Article(id=1276175922805993484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1707148800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-06, revisedDate=1709913600000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782193650198, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782193650198, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782193650198, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782193650198, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276175380184695804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1761', pageEnd='1997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1727193600000', pubDateStr='2024-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782193520816, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782193908264, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1947, endPage=1957, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276175923053457422, articleId=1276175922805993484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effect of Organic Amendment Materials on the Uptake of Pb and Cd in Mango from Gangue Mountain Reclamation Area, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Some soil in the coal mining area of Western Panzhihua has high Pb and Cd contents, and there are certain food safety risks in the development of the plantation. In this paper, we compared and analyzed the trends of Pb and Cd uptake in mango in the region before and after the application of three groups of organic amendment materials (mango grass straw, mushroom residue, mushroom residue+mango grass straw) through a large field experiment, and investigated the degradation of Pb and Cd in the mango in the region by different dosages of organic amendment materials and their influence effects on the quality of mango. Three groups of organic amendment materials improved the organic matter content and pH value of the soil, among which the fungus residue+mango straw group had the most significant effect (P<0.05), and the effect increased by 10.85%-25.66% and 3.55%-8.06%, respectively, compared with that of the control. All three groups of organic improvement materials had certain effects on reducing Pb and Cd content in mango. The effect of reducing Pb in mango was shown as mushroom residue+mango straw>mango straw>mushroom residue; the effect of reducing Cd in mango was shown as mushroom residue+mango straw>mushroom residue>mango straw; the effect of applying mushroom residue+mango straw was most significant, the reduction of Pb and Cd in mango for the mushroom residue+mango straw was 13.80%-27.87% and 6.32%-27.58%, respectively; there were some differences in the effect of different application amounts of organic amendment materials on degrading Pb and Cd in mango. Within the experimental interval, applying 8 kg/plant of mushroom residue+mangrove straw material could reduce Pb and Cd in mango by 27.87% and 27.58%, respectively, which was the best effect (P<0.05). The health risk evaluation showed that the HQi values produced by consumption of mango in each treatment group were less than one, and there was no health risk, so it could be safely consumed. In conclusion, applying 8 kg/plant of mushroom residue+mango grass straw in the experimental range can better inhibit the absorption of Pb and Cd in mango, effectively reducing the enrichment of Pb and Cd in mango. It can be used as an ideal material for the agronomic control of mango cultivation in the coal-mining area of western Panzhihua.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jintao SUN, Jinrui SUN, Xiankun CHEN, Yiming SONG, Xiong PENG, Fang YONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fang YONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276175926786388001, articleId=1276175922805993484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=有机改良材料对矸石山复垦区芒果铅、镉吸收的影响, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

攀西采煤区内部分土壤存在Pb、Cd含量较高的问题,开发种植业存在一定的食品安全隐患。本研究通过大田试验,对比分析3组有机改良材料(芒草秸秆、菌渣、菌渣+芒草秸秆)施用前后矸石山复垦区芒果Pb、Cd吸收的变化趋势,研究不同用量的有机改良材料对该区域芒果Pb、Cd的降解情况及其对芒果品质的影响效应。结果表明:(1)试验选用的3组有机改良材料均能提高土壤的有机质含量和pH,其中菌渣+芒草秸秆组提升效果最显著(P<0.05),与对照组相比分别提高了10.85%~25.66%、3.55%~8.06%。(2)3组有机改良材料均对降低芒果Pb、Cd含量有一定效果,对芒果中Pb含量的降低效果表现为菌渣+芒草秸秆>芒草秸秆>菌渣;对芒果中Cd含量的降低效果表现为菌渣+芒草秸秆>菌渣>芒草秸秆,其中施加菌渣+芒草秸秆组对芒果中Pb、Cd含量的降幅最显著,使芒果中Pb含量降低13.80%~27.87%,Cd含量降低6.32%~27.58%;有机改良材料不同施用量对降低芒果Pb、Cd含量的效果存在一定的差异,在试验区,施加8 kg/株菌渣+芒草秸秆材料能将芒果中的Pb、Cd含量分别降低27.87%、27.58%,效果最佳(P<0.05)。(3)健康风险评价显示,食用各处理组的芒果对不同人群产生的HQi值均小于1,无健康风险,可放心食用。综上,在试验区施加8 kg/株菌渣+芒草秸秆材料能更好地抑制芒果对Pb、Cd的吸收,有效地减少Pb、Cd在芒果中的富集,可作为攀西采煤区芒果种植区农艺调控的理想材料。

, authors=

孙晋涛(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:生态农业与食品安全。

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* 雍芳(YONG Fang),E-mail:
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孙晋涛(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:生态农业与食品安全。

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孙晋涛(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:生态农业与食品安全。

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Distribution character and pollution assessment of mercury and arsenic concentrations in riparian soils of liaocheng urban area[J]. Journal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 45(2): 43-47. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Distribution character and pollution assessment of mercury and arsenic concentrations in riparian soils of liaocheng urban area, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465358076776762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=215, pageEnd=225, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=59, authorNames=JURATE K, ANDERS L, CHRISTIAN M, journalName=Waste Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JURATE K, ANDERS L, CHRISTIAN M. Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments--a review[J]. Waste Management, 2008, 28(1): 215-225., articleTitle=Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments--a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465358139691323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=60, authorNames=徐晔, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐晔. 施用稻草秸秆与工程菌对Cu、Cd污染土壤生物化学性质的影响[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2011., articleTitle=施用稻草秸秆与工程菌对Cu、Cd污染土壤生物化学性质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465358231966012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=61, authorNames=XU Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Y. Application of rice straw and engineered bacteria on the biochemical properties of Cu and Cd-polluted soil[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Application of rice straw and engineered bacteria on the biochemical properties of Cu and Cd-polluted soil, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465358311657789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=634, issue=null, pageStart=67, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=62, authorNames=YI K X, FAN W, CHEN J Y, JIANG S H, HUANG S J, PENG L, ZENG Q R, LUO S, journalName=Science of the Total Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YI K X, FAN W, CHEN J Y, JIANG S H, HUANG S J, PENG L, ZENG Q R, LUO S. Annual input and output fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields in four types of contaminated areas in Hunan province, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2018, 634: 67-76., articleTitle=Annual input and output fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields in four types of contaminated areas in Hunan province, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465358387155262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=1957, pageEnd=1963, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=63, authorNames=吴佳琪, 黄运湘, 尹力初, 梁玉文, 黄玲, 向艳艳, 施强, journalName=农业环境科学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴佳琪, 黄运湘, 尹力初, 梁玉文, 黄玲, 向艳艳, 施强. 长期秸秆还田和地下水位对土壤镉积累及有效性的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(9): 1957-1963., articleTitle=长期秸秆还田和地下水位对土壤镉积累及有效性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465358454264127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=1957, pageEnd=1963, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=64, authorNames=WU J Q, HUANG Y X, YIN L C, LIANG Y W, HUANG L, XIANG Y Y, SHI Q, journalName=Journal of Agro-Environment Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU J Q, HUANG Y X, YIN L C, LIANG Y W, HUANG L, XIANG Y Y, SHI Q. Effect of long-term straw returning and groundwater level on cadmium accumulation and availability in soils[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2020, 39(9): 1957-1963. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of long-term straw returning and groundwater level on cadmium accumulation and availability in soils, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465358546538816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=325, pageEnd=332, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=65, authorNames=李业, 刘建英, 奚君阳, 韩佳佳, 王宏鹏, 周一峰, 于林凯, 赵倩, 郝培应, 叶子弘, 俞晓平, 孟俊, 李元源, 黄俊, journalName=现代食品科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李业, 刘建英, 奚君阳, 韩佳佳, 王宏鹏, 周一峰, 于林凯, 赵倩, 郝培应, 叶子弘, 俞晓平, 孟俊, 李元源, 黄俊. 不同钝化剂处理下镉和铅在土壤-杭白菊体系中富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化[J]. 现代食品科技, 2023, 39(4): 325-332., articleTitle=不同钝化剂处理下镉和铅在土壤-杭白菊体系中富集迁移特性及菊花品质的变化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276465358613647681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=4, pageStart=325, pageEnd=332, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=66, authorNames=LI Y, LIU J Y, XI J Y, HAN J J, WANG H P, ZHOU Y F, YU L K, ZHAO Q, HAO P Y, YE Z H, YU X P, MENG J, LI Y Y, HUANG J, journalName=Modern Food Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y, LIU J Y, XI J Y, HAN J J, WANG H P, ZHOU Y F, YU L K, ZHAO Q, HAO P Y, YE Z H, YU X P, MENG J, LI Y Y, HUANG J. Enrichment and migration of cadmium and lead in a soil-chrysanthemum system and changes in chrysanthemum quality under different passivating agents[J]. Modern Food Science and Technology, 2023, 39(4): 325-332. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Enrichment and migration of cadmium and lead in a soil-chrysanthemum system and changes in chrysanthemum quality under different passivating agents, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276465353467236604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, awardId=川煤发展(2021)24号, language=CN, fundingSource=川煤集团2021年度重点科技攻关项目(川煤发展(2021)24号), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276465353555316989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, awardId=Kj-2022-11, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省自然资源厅2022年度科研项目(Kj-2022-11), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276465353614037246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, awardId=CR2001, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省农村发展研究中心项目(CR2001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276465344172658875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465344181047484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, companyId=1276465344172658875, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465344193630397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, companyId=1276465344172658875, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都 610106)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276465344269127870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465344281710783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, companyId=1276465344269127870, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.West Distric Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617063, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465344294293696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, companyId=1276465344269127870, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.攀枝花市西区生态环境监测站,四川攀枝花 617063)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276465344365596866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465344373985475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, companyId=1276465344365596866, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Sichuan Chuanmei Huarong Energy Co. Ltd., Panzhihua, Sichuan 617000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465344382374084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, companyId=1276465344365596866, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.四川川煤华荣能源有限责任公司,四川攀枝花 617000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276465351923732718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of organic amendment materials on soil pH and organic matter

Different lowercases indicate significant difference between applications of the same improved material (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=Vvh8CL929TYEd5l4ge3Yuw==, figureFileBig=dLsSZo4fme3UScRhA/mEDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465352221528303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=CN, label=图1, caption=有机改良材料对土壤pH、有机质的影响

不同小写字母表示同一改良材料在不同施加量间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Vvh8CL929TYEd5l4ge3Yuw==, figureFileBig=dLsSZo4fme3UScRhA/mEDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465352313802992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effect of organic amendment materials on effective state Pb and Cd content in soil

Different lowercases indicate significant difference between applications of the same improved material (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=4gnIHdRfK+iqa9dunFs5oQ==, figureFileBig=f+uVml9VKFz63taPNMJuwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465352380911857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=CN, label=图2, caption=有机改良材料对土壤中有效态Pb、Cd含量的影响

不同小写字母表示同一改良材料在不同施加量间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=4gnIHdRfK+iqa9dunFs5oQ==, figureFileBig=f+uVml9VKFz63taPNMJuwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465352452215026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effect of organic amendment materials on content of Pb and Cd in mango

Different lowercases indicate significant difference between applications of the same improved material (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=0U/wgGilDoW8Pe24zk86YQ==, figureFileBig=vrEjJk4BlM7aMDYW42kpCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465352703873267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=CN, label=图3, caption=有机改良材料对芒果中Pb、Cd含量的影响

不同小写字母表示同一改良材料在不同施加量间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=0U/wgGilDoW8Pe24zk86YQ==, figureFileBig=vrEjJk4BlM7aMDYW42kpCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465352762593524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Health risk index of Pb and Cd in mango with different treatments

Different lowercases indicate significant difference between applications of the same improved material (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=zmd0CjjH1QF7CtAux/IQow==, figureFileBig=T78lTTlcqO4Ip1u/VxpZwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465352833896693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理芒果Pb、Cd健康风险指数

不同小写字母表示同一改良材料在不同施加量间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=zmd0CjjH1QF7CtAux/IQow==, figureFileBig=T78lTTlcqO4Ip1u/VxpZwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465352901005558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Basic physical and chemical properties of organic improved materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料MaterialpH有机质OM/(g·kg–1全氮TN/(g·kg–1全磷TP/(g·kg–1全钾TK/(g·kg–1C/NPb/(mg·kg–1Cd/(mg·kg–1
芒草秸秆6.40364.534.771.4814.1349.25
菌渣7.80625.1412.551.2211.6538.78
), ArticleFig(id=1276465352968114423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

有机改良材料基本理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料MaterialpH有机质OM/(g·kg–1全氮TN/(g·kg–1全磷TP/(g·kg–1全钾TK/(g·kg–1C/NPb/(mg·kg–1Cd/(mg·kg–1
芒草秸秆6.40364.534.771.4814.1349.25
菌渣7.80625.1412.551.2211.6538.78
), ArticleFig(id=1276465353072972024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Evaluation model parameters for heavy metals

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index参数Parameter参考值Reference value文献来源Ref.
ED暴露时间/a30(成人),6(儿童)[19]
AT平均暴露时间/d365×ED[19]
BW平均体重/kg70(成人),15.9(儿童)[20]
RfD摄入参考计量/(μg·kg-1·d-1Pb=3.5,Cd=1.0[20]
FI生物可利用分数1[19]
IR摄入量/(kg·d-10.0557[20]
EF暴露频率/(d·a-1180[21]
), ArticleFig(id=1276465353140080889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

评价模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index参数Parameter参考值Reference value文献来源Ref.
ED暴露时间/a30(成人),6(儿童)[19]
AT平均暴露时间/d365×ED[19]
BW平均体重/kg70(成人),15.9(儿童)[20]
RfD摄入参考计量/(μg·kg-1·d-1Pb=3.5,Cd=1.0[20]
FI生物可利用分数1[19]
IR摄入量/(kg·d-10.0557[20]
EF暴露频率/(d·a-1180[21]
), ArticleFig(id=1276465353228161274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

BAF values of mangoes after conditioning with different organic amendments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属Heavy metal组别groupBAF(×10–2
CK2 kg·株–14 kg·株–16 kg·株–18 kg·株–110 kg·株–1
PbG-MS0.58±0.03a0.52±0.01b0.49±0.02c0.45±0.01d0.43±0.01e0.44±0.03de
G-MB0.53±0.01b0.51±0.02c0.49±0.06d0.47±0.05e0.46±0.03e
G-MIX0.49±0.05b0.45±0.02c0.43±0.06d0.41±0.03e0.41±0.05e
CdG-MS0.54±0.04a0.53±0.02b0.49±0.01c0.46±0.01d0.44±0.03e0.44±0.01e
G-MB0.51±0.03b0.47±0.02c0.44±0.05d0.41±0.02e0.41±0.01e
G-MIX0.50±0.02b0.46±0.03c0.43±0.01d0.39±0.06e0.39±0.05e
), ArticleFig(id=1276465353307853051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175922805993484, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

有机改良材料对芒果Pb、Cd生物积累系数(BAF)的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属Heavy metal组别groupBAF(×10–2
CK2 kg·株–14 kg·株–16 kg·株–18 kg·株–110 kg·株–1
PbG-MS0.58±0.03a0.52±0.01b0.49±0.02c0.45±0.01d0.43±0.01e0.44±0.03de
G-MB0.53±0.01b0.51±0.02c0.49±0.06d0.47±0.05e0.46±0.03e
G-MIX0.49±0.05b0.45±0.02c0.43±0.06d0.41±0.03e0.41±0.05e
CdG-MS0.54±0.04a0.53±0.02b0.49±0.01c0.46±0.01d0.44±0.03e0.44±0.01e
G-MB0.51±0.03b0.47±0.02c0.44±0.05d0.41±0.02e0.41±0.01e
G-MIX0.50±0.02b0.46±0.03c0.43±0.01d0.39±0.06e0.39±0.05e
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有机改良材料对矸石山复垦区芒果铅、镉吸收的影响
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孙晋涛 1 , 孙晋睿 2 , 陈显坤 3 , 宋一鸣 1 , 彭雄 2 , 雍芳 2, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(9): 1947-1957
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (9) : 1947 -1957
有机改良材料对矸石山复垦区芒果铅、镉吸收的影响
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孙晋涛1, 孙晋睿2, 陈显坤3, 宋一鸣1, 彭雄2, 雍芳2, *
作者信息
  • 1.成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都 610106
  • 2.攀枝花市西区生态环境监测站,四川攀枝花 617063
  • 3.四川川煤华荣能源有限责任公司,四川攀枝花 617000
通讯作者:
* 雍芳(YONG Fang),E-mail:
Effect of Organic Amendment Materials on the Uptake of Pb and Cd in Mango from Gangue Mountain Reclamation Area
Jintao SUN1, Jinrui SUN2, Xiankun CHEN3, Yiming SONG1, Xiong PENG2, Fang YONG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
  • 2.West Distric Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617063, China
  • 3.Sichuan Chuanmei Huarong Energy Co. Ltd., Panzhihua, Sichuan 617000, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.020
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攀西采煤区内部分土壤存在Pb、Cd含量较高的问题,开发种植业存在一定的食品安全隐患。本研究通过大田试验,对比分析3组有机改良材料(芒草秸秆、菌渣、菌渣+芒草秸秆)施用前后矸石山复垦区芒果Pb、Cd吸收的变化趋势,研究不同用量的有机改良材料对该区域芒果Pb、Cd的降解情况及其对芒果品质的影响效应。结果表明:(1)试验选用的3组有机改良材料均能提高土壤的有机质含量和pH,其中菌渣+芒草秸秆组提升效果最显著(P<0.05),与对照组相比分别提高了10.85%~25.66%、3.55%~8.06%。(2)3组有机改良材料均对降低芒果Pb、Cd含量有一定效果,对芒果中Pb含量的降低效果表现为菌渣+芒草秸秆>芒草秸秆>菌渣;对芒果中Cd含量的降低效果表现为菌渣+芒草秸秆>菌渣>芒草秸秆,其中施加菌渣+芒草秸秆组对芒果中Pb、Cd含量的降幅最显著,使芒果中Pb含量降低13.80%~27.87%,Cd含量降低6.32%~27.58%;有机改良材料不同施用量对降低芒果Pb、Cd含量的效果存在一定的差异,在试验区,施加8 kg/株菌渣+芒草秸秆材料能将芒果中的Pb、Cd含量分别降低27.87%、27.58%,效果最佳(P<0.05)。(3)健康风险评价显示,食用各处理组的芒果对不同人群产生的HQi值均小于1,无健康风险,可放心食用。综上,在试验区施加8 kg/株菌渣+芒草秸秆材料能更好地抑制芒果对Pb、Cd的吸收,有效地减少Pb、Cd在芒果中的富集,可作为攀西采煤区芒果种植区农艺调控的理想材料。

芒果  /  有机改良材料  /  铅  /  镉  /  健康风险

Some soil in the coal mining area of Western Panzhihua has high Pb and Cd contents, and there are certain food safety risks in the development of the plantation. In this paper, we compared and analyzed the trends of Pb and Cd uptake in mango in the region before and after the application of three groups of organic amendment materials (mango grass straw, mushroom residue, mushroom residue+mango grass straw) through a large field experiment, and investigated the degradation of Pb and Cd in the mango in the region by different dosages of organic amendment materials and their influence effects on the quality of mango. Three groups of organic amendment materials improved the organic matter content and pH value of the soil, among which the fungus residue+mango straw group had the most significant effect (P<0.05), and the effect increased by 10.85%-25.66% and 3.55%-8.06%, respectively, compared with that of the control. All three groups of organic improvement materials had certain effects on reducing Pb and Cd content in mango. The effect of reducing Pb in mango was shown as mushroom residue+mango straw>mango straw>mushroom residue; the effect of reducing Cd in mango was shown as mushroom residue+mango straw>mushroom residue>mango straw; the effect of applying mushroom residue+mango straw was most significant, the reduction of Pb and Cd in mango for the mushroom residue+mango straw was 13.80%-27.87% and 6.32%-27.58%, respectively; there were some differences in the effect of different application amounts of organic amendment materials on degrading Pb and Cd in mango. Within the experimental interval, applying 8 kg/plant of mushroom residue+mangrove straw material could reduce Pb and Cd in mango by 27.87% and 27.58%, respectively, which was the best effect (P<0.05). The health risk evaluation showed that the HQi values produced by consumption of mango in each treatment group were less than one, and there was no health risk, so it could be safely consumed. In conclusion, applying 8 kg/plant of mushroom residue+mango grass straw in the experimental range can better inhibit the absorption of Pb and Cd in mango, effectively reducing the enrichment of Pb and Cd in mango. It can be used as an ideal material for the agronomic control of mango cultivation in the coal-mining area of western Panzhihua.

mango  /  organic modified materials  /  Pb  /  Cd  /  health risk
孙晋涛, 孙晋睿, 陈显坤, 宋一鸣, 彭雄, 雍芳. 有机改良材料对矸石山复垦区芒果铅、镉吸收的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1947 -1957 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.020
Jintao SUN, Jinrui SUN, Xiankun CHEN, Yiming SONG, Xiong PENG, Fang YONG. Effect of Organic Amendment Materials on the Uptake of Pb and Cd in Mango from Gangue Mountain Reclamation Area[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1947 -1957 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.020
攀西地区是西南地区大型钢铁、钒钛冶炼基地和主要煤炭生产供应基地,拥有得天独厚的自然资源,也是我国主要的芒果种植基地之一[1]。但由于重型工业的大力发展、矿产资源的持续开发,致使煤矿开采过程中高浓度的重金属元素经径流、沉降和淋溶等途径进入土壤,造成煤矿区土壤重金属富集[2-4]。煤矿开采、煤矸石的堆积占用大面积土地,致使耕地稀缺,在矿区种植芒果等经济作物已成为当地矿区可持续利用的重要手段。相较于普通农用地,生长在矿区的农作物更易受矿业活动的影响[5]。前人研究发现,攀枝花市西区某矸石堆场芒果种植区内芒果中Pb含量(0.11 mg/kg)略高于污染物限量标准(0.10 mg/kg),处于轻污染状态,芒果中Cd含量也临界于限量标准[6]。随时间推移,工业活动加剧,受降雨、盛行风等自然因素影响,极可能造成土壤中重金属的富集,经过吸收-迁移-积累最终在作物系统(芒果)中富集[7-8],进而影响其品质,危害人体健康[9-10]。因此,采取安全有效的措施降低该种植区内芒果Pb、Cd含量已成为当前亟待解决的食品安全问题。
常见的调控技术中,化学调控技术是通过向土壤施加有机改良材料来改变重金属在土壤中的赋存形态,降低其生物有效性,抑制作物对重金属吸收的调控技术,由于成本低、操作简单,且具有明显的效果,被广泛应用[11-14]。芒草秸秆、菌渣是攀枝花市主要的农业废弃物,若以此作为有机改良材料变废为宝,并应用到矿区芒果治理上,则具有重要意义。因此,研究芒草秸秆、菌渣对芒果Pb、Cd吸收的影响,对充分利用农业废弃资源实现Pb、Cd污染芒果安全生产意义重大。目前,针对芒草秸秆、菌渣、菌渣+芒草秸秆3组有机改良材料影响芒果Pb、Cd吸收、积累的研究鲜见报道。鉴于此,为探究3组改良材料施用前后芒果对Pb、Cd吸收情况和土壤理化性质的变化,本研究以攀枝花市西区某矸石堆场芒果种植区内的芒果为研究对象,采用田间试验,开展为期2 a(2022—2023)的农艺调控,对比芒草秸秆、菌渣、菌渣+芒草秸秆3组改良材料,探究其对土壤pH、有机质含量、土壤有效态Pb、Cd含量、芒果Pb、Cd含量和富集效应的影响,以期为改善芒果质量、保证食品安全和降低人体健康风险提供参考。
试验地位于四川省攀枝花市西区某矸石堆场芒果种植区(26°59′33″N,101°56′58″E),属亚热带干热河谷气候,年均气温20.3 ℃,年均降水量836.5 mm。该矸石堆场形成于2013年,并于2017年通过压实-覆土-果树移栽的方式对其进行复垦。复垦区是由矸石山表层(0~90 cm)经客土混层稀释(客土质量∶矸石质量=1∶1)后形成的芒果种植区,面积约2000 m2,主要成分由SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO和MgO等组成,土层贫瘠、有机质含量低。土壤基本理化性质为:速效钾(AK)72.24 mg/kg,碱解氮57.84 mg/kg,速效磷(AP)11.98 mg/kg,有机质(OM)1.05%,阳离子交换量(CEC)21.47 mg/kg,pH6.2。
供试有机改良材料为菌渣(菌类培养基废料),采自攀枝花市某农场用于栽培黑木耳的培养基废料,主要原材料为桑木屑、棉籽壳、甘蔗渣等;芒草秸秆采自攀枝花市某农产品加工厂。有机改良材料基本理化性质见表1。分别将2种有机物料(菌渣、芒草秸秆)风干、磨细,过100目筛,装入封袋置于阴凉干燥处保存、备用。
主要设备及试剂。OPTIMA 7000电感耦合等离子分析仪(ICP,美国PerkinElmer公司)。HNO3(优级纯)、HCl(优级纯)、CH4N2S(优级纯)、C6H8O6(优级纯)、KBH4(优级纯)、NaOH(优级纯)、CH3SO3H(优级纯)以及Pb、Cd标准液。
供试芒果品种为椰香(Dasheri),种植于攀枝花市西区某矸石堆场芒果种植区,树龄6 a,栽植株行距3 m×3 m。供试有机改良材料分别为芒草秸秆、菌渣、菌渣+芒草秸秆,于2022年2月芒果花芽期间开展试验,共设置16组处理,每组处理设置5个重复,共计80个小区,每个小区面积为30 m2(5 m×6 m),栽植株数为3株,各小区之间用宽0.4 m的田埂隔离,避免不同处理间相互影响。16个处理分别为不施加任何有机改良材料的对照(CK);芒草秸秆处理标记为G-MS,5组芒草秸秆处理,施加量分别为2、4、6、8、10 kg/株,分别标记为G-MS1、G-MS2、G-MS3、G-MS4、G-MS5;菌渣处理标记为G-MB,5组菌渣处理,施加量分别为2、4、6、8、10 kg/株,分别标记为G-MB1、G-MB2、G-MB3、G-MB4、G-MB5;菌渣+芒草秸秆处理标记为G-MIX,5组菌渣+芒草秸秆处理,施加量分别为2、4、6、8、10 kg/株,分别标记为G-MIX1、G-MIX2、G-MIX3、G-MIX4、G-MIX5。有机改良材料施加方式采用沟施,沿芒果树冠边缘开沟,深度40 cm,将改良材料填埋于沟内(3组有机改良材料均1次性施入),并参考当地生产习惯进行田间管理(浇水、施肥等)。于2022、2023年芒果成熟期进行芒果Pb、Cd含量及土壤理化性质的测定。
(1)测定方法。参考HJ 962—2018[15]测定土壤pH;参照NT/Y 1121.6—2006[16],采用高温外热重铬酸钾氧化法对土壤有机质进行测定;芒果可食部分中Pb、Cd含量的测定分别参考GB 5009.12—2017[17]和GB 5009.15—2014[18]进行测定。
(2)样品制备。芒果成熟期(2022年7月、2023年7月),按照5点采样法分别采集各处理的芒果样品,将芒果洗净,切块后放入烘箱,置于85 ℃下烘干至恒重,研磨备用。精密称取研磨后的待测样品5.00 g于坩埚中,350 ℃炭化至无烟后,550 ℃灰化4~5 h;冷却后,加入数滴HNO3润湿,再次灰化2 h。取出灰化好的试样冷却后加入HNO3定容至250 mL,混匀备用。
(3)工作条件。使用OPTIMA 7000电感耦合等离子分析仪(ICP)对芒果样品中目标元素含量进行测定。
ICP工作参数:发射功率1150 W、载气流量0.7 L/min、辅助气流量1.0 L/min、冷却器流量12.0 L/min。
芒果中重金属Pb、Cd降低率(RP)计算公式为:
式中,Cs为施加改良材料前芒果中重金属的浓度(mg/kg);Cbs为施加改良材料后芒果中重金属的可萃取浓度(mg/kg)。
生物积累系数(bioaccumulation factor,BAF)为芒果可食用部位中Pb、Cd含量与根际土壤中该元素含量的比值,表征芒果从土壤中积累目标元素的能力。
式中,BAF为芒果对Pb、Cd生物积累系数;Ci为芒果可食用部位中目标元素含量;Cs为种植土壤中Pb、Cd含量。
本研究基于美国国家环境保护局(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价,对摄入芒果中污染物可能引起的健康风险进行评价。
式中,ADI为目标元素经果蔬摄入的平均日摄取量[mg/(kg·d)];EF为暴露频率(d/a);FI为摄入分数,本研究默认该值为1;ED为持续暴露时间;IR为平均每日水果摄入量(kg/d);Ci为芒果中被监测元素i含量(mg/kg);RfD为被监测目标元素i平均每日摄入参考剂量[μg/(kg–1·d–1)];BW为平均体重(kg)。其他具体参数见表2
果蔬类摄入的风险表征(HQi)计算公式如下:
式中,HQi为单一重金属致癌风险指数;HQi<1,表明没有明显的健康风险;HQi≥1,则存在潜在健康风险。
利用Excel 2022软件对原始数据进行处理,利用Origin 2021软件进行图表绘制,使用SPSS 20新复极差检验法(Duncan’s multiple range test,DMRT)检验不同处理组间的显著性。
3组有机改良材料在不同施加量下对土壤pH有不同影响(图1A)。有机改良材料G-MS、G-MB、G-MIX在不同添加量处理下均能明显提高土壤pH,且G-MIX组效果最显著;G-MS组在不同施加量下提高土壤pH 0.15~0.41个单位,以G-MS4处理效果最佳;G-MB组随施加量的增加土壤pH呈先升高后降低的趋势,在G-MB4处理下土壤pH提升效果最好,提升0.29个单位;G-MIX组随着施用量的增加土壤pH明显升高,其中G-MIX5处理下对土壤pH提升效果最好,提高0.51个单位。总体上,3组有机改良材料中G-MIX组对土壤pH的提升效果最好,所有处理中G-MIX5效果最优(P<0.05)。2023年3组有机改良材料对土壤pH的提升效果与2022年效果无显著性差异。
不同有机改良材料对土壤有机质含量的影响如图1B所示。与CK相比,有机改良材料G-MS、G-MB、G-MIX使土壤有机质含量提高4.84%~25.66%,其中,有机改良材料G-MIX对土壤有机质含量的提升效果最好。随着施加量的增加,土壤有机质含量逐渐增加,以G-MIX5处理效果最好,相比CK提升了25.66%。可见,3组有机改良材料中G-MIX组对土壤有机质含量的提升效果最好,所有处理中G-MIX5处理效果最优(P<0.05)。2023年处理组对土壤有机质提升效果与2022年效果无显著性差异。
施用有机改良材料后土壤中有效态Pb含量如图2A所示,有机改良材料G-MS、G-MB、G-MIX处理均可降低土壤中有效态Pb含量,且随着改良材料施加量的增加,降幅逐渐增大。其中,G-MS组使土壤中有效态Pb含量降低10.58%~22.51%;G-MB组使土壤中有效态Pb含量降低7.85%~ 20.01%;G-MIX组使土壤中有效态Pb含量降低13.80%~27.87%;经G-MS、G-MB组处理后土壤中有效态Pb含量均高于同一施加量的G-MIX组;G-MIX4处理后土壤中有效态Pb含量均显著低于其他处理(P<0.05)。由此可见,施用3组有机改良材料均可显著降低土壤中有效态Pb含量,施用G-MIX组对降低土壤有效态Pb含量的效果优于G-MS组和G-MB组,其中,以G-MIX4处理效果最佳。从2022年与2023年2组数据可知,施加同组改良材料后,随时间推移土壤中有效态Pb含量2 a内无显著性差异,说明本研究所采用改良材料短期内作用效果相对稳定。
施用改良材料后土壤中有效态Cd含量如图2B所示。3组有机改良材料在不同施加量下对土壤中有效态Cd含量有明显降低且有机改良材料G-MIX效果最好。G-MS组在不同施加量下降低土壤中有效态Cd含量1.47%~18.95%,以G-MS5效果最佳;G-MB组在不同施加量下降低土壤中有效态Cd含量4.84%~24.01%,以G-MS4效果最佳;G-MIX组在不同施加量下降低土壤中有效态Cd含量6.32%~27.58%,以G-MIX4效果最佳。由此可见,3组有机改良材料均能在一定程度上降低土壤中有效态Cd含量,3组中G-MIX组的效果最好,所有处理中G-MIX4效果最佳。从2022年与2023年数据可知,施加同组改良材料后,随时间推移土壤中有效态Cd含量2 a内无显著性差异。
施用3组有机改良材料对芒果中Pb含量的影响如图3A所示,与CK相比,3组有机改良材料能不同程度地降低芒果中Pb含量。G-MS组的芒果中Pb含量降低至83.53~98.55 μg/kg,G-MS4处理效果最好;G-MB组中芒果Pb含量的降低效果低于G-MS组,施加后芒果中Pb含量降低至88.16~101.56 μg/kg,以G-MB5组效果最好,需注意的是G-MB1处理后芒果中Pb含量为101.56 μg/kg,未能将Pb含量降低至《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762—2017)[22]规定的污染物限量标准以内(100.00 μg/kg);相较于G-MS、G-MB两组,G-MIX组的芒果Pb降低效果更好,Pb含量从110.21 μg/kg降低至79.51~95.01 μg/kg,以G-MIX4组的处理效果最好(P<0.05)。可见,除G-MB1处理无法将芒果中Pb含量降低到食品污染物限量标准外,其他处理均能有效降低芒果中Pb含量,其中G-MIX4处理效果最优。从2022年与2023年2组数据可知,施加同组改良材料后,芒果中Pb含量2 a内无显著性差异。
图3B可知,3组有机改良材料对降低芒果中Cd含量有一定的效果,降低作用由大到小依次为:G-MIX(34.42~44.51 μg/kg)、G-MB(36.74~45.26 μg/kg)、G-MS(38.53~46.81 μg/kg)。芒果中Cd含量受有机改良材料施加量的影响,在G-MS组中,施加量越大,芒果中Cd含量越低,以G-MS4效果最明显,Cd含量降低至38.53 μg/kg;G-MB4能使芒果中Cd含量降至36.15 μg/kg,同组内效果最好,G-MB组对芒果中Cd含量降低效果优于G-MS组;G-MIX组对芒果中Cd含量的降低效果明显优于G-MB、G-MS组,以G-MIX5处理效果最佳。可见,3组有机改良材料均能有效的降低芒果中Cd含量,所有处理中G-MIX5效果最好。经2 a数据对比,改良材料对芒果中Cd含量的降低效果未发生明显变化。
表3可知,施用3组有机改良材料后芒果的Pb生物积累系数由高到低为G-MB>G-MS>G-MIX,G-MIX组的芒果Pb生物积累系数最低,相较于CK降低13.80%~27.87%,其中G-MIX4处理下芒果Pb生物积累系数最低,G-MIX4与G-MIX5处理无显著差异。施用3组有机改良材料后芒果Cd生物积累系数由高到低为G-MS>G-MB>G- MIX,其中G-MIX组中芒果的Cd富集最弱,较CK降低6.32%~27.58%。由此可见,有机改良材料均对芒果Pb、Cd生物积累系数产生影响,G-MIX组的芒果Pb、Cd的生物积累系数最小。
依据健康风险评价法,分别对成人、儿童食用不同处理后的芒果产生的HQi值进行计算(图4)。其中G-MSa、G-MBa、G-MIXa分别表示成人摄入G-MS、G-MB、G-MIX组处理的芒果,G-MSc、G-MBc、G-MIXc分别表示儿童摄入G-MS、G-MB、G-MIX组处理的芒果。
不同处理组的芒果对成人和儿童产生的HQi值均小于1,表明成人和儿童食用该芒果不存在健康风险,不同处理组芒果中Pb产生的健康风险由高到低为G-MB>G-MS>G-MIX,其中儿童食用芒果产生的健康风险高于成人。成人、儿童食用矿区芒果所摄入Cd对人体健康产生的HQi值均小于1,不会对人体产生健康风险。不同处理组芒果中Cd产生的健康风险由高到低为G-MS>G-MB>G-MIX。摄入相同芒果产生的健康风险表现为儿童>成人。
有机改良材料对重金属污染地的调控效果主要是受土壤pH、有机质含量、有机改良材料种类和施加量等因素影响。本研究结果表明,施用3组有机改良材料能显著提高土壤有机质含量,随着施用量的增加,土壤有机质有不同程度的提升,这与臧小平等[23]的研究结果一致。其原因可能是菌渣本身含有大量有机质;秸秆类中含有丰富的有机碳;菌渣、秸秆联合施用后2种改良材料相互作用,官能团与土壤中微生物产生反应,致使土壤有机质显著提升。有机质的增加能改善土壤理化性质,调节土壤酸碱平衡,本研究中所有改良材料均能提高土壤pH。施加芒草秸秆后土壤pH相比CK有所提高,施加菌渣也能提高土壤pH,且提升效果优于芒草秸秆组,但效果不如菌渣+芒草秸秆组。其原因可能与不同种类改良材料对土壤pH的提升效果存在差异,其理化性质也有所差异有关。秸秆类材料对土壤pH的影响与该材料的腐解程度有关[24];秸秆与菌渣联合施用,菌渣中菌丝体所分泌的酶能促进秸秆的腐解,从而更好提升土壤pH。另外,土壤pH变化也受到施加量的影响,试验区间范围内不同施加量对土壤pH的影响由小到大依次为:2、4、6、8、10 kg/株,呈递进关系。这与王娇等[25]施加有机材料对土壤pH的影响与添加量有关的结论一致。但也有研究表明,施用有机改良材料后土壤pH降低[26],与本研究观点不一致。这可能与试验地理化性质及改良材料不同有关,本研究采用的改良材料均为碱性,且土壤偏酸性,有机改良材料对土壤pH提升有一定的作用。
重金属以不同形态存在于土壤中,其中有效态重金属被芒果吸收。因此,降低芒果Pb、Cd含量的关键在于降低芒果种植区土壤中有效态重金属含量,以此达到改善该区域芒果品质的目的。本研究中,3组改良材料对土壤中有效态Pb、Cd降低效果明显,其中菌渣+芒草秸秆组降低效果最好。究其原因:菌渣中菌丝体可以促进芒草秸秆的腐解,芒草秸秆腐解后产生腐殖酸,腐殖酸分子中含有羧基、醇羟基等官能团,这些官能团可以与腐殖质中的化学基团相互作用,加速有机物降解,并增加腐殖化程度,降低重金属在土壤中的生物有效性和可交换性[27-28]。本研究中,土壤有效态Pb、Cd的降低率会随改良材料施用量的增加而提升,试验区间范围内菌渣+芒草秸秆组施加量为8 kg/株时,对土壤有效态Pb、Cd的降低作用最好。可能是因为秸秆和菌渣在腐解的过程中,大量的菌渣所含的酶类和微生物更丰富,可加速降解从而转化更多腐殖质,增加土壤对目标重金属的吸附,降低其迁移性。这与路克国等[29]在研究有机肥对土壤中Cd的生物有效性的研究结果相似,也有研究表明大量或长期施用该类型有机改良材料可能增加土壤中重金属有效态含量[30],与本文观点相悖。这可能是因为有机肥中成分复杂,肥料中极可能含有大量重金属,过量施用导致材料中自身含有的重金属向土壤中迁移。本研究采用的芒草秸秆、菌渣改良材料中未检测出Pb、Cd含量。从2022、2023年2组试验数据表明,施加同组改良材料后,随时间推移芒果中Pb、Cd含量2 a年内无显著性差异,说明本研究所采用改良材料作用效果相对稳定,但施用有机改良材料只能降低土壤中有效态Pb、Cd含量,限制重金属向芒果内迁移,并不会减少土壤中重金属的总量。土壤受到环境等外在因素影响,也可能使重金属生物有效性增加,导致芒果中Pb、Cd含量增加。因此有机改良材料施用后的长期稳定性是改善矿区芒果品质的重要因素。
本研究表明,3组有机改良材料能有效降低芒果中Pb、Cd含量,且存在差异。在苏祖祥[31]的研究中,施用菌渣能改变土壤理化性质(pH、有机质),降低土壤有效态Pb、Cd含量,进而降低水稻中Pb、Cd含量,与本研究结果相似。究其原因:一方面是菌渣含有丰富的官能团、蛋白质和其他营养成分,与Cd2+产生络合反应,使其形成不易被作物吸收的络合物,降低Cd的迁移性[32];另一方面是菌渣还能改善土壤理化性质,土壤pH升高,土壤中负电荷增加,Pb、Cd形成碳酸盐后沉淀,从而降低重金属的有效性,同时有机质的升高也能抑制土壤中Cd向芒果中迁移[33-34]。本研究中,施用秸秆类改良材料对芒果中Pb含量的降低作用略优于菌渣,可能是因为芒草秸秆通过分解产生有机酸,与重金属离子反应,形成稳定的螯合物,以此达到调控的目的[35-37]。但也有研究表明,长期施加秸秆类材料,不仅不能降低作物中Cd的含量,反而加剧Cd污染[38],与本研究结论相悖。吴佳琪等[39]进行长期秸秆还田试验后指出,常量秸秆还田能降低土壤有效Cd含量,但大量秸秆还田导致土壤中Cd含量增加。本研究中秸秆材料施用量最高为10 kg/株均为一次性施入,属于常量秸秆还田,并不会导致土壤中Cd含量增加。单一有机改良材料对重金属抑制作用一般只针对单一重金属,如施用芒草秸秆对芒果中Pb的降低效果优于菌渣,但对芒果中Cd的降低效果不如菌渣。将芒草秸秆与菌渣混合施用时,芒果中Pb、Cd含量显著低于CK,与李业等[40]等不同处理可降低杭白菊中Pb、Cd含量的研究结果相似。其原因可能是本研究施加的改良材料能直接为芒果提供一定营养成分,从而促进芒果的生长;另外,不同改良材料均具备降低土壤Pb、Cd有效性的作用,能够使芒果在生长过程中更少富集Pb、Cd,降低其对芒果的胁迫。
(1)施加3组有机改良材料可使土壤pH、有机质增加,有效抑制芒果对土壤中Pb、Cd的富集,从而缓解重金属对芒果的毒害作用。
(2)不同改良材料在降低不同重金属的效果上有较大差异,3组改良材料对芒果中Pb的降低效果表现为G-MIX>G-MS>G-MB;对芒果中Cd的降低效果表现为G-MIX>G-MB>G-MS,综合比较3组改良材料发现,G-MIX组对芒果Pb、Cd含量的降低效果最好;随着改良材料施用量的增加,矿区芒果Pb、Cd含量呈明显降低趋势,各处理中除G-MB1处理芒果中Pb含量为101.56 μg/kg,仍略高于食品中污染物限量标准(Pb<100.00 μg/kg),其他处理均低于该标准。其中,G-MIX4处理对芒果中Pb、Cd降低效果最好,Pb、Cd分别降低27.87%、27.58%。
(3)健康风险评价表明,食用矿区种植的芒果后,不会对成人、儿童身体健康产生影响。
综上,攀西采煤区芒果种植区内芒果可能受到Pb、Cd污染,结合该种植区实际情况及3组改良材料对芒果中Pb、Cd含量降低效果分析,在试验区间范围内,施用8 kg/株菌渣+芒草秸秆材料能有效降低芒果中Pb、Cd含量,从而改善该地芒果质量安全,为矿区芒果产业的健康发展提供参考。
  • 川煤集团2021年度重点科技攻关项目(川煤发展(2021)24号)
  • 四川省自然资源厅2022年度科研项目(Kj-2022-11)
  • 四川省农村发展研究中心项目(CR2001)
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2024年第45卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.020
  • 接收时间:2024-02-06
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06
  • 修回日期:2024-03-09
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川煤集团2021年度重点科技攻关项目(川煤发展(2021)24号)
四川省自然资源厅2022年度科研项目(Kj-2022-11)
四川省农村发展研究中心项目(CR2001)
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    1.成都大学食品与生物工程学院,四川成都 610106
    2.攀枝花市西区生态环境监测站,四川攀枝花 617063
    3.四川川煤华荣能源有限责任公司,四川攀枝花 617000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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