Article(id=1237814986861499067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745164800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1747152000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-14, onlineDate=1773047690358, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047690358, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047690358, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047690358, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2458, endPage=2468, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814987205432011, articleId=1237814986861499067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Soil Stoichiometric Characteristics and Their Driving Effects on Sugarcane Leaf Nutrients, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), a crucial sugar crop in China, faces yield and quality constraints due to soil nutrient limitations. Severe soil acidification and nutrient imbalances in the southwestern Yunnan sugarcane-growing areas hinder the sustainable development of the industry. This study aimed to clarify the driving effects of soil stoichiometric characteristics on sugarcane leaf nutrient uptake, identify critical thresholds for soil acidification and nutrient limitations, and provide theoretical and technical foundations for precision fertilization and soil improvement. Soil (0-30 cm depth) and leaf samples were systematically collected from 121 sugarcane fields across nine townships in Lianghe County, Yunnan Province using a grid-based sampling strategy. Soil parameters analyzed included pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and DTPA-extractable micronutrients. Leaf nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium) were analyzed after H2SO4-H2O2 digestion. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to construct multi-path networks linking soil fertility (organic matter, total N/P/K, available nutrients), micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn), and environmental factors (pH) to leaf nutrient dynamics. Model parameters were optimized via maximum likelihood estimation, with standardized path coefficients (β) and determination coefficients (R2) quantifying factor contributions. Soils exhibited pronounced acidification (mean pH=5.07), with 78.23% of samples ≤pH 5.5. Zinc deficiency (<1.5 mg/kg) occurred at 84.75% of sites, while TK (2.27%), available Fe (59.90 mg/kg), and available Cu (1.04 mg/kg) remained relatively high; Organic matter correlated strongly with TN (r=0.929**), TP (r=0.614**), AN (r=0.847**), AP (r=0.642**), and AK (r=0.399**), indicating its central role in nutrient retention. Soil acidification (pH<5.5) reduced cation exchange capacity by 26.7% and negatively correlated with AN (r=–0.290**). Neutral to slightly acidic conditions (pH 6.0–6.5) enhanced phosphorus and potassium availability. Soil available nutrients emerged as pivotal drivers of leaf nutrient assimilation. This study systematically illustrated the multi-path regulatory mechanisms of soil stoichiometric traits driving sugarcane leaf nutrient uptake in southwestern Yunnan's sugarcane belt, quantitatively linking acidification with nutrient dysregulation. It is proposed that an integrated fertilization strategy—“ameliorate acidity-supplement zinc-regulate nitrogen-enhance carbon” should serve as the technical paradigm for high-yield sugarcane cultivation and sustainable soil management, which also could be universally referred by the agricultural ecosystems in tropical and subtropical acidic soils.

, correspAuthors=Jingmei DAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*DAO Jingmei,E-mail:
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土壤养分供给能力显著影响甘蔗产量及品质。中国蔗区普遍存在土壤酸化、养分失衡等问题,严重制约甘蔗产业可持续发展,揭示土壤–植物系统养分互作机制对优化田间管理策略具有重要科学价值。本研究旨在解析区域土壤化学计量特征对甘蔗叶片养分吸收的驱动机制,明确土壤酸化与养分限制的关键阈值,为精准施肥与土壤改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。采用网格布点法系统采集121个典型蔗田的土壤(0~30 cm)及对应甘蔗叶片样品,测定土壤pH及养分,包括有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效态微量元素含量。叶片样品经H2SO4-H2O2消解后,测定全氮、全磷及全钾含量。基于结构方程模型(SEM)构建土壤肥力(有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾等)、微量元素(有效铁、锰、铜、锌)及环境因子(pH)对叶片养分的多路径驱动网络,采用最大似然估计法优化模型参数,并通过标准化路径系数(β)和决定系数(R2)量化各因子贡献度。结果表明:(1)土壤呈显著酸化特征(pH均值5.07),78.23%样点pH≤5.5;84.75%样点有效锌匮乏(<1.5 mg/kg),而全钾(2.27%)、有效铁(59.90 mg/kg)及有效铜(1.04 mg/kg)含量较高。(2)有机质与全氮(r=0.929**)、全磷(r=0.614**)、碱解氮(r=0.847**)、速效磷(r=0.642**)、速效钾(r=0.399**)等呈极显著正相关。(3)土壤酸化(pH<5.5)导致阳离子交换量降低26.7%,并与碱解氮(r=–0.290**)呈显著负相关;中性微酸条件(pH 6.0~6.5)可提升磷、钾有效性。(4)土壤有效养分是驱动叶片养分的关键。本研究系统阐明滇西南甘蔗区土壤化学计量特征对甘蔗叶片养分的多路径驱动机制,量化酸化与养分失衡的定量关系。建议该蔗区施肥采用“改酸–补锌–控氮–增碳”作为甘蔗高产优质栽培与土壤可持续管理的综合方案。

, correspAuthors=刀静梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*刀静梅,E-mail:
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艾静(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:甘蔗栽培生理。

, authorsList=艾静, 邓军, 王禹童, 杨绍林, 赵勇, 李如丹, 刘高源, 罗志明, 张仲富, 刀静梅)}, authors=[Author(id=1237814989440996200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1237814989537465203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, authorId=1237814989440996200, language=EN, stringName=Jing AI, firstName=Jing, middleName=null, lastName=AI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1. Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
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艾静(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:甘蔗栽培生理。

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艾静(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:甘蔗栽培生理。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=On the relationship between soil aggregate structure and soil fertility, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000136470919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=53, issue=10, pageStart=2020, pageEnd=2033, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=45, authorNames=蒋龙刚, 黄明, 宋庆赟, 苑爱静, 李嘉华, 邱炜红, 王朝辉, journalName=中国农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋龙刚, 黄明, 宋庆赟, 苑爱静, 李嘉华, 邱炜红, 王朝辉.基于土壤有机质含量推荐的旱地冬小麦施氮量研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(10): 2020-2033., articleTitle=基于土壤有机质含量推荐的旱地冬小麦施氮量研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000211968392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=53, issue=10, pageStart=2020, pageEnd=2033, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=46, authorNames=JIANG L G, HUANG M, SONG Q Y, YUAN A J, LI J H, QIU W H, WANG C H, journalName=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG L G, HUANG M, SONG Q Y, YUAN A J, LI J H, QIU W H, WANG C H. Research on nitrogen fertilizer application recommended method based on soil organic matter in dryland wheat production[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(10): 2020-2033. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on nitrogen fertilizer application recommended method based on soil organic matter in dryland wheat production, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000287465867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=245, pageEnd=254, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=47, authorNames=樊仙, 郭家文, 邓军, 张跃彬, 高欣欣, 杨绍林, 李如丹, journalName=植物营养与肥料学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=樊仙, 郭家文, 邓军, 张跃彬, 高欣欣, 杨绍林, 李如丹.云南不同生态蔗区甘蔗施肥现状分析与评价[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 245-254., articleTitle=云南不同生态蔗区甘蔗施肥现状分析与评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000362963342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=245, pageEnd=254, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=48, authorNames=FAN X, GUO J W, DENG J, ZHANG Y B, GAO X X, YANG S L, LI R D, journalName=Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN X, GUO J W, DENG J, ZHANG Y B, GAO X X, YANG S L, LI R D. Evaluation on the fertilization of sugarcane in the main ecological areas of Yunnan province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 245-254. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Evaluation on the fertilization of sugarcane in the main ecological areas of Yunnan province, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000438460817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=102, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=49, authorNames=刀静梅, 毛钧, 李如丹, 杨绍林, 邓军, 樊仙, 张跃彬, journalName=中国土壤与肥料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刀静梅, 毛钧, 李如丹, 杨绍林, 邓军, 樊仙, 张跃彬. 不同生态蔗区气候土壤差异对甘蔗生产的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2022(12): 102-113., articleTitle=不同生态蔗区气候土壤差异对甘蔗生产的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000522346900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=102, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=50, authorNames=DAO J M, MAO J, LI R D, YANG S L, DENG J, FAN X, ZHANG Y B, journalName=Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAO J M, MAO J, LI R D, YANG S L, DENG J, FAN X, ZHANG Y B. Effects of key climate and soil factors on sugarcane production in different ecological regions in China[J]. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 2022(12): 102-113. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of key climate and soil factors on sugarcane production in different ecological regions in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000597844373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=50, pageEnd=52, 56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=51, authorNames=刘逊忠, 梁昌贵, journalName=中国土壤与肥料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘逊忠, 梁昌贵. 赤红壤施用中、微量元素肥料对甘蔗产量与糖分的效应[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2009(1): 50-52, 56., articleTitle=赤红壤施用中、微量元素肥料对甘蔗产量与糖分的效应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000694313368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=50, pageEnd=52, 56, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=52, authorNames=LIU X Z, LIANG C G, journalName=Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU X Z, LIANG C G. Effect of medium and micro elements fertilizers on the yield and sugar of sugarcane in latored soils[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2009(1): 50-52, 56. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of medium and micro elements fertilizers on the yield and sugar of sugarcane in latored soils, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000778199451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=1509, pageEnd=1515, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=53, authorNames=李素丽, 梁晓莹, 韦本辉, 黄金玲, 李志刚, 陆睿杰, 雷志宇, journalName=广西植物, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李素丽, 梁晓莹, 韦本辉, 黄金玲, 李志刚, 陆睿杰, 雷志宇. 有机肥对粉垄蔗地土壤养分及甘蔗产量品质的影响[J]. 广西植物, 2021, 41(9): 1509-1515., articleTitle=有机肥对粉垄蔗地土壤养分及甘蔗产量品质的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000845308319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=1509, pageEnd=1515, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=54, authorNames=LI S L, LIANG X Y, WEI B H, HUANG J L, LI Z G, LU R J, LIE Z Y, journalName=Guihaia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI S L, LIANG X Y, WEI B H, HUANG J L, LI Z G, LU R J, LIE Z Y. Effects of organic fertilizer on soil and the yield and quality of sugarcane under the condition of smashing ridge tillage[J]. Guihaia, 2021, 41(9): 1509-1515. 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** indicates extremery significant correlation at the 0.01 level (two-tailed), and * indicates significant correlation at the 0.05 level (two-tailed).

, figureFileSmall=IhdCubpxPCPfZ6l2J8G3Zw==, figureFileBig=//gI+NlIVf3YmNRJ9R+IQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814993832431776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土壤酸碱性和有机质与土壤营养元素的相关系数

**表示在0.01水平(双侧)上极显著相关,*表示在0.05水平(双侧)上显著相关。

, figureFileSmall=IhdCubpxPCPfZ6l2J8G3Zw==, figureFileBig=//gI+NlIVf3YmNRJ9R+IQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814993912123556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Nutrient distribution of sugarcane leaves in sugarcane growing areas, figureFileSmall=jF7a3wnQ4v3GTn6QSbnY9w==, figureFileBig=wntIXON8Tx2YpT45gU6M7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994008592551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=CN, label=图4, caption=甘蔗叶片养分分布状况, figureFileSmall=jF7a3wnQ4v3GTn6QSbnY9w==, figureFileBig=wntIXON8Tx2YpT45gU6M7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994113450156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of soil nutrients on sugarcane leaf nutrients in sugarcane growing areas, figureFileSmall=7Chy7Pyc+7Ru1PDwgabcxA==, figureFileBig=ZN2TTWDBoG6726SpwRRclA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994281222319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=CN, label=图5, caption=蔗区土壤养分对甘蔗叶片养分的影响, figureFileSmall=7Chy7Pyc+7Ru1PDwgabcxA==, figureFileBig=ZN2TTWDBoG6726SpwRRclA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994369302708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Grading standards of nutrient contents in sugarcane soil nutrient content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级
Grade
有机碳
Organiccarbon/(g·kg–1
全氮
TN/%
全磷
TP/%
全钾
TK/%
碱解氮
AN/(mg·kg–1
有效磷
AP/(mg·kg–1
1级(丰)≥40.00≥0.20≥0.10≥2.50≥150.00≥40.00
2级(高)30.00~40.000.15~0.200.08~0.102.00~2.50120.00~150.0020.00~40.00
3级(中)20.00~30.000.10~0.150.08~0.061.50~2.0090.00~120.0010.00~20.00
4级(低)10.00~20.000.075~0.100.04~0.061.00~1.5060.00~90.005.00~10.00
5级(缺)6.00~10.000.05~0.0750.02~0.040.50~1.0030.00~60.003.00~5.00
等级
Grade
速效钾
AK/(mg·kg–1
有效铁
AFe/(mg·kg–1
有效铜
ACu/(mg·kg–1
有效锰
AMn/(mg·kg–1
有效锌
AZn/(mg·kg–1
pH
1级(丰)≥200.00>50.00>1.00>20.00>3.00强碱性>8.5
2级(高)150.00~200.0020.00~50.000.02~1.0010.00~20.001.50~3.00碱性7.5~8.5
3级(中)100.00~150.00≤20.00≤0.20≤10.00≤1.50中性6.5~7.5
4级(低)50.00~100.00    弱酸性5.5~6.5
5级(缺)30.00~50.00    酸性4.5~5.5
), ArticleFig(id=1237814994474160313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

蔗地土壤养分含量分级标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级
Grade
有机碳
Organiccarbon/(g·kg–1
全氮
TN/%
全磷
TP/%
全钾
TK/%
碱解氮
AN/(mg·kg–1
有效磷
AP/(mg·kg–1
1级(丰)≥40.00≥0.20≥0.10≥2.50≥150.00≥40.00
2级(高)30.00~40.000.15~0.200.08~0.102.00~2.50120.00~150.0020.00~40.00
3级(中)20.00~30.000.10~0.150.08~0.061.50~2.0090.00~120.0010.00~20.00
4级(低)10.00~20.000.075~0.100.04~0.061.00~1.5060.00~90.005.00~10.00
5级(缺)6.00~10.000.05~0.0750.02~0.040.50~1.0030.00~60.003.00~5.00
等级
Grade
速效钾
AK/(mg·kg–1
有效铁
AFe/(mg·kg–1
有效铜
ACu/(mg·kg–1
有效锰
AMn/(mg·kg–1
有效锌
AZn/(mg·kg–1
pH
1级(丰)≥200.00>50.00>1.00>20.00>3.00强碱性>8.5
2级(高)150.00~200.0020.00~50.000.02~1.0010.00~20.001.50~3.00碱性7.5~8.5
3级(中)100.00~150.00≤20.00≤0.20≤10.00≤1.50中性6.5~7.5
4级(低)50.00~100.00    弱酸性5.5~6.5
5级(缺)30.00~50.00    酸性4.5~5.5
), ArticleFig(id=1237814994566435005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Grading standards of nutrient contents in sugarcane leaves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级
Grade
含量Content/%
全氮TN全磷TP全钾TK
丰富2.600.301.60
适量2.00~2.600.22~0.301.00~1.60
适量1.80~2.000.19~0.220.90~1.00
缺乏≤1.80≤0.19≤0.90
), ArticleFig(id=1237814994667098306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

甘蔗叶片养分丰缺等级标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
等级
Grade
含量Content/%
全氮TN全磷TP全钾TK
丰富2.600.301.60
适量2.00~2.600.22~0.301.00~1.60
适量1.80~2.000.19~0.220.90~1.00
缺乏≤1.80≤0.19≤0.90
), ArticleFig(id=1237814994750984388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Contents of soil mineral elements in Lianghe county

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含量
Content/(mg·kg–1
范围
Range
均值±标准差
Mean±SD
变异系数
CV/%
样品频数Sample distribution/%
高High中Optimum低Low
有效铁5.50~242.0059.90±56.9895.1340.6835.5923.73
有效铜0.02~9.011.04±1.25120.3635.5942.3722.03
有效锰0.90~38.6010.52±8.4680.4711.8628.8159.32
有效锌0.03~6.180.84±0.96114.963.3911.8684.75
), ArticleFig(id=1237814994860036295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986861499067, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

梁河县蔗区土壤矿质元素有效含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
含量
Content/(mg·kg–1
范围
Range
均值±标准差
Mean±SD
变异系数
CV/%
样品频数Sample distribution/%
高High中Optimum低Low
有效铁5.50~242.0059.90±56.9895.1340.6835.5923.73
有效铜0.02~9.011.04±1.25120.3635.5942.3722.03
有效锰0.90~38.6010.52±8.4680.4711.8628.8159.32
有效锌0.03~6.180.84±0.96114.963.3911.8684.75
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土壤化学计量特征及其对甘蔗叶片养分驱动的影响
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艾静 1, 2 , 邓军 1, 2 , 王禹童 1, 2 , 杨绍林 1, 2 , 赵勇 1, 2 , 李如丹 1, 2 , 刘高源 1, 2 , 罗志明 1, 2 , 张仲富 1, 2 , 刀静梅 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(10): 2458-2468
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热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025, 46(10): 2458-2468
土壤化学计量特征及其对甘蔗叶片养分驱动的影响
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艾静1, 2, 邓军1, 2, 王禹童1, 2, 杨绍林1, 2, 赵勇1, 2, 李如丹1, 2, 刘高源1, 2, 罗志明1, 2, 张仲富1, 2, 刀静梅1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所/云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,云南开远 661699
  • 2.农业农村部甘蔗生物学与遗传育种重点实验室(云南),云南开远 661699
  • 艾静(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:甘蔗栽培生理。

通讯作者:

*刀静梅,E-mail:
Soil Stoichiometric Characteristics and Their Driving Effects on Sugarcane Leaf Nutrients
Jing AI1, 2, Jun DENG1, 2, Yutong WANG1, 2, Shaolin YANG1, 2, Yong ZHAO1, 2, Rudan LI1, 2, Gaoyuan LIU1, 2, Zhiming LUO1, 2, Zhongfu ZHANG1, 2, Jingmei DAO1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.016
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土壤养分供给能力显著影响甘蔗产量及品质。中国蔗区普遍存在土壤酸化、养分失衡等问题,严重制约甘蔗产业可持续发展,揭示土壤–植物系统养分互作机制对优化田间管理策略具有重要科学价值。本研究旨在解析区域土壤化学计量特征对甘蔗叶片养分吸收的驱动机制,明确土壤酸化与养分限制的关键阈值,为精准施肥与土壤改良提供理论依据和技术支撑。采用网格布点法系统采集121个典型蔗田的土壤(0~30 cm)及对应甘蔗叶片样品,测定土壤pH及养分,包括有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效态微量元素含量。叶片样品经H2SO4-H2O2消解后,测定全氮、全磷及全钾含量。基于结构方程模型(SEM)构建土壤肥力(有机质、全氮、全磷、速效钾等)、微量元素(有效铁、锰、铜、锌)及环境因子(pH)对叶片养分的多路径驱动网络,采用最大似然估计法优化模型参数,并通过标准化路径系数(β)和决定系数(R2)量化各因子贡献度。结果表明:(1)土壤呈显著酸化特征(pH均值5.07),78.23%样点pH≤5.5;84.75%样点有效锌匮乏(<1.5 mg/kg),而全钾(2.27%)、有效铁(59.90 mg/kg)及有效铜(1.04 mg/kg)含量较高。(2)有机质与全氮(r=0.929**)、全磷(r=0.614**)、碱解氮(r=0.847**)、速效磷(r=0.642**)、速效钾(r=0.399**)等呈极显著正相关。(3)土壤酸化(pH<5.5)导致阳离子交换量降低26.7%,并与碱解氮(r=–0.290**)呈显著负相关;中性微酸条件(pH 6.0~6.5)可提升磷、钾有效性。(4)土壤有效养分是驱动叶片养分的关键。本研究系统阐明滇西南甘蔗区土壤化学计量特征对甘蔗叶片养分的多路径驱动机制,量化酸化与养分失衡的定量关系。建议该蔗区施肥采用“改酸–补锌–控氮–增碳”作为甘蔗高产优质栽培与土壤可持续管理的综合方案。

甘蔗  /  化学计量学  /  养分限制  /  精准施肥

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), a crucial sugar crop in China, faces yield and quality constraints due to soil nutrient limitations. Severe soil acidification and nutrient imbalances in the southwestern Yunnan sugarcane-growing areas hinder the sustainable development of the industry. This study aimed to clarify the driving effects of soil stoichiometric characteristics on sugarcane leaf nutrient uptake, identify critical thresholds for soil acidification and nutrient limitations, and provide theoretical and technical foundations for precision fertilization and soil improvement. Soil (0-30 cm depth) and leaf samples were systematically collected from 121 sugarcane fields across nine townships in Lianghe County, Yunnan Province using a grid-based sampling strategy. Soil parameters analyzed included pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and DTPA-extractable micronutrients. Leaf nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium) were analyzed after H2SO4-H2O2 digestion. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to construct multi-path networks linking soil fertility (organic matter, total N/P/K, available nutrients), micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn), and environmental factors (pH) to leaf nutrient dynamics. Model parameters were optimized via maximum likelihood estimation, with standardized path coefficients (β) and determination coefficients (R2) quantifying factor contributions. Soils exhibited pronounced acidification (mean pH=5.07), with 78.23% of samples ≤pH 5.5. Zinc deficiency (<1.5 mg/kg) occurred at 84.75% of sites, while TK (2.27%), available Fe (59.90 mg/kg), and available Cu (1.04 mg/kg) remained relatively high; Organic matter correlated strongly with TN (r=0.929**), TP (r=0.614**), AN (r=0.847**), AP (r=0.642**), and AK (r=0.399**), indicating its central role in nutrient retention. Soil acidification (pH<5.5) reduced cation exchange capacity by 26.7% and negatively correlated with AN (r=–0.290**). Neutral to slightly acidic conditions (pH 6.0–6.5) enhanced phosphorus and potassium availability. Soil available nutrients emerged as pivotal drivers of leaf nutrient assimilation. This study systematically illustrated the multi-path regulatory mechanisms of soil stoichiometric traits driving sugarcane leaf nutrient uptake in southwestern Yunnan's sugarcane belt, quantitatively linking acidification with nutrient dysregulation. It is proposed that an integrated fertilization strategy—“ameliorate acidity-supplement zinc-regulate nitrogen-enhance carbon” should serve as the technical paradigm for high-yield sugarcane cultivation and sustainable soil management, which also could be universally referred by the agricultural ecosystems in tropical and subtropical acidic soils.

sugarcane  /  stoichiometry  /  nutrient limitation  /  precision fertilization
艾静, 邓军, 王禹童, 杨绍林, 赵勇, 李如丹, 刘高源, 罗志明, 张仲富, 刀静梅. 土壤化学计量特征及其对甘蔗叶片养分驱动的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2458 -2468 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.016
Jing AI, Jun DENG, Yutong WANG, Shaolin YANG, Yong ZHAO, Rudan LI, Gaoyuan LIU, Zhiming LUO, Zhongfu ZHANG, Jingmei DAO. Soil Stoichiometric Characteristics and Their Driving Effects on Sugarcane Leaf Nutrients[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2458 -2468 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.016
甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum L.)是广泛商业种植于热带、亚热带的单子叶禾本科植物,在中国超过85%的食糖原料来源于甘蔗[1]。中国是仅次于印度、巴西、泰国的世界第四大甘蔗糖生产大国,甘蔗产业健康发展为世界食糖供给安全提供了保障[2]。作为一种高光合作用的C4作物,甘蔗对太阳能的转化效率高、生物量大,其生长发育过程需要特定的光、热、水等自然条件,2011年后受产业政策调整影响及经济发展限制,中国甘蔗种植面积、蔗糖产量整体呈现逐年下降的趋势[2-3]。而与之相悖的是,中国食糖消费需求的不断增加,食糖进口量不断增长[2],严重威胁中国食糖安全。值得关注的是,中国甘蔗单产略有上升[3],但通过精准养分管理实现单产提升仍是一条行之有效的路径。
甘蔗生长发育离不开土壤,土壤肥力能综合表征土壤物理、化学、生物等重要属性,而土壤化学计量特征是评价土壤肥力的重要参数[4]。研究甘蔗生产区土壤养分特征,对于指导甘蔗耕地养分管理、高产高糖施肥决策及提高甘蔗单产有重要意义[5]。蔗区土壤有机质(soil organic matter,SOM)、碱解氮(alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,AN)、有效磷(available phosphorus,AP)、速效钾(available potassium,AK)等土壤养分元素含量影响土壤供肥能力和肥料利用率[6]。叶片作为植物体面积最大的器官,是植物体同环境进行物质、能量交换及完成各项生命活动的重要场所,叶片元素含量与环境、植物系统发育间有重要联系[6-7]。作为植物体同环境的最大连接体,植物叶片的化学理化特征受到外在环境以及物种系统发育的相互制约[8]。同时,叶片元素含量会影响植物叶片寿命、光合功能,是植物体经济收支的重要指标[9],其在响应环境变化时会表现出结构功能和内部元素配比的协同进化[10]
掌握甘蔗叶片营养元素的地理分布,探究土壤化学计量特证与甘蔗叶片养分特征的相关性,分析土壤养分元素对甘蔗叶片N、P、K化学计量特征的驱动,对探究甘蔗生长养分限制和养分供求平衡、蔗区生态系统养分循环及全球生物地球化学循环等[7-10]有重要意义。本研究综合运用生态学和统计学的方法,探究甘蔗叶片养分元素特征,表征甘蔗养分利用规律,有利于指导蔗地科学施肥、提高肥效利用率,为蔗区绿色循环生态循环管理提供科学依据,为推动蔗糖产业经济可持续发展提供科学依据和实践指导。
样品取样点位于云南省梁河县(24°31′~24°58′N,98°06′~98°31′E),属南亚热带季风气候,年均温度为18.3 ℃,年降水量为1396 mm。选择芒东镇、勐养镇、遮岛镇、九保乡、阿昌组乡、河西乡、曩宋阿昌族乡、大厂乡、小厂乡、平山乡等10个主要甘蔗种植乡(镇)为采样区(图1),涵盖该县主要耕作土壤类型。
用网格布点法在121个典型蔗田布设样点(图1)。采样时用GPS精准定位,在各样点耕作层(0~30 cm)按标准流程取样:距离甘蔗生长点40 cm位置按照随机选择5点采集2 kg土样,置于20 L大桶中将其混合均匀,随后使用四分法分取1 kg土壤样品代表该地块土壤。采集完成后的土样做好标记带回实验室,除去土壤中植物根系、石头等杂质后,置于阴凉通风处阴干,用橡皮锤敲碎后根据测定指标要求分别过2、0.15 mm土壤分样筛。
叶片样本采集与土壤样品保持空间对应(n=121)。采集取样点生长的5株长势相近、无明显病虫为害甘蔗成熟叶(+1叶)5片组成混合样,置于网纱袋中带回实验室。放置在烘箱105 ℃杀青30 min后75 ℃烘干至恒重,不锈钢粉碎机粉碎过0.15 mm分样筛,密封贮存于干燥器待测。
依据鲍士旦[11]的《土壤农化分析(第三版)》对土壤样品理化性质进行检测,每批样品插入10%平行样。采用电位计法测定(土水质量比为1∶2.5)土壤pH;采用重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)外加热法测定有机质(有机质=有机碳×1.724);采用半微量开氏法测定全氮(total nitrogen,TN);采用氢氧化钠(NaOH)熔融-钼锑抗比色法测定全磷(total phosphorus,TP)、全钾(total potassium,TK)。采用碱解扩散法测定有效养分中碱解氮含量;采用碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)浸提-分光光度法测定有效磷含量;采用乙酸铵(NH4OAc)浸提–火焰光度法[12]测定速效钾含量。采用DTPA提取原子吸收法测定有效铁(available iron,AFe)、有效锰(available manganese,AMn)、有效铜(available copper,ACu)、有效锌(available zinc,AZn)[13]。参考我国第二次土壤普查制定的养分分级标准[14]及张跃彬[15]的研究结果对蔗地土壤pH、全量、速效养分及微量元素进行养分分级(表1)。
采用H2SO4-H2O2消解体系进行甘蔗叶片全量养分分析,其中,分别采用凯氏定氮法、钼锑抗比色法、火焰光度法检测甘蔗叶片总氮、全磷、全钾含量。养分丰缺评价参照MCCRAY等[16]的临界值标准建立分级体系(表2)。
使用Microsoft Office Excel 2016软件进行数据处理,使用IBM SPSS Statistics 26软件对数据进行方差分析,用P≤0.05的最小显著性差异检验进行多重比较,使用R(version 4.4.3)语言进行结构方程分析,在ArcMap中,根据采样区位、坐标信息绘制梁河蔗区取样点分布图。
蔗区土壤呈显著酸化特征(图2A),pH均值为(5.07±0.72)(CV=14.17%),78.22%样点处于强酸性(pH<4.5)至酸性(pH 4.5~5.5)区间,仅4.84%样点呈中性及以上反应。有机质空间异质性显著(CV=48.25%),含量范围为3.70~68.10 g/kg,均值为(21.23±10.24)g/kg。按甘蔗专用分级标准,48.07%样点有机质处于中高等级(≥20.0 g/kg),但仍有10.74%样点低于6.0 g/kg临界阈值。
蔗区土壤有机质含量为3.70~68.10 g/kg(CV=48.25%),47.93%有机质含量处于低水平及以下;土壤氮素匮乏严重,全氮均值为(0.08%±0.04%)(CV=51.10%),48.76%样点低于0.075%缺乏阈值。磷素呈现两极分化,有效磷均值为(33.02±57.40)mg/kg(CV=173.82%),22.31%样点超40 mg/kg丰足标准,但33.06%样点低于3 mg/kg极缺水平。钾素总体充足,速效钾均值为(93.94±86.65)mg/kg(CV=92.24%),58.68%样点达50 mg/kg以上,但仍有30.58%样点低于50 mg/kg临界值。研究区域蔗区24.69%土样中不缺氮,17.35%土样中磷元素含量处于中等偏丰水平中,85.84%土样中不缺钾元素(图2B)。
甘蔗生长所需营养大部分是由土壤供给,测定土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,可反映土壤的氮、磷、钾供应能力,对甘蔗推荐施肥具有指导意义。土壤养分供给特征显示,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾作为甘蔗生长关键限制因子,其含量空间异质性显著(图2B)。三要素含量跨度分别为:9.78~221.24、0.48~414.28、12.20~589.00 mg/kg,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾养分含量均值分别为(79.70±41.00)、(33.02±57.40)、(93.94±86.65)mg/kg。土样中碱解氮4.96%处于1级(丰)水平、14.88%处于2级(高)水平,19.01%处于3级(中)水平、24.79%处于4级(低)水平、25.62%处于5级(缺)水平、10.74%处于甚缺水平;土样中有效磷22.31%处于1级(丰)水平、23.14%处于2级(高)水平,19.83%处于3级(中)水平、12.40%处于4级(低)水平、7.44%处于5级(缺)水平、14.88%处于(甚缺)水平;该区域速效钾7.44%处于1级(丰)水平、7.44%处于2级(高)水平,13.22%处于3级(中)水平、41.32%处于4级(低)水平、20.66%处于5级(缺)水平、9.92%处于甚缺水平(图2B)。
随机对50%的土壤样品完成有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌微量元素共4项指标检测。土壤有效态微量元素呈现显著分异特征:铁、铜分别呈现富集特征(中等及以上等级占比76.27%、75.96%);而锰、锌普遍匮乏(低等级占比59.32%、84.75%)。有效铁、有效铜、有效锰和有效锌平均含量分别为(59.90±56.98)、(1.04±1.25)、(10.52±8.46)、(0.84±0.96)mg/kg,变异系数大,揭示显著的空间异质性(表3)。
蔗区土壤pH呈现显著元素调控效应:正向调控速效钾(r=0.380**)与速效磷(r=0.190*),有效性随pH升高显著提升。负向调控有效铁(r=–0.241**)、碱解氮(r=–0.290**),有效性随pH升高显著降低,或与Fe3+离子沉淀形成及NH4+向NO3转化有关。对土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量的影响不显著。有机质作为养分耦合核心,是腐殖质-矿物复合体核心,通过化学计量平衡构建养分网络,与土壤中大量元素土壤全氮(r=0.929**)、全磷(r=0.614**)、碱解氮(0.847**)、速效磷(0.642**)、速效钾(0.399**)呈极显著的正相关关系,有力证实“有机质-养分库”理论。有机质与微量组分有效铁(r=0.223*)、有效铜(r=0.224*)和有效锌(r=0.236*)含量呈显著相关,唯独与全钾和有效锰的相关未达显著水平(图3)。
甘蔗叶片养分能准确指示植株营养动态与土壤-作物系统物质转移效率[17]。本研究中,甘蔗叶片大量元素特征(图4):全氮(0.59%~1.76%)、全磷(0.04%~0.415%)和全钾(0.04%~0.415%)呈梯度分布,全氮的变异系数最低为18.03%,全磷的变异系数最高为41.12%,表明田间磷肥施用存在显著空间异质性或根系活化能力差异。基于李杨瑞[18]的临界阈值体系,养分等级诊断显示:氮素系统性匮乏(100%样本<1.80%临界值);磷素呈现双峰分布(87.6%匮乏区以及12.4%充足区);钾素则以适度富集为主(61.7%适宜区),但仍有17.5%样本处于缺乏阈值(K<0.80%)。值得注意的是,磷素极差达10倍(0.04%~0.415%),表明部分地块存在磷素固定或淋失风险。上述发现为制定差异化施肥策略提供关键依据:氮素作为首要限制因子需实施“基肥+追肥”协同调控,磷肥管理应推行分区变量施用,钾素运输障碍的破解需配合腐殖酸等生物活化剂使用。
土壤肥力是影响植物叶片成分的重要因素,较高的土壤肥力通常能够提供丰富的养分,促进植物生长,从而影响叶片中的养分含量。基于以上分析结果对土壤生态因子和甘蔗叶片养分元素进行结构方程模型模拟(SEM),得到对因变量有显著影响的自变量,构建结构方程模型(图5)。为更优拟合方程,将土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、全氮、全磷定义为土壤大量元素[所有观测变量均显著(P<0.001),标准化载荷(Std.all)均>0.6,表明潜在变量能有效整合土壤养分],将土壤中有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌定义为土壤微量元素,结果如下:土壤有机质(0.947)、土壤全氮(0.988)及土壤碱解氮(0.903)载荷最高,说明有机质和氮素是土壤肥力的核心指标。土壤速效养分与pH是叶片养分的核心驱动因子,速效钾对叶片钾具有显著正向影响(β=0.506,P<0.001),是钾积累的最强预测因子;速效磷显著促进叶片磷积累(β=0.435,P=0.005),土壤pH通过调节养分有效性影响叶片成分,其中对叶片钾呈显著负向作用(β=–0.210,P=0.045),表明土壤酸化可能促进钾吸收。微量元素潜变量(Fe、Cu、Zn)对叶片养分的影响均不显著(P>0.05),其负向趋势可能反映元素竞争而非实际抑制。结构方程模型体现出养分吸收具有特异性,体现“缺素即补”的精准响应。土壤肥力是甘蔗叶片养分积累的核心驱动力,其中有机质和全氮为关键指标。速效钾、全磷和全氮分别对甘蔗叶片钾、磷、氮具有特异性促进作用。pH通过调节土壤养分有效性间接影响甘蔗叶片成分,而微量元素的负向效应暗示需关注元素平衡。模型揭示,土壤肥力(贡献度58%)与pH(贡献度22%)共同解释80%的叶片养分变异,表明养分管理需兼顾肥力提升与酸碱平衡。
土壤作为植物生长的基质,通过根际互作参与养分供给与生物地球化学循环[17]。植物和土壤是生物地球化学循环的2个重要组成部分,二者之间通过植物根系等紧密联系,植物从土壤吸收养分,又以凋落物和根际分泌物质返回土壤,体现了生命体进化过程中元素含量的守恒[4],植物通过“吸收–反馈”机制与土壤形成动态平衡,其体内元素组成反映了对生境适应的代谢策略[17]。在农业生态系统中,土壤肥力受到环境因子、耕作管理及作物养分利用效率的综合制约。其中土壤酸碱性是土壤理化性质的基础,显著影响养分有效性、微生物活性及作物生理过程[19-20]。全国尺度监测[18]显示,蔗区土壤pH≤5.5的强酸性区域占比达34.7%(含13.5%特强酸化区),中性土壤(pH 6.5~7.5)仅占17.3%。云南蔗区呈现梯度酸化特征:新平蔗区强酸性土壤(pH<5.5)占51.76%[21],勐海蔗区达73.5%[22],而本研究调研区域梁河蔗区pH≤5.5的地块占78.23%(均值为5.07±0.82),已显著低于李杨瑞[18]记录的甘蔗最适生长阈值(pH 5.5~7.5),表明该区域土壤酸化问题突出,亟需关注,此外调研区域存在1.61%的碱性异常斑块。
土壤过度酸化将导致土壤阳离子交换能力下降、盐基离子流失及矿质营养失衡,进而抑制甘蔗产量与品质[18-19,23]。研究表明,氮肥过量施用是诱发酸化的关键因素[24]。本研究结构方程模型结果指出氮素是土壤肥力的关键因子之一,以梁河蔗区为例,现行施肥方案中每吨甘蔗原料对应氮素投入量达3.3 kg,远超理论需求值(1.0~1.2 kg/t)。本研究发现土壤pH与碱解氮呈显著负相关(P<0.05),进一步验证了氮肥过量与酸化的关联性。需指出,养分管理失当不仅导致土壤退化,还会引发作物营养胁迫,如过量追氮会延迟甘蔗糖分积累并降低农艺性状[20,25]。因此,优化氮肥施用策略对缓解酸化、提升蔗田可持续生产力具有重要意义。
本研究结构方程模型指出土壤肥力是甘蔗叶片养分积累的核心驱动力,其中有机质和全氮为关键指标。土壤有机质可通过改善团粒结构、增强保水保肥能力等途径提升土壤功能[26-27]。本次调查结果表明,蔗区土壤有机质与土壤中土壤全氮、土壤全磷、土壤碱解氮、土壤速效磷、土壤速效钾、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌含量之间均呈现极显著正相关性(P<0.01),证实其具有协同提升土壤养分库容和精准供氮水平的双重功效,表明土壤有机质含量的增加能提高土壤养分含量,并能有效反映土壤供氮水平。现有的蔗区施肥指导中,多采用测土配方施肥方法,现行测土配方施肥技术虽能实现精准调控,但存在采样强度大、检测成本高、时效周期短等应用瓶颈。最新研究表明,基于有机质含量的简化施氮模型[28],可通过单次测定推演2~3 a氮肥推荐量,在稳产前提下减少氮素投入15%~20%[29-30]。因此,未来应加强有机质调控与甘蔗残体还田的协同创新,构建兼顾经济–生态效益的养分精准管理模式。
调查数据显示,土壤全氮、全磷、有效铁及有效铜含量普遍高于常规阈值,碱解氮、速效磷和有效锰处于中等水平,而速效钾与有效锌显著偏低(P<0.05)。当前蔗区施肥中普遍忽视微量元素补给,部分学者的研究表明微量元素是限制作物生长关键因子[31],在本研究中84.75%的样点存在有效锌缺乏现象,提示锌肥配施可能成为该区域增产的关键措施。尽管土壤全氮、全磷及碱解氮含量较高,但甘蔗叶片氮磷浓度仍普遍低于最适阈值,表明养分利用效率受多重因素制约。现有研究表明,甘蔗对氮磷的吸收具有显著阶段性特征:其根系在特定生育期(如分蘖期)快速吸收养分并储存在茎叶中,后期则依赖体内循环供给[1,32]。土壤-植株养分时空异质性表明,氮磷钾配施需遵循“需求导向”原则:通过匹配甘蔗生育期需肥规律优化施肥时序与形态配比,而非单纯追求土壤养分浓度提升——后者可能导致肥料固定或淋失风险增加。氮、磷、钾肥的合理施用要综合考虑甘蔗生长需求和土壤中氮磷供应的时空特性,把握施肥时机和施肥量,增强甘蔗根系对养分的吸收利用,减少损失或固定,而不只是以单纯提升土壤氮、磷和钾养分含量为施肥参考,加剧肥料损失或固定。
基于结构方程模型分析结果,土壤有效养分与甘蔗叶片养分含量之间存在较为密切的关系,土壤肥力是影响植物叶片成分的重要因素。较高的土壤肥力通常能够提供丰富的养分,促进植物生长,从而影响叶片中的养分含量[7]。土壤综合肥力指数与叶片全氮(β=0.242,P<0.01)呈显著正相关,印证高肥力土壤通过提升氮素有效性驱动甘蔗叶片氮积累的生物学机制。土壤pH对甘蔗叶片全钾(β=0.201,P<0.1)和全磷(β=–0.192,P<0.05)的影响具有双面性:中性偏微酸土壤环境(6.0~6.5)通过促进钾离子解吸附提升甘蔗叶片全钾含量可增强钾的有效性,而过度酸化(pH<5.5)则通过铁铝氧化物对磷的固定作用抑制甘蔗叶片磷积累并抑制磷的活化。此外,土壤微量元素对甘蔗叶片全钾(β=0.260,P<0.1)、叶片全磷(β=–0.208,P<0.1)、叶片全磷(β=–0.184)呈微弱效应,可能与元素间的拮抗作用或超量毒性有关。回归分析进一步揭示,土壤速效磷(β=0.404,P<0.01)、土壤速效钾(β=0.426,P<0.01)对甘蔗叶片磷和钾的贡献度显著高于其他指标(P<0.01),而土壤有机质(β=0.570,P<0.01)通过增强碳库稳定性主导甘蔗叶片碳积累,说明可通过调控土壤速效磷、速效钾、有机质及微量元素的生物有效性间接影响叶片养分。蔗田改良需遵循“协同增效”策略:优先选择含锌复合肥以弥补土壤缺陷,同时依据甘蔗生长期动态调整氮磷配比(如基肥重磷、追肥增氮)实现精准施肥,并辅以有机质提升措施(如秸秆还田)增强养分缓释能力。土壤和叶片养分关系密切,因此进行蔗地土壤改良时,要摒弃传统单质肥孤立施用模式,转向多要素协同的系统化管理。
本研究的局限性在于未量化甘蔗品种的遗传特异性对养分吸收的调控权重,且采样网络未涵盖海拔梯度与生态亚区交互效应。建议后续工作:(1)建立品种–土壤–气候多维数据库,解析基因型与环境的互作效应;(2)结合遥感与传感器技术,实时监测甘蔗关键生育期的养分需求;(3)开展长期定位试验,量化有机无机配施对土壤碳氮循环的调控机制。
本研究针对梁河蔗区的土壤和甘蔗叶片养分状况,分析结果对指导梁河蔗区施肥有一定指导意义。但本次调研未对不同甘蔗品种进行区分,结果不能反映不同品种间甘蔗叶片养分含量差异。今后的工作需要细化区分不同品种甘蔗间的养分差异,此外在现阶段大尺度范围内还应考虑不同生态区、不同海拔梯度、对应取样点的农艺性状、甘蔗不同生长期等因素,综合考虑多因素,更加细化试验方案和取样点,进一步完善土壤和叶片养分交互的数据库,更好地指导蔗区高效施肥。
本研究揭示蔗区土壤-植物系统养分互作存在以下特征:(1)土壤酸化与养分失衡并存。78.23%的样点土壤pH≤5.5(均值5.07),84.75%区域土壤有效锌含量低于临界值(<1.5 mg/kg),而全钾、有效铁及有效铜分别超标1.8、3.2和1.5倍;同时,50.6%样点土壤有机质匮乏(<20 g/kg),氮磷钾速效养分亏缺率达61.3%~73.8%。与之对应,甘蔗叶片氮磷浓度普遍低于最适阈值(全氮<1.8%,全磷<0.15%)。(2)土壤有机质对养分循环具有枢纽作用。相关分析表明,有机质与全氮(r=0.929**)、全磷(r=0.614**)、碱解氮(r=0.847**)、速效磷(r=0.642**)、速效钾(0.399**)及微量元素有效铁(0.223*)、有效铜(0.224*)、有效锌(0.236*)均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),但其对叶片养分的直接贡献率不足30%(SEM模型),推测土壤-植株间存在显著的养分转化屏障。(3)pH通过调控养分有效性影响作物吸收。土壤酸化(pH<5.5)导致阳离子交换量降低,pH与碱解氮(r=–0.290**)、有效铁(r=–0.241**)呈极显著负相关,而中性微酸条件(pH 6.0~6.5)可提升磷钾有效性。
基于上述结果,提出以下管理策略:针对锌缺乏蔗地,在复合肥配方中添加ZnSO4;实施分期精准施肥,基肥阶段侧重磷锌补给,分蘖期追施控释氮肥;建立基于土壤有机质含量的动态施肥模型,实现“碳氮协同”的养分高效管理。关注土壤酸碱性治理,适量增加有机肥施用,考虑蔗区土壤锌含量严重偏低,在配方施肥中可适当添加锌肥,合理减施氮肥,把握施肥时机以及施肥量等综合平衡施肥措施。
  • 云南省科技计划项目基础研究专项(202401AT070045)
  • 云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项(202205AD160014)
  • 云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室开放课题(2023KFKT006)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.016
  • 接收时间:2025-04-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21
  • 录用日期:2025-05-14
基金
云南省科技计划项目基础研究专项(202401AT070045)
云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队选拔专项(202205AD160014)
云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室开放课题(2023KFKT006)
作者信息
    1.云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所/云南省甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室,云南开远 661699
    2.农业农村部甘蔗生物学与遗传育种重点实验室(云南),云南开远 661699

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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