Article(id=1237814989088682202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746201600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1749139200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-06, onlineDate=1773047690889, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047690889, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047690889, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047690889, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2436, endPage=2446, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814989445198068, articleId=1237814989088682202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Nutrient Contents and Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Soil and Leaf of Coffee from the Main Coffee Producing Areas of Yunnan, China, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

It was aimed to understand the nutrient contents in soil and the characteristics of ecological stoichiometry in the main coffee producing areas of Yunnan Province, Baoshan, Pu'er, and Xishuangbanna. The nutrient content and ecological stoichiometry of both coffee soil and leaves were assessed, thereby enhancing our understanding of the interplay between crops and soil elements while also revealing the status of soil nutrient limitations. Among the regions studied, the C content in Baoshan soil was significantly lower than that of Xishuangbanna (P<0.05), and C/N ratio in Baoshan soil was notably lower than that of Xishuangbanna and Pu'er, while N/P ratio in Baoshan was significantly higher than that of Pu'er coffee. The C content of coffee leaves in Pu'er was more than that of both Baoshan and Xishuangbanna significantly. There were obvious differences in C content and C/N ratios among the leaves from the regions (P<0.01). Leaf N/P threshold analysis indicated that Pu'er coffee had an N/P ratio ranging between 14 and 16, suggesting growth constraints due to both N and P elements, while leaf N/P ratio exceeded 16 for Baoshan and Xishuangbanna coffees, indicating a restriction primarily by phosphorus. Correlation analyses revealed a highly significant positive correlation between C and N levels within coffee soils (P<0.01). Moreover, significant positive correlations were observed between leaf C with C/N ratio and C/P ratio (P<0.01), alongside a notable positive correlation between leaf carbon content and soil nitrogen levels (P<0.01). The results indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus were the limiting factors for Pu'er coffee cultivation and applying nitrogen and phosphorus in production is advisable. In contrast, phosphorus was the primary limiting factor for both Baoshan's and Xishuangbanna's coffees production, therefore, appropriate application of phosphorus should be recommended.

, correspAuthors=Qianrui HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*HUANG Qianrui,E-mail:
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为了解云南咖啡主产区土壤养分含量及生态化学计量特征,以云南保山、普洱和西双版纳3个咖啡主产区咖啡作为研究对象,测定咖啡土壤和叶片养分含量及生态化学计量比,深入了解作物与土壤元素之间的相互关系,揭示土壤养分限制状况。研究结果表明:(1)3个主产区中,保山产区土壤碳(C)含量显著低于西双版纳产区(P<0.05),保山产区土壤碳氮比(C/N)显著低于西双版纳和普洱产区,保山产区土壤氮磷比(N/P)显著高于普洱产区;(2)普洱产区咖啡叶片C含量极显著高于保山和西双版纳产区,三个产区之间叶片C/N差异极显著(P<0.01)。通过叶片N/P阈值分析发现,普洱产区咖啡叶片N/P介于14~16之间,说明生长受到氮(N)、磷(P)元素双重限制,而保山、西双版纳产区咖啡叶片N/P>16,说明生长受到P元素的限制。(3)从相关性分析来看,土壤C含量与N含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。咖啡叶片C含量与C/N、C/N与C/P呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。咖啡叶片C含量与土壤N含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,普洱产区咖啡的限制元素是N和P,在土壤管理过程中,应增施氮肥和磷肥;保山、西双版纳产区咖啡的限制元素是P,在土壤管理过程中,可适当增施磷肥,从而促进咖啡植株的生长,保障咖啡的健康与持续产出。

, correspAuthors=黄茜蕊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*黄茜蕊,E-mail:
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吕玉(1991—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:土壤环境。

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吕玉(1991—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:土壤环境。

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吕玉(1991—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:土壤环境。

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Leaf N and P stoichiometry characteristics and their relationships with environmental factors of different functional groups in herb community at northern slope of Tianshan Mountain in Ili of Xinjian[J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 37-49. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Leaf N and P stoichiometry characteristics and their relationships with environmental factors of different functional groups in herb community at northern slope of Tianshan Mountain in Ili of Xinjian, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815003072492396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=7, pageStart=682, pageEnd=713, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=66, authorNames=田地, 严正兵, 方精云, journalName=植物生态学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田地, 严正兵, 方精云. 植物生态化学计量特征及其主要假说[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(7): 682-713., articleTitle=植物生态化学计量特征及其主要假说, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815003156378477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=7, pageStart=682, pageEnd=713, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=67, authorNames=TIAN D, YAN Z B, FANG J Y, journalName=Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TIAN D, YAN Z B, FANG J Y. Review on characteristics and main hypotheses of plant ecological stoichiometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(7): 682-713. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Review on characteristics and main hypotheses of plant ecological stoichiometry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815003223487342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=22, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=68, authorNames=晁鑫艳, 卫玺玺, 郑景明, 唐可欣, 万龙, 周金星, journalName=植物资源与环境学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=晁鑫艳, 卫玺玺, 郑景明, 唐可欣, 万龙, 周金星. 贺兰山西坡不同生活型植物叶片化学计量特征及其环境影响因子分析[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 22-33., articleTitle=贺兰山西坡不同生活型植物叶片化学计量特征及其环境影响因子分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815003294790511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=32, issue=6, pageStart=22, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=69, authorNames=CHAO X Y, WEI X X, ZHENG J M, TANG K X, WAN L, ZHOU J X, journalName=Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHAO X Y, WEI X X, ZHENG J M, TANG K X, WAN L, ZHOU J X. Leaf stoichiometric characteristics of different life form plants on the western slope of Helan Mountain and analysis on their environmental impact factors[J]. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 22-33. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Leaf stoichiometric characteristics of different life form plants on the western slope of Helan Mountain and analysis on their environmental impact factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815003361899376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=10, pageStart=2245, pageEnd=2253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=70, authorNames=张昂, 张尧榆, 卢志青, 李丽华, 董云萍, 林兴军, 赵青云, 孙燕, 谭军, 龙宇宙, journalName=西南农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张昂, 张尧榆, 卢志青, 李丽华, 董云萍, 林兴军, 赵青云, 孙燕, 谭军, 龙宇宙. 土壤微生物群落结构与功能对咖啡果皮覆盖的响应[J]. 西南农业学报, 2023, 36(10): 2245-2253., articleTitle=土壤微生物群落结构与功能对咖啡果皮覆盖的响应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815003424813937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=36, issue=10, pageStart=2245, pageEnd=2253, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=71, authorNames=ZHANG A, ZHANG Y Y, LU Z Q, LI L H, DONG Y P, LIN X J, ZHAO Q Y, SUN Y, TAN J, LONG Y Z, journalName=Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG A, ZHANG Y Y, LU Z Q, LI L H, DONG Y P, LIN X J, ZHAO Q Y, SUN Y, TAN J, LONG Y Z. Response of soil microbial community structure and functions to coffee peel mulching[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 36(10): 2245-2253. 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Center Laboratory of Geological and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814991068393874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, companyId=1237814991055810962, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南省地质矿产勘查开发局中心实验室,云南昆明 650200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237814993773720145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=The contents of C, N and P in soils of different origins and the stoichiometric ratios of C/N、C/P、N/P (A) and their correlations analysis (B)

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in coffee of different origin (P<0.05); * indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=h9mvYdIWirq4Aii1rla4yg==, figureFileBig=RDXnmmnSRELEoL+6CXYLEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814993886966359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同产区土壤C、N、P含量与C/N、C/P、N/P(A)及其相关性分析(B)

不同小写字母表示不同产区咖啡差异显著(P<0.05);*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=h9mvYdIWirq4Aii1rla4yg==, figureFileBig=RDXnmmnSRELEoL+6CXYLEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994121847394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=The contents of C, N and P in coffee leaves from different origins and the stoichiometric ratios of C/N、C/P、N/P (A) and their correlations analysis (B)

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in coffee of different origin (P<0.05); * indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=qFntVyWpyoAcMmV9pQg2bw==, figureFileBig=twyHKnaFnRRs8vVTX6j3YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994243482215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同产区咖啡叶片C、N、P含量与C/N、C/P、N/P(A)及其相关性分析(B)

不同小写字母表示不同产区咖啡差异显著(P<0.05);*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=qFntVyWpyoAcMmV9pQg2bw==, figureFileBig=twyHKnaFnRRs8vVTX6j3YA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994327368301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Correlations analysis among ccrbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents and stoichiometric ratio in coffee leaves and soils

* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=ngZOwP16iZxbj4xQI/JvAg==, figureFileBig=MMC1roLzJR6ysqjuI1vv2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994419642995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=CN, label=图3, caption=咖啡叶片和土壤C、N、P含量及其与C/N、C/P、N/P的相关性分析

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=ngZOwP16iZxbj4xQI/JvAg==, figureFileBig=MMC1roLzJR6ysqjuI1vv2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994516111994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Correlation analysis between contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and stoichiometric ratio in soil, leaf and environmental factors

* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=rKVSlA0cmEqU/Md4Jmeq2Q==, figureFileBig=bl+RLtCfl2A9B+cDHhPxvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994658718334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=CN, label=图4, caption=咖啡土壤、叶片C、N、P含量及C/N、C/P、N/P与环境因子之间的相关性分析

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=rKVSlA0cmEqU/Md4Jmeq2Q==, figureFileBig=bl+RLtCfl2A9B+cDHhPxvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994750993026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Climatic conditions of coffee sampling sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样地点
Sampling site
气候条件Climatic conditions
年太阳辐射量
Annual solar radiation/(kcal·cm‒2
年均气温
Average annual temperature/℃
极端低温
Extreme low temperature/℃
年降雨量
Annual rainfall/mm
年日照时数
Annual sunshine hours/h
相对湿度
Relative humidity/%
平均风速
Average wind speed/(m·s‒1
保山市潞江坝133.421.50.2751.42333.7701.3
普洱市思茅区129.817.8‒2.51514.12131.3821.1
西双版纳州景洪市128.024.39.3627.51966.2831.0
), ArticleFig(id=1237814994860044935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814989088682202, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

咖啡采集地气候条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样地点
Sampling site
气候条件Climatic conditions
年太阳辐射量
Annual solar radiation/(kcal·cm‒2
年均气温
Average annual temperature/℃
极端低温
Extreme low temperature/℃
年降雨量
Annual rainfall/mm
年日照时数
Annual sunshine hours/h
相对湿度
Relative humidity/%
平均风速
Average wind speed/(m·s‒1
保山市潞江坝133.421.50.2751.42333.7701.3
普洱市思茅区129.817.8‒2.51514.12131.3821.1
西双版纳州景洪市128.024.39.3627.51966.2831.0
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云南3个咖啡主产区土壤和咖啡叶片养分含量及生态化学计量特征
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吕玉 1 , 孟石荣 1 , 周晓华 2 , 侯明兴 2 , 黄茜蕊 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(10): 2436-2446
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热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025, 46(10): 2436-2446
云南3个咖啡主产区土壤和咖啡叶片养分含量及生态化学计量特征
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吕玉1, 孟石荣1, 周晓华2, 侯明兴2, 黄茜蕊1, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南国土资源职业学院资源环境学院,云南昆明 650217
  • 2.云南省地质矿产勘查开发局中心实验室,云南昆明 650200
  • 吕玉(1991—),女,硕士,讲师,研究方向:土壤环境。

通讯作者:

*黄茜蕊,E-mail:
Nutrient Contents and Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Soil and Leaf of Coffee from the Main Coffee Producing Areas of Yunnan, China
Yu LYU1, Shirong MENG1, Xiaohua ZHOU2, Mingxing HOU2, Qianrui HUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Vocational College of Land and Resources, Kunming, Yunnan 650217, China
  • 2. Center Laboratory of Geological and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650200, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.014
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为了解云南咖啡主产区土壤养分含量及生态化学计量特征,以云南保山、普洱和西双版纳3个咖啡主产区咖啡作为研究对象,测定咖啡土壤和叶片养分含量及生态化学计量比,深入了解作物与土壤元素之间的相互关系,揭示土壤养分限制状况。研究结果表明:(1)3个主产区中,保山产区土壤碳(C)含量显著低于西双版纳产区(P<0.05),保山产区土壤碳氮比(C/N)显著低于西双版纳和普洱产区,保山产区土壤氮磷比(N/P)显著高于普洱产区;(2)普洱产区咖啡叶片C含量极显著高于保山和西双版纳产区,三个产区之间叶片C/N差异极显著(P<0.01)。通过叶片N/P阈值分析发现,普洱产区咖啡叶片N/P介于14~16之间,说明生长受到氮(N)、磷(P)元素双重限制,而保山、西双版纳产区咖啡叶片N/P>16,说明生长受到P元素的限制。(3)从相关性分析来看,土壤C含量与N含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。咖啡叶片C含量与C/N、C/N与C/P呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。咖啡叶片C含量与土壤N含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,普洱产区咖啡的限制元素是N和P,在土壤管理过程中,应增施氮肥和磷肥;保山、西双版纳产区咖啡的限制元素是P,在土壤管理过程中,可适当增施磷肥,从而促进咖啡植株的生长,保障咖啡的健康与持续产出。

养分含量  /  生态化学计量学  /  咖啡  /  叶片  /  土壤

It was aimed to understand the nutrient contents in soil and the characteristics of ecological stoichiometry in the main coffee producing areas of Yunnan Province, Baoshan, Pu'er, and Xishuangbanna. The nutrient content and ecological stoichiometry of both coffee soil and leaves were assessed, thereby enhancing our understanding of the interplay between crops and soil elements while also revealing the status of soil nutrient limitations. Among the regions studied, the C content in Baoshan soil was significantly lower than that of Xishuangbanna (P<0.05), and C/N ratio in Baoshan soil was notably lower than that of Xishuangbanna and Pu'er, while N/P ratio in Baoshan was significantly higher than that of Pu'er coffee. The C content of coffee leaves in Pu'er was more than that of both Baoshan and Xishuangbanna significantly. There were obvious differences in C content and C/N ratios among the leaves from the regions (P<0.01). Leaf N/P threshold analysis indicated that Pu'er coffee had an N/P ratio ranging between 14 and 16, suggesting growth constraints due to both N and P elements, while leaf N/P ratio exceeded 16 for Baoshan and Xishuangbanna coffees, indicating a restriction primarily by phosphorus. Correlation analyses revealed a highly significant positive correlation between C and N levels within coffee soils (P<0.01). Moreover, significant positive correlations were observed between leaf C with C/N ratio and C/P ratio (P<0.01), alongside a notable positive correlation between leaf carbon content and soil nitrogen levels (P<0.01). The results indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus were the limiting factors for Pu'er coffee cultivation and applying nitrogen and phosphorus in production is advisable. In contrast, phosphorus was the primary limiting factor for both Baoshan's and Xishuangbanna's coffees production, therefore, appropriate application of phosphorus should be recommended.

nutrient contents  /  ecological stoichiometry  /  coffee  /  leaf  /  soil
吕玉, 孟石荣, 周晓华, 侯明兴, 黄茜蕊. 云南3个咖啡主产区土壤和咖啡叶片养分含量及生态化学计量特征. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2436 -2446 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.014
Yu LYU, Shirong MENG, Xiaohua ZHOU, Mingxing HOU, Qianrui HUANG. Nutrient Contents and Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Soil and Leaf of Coffee from the Main Coffee Producing Areas of Yunnan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2436 -2446 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.014
咖啡是茜草科(Rubiaceae)咖啡属(Coffea arabica L.)多年生经济作物,其植株生长迅猛,具备产量高、价值高等特点,销售渠道广泛。咖啡与茶叶、可可齐名,作为世界三大饮料作物之一[1],展现出广泛的产业价值与深远的社会效益。云南作为中国大陆最早引种咖啡的省份,是我国咖啡种植的主产区,种植规模约占全国咖啡种植面积的98%以上,拥有丰富优质的自然资源。截至2021年,云南省咖啡种植面积达9.286万hm2,产量和产值分别为10.87万t和26.43亿元[2]。咖啡产业已成为云南省热区的重要产业,也是继香烟、茶叶之后,云南又一重要的高原特色优势产业[3]。据统计,云南咖啡种植面积和产量均逐年递增,已成为全国乃至全球重要的咖啡供应地。云南因其得天独厚的地理位置和气候条件[4],其咖啡资源的保护与利用成为众多学者关注的重点研究领域。
生态化学计量学(ecological stoichiometry)作为一门前沿交叉学科,巧妙融合了生态学、化学以及生物地球化学的核心原理,主要聚焦于探究生物体与周围环境之间元素比例关系的奥秘,尤其是碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)等关键元素,以及其比例如何影响生态系统的结构与功能。这些元素在生态系统的物质循环与能量流动中扮演着极为重要的角色[5]。生态化学计量学着重关注生命有机体内部,以及生态系统层面元素的平衡状态与耦合机制[6-7]。在生物地球化学循环进程里,C、N、P堪称关键元素,在植物器官内这些元素的含量,不仅体现植物自身的内稳性,还深刻反映元素之间复杂的相互关系。同时,通过对其化学计量比的精准分析,能够有效判断出生态系统中的限制性元素,进而评估植物对养分的利用效率[8]。土壤和植物之间存在着密不可分、相互依存的关系,一方面,土壤作为植物生长的营养库,是其获取养分的主要途径,为植物的正常生长提供必要的物质基础,创造适宜的环境条件;另一方面,植物叶片中的养分含量状况能够较为直观地反映土壤养分的供给能力。通过C、N、P的生态化学计量研究,可以深入了解植物与土壤间元素的相互关系,进而揭示土壤养分的限制状况[9]。植物体内的N、P元素作为敏感限制性元素,对植物生长具有极其重要的影响。叶片的碳氮比(C/N)、碳磷比(C/P)与植物的碳同化速率紧密相关,在一定程度上能够反映植物对营养的利用效率[10],而叶片的氮磷比(N/P)是植物生长养分限制的敏感性指数,可作为评价植物生长是否受养分限制的重要依据,精准反映土壤中N、P元素的有效性。阈值试验[11]相关研究表明,当叶片的N/P<14时,植物生长主要受到N元素的限制;当N/P>16时,植物生长则主要受P元素的制约;若N/P介于14~16区间时,意味着植物生长同时受到N、P元素的共同限制。
众多研究成果显示,土壤养分化学计量与植物叶片养分化学计量之间存在着极为紧密的关联,土壤主要通过对土壤理化性质、土壤养分有效性等方面的影响,进而影响植物叶片养分化学计量[9]。当前,对于咖啡的研究多聚焦于咖啡豆的商品特性、杯品质量[12],以及不同海拔对咖啡化学品质所产生的影响[13]。此外,陈肖等[14]有关不同树龄咖啡叶片与土壤的C、N、P生态化学计量特征研究结果表明,咖啡叶片中的N、P含量与树龄呈正相关,即随着树龄的增长,N、P含量逐渐增加;而与C含量呈负相关,即随着树龄增加,C含量逐渐减少。由此可见,深入探究咖啡C、N、P养分含量及其生态化学计量特征,对于科学指导咖啡种植过程中的种养管理、合理施肥等环节具有至关重要的意义。本研究基于生态化学计量学的角度,选取云南保山、普洱和西双版纳这3个咖啡主产区作为研究对象,通过对各产区咖啡叶片、土壤养分含量展开系统测定与分析,深入理解咖啡与土壤之间的相互作用机制,对完善和补充云南咖啡土壤养分平衡数据,丰富其生态化学计量特征研究具有重要的科学价值,同时为咖啡种植区域的土壤肥力管理提供切实可行的参考,助力农业生产实现科学化、精准化,为生态环境保护提供更为坚实的理论支撑,推动咖啡产业可持续发展。
2024年1—2月,在云南省保山市潞江坝新寨基地(海拔900~1100 m)、普洱市思茅区(海拔1100~1200 m)和西双版纳州景洪市(海拔500~600 m)3个咖啡主产区开展土壤样品采集工作。为确保采样的科学性与代表性,每个主产区设置3个标准样地,每个标准样地内设3个10 m×10 m的样方,即为3个生物学重复。采取“S”形布点法,每个样方采集0~20 cm表土层土样5个,去除植物根部及凋落物等杂质,用四分法混合为1个土壤样品,带回实验室自然风干,磨碎过0.25 mm筛,测定土壤C、N、P含量,3个咖啡采样地共计27份土样,同时记录每个取样点位的咖啡种植年限和海拔。咖啡采集地气候条件见表1
咖啡叶片样品采集与土样采集同时进行,在土样采集所对应的咖啡树上,依据方位和树冠层次进行叶片采集,沿咖啡树东、南、西、北4个方位,按照树冠外部和内部剪取无病害成熟叶片30片[9],共计27个叶片样品,用塑料袋装好带回实验室,测定叶片C、N、P含量。
采集的土壤和咖啡叶片样品经过室内处理后用于C、N、P含量测定。土壤有机碳(SOC)和植物中的C含量采用高温外热重铬酸钾法(HH-S恒温油浴)测定;土壤全氮(TN)含量采用自动定氮仪法(KQ860全自动凯氏定氮仪)测定;植物N含量采用H2SO4-H2O2消煮、奈氏比色法测定;土壤全磷(TP)含量采用HClO4-H2SO4熔融-分光光度计比色法(721可见分光光度计)测定,植物样品中P含量采用H2SO4-H2O2消煮法测定,随后通过钼锑抗比色法进行定量分析,具体操作方法参照《土壤农业化学分析方法》[15]
土壤和叶片C/N、C/P、N/P化学计量比特征采用质量比表示[16],采用Excel 2010软件对数据进行统计分析,利用“ggplot2”和“pheatmap”R包(4.0.5)进行数据整理并绘图。利用SPSS 21.0软件进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),并结合Duncan法进行多重比较,分析不同产区土壤和叶片C、N、P含量及C/N、C/P、N/P化学计量比的差异。采用Pearson相关性分析判断咖啡叶片、土壤、咖啡叶片与土壤C、N、P含量之间的关系。
图1A可知,土壤C、N、P含量分别在7.20~11.55、0.94~1.42、0.56~0.74 g/kg之间。保山产区咖啡土壤C含量显著低于西双版纳产区(P<0.05),而保山与普洱产区之间差异不显著;保山、普洱和西双版纳产区之间咖啡土壤N、P含量差异不显著。
从土壤化学计量比来看,咖啡土壤C/N、C/P和N/P分别在5.96~11.61、13.74~20.17、1.61~2.81之间。保山产区咖啡土壤C/N显著低于西双版纳和普洱产区,且差异显著(P<0.05);3个产区之间咖啡土壤C/P差异均不显著;保山产区咖啡土壤N/P显著高于普洱产区(P<0.05)。
由相关性分析结果(图1B)可知,咖啡土壤C含量与N含量、N含量与P含量、P含量与C/P、P含量与N/P、C/N与C/P、C/P和N/P之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),其中P含量和N/P的相关性系数最高,达0.692,说明它们之间存在较高的耦合关系。此外,N含量与C/N之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),C含量与P含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。
图2A可知,咖啡叶片C、N、P含量分别在79.08~119.41、7.42~8.99、0.45~0.52 g/kg之间。普洱产区咖啡叶片C含量极显著高于保山与西双版纳产区(P<0.01),同时,3个产区咖啡叶片C含量之间差异极显著;保山产区咖啡叶片N含量显著高于普洱与西双版纳产区(P<0.05);保山、普洱和西双版纳产区之间咖啡叶片P含量差异不显著。
从咖啡叶片化学计量比来看,叶片C/N、C/P和N/P分别在8.88~16.02、152.88~257.26、15.98~17.57 g/kg之间。普洱产区咖啡叶片C/N极显著高于保山与西双版纳产区(P<0.01),且3个产区之间差异极显著。保山、普洱和西双版纳产区之间咖啡叶片C/P和N/P差异不显著。
由相关性分析结果(图2B)可知,咖啡叶片C含量与C/N、C/N与C/P之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。其中,C含量与C/N的相关性系数最高,达0.879,表明二者之间高度耦合。此外,N含量与C/N、N含量与C/P、P含量与C/P、P含量与N/P之间呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而N含量与P含量、C/P与N/P之间则呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果表明咖啡叶片各养分之间存在内在联系与协同变化机制。
由咖啡叶片与土壤相关性分析结果(图3)可知,咖啡叶片C含量与土壤N含量,叶片N含量与土壤C/P、叶片C含量与土壤N含量之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。咖啡叶片C含量与土壤N/P、叶片N含量与土壤C含量、叶片C/N与土壤N含量之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。而叶片C/N与土壤C/P、叶片C/P与土壤C/N之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。此外,土壤和叶片其余各养分元素与其化学计量比之间的相关关系由元素间的相关关系决定。
由咖啡土壤、叶片C、N、P含量及C/N、C/P、N/P与环境因子之间的相关性分析(图4)可知,土壤C含量与年太阳辐射量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);土壤P含量与年日照时数呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)、与相对湿度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)、与平均风速呈显著负相关(P<0.05);土壤C/P与年太阳辐射量、年日照时数、平均风速之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与相对湿度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);土壤N/P与年日照时数呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。叶片C含量与年降雨量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与年平均气温和土壤酸碱度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);叶片N含量与平均风速、土壤酸碱度之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05);叶片C/N与年降雨量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与年平均气温呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与土壤酸碱度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。
土壤作为植物生存不可或缺的立地条件,其中的C、N、P元素是植物正常生长发育所必需的关键养分[17],这些元素含量对土壤肥力以及咖啡生长有着直接且重要的影响[18]。在本研究中,针对云南3个咖啡主产区开展调查,结果显示土壤C含量处于7.20~11.55 g/kg之间,平均值为9.78 g/kg,低于全国土壤C含量(11.12 g/kg)。N含量处于0.94~1.42 g/kg之间,平均值为1.21 g/kg,该土壤N含量高于全国平均水平。P含量处于0.56~0.74 g/kg之间,平均值为0.66 g/kg,同样高于全国土壤P含量(0.56 g/kg)。进一步对土壤元素间的相关性分析发现,土壤中的C与N、N与P之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),这一结果表明,在本研究区域内,土壤中C、N、P养分元素的循环进程并非孤立进行,而是相互耦合、彼此影响。此研究结论与张富荣等[19]、彭晓等[20]的研究结果相似,进一步验证了该区域土壤养分循环的特性具有一定的普遍性。
土壤C/N、C/P和N/P作为重要的化学计量指标,能够有效指示土壤的肥力状况[21]。具体而言,C/N可用于判断土壤有机质矿化速率的快慢程度[22],一般情况下,C/N较高意味着土壤有机质矿化相对缓慢,反之则矿化较快;C/P常被用于评估土壤中P含量的高低水平,该比值越低,通常表明土壤中P的有效性越高,植物对磷的可利用程度也就越大;N/P则能够反映土壤对植物各器官的养分供应能力,其数值变化可在一定程度上揭示土壤中氮、磷养分供应的均衡性与充足度[23]。在本次针对云南3个咖啡主产区的研究中,土壤C/N在5.96~11.61之间,明显低于全国陆地表层土壤的平均C/N(14.4)。其中,普洱和西双版纳产区咖啡土壤的C/N显著高于保山产区,这一数据差异表明,普洱和西双版纳2个产区的土壤在有机碳积累方面表现更为突出,可能与当地独特的气候条件、植被覆盖以及土壤微生物活动等因素密切相关。土壤C/P处于13.14~20.17区间,远远低于全国陆地表层土壤平均C/P(136)。土壤N/P在1.61~2.81区间,同样低于全国陆地表层土壤平均N/P(9.3)[24]。值得注意的是,保山产区咖啡土壤的N/P显著高于普洱产区,从化学计量学角度分析,这意味着保山产区咖啡土壤中可利用磷素有所下降,可能对当地咖啡的生长发育产生一定的潜在影响,在后续的咖啡种植管理过程中,需要特别关注磷素的补充与调控,以维持土壤养分的平衡,保障咖啡的优质高产。
C、N、P是植物进行生命活动不可或缺的三大营养元素,各自发挥着独特且关键的作用,C是构成植物体内众多有机化合物的最主要元素之一,N和P作为植物体内蛋白质和遗传物质的重要组成成分,对植物的新陈代谢、细胞分裂与分化等生理过程起着决定性作用。叶片C含量高表明植物生长速率慢、光合效率低,这是因为植物将更多的资源分配到C的储存而非快速生长与高效光合过程中;相反,叶片N和P含量高表明植物生长速率快、光合效率高,反映出植物处于活跃的生长代谢状态,对N、P养分的高效利用推动了生长进程[25-26]。有研究表明,植物叶片中C、N、P含量之间存在着复杂而紧密的关系,它们的关系不仅深刻影响着植物个体的生理功能,更对整个生态系统的结构、功能以及稳定性产生深远影响[27]。但在本研究中却发现咖啡叶片C含量与N含量之间缺乏显著的相关性,说明咖啡在固定C的生理过程中,对N、P等养分的利用效率及权衡策略,显著区别于其他常见的植物类群。咖啡可能进化出一套特有的碳-养分协同利用机制,以适应其特定的生长环境与生态需求。
进一步对云南3个咖啡产区的咖啡叶片进行元素含量分析发现,叶片C含量在79.08~119.41 g/kg之间,平均值为101.35 g/kg,明显低于全球植物叶片C元素含量(462 g/kg);N含量在7.42~8.99 g/kg之间,平均值为7.76 g/kg,低于全球植物叶片N元素含量(12.20 mg/g);叶片P含量在0.45~0.52 g/kg之间,平均值为0.48 g/kg,明显低于全球植物叶片P元素含量(1.8 g/kg),这一研究结果与陈肖等[14]的研究结果一致,经分析,咖啡叶片中C、N、P三种元素含量均低于全球尺度的主要原因,极有可能与咖啡种植区域的土壤养分含量偏低密切相关。土壤是植物获取养分的核心介质,其养分的匮乏直接限制咖啡对C、N、P元素的吸收与积累,进而影响叶片中的元素含量水平。在3个产区中,普洱产区咖啡叶片C含量最高,结合植物生理特性推断,意味着普洱产区咖啡的生长速率最慢,光合效率最低,有机物积累速率也相对较低,可能是由于当地土壤养分状况或其他环境因素,促使咖啡植株在生长过程中更多地将资源分配到碳的储存,而非生长与光合代谢方面。
植物叶片的C/N与C/P是植物碳同化能力的重要指标,通常情况下,这2个比值越高,表明植物的碳同化能力越强,意味着植物能够更高效地利用N和P等养分,对贫瘠环境的适应能力也更为突出[28]。在本研究中,普洱产区咖啡叶片的C/N极显著高于保山和西双版纳产区,且保山产区咖啡叶片的C/N最低。同时,普洱产区咖啡叶片的N含量显著低于保山产区,表明普洱产区咖啡叶片碳同化能力最强,它通过合成N含量相对较低的叶片来提高养分利用效率,从而更好地适应其生长环境。在陆地生态系统中,N和P是制约植物生长的关键限制元素,而叶片N/P则是判断环境对植物生长养分供应状况的核心指标[29]。大量研究指出,当叶片N/P<14时,植物生长的主要限制因子是N元素;叶片N/P>16时,植物生长主要受P元素限制;当N/P介于14~16时,植物生长受到N和P元素的共同限制[9]。在本研究中,普洱产区咖啡叶片的N/P介于14~16之间,说明普洱产区咖啡的生长受到N和P的双重限制。而保山产区咖啡叶片和西双版纳产区咖啡叶片N/P>16,说明这2个产区的咖啡生长主要受到P元素的限制。综上所述,普洱产区咖啡生长的主要限制因子是N和P元素,因此,普洱产区的咖啡种植土壤管理过程中,建议适当增加氮肥和磷肥的施用量,以补充土壤中匮乏的养分,满足咖啡植株生长对氮、磷的需求,促进其生长发育;对于保山和西双版纳产区,咖啡生长的限制因子主要是P元素,因此,在土壤管理实践中,应着重考虑适当增施磷肥,提升土壤中磷的有效性,从而有效缓解磷素对咖啡生长的限制作用,推动咖啡植株的健康生长,提高咖啡产量与品质。
土壤为植物生长提供了生长所必需的支撑平台,同时也是植物养分的主要来源,而植物通过根系从土壤中吸收各类矿物质元素,这些元素在植物体内参与多种复杂的生理和生化反应,进而合成维持植物生命活动所必需的有机物质。当叶片凋落后,叶片中的所蕴含的碳、氮、磷等重要养分重新回归土壤,经过分解作用释放出矿物质养分[30],因此叶片与土壤中的C、N、P含量及其化学计量比之间具有一定的相关性。本研究发现,土壤有机碳含量与叶片氮含量之间呈显著正相关,这可能是高含量土壤有机碳可为植物生长创造良好的土壤养分环境,丰富的有机碳可为土壤微生物提供充足的能源物质[31],促进微生物的活跃代谢,进而加速土壤中养分的转化与释放过程,为植物生长提供更为充裕的养分供应。在这样良好的土壤条件下,植物生长速率得以提升,对氮养分的吸收与同化能力增强,使得氮养分在叶片中不断积累,最终导致叶片N含量与土壤有机碳含量呈显著正相关。
同时,本研究还揭示土壤N含量与叶片C含量之间呈显著正相关,这与吴家森等[30]、李婷等[32]的研究结果一致,这可能是在相对低氮的土壤条件下,植物为了维持自身的生长与代谢需求,会启动一系列适应性生理机制。植物可能会优先将有限的资源分配到叶片生长以及碳同化过程中,通过增强光合作用等方式,提高对光能的捕获与转化效率,从而促进碳的固定与积累,增加叶片碳含量。王家荣等[33]也表示,叶片某种养分含量高并不意味着土壤中相关养分供应充足,在土壤养分条件相对贫瘠的情况下,植物能够通过自身的生理调节机制,在体内维持较高的养分含量水平,以保障自身的生存与生长。然而,大量研究表明,多数植物叶片的C、N、P元素计量比与土壤的C、N、P计量比之间往往不存在明显相关[9],但本研究却呈现出不同的结果,即叶片的C/N和土壤C/N之间呈显著负相关。为了更为科学、合理地开发与利用咖啡资源,充分挖掘咖啡的经济与生态价值,后续研究应着重加强对不同施肥水平以及不同施肥措施的深入探究。尤其是针对氮肥和磷肥的施用,需全面评估其对咖啡土壤理化性质、养分循环以及咖啡植株生长发育、品质形成等多方面的综合影响。通过开展此类研究,有望为咖啡种植产业制定更为精准、高效的施肥管理策略,实现咖啡种植的可持续发展,在保障咖啡产量与品质的同时,最大限度地减少因不合理施肥所导致的资源浪费与环境污染问题。
通过与环境因子的相关性分析结果可知,咖啡土壤的C含量、P含量、C/P和N/P与年太阳辐射量、年日照时数、相对湿度、平均风速均存在显著相关,其中,C/P与环境因子的相关性最为显著,说明土壤有机碳积累与磷有效性之间的平衡对气候波动高度敏感,这可能是因为高太阳辐射与长日照时数通过促进微生物活性,加速土壤有机质矿化,降低C含量;同时高温可增强磷酸酶活性,促进有机磷矿化,降低C/P比值[34]。相较之下,土壤的N含量、C/N与各环境因子均无显著相关,表明土壤中的N含量具有相对稳定性。
叶片作为反映植物对环境适应能力的重要器官,田地等[35]的研究表明,叶片中的N计量特征主要与2个方面的因素有关:一方面是与物种特性相关的系统发育因素,另一方面是环境因素。在本研究中,叶片中的C、N含量、C/N与年均气温等环境因子呈显著相关,年平均气温与C/N呈显著负相关,这与晁鑫艳等[36]的研究结果一致,这可能是温度升高促进氮代谢酶活性,增加N吸收并降低C/N比值。然而,叶片P含量与各环境因子无显著相关性,表明叶片中的P含量同样表现出稳定性。
这一发现为云南咖啡主产区的养分管理提供了理论依据,在气候变化背景下,需针对性调控碳磷动态[37],如覆盖保墒减少蒸发、增施有机质抑制矿化,而氮、磷投入可基于本底稳定性适度优化。
不同产区咖啡土壤和叶片的C、N、P含量及化学计量比存在明显差异,且相互间紧密关联。为推动咖啡产业的可持续发展,需依据不同产区土壤养分限制因子精准施肥,普洱产区应增施氮、磷肥,保山和西双版纳产区则应着重增施磷肥。同时,鉴于土壤与叶片养分相关性的复杂性,后续要大力加强不同施肥水平与措施对咖啡土壤和植株综合影响的研究,为咖啡科学种植提供坚实有力的理论与实践支撑。
  • 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2025J1468)
  • 生态环境地质科技创新团队(2021KJT004)
  • 云南省地质矿产勘查开发局科技创新基金项目(YDKJJ2023001)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.014
  • 接收时间:2025-05-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-03
  • 录用日期:2025-06-06
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云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2025J1468)
生态环境地质科技创新团队(2021KJT004)
云南省地质矿产勘查开发局科技创新基金项目(YDKJJ2023001)
作者信息
    1.云南国土资源职业学院资源环境学院,云南昆明 650217
    2.云南省地质矿产勘查开发局中心实验室,云南昆明 650200

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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