Article(id=1237814986022645764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745164800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1748448000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-29, onlineDate=1773047690157, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047690157, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047690157, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047690157, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2410, endPage=2421, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814986341412888, articleId=1237814986022645764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Decomposition Characteristics and Nutrient Release Patterns of Different Leguminous Green Manures with In-situ Incorporation in Young Rubber Plantations, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Leguminous green manure cover cropping and incorporation play a crucial role in improving soil conditions and enhancing nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Studying the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release patterns of green manure is of significant importance for the sustainable production of rubber plantations. This study selected four representative tropical leguminous green manures: Pueraria phaseoloides Benth (GT), Crotalavia anagroides H.B.K (ZSD), Tephrosia candida DC. (SMD), and Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. (ZHC). During the vigorous growth period of the green manures, a 260-day field in-situ decomposition experiment was conducted using the nylon mesh bag method to explore the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release patterns of the leguminous green manures from different genera. The dry matter decomposition characteristics followed the “Olson” exponential model. The decomposition constants (k) ranked as follows, GT (3.01)>SMD (2.51) and ZHC (2.36)>ZSD (2.01), with GT being significantly higher than ZSD (P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, the dry matter remaining rate of the four green manures was ZSD (24.7%)>SMD (22.7%)>ZHC (21.7%)>GT (17.3%). The time required for 95% decomposition was 17.9, 15.3, 14.3, and 11.9 months, respectively. For carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), the remaining rate across the four green manures (GT, ZSD, SMD, ZHC) was N (15.5%–34.0%)>P (11.9%–30.4%)>C (15.1%–22.2%)>K (0.58%–1.07%). Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) residue ratea was Ca (45.0%–64.0%)>Mg (11.5%–31.9%). Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) showed average residue rate of 160.9%, 138.3%, and 110.6%, respectively, indicating enrichment effects, while manganese (Mn) had an average residue rate of 36.3%. Notably, GT exhibited complete nutrient release for all elements, with the lowest remaining rate among the four green manures. In contrast, ZSD, SMD, and ZHC demonstrated enrichment effects for Fe, Cu, and Zn. In conclusion, the differences in decomposition and nutrient release characteristics among green manures would provide critical theoretical support for nutrient cycling and soil fertility improvement in rubber plantations, and technical guidance for sustainable rubber plantation management.

, correspAuthors=Xinxin XUE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*XUE Xinxin,E-mail:
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豆科绿肥覆盖及其还田对改善土壤状况及促进生态系统养分循环具有重要作用,研究绿肥还田腐解特征以及养分释放规律对橡胶园可持续生产具有重要意义。本研究选择热区具有代表性的4种豆科绿肥,设置4种绿肥处理分别为爪哇葛藤(Pueraria phaseoloides Benth,GT)、猪屎豆(Crotalavia anagroides H.B.K,ZSD)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida DC.,SMD)、柱花草[Stylosanthes guianensis(Aubl.)Sw.,ZHC]。在绿肥生长旺盛期,采用尼龙袋法开展为期260 d的田间原位腐解试验,探索4种不同豆科绿肥腐解特征及养分释放规律。结果表明:干物质腐解特征符合Olson指数衰减模型,4种豆科绿肥分解常数(k)表现为:GT(3.01)>SMD(2.51)、ZHC(2.36)>ZSD(2.01),其中,GT处理显著高于ZSD处理(P<0.05)。试验结束后,4种绿肥干物质残留率表现为:ZSD(24.7%)>SMD(22.7%)>ZHC(21.7%)>GT(17.3%),对应的绿肥分解95%所需时间分别为17.9、15.3、14.3、11.9个月。4种豆科绿肥的碳、氮、磷、钾残留率为氮(15.5%~34.0%)>磷(11.9%~30.4%)>碳(15.1%~22.2%)>钾(0.58%~1.07%);钙、镁残留率为钙(45.0%~64.0%)>镁(11.5%~31.9%);铁、铜和锌平均残留率分别为160.9%、138.3%和110.6%,而锰的平均残留率为36.3%。GT处理的各元素均表现为释放,在4种绿肥中残留率均最低;ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理对铁、铜和锌元素均有一定的富集作用。综上所述,不同绿肥还田腐解及养分释放特征的差异可为橡胶园养分循环、土壤地力提升提供重要的理论支撑,为橡胶园可持续生产提供技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=薛欣欣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*薛欣欣,E-mail:
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饶之杰(2002—),男,本科生,研究方向:橡胶园养分资源管理。

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饶之杰(2002—),男,本科生,研究方向:橡胶园养分资源管理。

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饶之杰(2002—),男,本科生,研究方向:橡胶园养分资源管理。

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Dynamics of decomposition and nutrient release of green manure under different saline soils[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 32(6): 309-314. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Dynamics of decomposition and nutrient release of green manure under different saline soils, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237831267505460169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=49, issue=6, pageStart=71, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=51, authorNames=SETIA R, MARSCHNER P, journalName=Biology and Fertility of Soils, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SETIA R, MARSCHNER P. Carbon mineralization in saline soils as affected by residue composition and water potential[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2013, 49(6): 71-77., articleTitle=Carbon mineralization in saline soils as affected by residue composition and water potential, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1237831260043793233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, awardId=2023YFD1901403, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1901403), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1237831260106707796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, awardId=1630022022002, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022022002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1237831260186399573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, awardId=CARS-33-ZP2, language=CN, fundingSource=国家天然橡胶产业技术体系项目(CARS-33-ZP2), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1237831253639090802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237831253647479411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, companyId=1237831253639090802, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu'er, Yunnan 665099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237831253836223102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, companyId=1237831253823640189, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237831258412208925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Dynamic changes of soil moisture in surface layer of different green manures, figureFileSmall=EfnfWCvmdUNS5Q7ua6u6OA==, figureFileBig=ySL/R0MZWJHOCNd8SnEM2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831258475123487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同绿肥种植区土壤表层含水率动态变化, figureFileSmall=EfnfWCvmdUNS5Q7ua6u6OA==, figureFileBig=ySL/R0MZWJHOCNd8SnEM2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831258672255778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Dynamic changes of dry matter remaining rate and C/N ratio of different green manures

“Ⅰ” represents the LSD0.05 value; differences between treatments exceeding this value indicate statis tically significant differences.

, figureFileSmall=b2WV+/RN8SLRHKzXey0dAw==, figureFileBig=ebhqB8xEGj02L3tsXwnX0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831258743558949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同绿肥干物质残留率和碳氮比的动态变化

“Ⅰ”为LSD0.05值,处理间差数大于该值为差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=b2WV+/RN8SLRHKzXey0dAw==, figureFileBig=ebhqB8xEGj02L3tsXwnX0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831258806473512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Dynamic change of C, N content and residual rate of different green manure

“Ⅰ” represents the LSD0.05 value; differences between treatments exceeding this value indicate statistically significant differences.

, figureFileSmall=gkLRSAXYzrzfXb7fJ2DDfw==, figureFileBig=uwlt0d1LO8KMbK3a33v4CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831258873582378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同绿肥C、N含量及其残留率的动态变化

“Ⅰ”为LSD0.05值,处理间差数大于该值为差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=gkLRSAXYzrzfXb7fJ2DDfw==, figureFileBig=uwlt0d1LO8KMbK3a33v4CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831258936496940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Dynamic change of P, K content and residual rate in different green manure

“Ⅰ” represents the LSD0.05 value; differences between treatments exceeding this value indicate statistically significant differences.

, figureFileSmall=M+SoBuCopldmtZdPZemq4Q==, figureFileBig=83/B463BMZF5uJV0UMe4Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259016188718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同绿肥P、K含量及其残留率的动态变化

“Ⅰ”为LSD0.05值,处理间差数大于该值为差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=M+SoBuCopldmtZdPZemq4Q==, figureFileBig=83/B463BMZF5uJV0UMe4Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259104269103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Dynamic change of Ca, Mg content and residual rate in different green manure

“Ⅰ” represents the LSD0.05 value; differences between treatments exceeding this value indicate statistically significant differences.

, figureFileSmall=PvXUU9ZFzh8oyKdBPEz9nw==, figureFileBig=2DdiboFlpBjG38H+VASMSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259183960880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同绿肥Ca、Mg含量及其残留率的动态变化

“Ⅰ”为LSD0.05值,处理间差数大于该值为差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=PvXUU9ZFzh8oyKdBPEz9nw==, figureFileBig=2DdiboFlpBjG38H+VASMSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259238486834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Dynamic change of Fe, Mn content and residual rate in different green manure

“Ⅰ” represents the LSD0.05 value; differences between treatments exceeding this value indicate statistically significant differences.

, figureFileSmall=ADLkTTdPuScnIoYqwhCM8g==, figureFileBig=kfo3EgXD+v1hPU0HNPT7tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259326567221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同绿肥Fe、Mn含量及其残留率的动态变化

“Ⅰ”为LSD0.05值,处理间差数大于该值为差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=ADLkTTdPuScnIoYqwhCM8g==, figureFileBig=kfo3EgXD+v1hPU0HNPT7tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259389481784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Dynamic change of Cu, Zn contents and residual rate in different green manure

“Ⅰ” represents the LSD0.05 value; differences between treatments exceeding this value indicate statistically significant differences.

, figureFileSmall=cN+O9jWrzY+tkC6TpriQrw==, figureFileBig=0EFRuNmDC1xHDch1PaPbfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259464979259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同绿肥Cu、Zn含量及其残留率的动态变化

“Ⅰ”为LSD0.05值,处理间差数大于该值为差异显著。

, figureFileSmall=cN+O9jWrzY+tkC6TpriQrw==, figureFileBig=0EFRuNmDC1xHDch1PaPbfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259532088126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Pearson correlation coefficient among soil moisture, C/N, dry matter loss ratio, elements release rate

* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05), ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=k22tuvhu7RYs3yFl/Xfw+Q==, figureFileBig=cbiT/n+jh19XK3TU2QWPSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259603391297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=图8, caption=土壤含水率、C/N、阶段性失重率及养分释放率之间的Pearson相关系数

*表示显著相关(P<0.05),**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=k22tuvhu7RYs3yFl/Xfw+Q==, figureFileBig=cbiT/n+jh19XK3TU2QWPSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237831259687277381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Initial chemical properties of different green manures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
大量元素Macroelement/(mg·g–1中微量元素Middle-microelements/(μg·g–1碳氮比
C/N
碳C氮N磷P钾K钙Ca镁Mg铁Fe锰Mn铜Cu锌Zn
GT483.6a37.2b2.93a15.7a4.57b2.55b0.199a0.543b7.63b26.3a13.0b
ZSD498.8a43.5a2.35a11.4b5.31b1.82c0.105b0.720b49.0a22.4a11.5b
SMD470.0a36.9b2.74a14.0ab4.69b1.29d0.118b1.144a54.0a22.9a13.6b
ZHC478.6a24.5c2.33a13.5ab9.46a3.68a0.103b0.597b54.0a26.2a19.6a
), ArticleFig(id=1237831259750191943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

绿肥初始化学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
大量元素Macroelement/(mg·g–1中微量元素Middle-microelements/(μg·g–1碳氮比
C/N
碳C氮N磷P钾K钙Ca镁Mg铁Fe锰Mn铜Cu锌Zn
GT483.6a37.2b2.93a15.7a4.57b2.55b0.199a0.543b7.63b26.3a13.0b
ZSD498.8a43.5a2.35a11.4b5.31b1.82c0.105b0.720b49.0a22.4a11.5b
SMD470.0a36.9b2.74a14.0ab4.69b1.29d0.118b1.144a54.0a22.9a13.6b
ZHC478.6a24.5c2.33a13.5ab9.46a3.68a0.103b0.597b54.0a26.2a19.6a
), ArticleFig(id=1237831259834078026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Decomposition characteristics of dry matter of different green manures returning

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
Olson指数模型
Olson exponential model
相关系数
R2
分解常数
k
分解50%所需时间
Time required to decompose 50%/a
分解95%所需时间
Time required to decompose 95%/a
GTMt/M0=e-3.0116t0.8613.01a0.2300.995
ZSDMt/M0=e-2.0054t0.8992.01b0.3461.494
SMDMt/M0=e-2.5060t0.8622.51ab0.2771.195
ZHCMt/M0=e-2.3579t0.9482.36ab0.2941.271
), ArticleFig(id=1237831259917964109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814986022645764, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同绿肥还田干物质分解特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理
Treatment
Olson指数模型
Olson exponential model
相关系数
R2
分解常数
k
分解50%所需时间
Time required to decompose 50%/a
分解95%所需时间
Time required to decompose 95%/a
GTMt/M0=e-3.0116t0.8613.01a0.2300.995
ZSDMt/M0=e-2.0054t0.8992.01b0.3461.494
SMDMt/M0=e-2.5060t0.8622.51ab0.2771.195
ZHCMt/M0=e-2.3579t0.9482.36ab0.2941.271
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幼龄橡胶园不同绿肥原位还田腐解特征及养分释放规律
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饶之杰 1, 3 , 薛欣欣 1, 2, * , 王文斌 1, 2 , 罗雪华 1, 2 , 赵春梅 1, 2 , 任常琦 1, 2 , 张永发 1, 2 , 吴晓霜 1, 2 , 张婧旻 1, 2 , 王禹 1, 2
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(10): 2410-2421
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热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025, 46(10): 2410-2421
幼龄橡胶园不同绿肥原位还田腐解特征及养分释放规律
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饶之杰1, 3, 薛欣欣1, 2, * , 王文斌1, 2, 罗雪华1, 2, 赵春梅1, 2, 任常琦1, 2, 张永发1, 2, 吴晓霜1, 2, 张婧旻1, 2, 王禹1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州 571737
  • 3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
  • 饶之杰(2002—),男,本科生,研究方向:橡胶园养分资源管理。

通讯作者:

*薛欣欣,E-mail:
Decomposition Characteristics and Nutrient Release Patterns of Different Leguminous Green Manures with In-situ Incorporation in Young Rubber Plantations
Zhijie RAO1, 3, Xinxin XUE1, 2, * , Wenbin WANG1, 2, Xuehua LUO1, 2, Chunmei ZHAO1, 2, Changqi REN1, 2, Yongfa ZHANG1, 2, Xiaoshuang WU1, 2, Jingmin ZHANG1, 2, Yu WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1. Institute of Rubber, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2. Danzhou Soil Environment of Rubber Plantation, Hainan Observation and Research Station, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
  • 3. College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu'er, Yunnan 665099, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.012
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豆科绿肥覆盖及其还田对改善土壤状况及促进生态系统养分循环具有重要作用,研究绿肥还田腐解特征以及养分释放规律对橡胶园可持续生产具有重要意义。本研究选择热区具有代表性的4种豆科绿肥,设置4种绿肥处理分别为爪哇葛藤(Pueraria phaseoloides Benth,GT)、猪屎豆(Crotalavia anagroides H.B.K,ZSD)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida DC.,SMD)、柱花草[Stylosanthes guianensis(Aubl.)Sw.,ZHC]。在绿肥生长旺盛期,采用尼龙袋法开展为期260 d的田间原位腐解试验,探索4种不同豆科绿肥腐解特征及养分释放规律。结果表明:干物质腐解特征符合Olson指数衰减模型,4种豆科绿肥分解常数(k)表现为:GT(3.01)>SMD(2.51)、ZHC(2.36)>ZSD(2.01),其中,GT处理显著高于ZSD处理(P<0.05)。试验结束后,4种绿肥干物质残留率表现为:ZSD(24.7%)>SMD(22.7%)>ZHC(21.7%)>GT(17.3%),对应的绿肥分解95%所需时间分别为17.9、15.3、14.3、11.9个月。4种豆科绿肥的碳、氮、磷、钾残留率为氮(15.5%~34.0%)>磷(11.9%~30.4%)>碳(15.1%~22.2%)>钾(0.58%~1.07%);钙、镁残留率为钙(45.0%~64.0%)>镁(11.5%~31.9%);铁、铜和锌平均残留率分别为160.9%、138.3%和110.6%,而锰的平均残留率为36.3%。GT处理的各元素均表现为释放,在4种绿肥中残留率均最低;ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理对铁、铜和锌元素均有一定的富集作用。综上所述,不同绿肥还田腐解及养分释放特征的差异可为橡胶园养分循环、土壤地力提升提供重要的理论支撑,为橡胶园可持续生产提供技术支撑。

幼龄胶园  /  绿肥还田  /  腐解  /  养分释放

Leguminous green manure cover cropping and incorporation play a crucial role in improving soil conditions and enhancing nutrient cycling in ecosystems. Studying the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release patterns of green manure is of significant importance for the sustainable production of rubber plantations. This study selected four representative tropical leguminous green manures: Pueraria phaseoloides Benth (GT), Crotalavia anagroides H.B.K (ZSD), Tephrosia candida DC. (SMD), and Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. (ZHC). During the vigorous growth period of the green manures, a 260-day field in-situ decomposition experiment was conducted using the nylon mesh bag method to explore the decomposition characteristics and nutrient release patterns of the leguminous green manures from different genera. The dry matter decomposition characteristics followed the “Olson” exponential model. The decomposition constants (k) ranked as follows, GT (3.01)>SMD (2.51) and ZHC (2.36)>ZSD (2.01), with GT being significantly higher than ZSD (P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, the dry matter remaining rate of the four green manures was ZSD (24.7%)>SMD (22.7%)>ZHC (21.7%)>GT (17.3%). The time required for 95% decomposition was 17.9, 15.3, 14.3, and 11.9 months, respectively. For carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), the remaining rate across the four green manures (GT, ZSD, SMD, ZHC) was N (15.5%–34.0%)>P (11.9%–30.4%)>C (15.1%–22.2%)>K (0.58%–1.07%). Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) residue ratea was Ca (45.0%–64.0%)>Mg (11.5%–31.9%). Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) showed average residue rate of 160.9%, 138.3%, and 110.6%, respectively, indicating enrichment effects, while manganese (Mn) had an average residue rate of 36.3%. Notably, GT exhibited complete nutrient release for all elements, with the lowest remaining rate among the four green manures. In contrast, ZSD, SMD, and ZHC demonstrated enrichment effects for Fe, Cu, and Zn. In conclusion, the differences in decomposition and nutrient release characteristics among green manures would provide critical theoretical support for nutrient cycling and soil fertility improvement in rubber plantations, and technical guidance for sustainable rubber plantation management.

young rubber plantations  /  green manure returning  /  decomposition  /  nutrient release
饶之杰, 薛欣欣, 王文斌, 罗雪华, 赵春梅, 任常琦, 张永发, 吴晓霜, 张婧旻, 王禹. 幼龄橡胶园不同绿肥原位还田腐解特征及养分释放规律. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2410 -2421 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.012
Zhijie RAO, Xinxin XUE, Wenbin WANG, Xuehua LUO, Chunmei ZHAO, Changqi REN, Yongfa ZHANG, Xiaoshuang WU, Jingmin ZHANG, Yu WANG. Decomposition Characteristics and Nutrient Release Patterns of Different Leguminous Green Manures with In-situ Incorporation in Young Rubber Plantations[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2410 -2421 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.012
橡胶树是重要的热带经济作物,不仅在保障天然橡胶供应和国家安全方面具有重要作用,还是重要的碳汇作物[1]。海南橡胶园经过多代连续种植,土壤地力呈明显下降的趋势[2-3]。研究发现,成龄橡胶园郁闭度高、树体根系庞大,加之凋落物的养分循环,土壤地力基本处于平稳或缓慢上升水平[4],而幼龄橡胶园土地大面积裸露、橡胶树根系量少、地表覆盖度低以及除草剂使用等,导致土壤侵蚀风险高,土壤流失加剧[5]。绿肥种植及其还田在改善橡胶园土壤质量中具有重要的生态与经济意义,尤其在热带地区长期单一化种植橡胶导致土壤退化、肥力下降的背景下,其作用尤为关键[6]。以往研究表明,橡胶园种植豆科绿肥增加土壤固氮能力、提升土壤碳库,并且通过调控土壤微生物群落,促进土壤酶活性,进而提高土壤养分有效性[7-10];另外,绿肥种植还可大幅减少除草剂使用,降低地表径流造成的养分损失[11]。豆科绿肥通过刈割还田后可有效补充土壤养分,减少化肥施用,短期内有效缓解土壤酸化[12-13]。前期研究发现,多年生不同品种豆科绿肥覆盖可以显著提升土壤肥力,改善土壤结构[7]。但不同品种绿肥对土壤肥力提升效果存在差异,这可能与豆科绿肥自身属性及还田后的养分释放特征有较大关系[12]
研究绿肥腐解过程及养分释放规律是提升土壤肥力与构建可持续农业体系的重要理论支撑。综合已有研究表明,绿肥腐解动态通常呈现三阶段特征:初期快速腐解期、中期缓慢期和后期停滞期,整体表现为指数衰减模型[14-16]。初期快速分解主要归因于绿肥组织内水溶性有机物含量较高,可通过淋溶和微生物代谢快速分解;随腐解进程推进,木质素和纤维素等难降解组分占比提升,导致腐解速率降低[17]。例如,赵娜等[14]在北方旱地的研究发现,3种豆科绿肥在28 d内即可完成60%以上的干物质分解,之后腐解逐渐变慢,35 d后趋于稳定;陈宁等[15]在海南热区的研究发现,6种绿肥在分解后60 d内的腐解速率迅速,后期缓慢,180 d基本完全分解。但也有研究认为[18],冬季绿肥翻压后腐解呈现“慢-快-慢”的特征,这可能与冬季低温抑制微生物活性及降水减少限制物质淋失有关;而随着腐解时间延长,环境温湿度改善,从而促进微生物对绿肥的分解。在养分释放方面,由于不同元素在绿肥中存在的形式不同,导致各元素的释放规律存在较大差异。例如,磷在绿肥中因以有机态为主,其释放可能更依赖于微生物的作用;而钾、镁等元素则主要以离子态形式存在,更易随降水流失[13]。总体来看,绿肥分解过程受多重因素驱动,包括自身化学性质[19],如结构组成(半纤维素、纤维素及木质素含量)及其养分含量(初始养分、C/N、C/P等);外部环境因素[13],如土壤温度、水分、理化性质等。目前对绿肥腐解及养分释放过程已进行较多研究,但多关注干物质和大量元素分解,对中微量的关注较少;研究多集中在稻田、旱地、果园等生态系统,针对热区橡胶人工林系统的绿肥腐解特征及驱动机制关注度不够,这极大限制了绿肥在热区土壤地力改良中的应用。
热区具有高温、高湿、多雨等特征,其独特的水热条件对绿肥腐解及养分释放的影响可能与其他温带、亚热带存在较大差异。本研究以热区橡胶人工林生态系统为研究对象,通过在幼龄橡胶园种植不同种类豆科绿肥(爪哇葛藤、猪屎豆、山毛豆和柱花草),于绿肥生长旺盛期,对其进行刈割还田,采用尼龙网袋法,在各种植区开展为期260 d的原位腐解试验,动态监测4种绿肥的干物质分解和养分释放规律,综合分析干物质分解及养分释放的主要影响因素,以期阐明不同类型绿肥的分解规律和差异,筛选幼龄橡胶园适宜还田的绿肥种类,为幼龄橡胶园绿肥管理、土壤肥力提升提供理论依据。
试验地位于海南省儋州市中国热带农业科学院红城队(19°34′12″N,109°29′51″E)。研究区域属热带季风气候,年平均气温为23~25 ℃,年降雨量为1500~2000 mm。供试土壤为花岗岩发育的砖红壤,质地为砂壤土,土壤养分基本情况:pH 4.35,有机碳含量为11.40 g/kg,全氮含量为0.45 g/kg,有效磷含量为14.6 mg/kg,速效钾含量为23.9 mg/kg。
幼龄胶园橡胶树品种为热研917,橡胶树株行距为3 m×7 m,2021年11月定植。2022年5月在橡胶树行间种植豆科绿肥,供试绿肥分别为爪哇葛藤(Pueraria phaseoloides Benth)、猪屎豆(Crotalavia anagroides H.B.K)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida DC.)、柱花草[Stylosanthes guianensis(Aubl.)Sw.]。其中,猪屎豆和山毛豆为小灌木、爪哇葛藤为藤本、柱花草为草本。
试验设置4种绿肥处理:(1)爪哇葛藤(GT);(2)猪屎豆(ZSD);(3)山毛豆(SMD);(4)柱花草(ZHC)。每个处理重复3次,共12个小区,每个小区面积为125 m2,整个试验过程不施肥,不灌溉,定期清理柱花草以及葛藤的藤蔓,防止缠绕橡胶树影响其生长。2022年12月,在绿肥生物量达到最大时期,开展绿肥腐解实验。按照绿肥刈割标准,留茬高度不低于50 cm。将刈割的绿肥植物样品带回实验室,剪成2~3 cm小段,每种绿肥充分混匀后,称取鲜质量,取适量鲜样于60 ℃烘箱中烘干,计算含水率,测定初始化学性质,如表1所示。
准确称取每种绿肥新鲜样品200 g,装入规格为30 cm×25 cm、孔径为300目的尼龙网袋中。每种绿肥30个网袋,共120个尼龙袋。在田间条件下,将不同绿肥置于对应种植区内,各尼龙袋间隔50 cm以上,防止互相影响,随机排列。于还田后5、15、45、75、105、135、165、200、230、260 d采集尼龙袋样品,每种绿肥每次取3袋,共采集10次样品。带回实验室,去除尼龙袋表面杂物,在60 ℃下烘干,扣除尼龙网袋重量并记录绿肥干重。样品粉碎后测定不同元素含量。根据Olson衰减模型模拟绿肥干物质分解过程。同时,选择各采样时间段的中间一天,采用土壤水分仪测定表层土壤含水率,即为这一分解阶段的土壤含水率(图1)。腐解试验前采集各小区表层土壤样品,测定分析pH、有机质含量、全氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量,所测得结果如下:pH 4.73,有机质含量为12.9 g/kg,全氮含量为0.46 g/kg,有效磷含量为32.7 mg/kg,速效钾含量为31.9 mg/kg。
采用重铬酸钾外加热法测定C含量;采用连续流动分析仪法测定N和P含量;采用火焰光度计法测定K含量;采用原子吸收分光光度计法测定Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn含量[20]。根据干质量和养分含量计算养分残留量,用养分残留量占初始养分积累量的比例计算养分残留率。干物质残留率计算公式为:Mt/M0×100%,式中,Mtt时刻的剩余干质量(g),M0为绿肥初始干质量(g);Olson衰减模型公式为:Mt/M0=e-kt,根据模型计算分解系数(k),式中,t为分解时间;分解常数k值越大,代表分解速率越快;元素残留率计算公式为:(Ct×Mt)/(C0×M0)×100%,式中,Ctt时刻的养分含量(%),C0为初始养分元素含量(%)[21]
采用Microsoft Excel 2013软件进行数据整理,采用Origin 8.0软件绘图,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析,利用单因素方差分析及LSD法检验各处理间的差异显著性。
图2可知,4种绿肥的干物质残留率随时间的推移整体上均呈现下降趋势。干物质分解基本呈“前快-中慢-后快”的特点,0~45 d时,4种绿肥分解速率较快,干物质残留率下降显著。0~260 d时,各处理干物质残留率大小表现为:ZSD>SMD>ZHC>GT,其中GT处理分解最快,ZSD处理分解最慢,SMD和ZHC处理的干物质残留率较为接近;方差分析结果显示,45~135 d时,处理间干物质残留率差异不显著,分解速率较为平缓;165~260 d时,处理间干物质残留率差异显著(P<0.05)。利用Olson指数衰减模型对4种绿肥的干物质分解动态进行拟合,相关系数均达显著水平(P<0.05),GT处理的分解常数(k)显著高于ZSD处理(表2)。
C/N的变化反映绿肥分解过程中C和N的相对释放速率。由图2可知,在75 d时,ZHC、SMD和GT处理的C/N呈增加趋势,ZSD处理的C/N始终低于其他3个处理,分解期间基本处于下降趋势。方差分析结果显示,整个分解期,各处理C/N差异显著(P<0.05)。
图3可知,所有绿肥C含量在0~45 d快速下降,45~135 d又缓慢增加,200~230 d再次迅速下降。方差分析结果显示,45、200、260 d时,各处理间C含量差异显著(P<0.05)。0~45 d时,各处理C残留率从初始时的100%迅速下降至51.2%以下;经过260 d分解后,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的C残留率分别为15.1%、22.2%、20.1%、18.2%。方差分析结果显示,135、165、200、230、260 d时,各处理间C残留率差异显著(P<0.05)。
4种绿肥的N含量在还田15 d后均呈上升趋势,其中ZSD处理的N含量从43.5 mg/g增加至60.3 mg/g,升幅明显高于其他3种绿肥处理。整个分解过程中,各处理间N含量均差异显著(P<0.05)。0~45 d时,N残留率由100%快速下降至约50%,GT处理的N残留率始终最低。方差分析结果显示,135~260 d时,各处理间的N残留率差异显著(P<0.05);260 d以后,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的N残留率分别为15.5%、34.0%、21.9%、33.3%。
图4可知,4种绿肥的P含量随时间推移呈阶段性变化:0~45 d呈上升趋势(GT处理变幅较大),45~165 d呈波动趋势,165~260 d呈下降趋势。方差分析结果显示,5~260 d各处理间P含量差异显著(P<0.05)。从P残留率来看,4种绿肥在0~75 d内快速释放,在75~135 d释放平缓,165~260 d快速释放,呈现出“前期快-中期慢-后期快”的特征;260 d后,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的P残留率分别为11.9%、25.8%、16.4%、30.4%;方差分析结果显示,0~200 d各处理间P残留率差异不显著,但200~260 d各处理间P残留率差异显著(P<0.05)。
4种绿肥的K含量随时间的推移,在0~15 d内均快速上升,GT处理上升幅度较大,在45~260 d变幅趋同。方差分析结果显示,5~230 d各处理间K含量差异显著(P<0.05)。75 d时,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的K残留率分别为29.3%、41.5%、26.2%、48.3%;260 d时,各处理的K残留率分别为0.58%、1.07%、0.73%、0.90%。方差分析结果显示,75、105、135、200 d时各处理间K残留率差异显著(P<0.05)。
图5可知,4种绿肥的Ca含量随时间推移呈现不同变化趋势。其中,GT、SMD、ZSD处理的Ca含量变化趋势较平稳,而ZHC处理的Ca含量呈持续增加趋势,Ca含量从初始时的9.5 mg/g增加至260 d时的27.8 mg/g,增幅达193.6%。分解期间,各处理间Ca含量差异显著(P<0.05)。GT、SMD处理的Ca残留率呈“上升-下降-上升-下降”的波动趋势,75 d时的Ca残留率达到最大值,分别为118.2%和115.9%。200~230 d时,GT、SMD、ZHC处理的Ca残留率分别从78.0%、86.0%、81.8%迅速下降至47.8%、55.2%、52.4%。分解结束后,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的Ca残留率分别为45.0%、45.2%、57.8%、64.0%。
0~45 d时,4种绿肥的Mg含量呈上升趋势,GT、ZSD处理的Mg含量在45 d后开始下降,而ZHC处理的Mg含量则在75 d后开始下降。方差分析结果显示,0~260 d时,各处理间Mg含量差异显著(P<0.05)。SMD处理的Mg残留率呈先急剧上升后急剧下降的趋势,105 d后趋于稳定释放。4种绿肥中,GT处理除135 d时出现小幅上升拐点外,其他时间持续稳定释放。260 d时,GT处理的Mg残留率仅有11.5%,ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的Mg残留率分别为24.5%、20.6%、31.9%。试验前230 d时,各处理间Mg残留率差异不显著。
图6可知,4种绿肥的Fe含量在0~230 d呈整体持续增加,230 d时达到峰值。GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理分别从0.20、0.11、0.12、0.10 mg/g增加至1.12、1.46、1.22、2.16 mg/g,增长率均超过300%。方差分析结果显示,除45、200 d外,其余时间段各处理间Fe含量差异显著(P<0.05)。各处理Fe残留率变化整体波动较大,方差分析结果表明,5、230 d时,各处理间Fe残留率差异显著(P<0.05)。至260 d时,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的Fe残留率分别为101.9%、170.3%、134.3%、237.1%,均表现富集现象。
4种绿肥的Mn含量随时间推移总体呈平稳上升趋势。260 d时,各处理Mn含量大小顺序为:ZSD>ZHC>SMD>GT,其中,GT处理的Mn含量波动最小,Mn含量增幅较低。方差分析结果显示,除135、200 d外,其余时间段各处理间Mn含量差异显著(P<0.05)。GT、SMD、ZHC处理的Mn残留率在0~5 d内从100%分别快速下降至63.1%、51.5%、65.7%;ZSD处理的Mn残留率在15~45 d内从113.6%迅速下降至57.4%。260 d时,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的Mn残留率分别为25.4%、50.0%、23.9%、46.0%。方差分析结果显示,各处理在5、75、135、165、260 d时,各处理的Mn残留率差异显著(P<0.05)。
图7可知,GT处理的Cu含量显著低于其他3种绿肥处理(P<0.05),且整体变化平稳;而ZSD、SDM、ZHC处理的Cu含量则随时间推移均呈增加趋势,200~230 d的Cu含量急剧上升。Cu残留率变化无明显规律。260 d时,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的Mn残留率分别为96.2%、161.7%、145.5%、149.6%。
4种绿肥的Zn含量随时间推移呈上升趋势,75~105 d时,Zn含量增幅最大。其中,GT、ZHC处理的Zn含量普遍高于ZSD、SMD处理。方差分析结果显示,5~260 d时,各处理间Zn含量差异显著(P<0.05)。各处理的Zn残留率在0~5 d快速下降,其中,SMD处理的Zn残留率从100%下降至68.8%;75~105 d时,各处理Zn残留率从小于80%升至大于135%,随后缓慢下降。260 d时,GT、ZSD、SMD、ZHC处理的Zn残留率分别为86.2%、124.5%、103.4%、128.2%。方差分析结果显示,105、230、260 d时,各处理间Zn残留率差异显著(P<0.05)。
对不同腐解阶段的表层土壤含水率、绿肥阶段性失重率、C/N及养分释放率进行相关性分析(图8),发现绿肥阶段性失重率与土壤含水率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与C/N呈负相关,但差异不显著。此外,除Fe外,阶段性失重率与其他各元素阶段释放率之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。土壤含水率与C、N、P、Fe、Mn和Zn的释放率呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著正相关(P<0.01)。
本研究发现,藤本绿肥爪哇葛藤腐解速率最快,分解260 d后干物质残留率降至17.3%;小灌木绿肥山毛豆次之,而猪屎豆以及柱花草的腐解速率较慢。Olson指数衰减模型拟合显示,爪哇葛藤分解50%和95%所需时间分别比山毛豆快0.57个月和2.4个月,比柱花草快0.78个月和3.36个月,比猪屎豆快1.4个月和6.1个月。相关分析结果表明,土壤含水率与绿肥干物质分解呈显著正相关。由土壤含水率可知,爪哇葛藤种植区土壤含水率较高(平均为7.6%),这可能与其藤本特性及高的地表覆盖率增强保水能力有关;山毛豆种植区含水率平均为6.8%,这与山毛豆地表落叶覆盖有关[7];而猪屎豆和柱花草种植区土壤含水率较低,分别平均为6.1%和6.3%,导致这2种绿肥腐解速率较慢。由此可见,土壤水分是热区绿肥分解的关键驱动因素,腐解速率随土壤含水率升高而加快,该结果与ABERA等[22]的研究结论一致。此外,绿肥养分含量(如氮、磷)也影响绿肥腐解过程。本研究结果表明,绿肥不同阶段的分解速率与该阶段的碳、氮等养分释放率均呈极显著正相关关系,说明干物质分解与养分释放存在相互促进的关系。前人研究普遍认为C/N与腐解速率呈负相关[19]。如薄晶晶等[23]研究发现,初始C/N低的(14.7)长武怀豆比C/N高的(25.1)黑麦草更易腐解;李忠义等[24]研究指出,碳氮养分释放与C/N呈负相关。本研究发现,C/N与干物质腐解速率呈负相关,但并未达到显著水平。从各阶段绿肥C/N来看,尽管猪屎豆的C/N始终显著低于其他绿肥,但其腐解速率却较爪哇葛藤和山毛豆慢,表明高温高湿的热区环境中,C/N可能为非主控因素,具体机制需进一步探究。此外,绿肥有机组成(如半纤维素、纤维素、木质素)亦会影响腐解速率。绿肥有机化合物腐解由易到难顺序为:单糖、淀粉、简单蛋白质>粗蛋白>半纤维素>纤维素>脂肪>木质素[25]。爪哇葛藤为藤本植物,组织偏纤维化,且分解初期鲜体含水率高、易分解有机物质丰富,可为微生物提供充足的碳源和养分,从而加快分解;而猪屎豆和山毛豆木质化程度较高,柱花草虽偏纤维化但其叶量较少,均导致其腐解速率较慢。另有研究发现,绿肥种植可增加微生物生物量、酶活性,改变土壤微生物的碳氮利用效率,而不同种类绿肥种植对土壤生物作用影响不尽相同[26-27],可能是导致不同种类绿肥还田后腐解速率存在差异的原因,具体机制仍有待继续研究。
本研究结果表明,各绿肥分解期间,碳、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁均随分解时间延长呈持续释放的特点,而微量元素中,铁、铜、锌存在不同程度的富集,锰则整体上为释放特征。前人研究指出,初始浓度较低的元素更易发生富集或是富集量较大,且分解过程中常常出现波动,变化缺乏规律;初始浓度较高的元素则较少富集甚至直接释放,变化趋势相对平稳[28]。从养分释放率来看,大量元素释放率表现为:钾>磷>氮,均呈现“前期快-后期慢”的特点,与潘福霞[16]和李逢雨等[29]的研究结论一致。260 d后,钾元素残留率仅约1.0%,释放最为彻底,原因在于钾主要以离子态或水溶性盐形式存在于植物体内,易通过淋溶快速释放;而氮、磷多与有机物结合,需依赖微生物降解。值得注意的是,铁、铜和锌在腐解期间存在较明显的富集现象,这与之前的研究类似[25,30]。一方面可能是因为砖红壤旱地铁、铜、锌等养分含量较高,由于养分的稀释效应,上述金属元素从高浓度的土壤向低浓度的植物残体表面运移,因此出现富集现象。另一方面可能与水旱交替过程有关,即前期以溶解度较高的还原态释放,绿肥腐解75 d后(4—7月)出现水旱交替过程,已释放的还原态铁、铜、锌等又快速转变为氧化态吸附于绿肥残体,从而出现富集现象。由此可见,绿肥还田之前,土壤中金属微量元素铁、铜、锌被绿肥吸收到体内进行固定,还田后还可持续富集土壤中的铁、铜、锌到绿肥残体内,这种富集效应是否会对幼龄橡胶树或开割橡胶树产生潜在影响还需进一步研究。从不同绿肥养分释放来看,爪哇葛藤的氮、磷、钾、镁释放率最高,猪屎豆与柱花草释放速率则较低,此规律与干物质腐解特征基本一致。此外,葛藤种植区土壤含水率较高,也是加速其养分释放的重要因素[31]。葛藤对铁元素的富集率在4种绿肥中最低且随变化较平稳,而其他3种绿肥铁残留率波动较大,这可能与葛藤初始的铁含量较高有关。综上所述,热区幼龄橡胶园绿肥筛选需综合考量腐解特性与养分释放规律,爪哇葛藤腐解速率和养分释放较快,宜作为短期肥源;而猪屎豆、柱花草、山毛豆分解较慢,适合作长期肥源;亦可混合还田以平衡速效与长效需求,从而满足橡胶树不同生长阶段的养分需求。
不同品种绿肥的腐解特征及养分释放规律存在较大差异,藤本绿肥爪哇葛藤干物质分解速率最快,而小灌木绿肥猪屎豆最慢。4种绿肥中,大量元素残留率表现为氮>磷>碳>钾;中量元素残留率表现为钙>镁;微量元素中,锰残留率最低且表现为释放特征,而铜、铁、锌残留率较高,其中仅葛藤对铁呈释放趋势,其他3种绿肥对铜、铁、锌均表现为富集。基于上述规律,建议结合藤本、草本及小灌木的分解特征进行混合还田,以保障橡胶园养分持续供应,改善胶园土壤健康。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1901403)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022022002)
  • 国家天然橡胶产业技术体系项目(CARS-33-ZP2)
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2025年第46卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.012
  • 接收时间:2025-04-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-21
  • 录用日期:2025-05-29
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1901403)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022022002)
国家天然橡胶产业技术体系项目(CARS-33-ZP2)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口 571101
    2.儋州橡胶林土壤环境海南省野外科学观测研究站,海南儋州 571737
    3.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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