Article(id=1276175651564552752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710345600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-14, revisedDate=1713283200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782193585530, onlineDateStr=2026-06-23, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782193585530, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782193585530, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782193585530, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276175380184695804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='9', pageStart='1761', pageEnd='1997', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1727193600000', pubDateStr='2024-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782193520816, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782193908264, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276177005326504449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276175380184695804, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1966, endPage=1977, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276175652860592691, articleId=1276175651564552752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Impact of Mine Soil Containing Excessive Arsenic and Nickel on the Growth and Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity of Different Mulberry Varieties, columnId=1236318328365577171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Agricultural Ecology & Environmental Protection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The soil ecological restoration and land recycling of the closed tailings reservoir not only avoid the risk of random discharge, but also increase the land use area. Mulberry has strong root system, strong stress resistance, large biomass and wide application. It has great potential in the remediation and reuse of heavy metals in mines. In this study, the growth of one-year-old seedlings of three mulberry varieties (Y120, G12 and G62) after 60 days of planting in arsenic and nickel combined pollution soil in the mining area and the enrichment of arsenic and nickel in different parts were compared by the original soil pot method. At the same time, the difference of rhizosphere soil microorganisms was analyzed by metagenomics to preliminarily elucidate the adaptability of different mulberry varieties to arsenic and nickel combined pollution mine soil and its relationship with rhizosphere soil microbial diversity. The results showed that after 60 days of planting, the pollution index of nickel in the rhizosphere soil of the three varieties decreased from moderate to mild before planting, and the pollution index of arsenic in the rhizosphere soil of G62 decreased from severe pollution to moderate pollution. The shoot and root growth of the three mulberry varieties were inhibited, but the growth of G62 was better than that of Y120 and G12, and the growth of G12 was worse. The transport coefficient and enrichment coefficient of arsenic in the three mulberry varieties were less than that of nickel. The enrichment ability of arsenic was root>leaf>stem. The accumulation of arsenic in roots accounted for 47.33%-50.52% of the total plant, and the difference between varieties was not significant. However, the enrichment ability of nickel was different among different varieties. The accumulation of nickel in roots accounted for 25.67% (G12), 38.46% (G62) and 47.14% (Y120) of the total plant, and the difference between varieties was significant. The richness of Nocardioides, Thiomonas and Rhizobium in the rhizosphere soil of G62 with better growth was significantly higher than that of G12 and Y120, and the richness of Thiomonas sp. in G62 was the highest. Combined with the fact that the arsenic pollution index of G62 rhizosphere soil decreased more, these genera and species may be more involved in the barrier absorption or detoxification of arsenic in mulberry rhizosphere. The richness of Sphingopyxis sp. was the highest in G12, and the variety had the lowest arsenic and nickel transferred and enriched in the body, which may be related to its more participation in the detoxification of arsenic and nickel combined pollution in mulberry. The results of this study will lay a foundation for the screening of mulberry varieties resistant to compound heavy metals that are suitable for the growth of mining areas and the screening and utilization of strains that can promote the growth of mulberry in the soil of arsenic and nickel combined pollution mines.

, authors=null, authorsList=Chunbiao WU, Yunhui XIE, Tao GENG, Huazhou WU, Dezhao LOU, Shuchang WANG, Fuping LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuchang WANG, Fuping LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276175657122005571, articleId=1276175651564552752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=As和Ni超标矿山土壤对不同桑树品种生长及根际微生物多样性的影响, columnId=1236292523270918153, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=农业生态与环境保护, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

闭库尾矿库土壤生态修复及土地再生利用,不仅避免了随意排放风险,还能增加土地使用面积。桑树根系旺盛,抗逆性强,生物量大,用途广泛,在矿山重金属超标土壤修复和再利用中具有巨大潜力。本研究采用原土盆栽法比较3个桑树品种(Y120、G12和G62)一年生幼苗在矿区砷(As)和镍(Ni)复合污染土壤中种植60 d后的生长情况,以及桑树不同部位对As和Ni的富集差异,同时采用宏基因组分析桑树根际土壤微生物的差异,初步阐明不同桑树品种对As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤的适应能力及与其根际土壤微生物多样性间的关系。结果表明:种植60 d后,3个桑树品种根际土壤Ni的污染指数均从种植前的中度降为轻度,G62根际土壤As的污染指数则从重度污染降为中度污染。3个桑树品种的地上部分和根系生长部分均受到抑制,但G62的生长总体优于Y120和G12,G12生长较差。3个桑树品种对As的转运系数和富集系数均小于Ni,对As的富集能力为根>叶>茎,根部积累As的量占植株总量的47.33%~50.52%,品种间差异较小,但对Ni的富集能力则在不同品种间存在差异,G12、G62、Y120根部Ni积累量占植株总量依次为25.67%、38.46%和47.14%,品种间差异较大。生长较好的G62根际土壤中NocardioidesThiomonasRhizobium 3个属的丰富度显著高于G12和Y120,其中Thiomonas sp.在G62中丰富度最高,结合G62根际土壤As的污染指数下降较多的事实,说明这些属和种可能更多地参与桑树根际对As的阻隔吸收或解毒。Sphingopyxis sp.在G12中丰富度最高,该品种在体内转移和富集的As和Ni均最低,可能与其更多地参与桑树对As和Ni复合污染的解毒有关。研究结果为筛选出适宜矿区生长的抗复合重金属的桑树品种及可促进桑树在As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤生长的菌株筛选和利用奠定基础。

, authors=

吴春标(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:桑蚕资源高效利用。

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* 王树昌(WANG Shuchang),E-mail:
卢芙萍(LU Fuping),E-mail:
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2.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Tropical Crop Pest Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1276465362413687136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, authorId=1276465362057171292, language=CN, stringName=吴春标, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.海南大学,海南海口 570228
2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物病虫害综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101, bio={"content":"

吴春标(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:桑蚕资源高效利用。

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吴春标(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:桑蚕资源高效利用。

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World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2023, 39(10): 283., articleTitle=Anoxygenic phototrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria: tool for bioremediation of hazardous environmental pollutants, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276465382475043236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, awardId=ZDYF2022SHFZ319, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022SHFZ319), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1276465382605066661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, awardId=CARS-18-SYZ17, language=CN, fundingSource=现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-18-SYZ17), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276465361801318736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465361805513041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, companyId=1276465361801318736, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465361818095954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, companyId=1276465361801318736, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学,海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276465361876816211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465361885204820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, companyId=1276465361876816211, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Tropical Crop Pest Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465361897787733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, companyId=1276465361876816211, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物病虫害综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276465361969090903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465361981673816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, companyId=1276465361969090903, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276465361990062425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, companyId=1276465361969090903, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.贵州大学,贵州贵阳 550025)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276465379165737361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Growth of different mulberry varieties planted in tailings reservoir soil after 60 days, figureFileSmall=IjEna5yA/JyP/FK2fkunfg==, figureFileBig=62lFWfS3C0WctcsvGP8bAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465379572584851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤60 d后的生长情况, figureFileSmall=IjEna5yA/JyP/FK2fkunfg==, figureFileBig=62lFWfS3C0WctcsvGP8bAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465379971043732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Plant height and leaf numbers of different mulberry varieties planted in tailings reservoir soil after 60 days

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=/iF1PgZ0Ruepeiw5GPzsOQ==, figureFileBig=0WgQ5IGuBibyYuO1iTYRrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465380356919701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤60 d后的株高和叶片数

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=/iF1PgZ0Ruepeiw5GPzsOQ==, figureFileBig=0WgQ5IGuBibyYuO1iTYRrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465380738601366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Alpha diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of different mulberry varieties after planting in tailings reservoir soil

A: Actual observed species dilution curve; B: Speculated species index dilution curve; C: Homogeneous dilution curve of species; D: Comprehensive dilution curve diagram.

, figureFileSmall=5Hmy0m7dmYTIMJqcDwZ1fg==, figureFileBig=BZ0w6O1Ks0f/QV2KYhp4Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465380818293143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤后根际土壤微生物Alpha多样性

A:实际观测到的物种稀释曲线;B:推测出的物种指数稀释曲线;C:物种均一性稀释曲线;D:综合稀释曲线。

, figureFileSmall=5Hmy0m7dmYTIMJqcDwZ1fg==, figureFileBig=BZ0w6O1Ks0f/QV2KYhp4Tw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465380893790616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Unifrac analysis heat map of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of different mulberry varieties after planting in tailings reservoir soil, figureFileSmall=HBMMVrRZ9Gi7g4uO218kWg==, figureFileBig=FsK3Ci32YyD6HJP+aPumSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465381166420377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤后根际土壤微生物Unifrac分析热力图, figureFileSmall=HBMMVrRZ9Gi7g4uO218kWg==, figureFileBig=FsK3Ci32YyD6HJP+aPumSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465381241917850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Unifrac analysis heat map of rhizosphere soil samples of different mulberry varieties after planting in tailings reservoir soil

Color from red to blue indicates abundance from low to high.

, figureFileSmall=rG85gXNaySv5jUJG5k32iw==, figureFileBig=TvhlzniuAEOse6noEwcXbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465381309026715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤后土壤微生物属水平物种相关性热图

颜色从红到蓝表示丰度由低到高。

, figureFileSmall=rG85gXNaySv5jUJG5k32iw==, figureFileBig=TvhlzniuAEOse6noEwcXbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465381380329884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Abundance of microbial genera in rhizosphere soil of different mulberry varieties after planting in tailings reservoir soil

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=H/5OgtbTSncN/9S3Qlc0Ew==, figureFileBig=yz1hBYq7r4mN/oVauIjIhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465381573267869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤后根际土壤微生物属水平丰富度

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=H/5OgtbTSncN/9S3Qlc0Ew==, figureFileBig=yz1hBYq7r4mN/oVauIjIhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465381652959646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Horizontal richness of rhizosphere soil microbial species of different mulberry varieties after planting in tailings reservoir soil

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=4CH2D24rUb6wtSe8TuxDkw==, figureFileBig=uHhgMnsuxs7jf/yA8BL6rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465381762011551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤后根际土壤微生物种水平丰富度

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=4CH2D24rUb6wtSe8TuxDkw==, figureFileBig=uHhgMnsuxs7jf/yA8BL6rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276465381996892576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Content changes of As and Ni in tailings reservoir soil after planting different mulberry varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素Element品种Variety元素质量分数Element mass fraction/(mg·kg–1污染指数Pollution index污染程度Pollution level
种植前Before planting种植后After planting种植前Before planting种植后After planting种植前Before planting种植后After planting
AsG1288.19±2.59a75.08±1.59b3.53±0.10a3.00±0.06b重度污染重度污染
G6288.19±2.59a69.25±4.60b3.53±0.10a2.77±0.18b重度污染中度污染
Y12088.19±2.59a80.79±4.43a3.53±0.10a3.23±0.18a重度污染重度污染
NiG12393.39±6.07a246.93±6.44b2.07±0.03a1.30±0.33b中度污染轻度污染
G62393.39±6.07a302.72±15.25b2.07±0.03a1.59±0.23a中度污染轻度污染
Y120393.39±6.07a307.32±16.76b2.07±0.03a1.62±0.09a中度污染轻度污染
), ArticleFig(id=1276465382059807137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同桑树品种种植前后尾矿库土壤As和Ni含量变化

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元素Element品种Variety元素质量分数Element mass fraction/(mg·kg–1污染指数Pollution index污染程度Pollution level
种植前Before planting种植后After planting种植前Before planting种植后After planting种植前Before planting种植后After planting
AsG1288.19±2.59a75.08±1.59b3.53±0.10a3.00±0.06b重度污染重度污染
G6288.19±2.59a69.25±4.60b3.53±0.10a2.77±0.18b重度污染中度污染
Y12088.19±2.59a80.79±4.43a3.53±0.10a3.23±0.18a重度污染重度污染
NiG12393.39±6.07a246.93±6.44b2.07±0.03a1.30±0.33b中度污染轻度污染
G62393.39±6.07a302.72±15.25b2.07±0.03a1.59±0.23a中度污染轻度污染
Y120393.39±6.07a307.32±16.76b2.07±0.03a1.62±0.09a中度污染轻度污染
), ArticleFig(id=1276465382126916002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Enrichment and transfer ability of As and Ni in different mulberry varieties

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元素Element品种Variety元素质量分数Element mass fraction/(mg·kg–1转运系数TF富集系数BCF
土壤Soil根Root茎Stem叶Leaf
AsG1275.08±1.59a2.87±0.76b0.89±0.53a1.92±0.38b1.04±0.35a0.08±0.00a
G6269.25±4.60a3.09±0.37b0.96±0.09a2.20±0.32b1.02±0.02a0.09±0.01a
Y12080.79±4.43a5.01±1.02a1.14±0.23a4.44±1.02a1.11±0.03a0.14±0.04a
NiG12246.93±6.44b18.02±1.54b26.18±1.35a26.01±1.29b3.16±0.40a0.33±0.05a
G62302.72±15.25a30.14±1.24a17.21±1.39b31.03±2.79a1.74±0.23b0.25±0.01a
Y120307.32±16.76a33.80±2.17a13.77±1.34c24.13±0.89b1.19±0.21b0.24±0.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1276465382210802083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276175651564552752, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同桑树品种对As和Ni的富集转移能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素Element品种Variety元素质量分数Element mass fraction/(mg·kg–1转运系数TF富集系数BCF
土壤Soil根Root茎Stem叶Leaf
AsG1275.08±1.59a2.87±0.76b0.89±0.53a1.92±0.38b1.04±0.35a0.08±0.00a
G6269.25±4.60a3.09±0.37b0.96±0.09a2.20±0.32b1.02±0.02a0.09±0.01a
Y12080.79±4.43a5.01±1.02a1.14±0.23a4.44±1.02a1.11±0.03a0.14±0.04a
NiG12246.93±6.44b18.02±1.54b26.18±1.35a26.01±1.29b3.16±0.40a0.33±0.05a
G62302.72±15.25a30.14±1.24a17.21±1.39b31.03±2.79a1.74±0.23b0.25±0.01a
Y120307.32±16.76a33.80±2.17a13.77±1.34c24.13±0.89b1.19±0.21b0.24±0.03a
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As和Ni超标矿山土壤对不同桑树品种生长及根际微生物多样性的影响
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吴春标 1, 2 , 谢云会 2, 3 , 耿涛 2 , 武华周 2 , 娄德钊 2 , 王树昌 2, * , 卢芙萍 2, *
热带作物学报 | 农业生态与环境保护 2024,45(9): 1966-1977
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热带作物学报 |农业生态与环境保护 2024 , 45 (9) : 1966 -1977
As和Ni超标矿山土壤对不同桑树品种生长及根际微生物多样性的影响
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吴春标1, 2, 谢云会2, 3, 耿涛2, 武华周2, 娄德钊2, 王树昌2, * , 卢芙萍2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学,海南海口 570228
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物病虫害综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 3.贵州大学,贵州贵阳 550025
通讯作者:
* 王树昌(WANG Shuchang),E-mail:
卢芙萍(LU Fuping),E-mail:
Impact of Mine Soil Containing Excessive Arsenic and Nickel on the Growth and Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity of Different Mulberry Varieties
Chunbiao WU1, 2, Yunhui XIE2, 3, Tao GENG2, Huazhou WU2, Dezhao LOU2, Shuchang WANG2, * , Fuping LU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Institute of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Tropical Crop Pest Management, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 3.Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.022
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闭库尾矿库土壤生态修复及土地再生利用,不仅避免了随意排放风险,还能增加土地使用面积。桑树根系旺盛,抗逆性强,生物量大,用途广泛,在矿山重金属超标土壤修复和再利用中具有巨大潜力。本研究采用原土盆栽法比较3个桑树品种(Y120、G12和G62)一年生幼苗在矿区砷(As)和镍(Ni)复合污染土壤中种植60 d后的生长情况,以及桑树不同部位对As和Ni的富集差异,同时采用宏基因组分析桑树根际土壤微生物的差异,初步阐明不同桑树品种对As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤的适应能力及与其根际土壤微生物多样性间的关系。结果表明:种植60 d后,3个桑树品种根际土壤Ni的污染指数均从种植前的中度降为轻度,G62根际土壤As的污染指数则从重度污染降为中度污染。3个桑树品种的地上部分和根系生长部分均受到抑制,但G62的生长总体优于Y120和G12,G12生长较差。3个桑树品种对As的转运系数和富集系数均小于Ni,对As的富集能力为根>叶>茎,根部积累As的量占植株总量的47.33%~50.52%,品种间差异较小,但对Ni的富集能力则在不同品种间存在差异,G12、G62、Y120根部Ni积累量占植株总量依次为25.67%、38.46%和47.14%,品种间差异较大。生长较好的G62根际土壤中NocardioidesThiomonasRhizobium 3个属的丰富度显著高于G12和Y120,其中Thiomonas sp.在G62中丰富度最高,结合G62根际土壤As的污染指数下降较多的事实,说明这些属和种可能更多地参与桑树根际对As的阻隔吸收或解毒。Sphingopyxis sp.在G12中丰富度最高,该品种在体内转移和富集的As和Ni均最低,可能与其更多地参与桑树对As和Ni复合污染的解毒有关。研究结果为筛选出适宜矿区生长的抗复合重金属的桑树品种及可促进桑树在As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤生长的菌株筛选和利用奠定基础。

桑树  /  As  /  Ni  /  复合污染  /  富集  /  生长  /  根际土壤微生物  /  品种筛选

The soil ecological restoration and land recycling of the closed tailings reservoir not only avoid the risk of random discharge, but also increase the land use area. Mulberry has strong root system, strong stress resistance, large biomass and wide application. It has great potential in the remediation and reuse of heavy metals in mines. In this study, the growth of one-year-old seedlings of three mulberry varieties (Y120, G12 and G62) after 60 days of planting in arsenic and nickel combined pollution soil in the mining area and the enrichment of arsenic and nickel in different parts were compared by the original soil pot method. At the same time, the difference of rhizosphere soil microorganisms was analyzed by metagenomics to preliminarily elucidate the adaptability of different mulberry varieties to arsenic and nickel combined pollution mine soil and its relationship with rhizosphere soil microbial diversity. The results showed that after 60 days of planting, the pollution index of nickel in the rhizosphere soil of the three varieties decreased from moderate to mild before planting, and the pollution index of arsenic in the rhizosphere soil of G62 decreased from severe pollution to moderate pollution. The shoot and root growth of the three mulberry varieties were inhibited, but the growth of G62 was better than that of Y120 and G12, and the growth of G12 was worse. The transport coefficient and enrichment coefficient of arsenic in the three mulberry varieties were less than that of nickel. The enrichment ability of arsenic was root>leaf>stem. The accumulation of arsenic in roots accounted for 47.33%-50.52% of the total plant, and the difference between varieties was not significant. However, the enrichment ability of nickel was different among different varieties. The accumulation of nickel in roots accounted for 25.67% (G12), 38.46% (G62) and 47.14% (Y120) of the total plant, and the difference between varieties was significant. The richness of Nocardioides, Thiomonas and Rhizobium in the rhizosphere soil of G62 with better growth was significantly higher than that of G12 and Y120, and the richness of Thiomonas sp. in G62 was the highest. Combined with the fact that the arsenic pollution index of G62 rhizosphere soil decreased more, these genera and species may be more involved in the barrier absorption or detoxification of arsenic in mulberry rhizosphere. The richness of Sphingopyxis sp. was the highest in G12, and the variety had the lowest arsenic and nickel transferred and enriched in the body, which may be related to its more participation in the detoxification of arsenic and nickel combined pollution in mulberry. The results of this study will lay a foundation for the screening of mulberry varieties resistant to compound heavy metals that are suitable for the growth of mining areas and the screening and utilization of strains that can promote the growth of mulberry in the soil of arsenic and nickel combined pollution mines.

mulberry  /  As  /  Ni  /  combined pollution  /  enrichment  /  growth  /  rhizosphere soil microorganisms  /  screening varieties
吴春标, 谢云会, 耿涛, 武华周, 娄德钊, 王树昌, 卢芙萍. As和Ni超标矿山土壤对不同桑树品种生长及根际微生物多样性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1966 -1977 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.022
Chunbiao WU, Yunhui XIE, Tao GENG, Huazhou WU, Dezhao LOU, Shuchang WANG, Fuping LU. Impact of Mine Soil Containing Excessive Arsenic and Nickel on the Growth and Rhizosphere Microbial Diversity of Different Mulberry Varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (9) : 1966 -1977 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.022
矿山资源的开采,形成众多废弃尾矿库[1]。从矿石中提取1 t金属会产生2~12 t尾矿[2],废弃的尾矿中存在大量重金属,这些重金属有时在尾矿中比未开采的土壤高10~20倍[3-4]。重金属会随地表径流、雨水淋滤等自然作用向周边土壤、地下水迁移,渗入土壤[5],对周边生态环境造成严重威胁[6]。我国污染耕地约有108 hm2,中、重度污染耕地高达3.33×106 hm2[7]。重金属有富集作用,最终会通过食物链对人体健康产生极大危害[8-9],摄入过量的重金属会对人体肝脏、肾脏、消化系统和神经系统等造成不可逆的损害[10]。闭库尾矿库重金属土壤生态修复及土地再生利用[11],不仅避免了随意排放风险,还能增加土地使用面积,为人类活动提供更大空间,极大缓解当前人口、土地和资源矛盾,使尾矿库产生更高的经济和社会价值[12]
桑树根系旺盛,抗逆性强,生物量大[13-14],品种资源丰富,不同品种对于重金属的耐受性和积累性存在差异[15]。桑树对土壤复合重金属具有一定的耐受和富集能力[16],且大多数重金属主要富集于根部[17-18],而种桑养蚕模式可消除土壤中重金属通过食物链进入人体造成累积毒害危险[19],同时可获得较好的经济和社会效益[20],是矿山污染土地治理并实现作物种植结构调整的一种理想树种[21]。桑树通常在其地上和地下部分与各种微生物相互作用[22],在生物圈中,桑树与不同微生物的相互作用使它们能够获得广泛的共生优势[23],从而增强桑树的生长发育以及对重金属的胁迫耐受性[24]。桑树根部会通过激素代谢、胁迫响应、次生代谢以及信号传导、蛋白质代谢、转运和细胞壁代谢参与重金属胁迫响应[25],改变根际微环境,影响根部土壤微生物群落结构、功能和多样性。根际微生物可直接影响重金属形态的迁移和转化,因此,桑树对重金属的耐性和转移具有重要作用[26]
近年来因海南某矿区部分开采结束,产生废弃尾矿库,As和Ni超标。不同桑树品种对As和Ni复合污染的积累特性和土壤微生物的相关研究尚无报道,本研究比较3个不同品种桑树对矿区As和Ni复合污染土壤种植60 d后不同部位对As和Ni的富集差异,同时采用宏基因组分析根际微生物组的差异,以明确不同桑树品种对As和Ni复合污染土壤的适应能力以及与桑树根际微生物多样性间的关系,为筛选适宜矿区生长且耐As和Ni复合污染的桑树品种,以及为可促进桑树在As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤生长的菌株筛选和利用奠定基础。
土样采集地为海南省某铁矿尾矿库,尾矿库土壤总体营养物质含量较低,无植被覆盖,尾矿库已闭库。尾矿库土壤营养参数:含水量为1.98%,pH为7.80,总氮含量为0.01%,全磷含量为377.75 mg/kg,有效磷含量为0.85 mg/kg,有机碳含量为7.48 g/kg,微生物碳含量为139.69 mg/kg,微生物氮含量为49.57 mg/kg,溶解性有机碳含量为67.14 mg/kg。重金属含量检测为As和Ni超标,其中As含量为88.19 mg/kg,达重度污染,Ni含量为393.39 mg/kg,为中度污染。
于2022年4月9日每个点按100 m×200 m布设土壤采样点位,共布设3个土壤样品采集点位,每个采样点位采10个分样点的土样并进行混合,采样深度为0~20 cm,去除小石块和其他非土壤成分。所取每个点位混合土壤均按照四分法各取1 kg进行pH、重金属含量及主要营养元素测定。之后在矿区土壤中补充主要营养元素(N、P、K)至与周边正常土壤一致,装入花盆中种植桑苗,种植后不再施肥。
供试3个桑树品种分别为Y120、G62和G12,均为同水平种植的一年生种子苗,属于热带亚热带栽培品种,产量高,抗逆性强。于2022年4月10日种植,随机选取长势一致的3个品种各30株,并统一修剪至15 cm高度,单株种植于装有10 kg尾矿库土壤的花盆(直径33 cm,高22 cm)。每个花盆之间的间距约为10 cm,每天早上8:00浇水,保持土壤相对湿度为60%~70%。以正常土壤种植为对照。60 d后对植株和土壤分别进行采样。
于2022年6月11日对3个桑树品种随机各选取9株,并平均分成3组,每组3株,将每组土壤和桑树分离,每组土壤混匀后取1000 g,研磨后过100目筛,用于重金属含量测定;每组桑树分别用灭菌毛笔刷取根际土壤,土壤混匀后用液氮速冻后保存于-80 ℃冰箱,用于宏基因组测序,分析不同桑树品种根际土壤微生物的种属变化;每组桑树洗去根部附着土壤,用超纯水冲洗,吸干水分后称量植株鲜质量,并将根、茎和叶分开,70 ℃烘干至恒重,研磨并过100目筛,用于重金属含量测定。
取(10.0±0.1)g土壤加入25 mL水,密封、搅拌5 min,静置2 h后,参照NY/T 1377—2007测定土壤pH;参照HJ 680—2013采用原子荧光法测定土壤As含量;采用ICP-MS法测定土壤Cd、Cr和Pb含量;参照HJ 491—2019采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤Ni含量。
称取植物样品0.50 g,加入5 mL 68%硝酸(HNO3)浸泡过夜。再加入10 mL HNO3、5 mL HClO4加热消煮蒸发至透明,继续蒸发至溶液冒浓厚白烟,冷却,用1% HNO3冲洗过滤于25 mL比色管中,用蒸馏水定容至25 mL,采用原子分光光度计测定桑树各部位重金属含量。
采用DNA提取试剂盒提取所有样品的总DNA。完成基因组DNA提取后,使用琼脂糖凝胶电泳(AGE)分析DNA的纯度和完整性,使用NanoDrop检测DNA的纯度(OD260/OD280),使用Qubit对DNA浓度进行精确定量以完成对提取DNA的检测。
检测合格的DNA样品用超声波破碎仪随机打断成长度为所需片段,然后进行末端修复,3ʹ端加A,连接测序接头,进行PCR扩增与纯化后,构建测序文库。文库构建完成后,先使用Qubit 2.0进行初步定量,稀释文库至1 ng/μL,随后使用Agilent 2100对文库的insert size进行检测,insert size符合预期后,使用Q-PCR方法对文库的有效浓度进行准确定量(文库有效浓度>2 nmol/L),以保证文库质量。库检合格后,把不同文库按照有效浓度及目标下机数据量的需求pooling后进行PE125/150/250,使用Illumina HiSeq 2500进行测序。
测序结束后对结果进行宏基因组信息分析,利用基因组比对软件BWA,将过滤后的clean reads与宿主参考序列进行比对,将比对到宿主的序列去除后,剩余的clean reads与细菌(或病毒)参考序列进行比对。采用Illumina二代测序的短序列拼接软件SOAPdenovo,Velvet和SPAdes短序列组装软件均基于de-Bruijn算法进行构图,对测序序列进行简化、纠错;reads取K-mer后基于overlap形成contig;contig基于reads的双末端关系组成scaffold;最后scaffold延伸得到组装序列。采用MetaGeneMark软件对组装序列进行基因预测,将预测出来的基因与Swiss-Prot数据库中的序列进行比对,得到注释信息。
计算不同取样深度下Observed species、Chao1、Simpson和Shannon Index 4种Alpha多样性指标值,绘制实际观测到的物种稀释曲线图、推测出物种指数稀释曲线图、物种均一性稀释曲线图、综合稀释曲线图,分析样品间物种的类别丰富度以及物种数目的均匀度。对样品进行Beta多样性分析,使用Unifrac算法计算不同样品之间的Unifrac距离,以Unifrac距离绘制Heatmap,分析不同样品之间微生物群落结构的相似性或差异性。绘制不同桑树品种根际土壤微生物属水平上的物种丰度热图,分析不同桑树品种微生物群落菌属组成的相似性和差异性。
重金属单因子污染指数(Pi)=土壤中污染元素的实测含量/土壤污染元素的评价标准。Pi≤1表示无污染,1.0<Pi≤2.0表示轻度污染,2.0<Pi≤3.0表示中度污染,Pi>3.0表示重度污染。
转运系数(TF)=植物地上部重金属元素含量/植物地下部重金属元素含量。
富集系数(BCF)=植物体内重金属元素含量/土壤中对应重金属元素含量。
采用Microsoft Excel 2013软件计算不同桑树品种根际土壤重金属污染指数、不同桑树品种对重金属的富集系数以及在桑树中的迁移系数等。采用IBM SPSS Statistic 25软件邓肯氏新复极差检验法进行差异显著分析。
种植60 d后,与正常土壤种植(CK)相比,3个桑树品种的生长均受到不同程度的影响,其中,G62的影响程度最小,而且长势最好,其次为Y120,G12影响程度最大,长势最弱。3个桑树品种的株高均显著下降,但是叶片数与株高不同,种植在尾矿库土壤后,G62的叶片数量增加,而G12和Y120的叶片数却显著减少(图1图2)。表明桑树品种G62的耐胁迫能力最强,能在尾矿库土壤中较好生长。
3个桑树品种种植60 d后,土壤pH为7.6,As和Ni含量均较种植前下降。其中,种植G62后土壤As含量从88.19 mg/kg降至69.25 mg/kg,降低了21.47%,土壤污染指数从种植前的3.53降至2.77,从重度污染降为中度污染;种植G12后土壤As含量降至75.08 mg/kg,降低了14.86%,土壤污染指数降至3.00,但仍为重度污染;种植Y120后土壤As含量降至80.79 mg/kg,降低了8.39%,土壤污染指数降至3.23,也仍为重度污染。种植G62后土壤Ni含量从393.39 mg/kg降至302.72 mg/kg,降低了23.05%,土壤污染指数从种植前的2.07降至1.59,从中度污染降为轻度污染;种植G12后土壤Ni含量降至246.93 mg/kg,降低了37.23%,土壤污染指数降至1.30,从中度污染降为轻度污染;种植Y120后土壤Ni含量降为307.32 mg/kg,降低了21.88%,土壤污染指数降为1.62,从中度污染降为轻度污染(表1)。
种植60 d后,3个桑树品种As和Ni含量及对As和Ni的转移系数及富集系数见表2。种植60 d后,3个桑树品种植株内的As和Ni含量存在一定差异,其中,Y120植株内的As含量最高,为10.59 mg/kg,其次为G62(6.25 mg/kg),最低为G12(5.68 g/kg)。G62的Ni含量最高,为78.38 mg/kg,其次为Y120(71.7 mg/kg),G12最低(70.21 mg/kg)。
3个桑树品种地上部分对As和Ni的转运系数均大于1(表2),但对As的转移能力均低于Ni,对Ni的转移系数最高可达3.16(G12),最低为1.19(Y120),G62居中,为1.74。3个品种对As和Ni的富集系数均较低,在As和Ni重度或中度污染环境中可生长,可能存在避性而使其能够在较高质量浓度的As和Ni复合污染土壤中生长,因此可作为As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤修复的先锋植物。
Observed species和Chao1分别反映了G12、G62和Y120根际土壤样本中实际检测到的微生物物种数量和外推微生物物种数量,可直观比较不同桑树品种根际微生物群落的物种丰富度。随着取样加深,曲线均趋向平坦,G12、G62和Y120实际检测到的物种和外推物种丰富度相近(图3A图3B)。Simpson index可衡量每个样本中物种分布的均匀程度,Shannon index是综合考虑样本中物种丰富度与均匀度的一个多样性指数。由图3C图3D可知,3个桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤后,根际土壤微生物群落不仅在物种分布均匀度上相似,而且在物种丰富度及其相对丰度的组合方面也无显著差异。
Unifrac分析基于物种组成和物种丰度数据,通过计算每个群落中物种的相对丰度来评估群落的相似性和差异性。Unifrac分析可视化结果能够直观展示样本间微生物组成的相似性和差异性。每个小方格的颜色代表2个样本间的Unifrac值,颜色越深表示差异越大,颜色越浅则表示相似度越高。不同桑树品种种植于尾矿库土壤60 d后,G12和G62之间的颜色较浅,表明它们之间相似度较高,微生物群落组成具有较大相似性;Y120与G12、G62之间的颜色较深,表明它们之间相似度较低,微生物群落组成具有较大的差异(图4)。
种植于As和Ni超标矿山土壤60 d后,不同桑树品种根际土壤微生物属和种水平丰度均存在显著差异,其中G12和G62的物种丰富度水平相近,分别检测到62个和61个类群,Y120仅检测到50个类群(图5)。
不同桑树品种根际土壤微生物属组成分析表明,G12和G62的根际土壤微生物属组成较为相似,而与Y120组成具有显著差异(图6)。NocardioidesThiomonasRhizobium 3个属在G62根际土壤中丰富度较高,分别达5.22、3.15和2.43,显著高于G12(1.45、0.93和1.28)和Y120(0.48、0.15和1.16),结合G62根际土壤As的污染指数下降较多,而生长情况优于G12和Y120的现象,说明这些属可能更多地参与桑树根际对As的阻隔吸收或解毒,降低了其对桑树生长的影响。ActinoplanesRhodopseudomonasPseudoxanthomonasVariovoraxAchromobacteBradyrhizobium 6个属在Y120根际土壤中的丰富度较高,分别为7.66、5.34、5.05、3.65、2.27和1.23,显著高于G12(2.69、3.63、3.48、2.62、1.10和0.65)和G62(1.45、3.76、0.65、2.32、0.33和0.55),结合Y120对As的转运和富集系数均高于G62和G12,这些属可能与桑树对As的转运和富集有关。相比其他2个品种,G12生长最差,其根际微生物中SphaerobacterBrevundimonas 2个属的丰富度显著高于G62和Y120,SphingopyxisSphingobium 2个属显著高于G62。
不同桑树品种根际土壤微生物种的组成分析表明(图7),Sphingopyxis sp.、Rhodopseudomonas palustrisVariovorax sp.在3个桑树品种根际土壤中的丰富度均超过2.00,其中Sphingopyxis sp.在G12中丰富度最高,达6.01,而该品种植株内转移和富集的As和Ni均最低,说明Sphingopyxis sp.可能与桑树对As和Ni复合污染的解毒有关。Sphingobium sp.、Actinoplanes sp.和Thiomonas sp.均超过1.00。Sphingopyxis sp.、Rhodopseudomonas palustrisVariovorax sp.、Sphingobium sp.和Actinoplanes sp. 5种菌在Y120和G12两个品种根际土壤中的丰富度均显著高于G62,可能与其更多参与桑树对As和Ni复合污染的解毒有关;而Thiomonas sp.在G62中可能与其更多参与桑树对As的解毒有关。
目前,关于重金属污染土壤对桑树影响的研究主要集中在单一重金属污染上,特别是镉污染[27-29],但是在实际的重金属污染土壤中,土壤污染多以多种重金属污染共存的状态存在[30-31],因此,研究复合重金属污染土壤对桑树生长的影响具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究开展As和Ni复合污染矿山土壤中不同桑树品种的生长特性和耐受性及其与根际土壤微生物多样性的关系研究,为利用适宜当地气候环境的桑树品种修复和再利用矿山土壤提供有效途径。
研究发现,在As和Ni重、中度污染矿区土壤中种植60 d后,3个桑树品种地上部分的生长受到不同程度的抑制。As可以通过磷吸收系统和质膜进入植物,与磷竞争结合位点[32-34],还可以与生物大分子结合,导致结构变化和功能破坏,影响酶活性和细胞功能,并诱导氧化应激和其他对植物生长产生负面影响的生理反应[35-36]。然而,郑鹏飞等[37]的研究中,As和Cd的污染指数远高于本研究的矿山土壤,而供试桑树品种湘7920生长完好,无胁迫症状。可能与不同桑树品种对As的耐受程度存在较大差异有关,也可能是As和Ni复合污染对桑树的生长发育影响较As和Cd复合污染更大,后续有待进一步研究证实。重金属在植物根际细胞壁中的固定或螯合是植物生长的一个重要解毒过程[38],在本研究中,观察到与叶和茎相比,3个桑树品种在根部表现出更高的As富集能力,能够积累近一半的总As含量,表明桑树的根部可能具有固定As的能力,从而降低As对地上部分的毒性,而本研究3个桑树品种对As的富集和转运系数均较低,但对Ni的富集和转运系数却均较高,同时也发现,不同桑树品种的不同部位对Ni的富集能力与As不同,尤其是根部,3个品种差异较大,G12地上部分转移Ni的能力最强,显著强于G62和Y120,其生长所受抑制也最强,表现出较少的分枝和叶片,这可能是由于Ni胁迫引起的。研究表明,土壤中Ni含量的增加会抑制植物发芽、叶片斑点和黄化、减少根和芽的生长等,同时也会影响植物的Fe吸收,最终导致作物产量的损失[39]。另一方面,G62中Ni转移到叶片的能力较强,可能与其生理机制的发展,如将重金属储存在液泡和叶脉中的主动转运,从而降低它们的毒性并确保植物的正常生长有关[40]。研究发现桑树对重金属的富集能力Cd>Ni>Cr>As[41],本研究的3个桑树品种对Ni的富集能力强于As,且可将Ni的污染指数从中度污染降为轻度,其中G12使土壤Ni含量降了37.23%,可进一步研究利用G12作为Ni修复的潜力和机制。
本研究中G62在As和Ni污染矿山土壤中生长较好,分枝和叶片数量增多,可能与其根际土壤中的ThiomonasRhizobiumNocardioides丰度较高有关。土壤微生物的大量繁殖会进一步提高土壤的生物肥力和物理肥力,从而提高土壤中N、P、K等矿质营养元素的利用率,形成良性循环,有利于植物的生长并可增强植株抗逆性[42]Thiomonas可以利用As作为能源自养,提高植物的固碳能,还可以使用As(III)作为唯一的能量来源进行自养生长,诱导其固碳特异性酶的表达,从而提高其固碳能[43],G62根际土壤中的Thiomonas sp.丰度较高,可能促进了G62对碳的固定能力,从而部分补偿了土壤中碳的不足,使G62可较好生长,发出更多的分枝,长出更多的叶片。Rhizobium对As表现出高度的耐受性,并且可提高宿主根瘤数,增加宿主植株的地上部分氮含量,为植物提供可利用的氮[44-45]。G62根际土壤中的Rhizobium etli丰度较高,可能为其他根际微生物和桑树植株提供生物可利用的氮,在As和Ni超标土壤修复中发挥积极作用。Nocardioides在多种As污染的根际土壤中富集,与As含量呈正相关[46]。本研究中Nocardioides sp.在生长良好的G62根际土壤中丰富度较高,可能该品种在As的抗性和转化中发挥着重要作用。RhodopseudomonasBradyrhizobium均具有氧化As的能力,能把高毒性的三价As氧化为低毒的五价As,不利于植物吸收,且Rhodopseudomonas有多种解毒机制,可有效去除环境中As的污染[47-48]。Y120根际土壤中的Rhodopseudomonas palustrisBradyrhizobium japonicum在3个桑树品种根际土壤中的丰度均较高,可能主要参与桑树对As的解毒过程。
桑树作为我国广泛分布的多年生木本植物,对土壤和环境的适应性强,生长速度快,根系发达,生物量大,耐剪伐,对重金属具有一定的富集和耐受能力,在修复土壤重金属污染方面的应用价值日益突出[47-48]。本研究中,在As和Ni复合污染的尾矿库土壤中种植桑树60 d后,G62的分枝数和叶片数增加,生长较好,且能使根际土壤的As和Ni含量分别降低21.47%和23.05%,污染指数均下降,结合其根际Rhodopseudomonas palustrisBradyrhizobium japonicumThiomonas sp.、Rhizobium etliNocardioides sp.丰度较高的现象,推荐可将G62作为铁矿尾矿库修复和再利用的优良桑树品种,并通过进一步验证微生物的促生作用,选择添加合适的菌株,以更好发挥G62对As和Ni复合污染土壤中的修复和利用价值,不仅可通过根部吸收转运和固定As和Ni,桑叶用于养蚕,部分As和Ni又可转移至蚕沙被无害化处理,实现尾矿生态修复和蚕桑高效安全利用模式。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022SHFZ319)
  • 现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-18-SYZ17)
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2024年第45卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.022
  • 接收时间:2024-03-14
  • 首发时间:2026-06-23
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-14
  • 修回日期:2024-04-17
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022SHFZ319)
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-18-SYZ17)
作者信息
    1.海南大学,海南海口 570228
    2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物病虫害综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    3.贵州大学,贵州贵阳 550025

通讯作者:

* 王树昌(WANG Shuchang),E-mail:
卢芙萍(LU Fuping),E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.09.022
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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