引物从BWLY3X-6菌株基因组序列中扩增获得307 bp的片段(图4)。BWLY3X-6菌株的16S rRNA与gyrB序列长度分别为1445、1187 bp。采用邻位法构建生物系统发育树,基于16S rRNA序列构建的系统发育树中,与菌株同源性最高的是Klebsiella variicola strain 03-311-0071,相似度达99.65%(图5);基于gyrB序列构建的系统发育树中,与菌株同源性最高的是K. variicola strain LMG 23571,其相似度达99.83%(图6)。
综合形态特征、生理生化特征、nifH基因检测及16S rRNA、gyrB序列的分析结果,将BWLY3X-6菌株鉴定为Klebsiella variicola
通过测得吸光度,代入标准曲线得到氨态氮含量,经计算,菌株分泌的氨态氮含量为(17.98±1.88)μg/mL。
经固氮酶活性测定,菌株BWLY3X-6的固氮酶活性为(220.51±8.21)ng/L,表明该菌株有较强的自生固氮能力。
表2所示,施用菌液浓度为106CFU/mL时对南天黄香蕉的促生作用最明显,与CK相比,除茎高与地下部鲜重外,其余生物量指标间均呈显著差异,其中株高增加25.9%,茎围增加18.2%,根长增加43.5%,地上部鲜重增加46.3%;与尿素处理相比,呈显著差异的生物量指标中,施用菌液浓度为106 CFU/mL的株高增加25.5%,茎围增加19.0%,根长增加53.8%,地上部鲜重增加54.7%,地下部鲜重增加37.7%,高浓度时促生效果反而有所下降。
而对于巴西蕉而言,如表3所示,菌液低浓度时促生效果不明显,甚至与CK相比在一定程度上有所抑制,而施用菌液浓度在106、108 CFU/mL时均有明显促生作用,与CK相比,各项生物量指标均呈显著差异,其中108 CFU/mL处理的株高增加37.8%,茎高增加26.3%,茎围增加28.5%,根长增加54.6%,地上部鲜重增加68.6%,地下部鲜重增加84.3%;与尿素处理相比,呈显著差异的生物量指标中,108 CFU/mL处理的茎围增加11.7%,根长增加69.6%,地上部鲜重增加29.6%,地下部鲜重增加49.7%。表明菌株BWLY3X-6对南天黄和巴西蕉均具有显著促生长作用,且对巴西蕉的促生作用较南天黄更有优势,而各项生物量变化中,根长变化量最明显,菌株BWLY3X-6对植株根部的作用效果显著。
生物固氮过程通过高度敏感的细菌酶将大气中的氮气转化为氨,从而提供生态上可接受的矿质氮肥的补充或替代品,本研究通过靛酚蓝-分光光度法对菌株的固氮能力进行测定,与曹晶晶[23]所筛菌株的分泌氨态氮含量(9.8 μg/mL)和李琼洁等[24]所筛菌株的分泌氨态氮含量(2.51 μg/mL)相比,证明本研究所筛菌株具有更强的固氮能力,在无氮环境下也能通过自身固氮作用维持自身生长,丰富了高效固氮微生物接种剂菌种资源库。
随着对固氮菌研究的深入,人们发现通过接种固氮菌,作物产量得到了显著提高[25]。据BHATTACHARJEE等[26]报道,在田间条件下,使用固氮菌作为生物肥料可以提高各种作物的生长和产量,与传统肥料相比,花椰菜和玉米的增幅分别高达40%和15%~20%。而魏春燕等[27]、尹坤等[28]的研究分别证明了变栖克雷伯氏菌对甘蔗、水稻具有明显的促生效应。目前,国内外关于固氮菌对香蕉品种促生长作用的报道较少,本研究从野生香蕉根际土壤中分离的自生固氮菌Klebsiella variicola分别接种于南天黄和巴西蕉盆栽苗后,多项生物量指标呈显著性差异,这与LIN等[29]的研究结果相似,证明菌株BWLY3X-6对南天黄和巴西蕉生长具有显著的促生长作用,其中又以根长变化最为显著,分别增加43.5%和54.6%。香蕉根部在植株发育过程中发挥着重要作用,不仅可以吸收营养物质还能起到固定植株的作用,推测分离菌株主要通过影响香蕉根部来实现对香蕉的促生作用。
本研究从分离的自生固氮菌Klebsiella variicola成功克隆到固氮酶基因nifH,从分子水平上证明了分离菌株具有固氮的遗传基础,固氮促生试验证明了该菌株对不同香蕉品种均具有显著的促生效果,在一定程度上为固氮菌在香蕉种植管理上的应用提供参考,但由于本研究所用材料为盆栽杯苗,所以存在一定的局限性,其在大田中的应用效果还有待于进一步的验证。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600400)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022010)
  • 中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202312)
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2024年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.05.008
  • 接收时间:2022-11-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-16
  • 修回日期:2023-03-31
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2600400)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022010)
中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202312)
作者信息
    1.海南大学植物保护学院,海南海口 570228
    2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101

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* 杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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