Article(id=1237814984768549804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741881600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1749571200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-11, onlineDate=1773047689858, onlineDateStr=2026-03-09, pubDate=1761321600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773047689858, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773047689858, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773047689858, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1237814978405790425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='10', pageStart='2287', pageEnd='2547', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773047688342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773049212967, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1237821373213635443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1237814978405790425, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2390, endPage=2400, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1237814985049568192, articleId=1237814984768549804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Growth Variation and Comprehensive Evaluation of 25 Aquilaria sinensis Qi Nan Clones, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study explored the growth regularity and genetic variation characteristics of Aquilaria sinensis Qi Nan clones to provide a theoretical basis for selection superior A. sinensis Qi Nan clones and application. 25 A. sinensis Qi Nan clones cultivated in the Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry were inves-tigated, the tree height and basal diameter were measured at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. The study analyzed early growth performance, adaptability, growth trait variations among different clones, and the intercorrelations. Comprehensive estimation of genetic parameters and cluster analysis were used to select superior clones. There were significant differences in tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate among the clones. The average tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate at 3 years old was 134.15 cm, 2.89 cm and 68.40%, respectively. The highest was Qi NYH, and the lowest was Bo LZ. There were substantial variations in the annual growth increments of tree height and basal diameter among the clones. Generally, the tree height and basal diameter increased remarkably in the third year. The clones showed different ranges of variation in tree height and basal diameter at different growth stages. The basal diameter showed a high degree of dispersion and the richest variation. The broad-sense heritability of growth traits in 3 years was high and stable, above 0.63. Basal diameter, tree height and preservation rate showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation. Principal component analysis revealed that the clones were comprehensively evaluated and ranked based on the scores. According to the selection rate of 20%, the top five were Qi NYH, Ao S, Jin SZ, Tu YW and Cuan T in turn. The results of cluster analysis showed that the clones were divided into 4 categories. Class Ⅰ grew better, and had stronger potential for growth in the later period than others, including Ao S, Qi NYH, Lan BS, Tu YW, Jin SY, Xi GY, Jin SZ and Cuan T, with the tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate above 158.00 cm, 3.00 cm and 73.00%, respectively. Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ grew relatively fast. Class Ⅳ grew the slowest with the slowest tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate. Through comprehensive evaluation, Qi NYH, Ao S, Jin SZ, Tu YW and Cuan T clones had the best performance in tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate. They could be popularized and planted as the excellent comprehensive quality of A. sinensis Qi Nan clones in Pingxiang and other suitable places.

, correspAuthors=Jian HAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*HAO Jian,E-mail:
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探究奇楠沉香无性系的生长规律和遗传变异特征,为奇楠沉香优良无性系早期高效选育提供理论依据,助力沉香产业提质增效。以中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心栽培的25份奇楠沉香无性系为研究对象,通过连续调查3 a生长性状等指标,分析不同无性系的生长表现、适应性以及生长性状变异等早期生长差异和相关性,综合遗传参数估算和聚类分析,筛选具有速生、广适性特征的优良无性系。结果表明:25份奇楠沉香无性系的树高、地径和保存率均差异显著,3 a的平均树高、地径和保存率分别为134.15 cm、2.89 cm、68.40%,最大的均为Qi NYH,最小的均为Bo LZ。25份奇楠沉香无性系造林后树高和地径年生长量存在较大的变幅,整体表现为种植第3年的树高和地径显著提高。25份奇楠沉香无性系在不同生长时期树高和地径均表现出不同幅度的变异,地径性状离散大,变异最为丰富。生长性状3 a的广义遗传力均较高且稳定,均在0.63以上。地径、树高和保存率之间呈显著或极显著正相关。通过主成分分析对25份奇楠沉香无性系进行综合排名,按照20%的入选率,入选前5名的依次是Qi NYH、Ao S、Jin SZ、Tu YW、Cuan T。通过聚类分析将25份参试无性系分为4类,第Ⅰ类长势较好,包括Ao S、Qi NYH、Lan BS、Tu YW、Jin SY、Xi GY、Jin SZ和Cuan T,树高、地径和保存率分别在158.00 cm、3.00 cm和73.00%以上,具有较强的后期生长潜力;第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类长势居中;第Ⅳ类长势较差,树高、地径和保存率均较低。通过综合评价得出,无性系Qi NYH、Ao S、Jin SZ、Tu YW和Cuan T的树高、地径、年生长量和保存率等均表现较好,适宜作为综合品质优良的奇楠沉香无性系在凭祥等地进行推广种植。

, correspAuthors=郝建, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郝建,E-mail:
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钟源源(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:林木良种培育。

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钟源源(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:林木良种培育。

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钟源源(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:林木良种培育。

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Genetic variation and superior clone selection of 11-year-old Tectona grandis clones[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2023, 51(8): 18-22, 64. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Genetic variation and superior clone selection of 11-year-old Tectona grandis clones, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000522355548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=352, pageEnd=359, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=39, authorNames=WU H X, journalName=Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU H X. Benefits and risks of using clones in forestry: a review[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2019, 34(5): 352-359., articleTitle=Benefits and risks of using clones in forestry: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000602047324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=3, issue=3, pageStart=227, pageEnd=238, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=40, authorNames=BALTUNIS B S, HUBERr D A, WHITE T L, GOLDFARB B, STELZER H E, journalName=Tree Genetics & Genomes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BALTUNIS B S, HUBERr D A, WHITE T L, GOLDFARB B, STELZER H E. Genetic gain from selection for rooting ability and early growth in vegetatively propagated clones of loblolly pine[J]. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2007, 3(3): 227-238., articleTitle=Genetic gain from selection for rooting ability and early growth in vegetatively propagated clones of loblolly pine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1237815000694322016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=38, issue=1, pageStart=56, pageEnd=87, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=41, authorNames=WU H X, IVKOVIC M, GAPARE W J, MATHESON A C, BALTUNIS B S, POWELL M B, MCRAE T A, journalName=New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU H X, IVKOVIC M, GAPARE W J, MATHESON A C, BALTUNIS B S, POWELL M B, MCRAE T A. Breeding for wood quality and profit in Pinus radiata: a review of genetic parameter estimates and implications for breeding and deployment[J]. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 2008, 38(1): 56-87., articleTitle=Breeding for wood quality and profit in Pinus radiata: a review of genetic parameter estimates and implications for breeding and deployment, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1237814996428714702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, awardId=桂林科研[2022]第2号; 2024GXLK32, language=CN, fundingSource=广西林业科技推广示范项目(桂林科研[2022]第2号; 2024GXLK32), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1237814996508406479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, awardId=2024 GXNSFBA010421, language=CN, fundingSource=广西自然科学基金项目(2024 GXNSFBA010421), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1237814989495529720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814989499724025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, companyId=1237814989495529720, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814989512306940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, companyId=1237814989495529720, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西凭祥 532600)]), AuthorCompany(id=1237814989617164548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814989625553157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, companyId=1237814989617164548, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. 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Qipo Forest Farm of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1237814989852045593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, companyId=1237814989839462680, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广西国有七坡林场,广西南宁 530004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1237814994381894256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Correlation analysis of growth traits at different age stages

H1-H3 are plant heights of 1, 2, and 3 a respectively; D1-D3 are ground diameters of 1, 2, and 3 a respectively; P1-P3 are retention rates of 1, 2, and 3 a, respectively. * indicates significant correlation (P<0.05); ** indicates extremely significant correlation (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=L7TeMLJXyKbhOeWqYP/DGA==, figureFileBig=yMe99iFZIDDD431VCOW6Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994469974646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同生长时期生长性状相关性分析

H1~H3分别为1、2、3 a树高;D1~D3分别1、2、3 a地径;P1~P3分别为1、2、3 a保存率。*表示显著相关(P<0.05);**表示极显著相关(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=L7TeMLJXyKbhOeWqYP/DGA==, figureFileBig=yMe99iFZIDDD431VCOW6Gg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994696467070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Cluster analysis of growth traits of 25 A. sinensis Qi Nan clones, figureFileSmall=zZZ3j2zZYRqz/UBhurvyMQ==, figureFileBig=qvrq0LuiBZHivh7fCOtnvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994809713283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=图2, caption=25份奇楠沉香无性系生长性状的聚类分析, figureFileSmall=zZZ3j2zZYRqz/UBhurvyMQ==, figureFileBig=qvrq0LuiBZHivh7fCOtnvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1237814994910376583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Basic information of 25 tested A. sinensis Qi Nan clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
无性系编号
Clone No.
无性系代码
Clone code
来源
Source
无性系编号
Clone No.
无性系代码
Clone code
来源
Source
QN01Jin ShaY深圳市QN14Zi Q茂名市
QN02Diao YW茂名市QN15Tang J茂名市
QN03Pu TT茂名市QN16Zhi TJ深圳市
QN04Ao S茂名市QN17Jian YZ汕尾市
QN05Lan BS惠州市QN18Xiao YZ汕尾市
QN06Tu YW茂名市QN19You YZ深圳市
QN07Xiang SYH茂名市QN20Cuan T惠州市
QN08Jin SZ茂名市QN21Tou DL茂名市
QN09Da YP汕尾市QN22Hong GJY茂名市
QN10Qi NYH茂名市QN23Bo LZ茂名市
QN11Jin SY惠州市QN24Kuai C茂名市
QN12Jin SYH茂名市QN25Qian LX茂名市
QN13Xi GY茂名市   
), ArticleFig(id=1237814994998456971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

25个参试奇楠沉香无性系基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
无性系编号
Clone No.
无性系代码
Clone code
来源
Source
无性系编号
Clone No.
无性系代码
Clone code
来源
Source
QN01Jin ShaY深圳市QN14Zi Q茂名市
QN02Diao YW茂名市QN15Tang J茂名市
QN03Pu TT茂名市QN16Zhi TJ深圳市
QN04Ao S茂名市QN17Jian YZ汕尾市
QN05Lan BS惠州市QN18Xiao YZ汕尾市
QN06Tu YW茂名市QN19You YZ深圳市
QN07Xiang SYH茂名市QN20Cuan T惠州市
QN08Jin SZ茂名市QN21Tou DL茂名市
QN09Da YP汕尾市QN22Hong GJY茂名市
QN10Qi NYH茂名市QN23Bo LZ茂名市
QN11Jin SY惠州市QN24Kuai C茂名市
QN12Jin SYH茂名市QN25Qian LX茂名市
QN13Xi GY茂名市   
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995111703183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Growth performance and preservation rate of 3-year-old for 25 A. sinensis Qi Nan clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995195589268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

25份奇楠沉香无性系3a生长表现及保存率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995304641179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Height and basal diameter annual growth increment among different clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
无性系
Clone
2a3a
树高Plant height/cm地径Basal diameter/cm树高Plant height/cm地径Basal diameter/cm
QN0115.26±13.86cd0.43±0.25efgh36.75±6.45ab0.94±0.36abc
QN0228.48±10.48abcd0.68±0.20abcdefgh56.37±8.89ab1.32±0.33abc
QN0334.39±18.32abcd0.95±0.51abcde46.36±24.23ab1.16±0.36abc
QN0450.69±23.95ab1.20±0.55a57.45±26.25ab1.65±0.60a
QN0542.86±13.63abcd0.90±0.23abcdef58.19±18.30ab1.63±0.42a
QN0635.93±8.01abcd1.00±0.15abcd50.46±9.84ab1.48±0.11ab
QN0734.21±11.83abcd0.64±0.22bcdefgh49.73±10.74ab1.29±0.49abc
QN0836.36±17.38abcd0.94±0.34abcdef53.10±16.39ab1.29±0.49abc
QN0921.92±22.04bcd0.51±0.33cdefgh32.37±21.98ab0.79±0.75bc
QN1044.08±21.95abcd1.15±0.50ab59.79±19.44a1.64±0.62a
QN1138.89±14.91abcd0.87±0.20abcdef56.06±13.77ab1.55±0.36ab
QN1222.87±15.45bcd0.52±0.30cdefgh30.11±20.56ab0.79±0.43bc
QN1342.50±21.17abcd1.04±0.41abc57.84±21.91ab1.58±0.55ab
QN1434.55±11.49abcd0.61±0.12cdefgh31.81±17.33ab0.95±0.47abc
QN1541.65±14.01abcd0.79±0.23abcdefg40.72±12.04ab0.89±0.12abc
QN1660.48±58.92a0.59±0.22cdefgh34.71±25.99ab1.17±0.30abc
QN1725.48±12.82bcd0.41±0.12fgh44.58±8.75ab1.02±0.38abc
QN1819.16±14.16bcd0.33±0.27gh39.97±22.83ab0.94±0.55abc
QN1910.23±17.89d0.21±0.29h30.64±28.79ab0.67±0.56bc
QN2046.66±10.51abc0.94±0.35abcdef52.13±11.27ab1.32±0.30abc
QN2140.89±21.03abcd0.93±0.45abcdef55.78±21.82ab1.30±0.69abc
QN2221.30±16.53bcd0.49±0.33defgh36.44±23.06ab0.89±0.54abc
QN2310.51±8.99d0.25±0.18h26.74±14.45b0.65±0.14bc
QN2429.64±15.99abcd0.60±0.26cdefgh42.95±14.35ab1.16±0.44abc
QN2534.88±8.59abcd0.71±0.20abcdefgh34.42±18.40ab0.96±0.43abc
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995422081697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同无性系的树高和地径年生长量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
无性系
Clone
2a3a
树高Plant height/cm地径Basal diameter/cm树高Plant height/cm地径Basal diameter/cm
QN0115.26±13.86cd0.43±0.25efgh36.75±6.45ab0.94±0.36abc
QN0228.48±10.48abcd0.68±0.20abcdefgh56.37±8.89ab1.32±0.33abc
QN0334.39±18.32abcd0.95±0.51abcde46.36±24.23ab1.16±0.36abc
QN0450.69±23.95ab1.20±0.55a57.45±26.25ab1.65±0.60a
QN0542.86±13.63abcd0.90±0.23abcdef58.19±18.30ab1.63±0.42a
QN0635.93±8.01abcd1.00±0.15abcd50.46±9.84ab1.48±0.11ab
QN0734.21±11.83abcd0.64±0.22bcdefgh49.73±10.74ab1.29±0.49abc
QN0836.36±17.38abcd0.94±0.34abcdef53.10±16.39ab1.29±0.49abc
QN0921.92±22.04bcd0.51±0.33cdefgh32.37±21.98ab0.79±0.75bc
QN1044.08±21.95abcd1.15±0.50ab59.79±19.44a1.64±0.62a
QN1138.89±14.91abcd0.87±0.20abcdef56.06±13.77ab1.55±0.36ab
QN1222.87±15.45bcd0.52±0.30cdefgh30.11±20.56ab0.79±0.43bc
QN1342.50±21.17abcd1.04±0.41abc57.84±21.91ab1.58±0.55ab
QN1434.55±11.49abcd0.61±0.12cdefgh31.81±17.33ab0.95±0.47abc
QN1541.65±14.01abcd0.79±0.23abcdefg40.72±12.04ab0.89±0.12abc
QN1660.48±58.92a0.59±0.22cdefgh34.71±25.99ab1.17±0.30abc
QN1725.48±12.82bcd0.41±0.12fgh44.58±8.75ab1.02±0.38abc
QN1819.16±14.16bcd0.33±0.27gh39.97±22.83ab0.94±0.55abc
QN1910.23±17.89d0.21±0.29h30.64±28.79ab0.67±0.56bc
QN2046.66±10.51abc0.94±0.35abcdef52.13±11.27ab1.32±0.30abc
QN2140.89±21.03abcd0.93±0.45abcdef55.78±21.82ab1.30±0.69abc
QN2221.30±16.53bcd0.49±0.33defgh36.44±23.06ab0.89±0.54abc
QN2310.51±8.99d0.25±0.18h26.74±14.45b0.65±0.14bc
QN2429.64±15.99abcd0.60±0.26cdefgh42.95±14.35ab1.16±0.44abc
QN2534.88±8.59abcd0.71±0.20abcdefgh34.42±18.40ab0.96±0.43abc
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995522745000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Variation coefficient of clone growth traits at different age stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
无性系
Clone
1a2a3a
树高
Plant height
地径
Basal diameter
树高
Plant height
地径
Basal diameter
树高
Plant height
地径
Basal diameter
QN019.745.6623.9822.6414.7127.46
QN0211.096.586.077.955.949.64
QN0317.0811.5732.7925.6028.3529.76
QN0424.2221.5633.8232.3536.3934.66
QN0514.2713.3717.6814.4519.2020.17
QN065.7710.667.113.648.423.24
QN0715.2614.1322.0420.6716.7226.17
QN0814.2217.2923.9822.1322.0125.12
QN0922.9318.2636.5341.1249.7357.49
QN1012.628.0425.0318.7120.1628.95
QN119.988.6413.2619.1819.1417.09
QN1220.1920.9332.0729.5836.9639.65
QN1326.4022.4732.1633.5433.0932.49
QN1413.1110.3014.7619.5917.0118.98
QN1521.5520.6823.8224.4725.5720.32
QN1617.0016.3823.3455.2229.1923.92
QN1732.8819.1531.3729.7925.5133.18
QN1814.3313.1227.9224.3436.1639.11
QN1914.498.6238.0037.9256.2954.58
QN2012.6612.5823.1316.5714.1519.90
QN2127.0424.9635.9735.0123.5427.53
QN2224.5324.6937.9340.7742.3442.20
QN2320.7724.1215.6917.9919.8911.95
QN248.547.0418.4921.6820.0721.37
QN256.699.5914.6712.9318.0820.74
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995661157035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同生长时期无性系生长性状的变异系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
无性系
Clone
1a2a3a
树高
Plant height
地径
Basal diameter
树高
Plant height
地径
Basal diameter
树高
Plant height
地径
Basal diameter
QN019.745.6623.9822.6414.7127.46
QN0211.096.586.077.955.949.64
QN0317.0811.5732.7925.6028.3529.76
QN0424.2221.5633.8232.3536.3934.66
QN0514.2713.3717.6814.4519.2020.17
QN065.7710.667.113.648.423.24
QN0715.2614.1322.0420.6716.7226.17
QN0814.2217.2923.9822.1322.0125.12
QN0922.9318.2636.5341.1249.7357.49
QN1012.628.0425.0318.7120.1628.95
QN119.988.6413.2619.1819.1417.09
QN1220.1920.9332.0729.5836.9639.65
QN1326.4022.4732.1633.5433.0932.49
QN1413.1110.3014.7619.5917.0118.98
QN1521.5520.6823.8224.4725.5720.32
QN1617.0016.3823.3455.2229.1923.92
QN1732.8819.1531.3729.7925.5133.18
QN1814.3313.1227.9224.3436.1639.11
QN1914.498.6238.0037.9256.2954.58
QN2012.6612.5823.1316.5714.1519.90
QN2127.0424.9635.9735.0123.5427.53
QN2224.5324.6937.9340.7742.3442.20
QN2320.7724.1215.6917.9919.8911.95
QN248.547.0418.4921.6820.0721.37
QN256.699.5914.6712.9318.0820.74
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995757626032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Genetic parameters of growth traits at different age stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长期
Age stage/a
生长性状
Growth trait
广义遗传力
Broad-sense heritability
遗传变异系数
Genotypic coefficient of variation/%
表型变异系数
Phenotypic coefficient of variation/%
环境变异系数
Environment coefficient of variation/%
1树高0.8540.0021.4815.66
 地径0.7736.9020.4417.61
2树高0.6447.0127.4328.27
 地径0.7452.0529.1926.46
3树高0.6343.3825.4126.46
 地径0.6950.7729.0828.40
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995866677940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同生长时期生长性状的遗传参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长期
Age stage/a
生长性状
Growth trait
广义遗传力
Broad-sense heritability
遗传变异系数
Genotypic coefficient of variation/%
表型变异系数
Phenotypic coefficient of variation/%
环境变异系数
Environment coefficient of variation/%
1树高0.8540.0021.4815.66
 地径0.7736.9020.4417.61
2树高0.6447.0127.4328.27
 地径0.7452.0529.1926.46
3树高0.6343.3825.4126.46
 地径0.6950.7729.0828.40
), ArticleFig(id=1237814995963146937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Eigenvalues of correlation matrix for nine principal components

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分
Principal component
特征值
Eigen value
方差贡献率
Proportion rate/%
累积贡献率
Cumulative proportion rate/%
17.5884.1684.16
20.748.2092.36
30.343.8296.18
40.141.5697.75
50.080.8898.63
60.070.7599.37
70.040.4699.83
80.010.1199.94
90.010.06100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1237814996042838717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

9个主成分相关矩阵特征值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
主成分
Principal component
特征值
Eigen value
方差贡献率
Proportion rate/%
累积贡献率
Cumulative proportion rate/%
17.5884.1684.16
20.748.2092.36
30.343.8296.18
40.141.5697.75
50.080.8898.63
60.070.7599.37
70.040.4699.83
80.010.1199.94
90.010.06100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1237814996177056448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Principal component analysis composite score ranking of 25 A. sinensis Qi Nan clones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
无性系
Clone
综合得分
Composite score
排序
Rank
QN101.881
QN041.322
QN081.243
QN061.174
QN200.945
QN030.796
QN110.717
QN050.688
QN130.649
QN160.5410
QN250.3811
QN210.2512
QN240.1713
QN020.0014
QN15–0.1815
QN07–0.4816
QN01–0.6317
QN22–0.7318
QN14–0.7619
QN12–1.0820
QN19–1.1721
QN18–1.3122
QN09–1.3623
QN23–1.4724
QN17–1.5425
), ArticleFig(id=1237814996298691272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1237814984768549804, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

25份奇楠沉香无性系主成分分析综合得分排名

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
无性系
Clone
综合得分
Composite score
排序
Rank
QN101.881
QN041.322
QN081.243
QN061.174
QN200.945
QN030.796
QN110.717
QN050.688
QN130.649
QN160.5410
QN250.3811
QN210.2512
QN240.1713
QN020.0014
QN15–0.1815
QN07–0.4816
QN01–0.6317
QN22–0.7318
QN14–0.7619
QN12–1.0820
QN19–1.1721
QN18–1.3122
QN09–1.3623
QN23–1.4724
QN17–1.5425
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25份奇楠沉香无性系的生长变异与综合评价
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钟源源 1, 3 , 付豪 1, 3 , 杨保国 1, 3 , 崔之益 2 , 陈乐康 1, 3 , 毛纯 4 , 熊俊飞 1, 3 , 赵宏鹏 1, 3 , 覃瑶 1, 3 , 郝建 1, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(10): 2390-2400
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热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025, 46(10): 2390-2400
25份奇楠沉香无性系的生长变异与综合评价
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钟源源1, 3, 付豪1, 3, 杨保国1, 3, 崔之益2, 陈乐康1, 3, 毛纯4, 熊俊飞1, 3, 赵宏鹏1, 3, 覃瑶1, 3, 郝建1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西凭祥 532600
  • 2.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州 510520
  • 3.广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站/崇左凭祥友谊关森林生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站,广西凭祥 532600
  • 4.广西国有七坡林场,广西南宁 530004
  • 钟源源(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向:林木良种培育。

通讯作者:

*郝建,E-mail:
Growth Variation and Comprehensive Evaluation of 25 Aquilaria sinensis Qi Nan Clones
Yuanyuan ZHONG1, 3, Hao FU1, 3, Baoguo YANG1, 3, Zhiyi CUI2, Lekang CHEN1, 3, Chun MAO4, Junfei XIONG1, 3, Hongpeng ZHAO1, 3, Yao QIN1, 3, Jian HAO1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532600, China
  • 2. Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510520, China
  • 3. Guangxi Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station / Youyiguan Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Pingxiang, Guangxi 532600, China
  • 4. Qipo Forest Farm of Guangxi, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.010
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探究奇楠沉香无性系的生长规律和遗传变异特征,为奇楠沉香优良无性系早期高效选育提供理论依据,助力沉香产业提质增效。以中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心栽培的25份奇楠沉香无性系为研究对象,通过连续调查3 a生长性状等指标,分析不同无性系的生长表现、适应性以及生长性状变异等早期生长差异和相关性,综合遗传参数估算和聚类分析,筛选具有速生、广适性特征的优良无性系。结果表明:25份奇楠沉香无性系的树高、地径和保存率均差异显著,3 a的平均树高、地径和保存率分别为134.15 cm、2.89 cm、68.40%,最大的均为Qi NYH,最小的均为Bo LZ。25份奇楠沉香无性系造林后树高和地径年生长量存在较大的变幅,整体表现为种植第3年的树高和地径显著提高。25份奇楠沉香无性系在不同生长时期树高和地径均表现出不同幅度的变异,地径性状离散大,变异最为丰富。生长性状3 a的广义遗传力均较高且稳定,均在0.63以上。地径、树高和保存率之间呈显著或极显著正相关。通过主成分分析对25份奇楠沉香无性系进行综合排名,按照20%的入选率,入选前5名的依次是Qi NYH、Ao S、Jin SZ、Tu YW、Cuan T。通过聚类分析将25份参试无性系分为4类,第Ⅰ类长势较好,包括Ao S、Qi NYH、Lan BS、Tu YW、Jin SY、Xi GY、Jin SZ和Cuan T,树高、地径和保存率分别在158.00 cm、3.00 cm和73.00%以上,具有较强的后期生长潜力;第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类长势居中;第Ⅳ类长势较差,树高、地径和保存率均较低。通过综合评价得出,无性系Qi NYH、Ao S、Jin SZ、Tu YW和Cuan T的树高、地径、年生长量和保存率等均表现较好,适宜作为综合品质优良的奇楠沉香无性系在凭祥等地进行推广种植。

奇楠沉香  /  无性系  /  生长  /  遗传变异  /  聚类分析

The study explored the growth regularity and genetic variation characteristics of Aquilaria sinensis Qi Nan clones to provide a theoretical basis for selection superior A. sinensis Qi Nan clones and application. 25 A. sinensis Qi Nan clones cultivated in the Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry were inves-tigated, the tree height and basal diameter were measured at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. The study analyzed early growth performance, adaptability, growth trait variations among different clones, and the intercorrelations. Comprehensive estimation of genetic parameters and cluster analysis were used to select superior clones. There were significant differences in tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate among the clones. The average tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate at 3 years old was 134.15 cm, 2.89 cm and 68.40%, respectively. The highest was Qi NYH, and the lowest was Bo LZ. There were substantial variations in the annual growth increments of tree height and basal diameter among the clones. Generally, the tree height and basal diameter increased remarkably in the third year. The clones showed different ranges of variation in tree height and basal diameter at different growth stages. The basal diameter showed a high degree of dispersion and the richest variation. The broad-sense heritability of growth traits in 3 years was high and stable, above 0.63. Basal diameter, tree height and preservation rate showed significant or extremely significant positive correlation. Principal component analysis revealed that the clones were comprehensively evaluated and ranked based on the scores. According to the selection rate of 20%, the top five were Qi NYH, Ao S, Jin SZ, Tu YW and Cuan T in turn. The results of cluster analysis showed that the clones were divided into 4 categories. Class Ⅰ grew better, and had stronger potential for growth in the later period than others, including Ao S, Qi NYH, Lan BS, Tu YW, Jin SY, Xi GY, Jin SZ and Cuan T, with the tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate above 158.00 cm, 3.00 cm and 73.00%, respectively. Class Ⅱ and Class Ⅲ grew relatively fast. Class Ⅳ grew the slowest with the slowest tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate. Through comprehensive evaluation, Qi NYH, Ao S, Jin SZ, Tu YW and Cuan T clones had the best performance in tree height, basal diameter and preservation rate. They could be popularized and planted as the excellent comprehensive quality of A. sinensis Qi Nan clones in Pingxiang and other suitable places.

Aquilaria sinensis Qi Nan  /  clone  /  growth  /  genetic variation  /  cluster analysis
钟源源, 付豪, 杨保国, 崔之益, 陈乐康, 毛纯, 熊俊飞, 赵宏鹏, 覃瑶, 郝建. 25份奇楠沉香无性系的生长变异与综合评价. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2390 -2400 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.010
Yuanyuan ZHONG, Hao FU, Baoguo YANG, Zhiyi CUI, Lekang CHEN, Chun MAO, Junfei XIONG, Hongpeng ZHAO, Yao QIN, Jian HAO. Growth Variation and Comprehensive Evaluation of 25 Aquilaria sinensis Qi Nan Clones[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (10) : 2390 -2400 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.010
沉香[Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Spreng.]为瑞香科(Thymelaeaceae)沉香属(Aquilaria)热带及亚热带常绿乔木,属国家二级珍稀濒危保护植物,作为名贵药材和高级香料在亚洲、中东和欧洲等地广泛应用已有数百年历史[1-2]。野生奇楠沉香被认为是优质沉香的代表,因其树脂含量高、香气独特而备受市场追捧,价格比普通沉香高出数百甚至上千倍[3-4]。然而,野生沉香资源因过度采伐濒临枯竭,人工林培育成为产业可持续发展的关键。
人工栽培奇楠沉香(Aquilaria sinensis Qi Nan)主要通过嫁接方式获得,保留了野生奇楠沉香的优良结香性状,具有结香早、结香快、结香品质高等优良特性[5-6]。传统实生繁殖模式结香时间长达10 a以上且品质波动显著,通过无性系选育栽培的奇楠沉香不仅保留了优良母株的遗传特性,还可显著缩短育种周期,提升品质一致性,人工栽培奇楠沉香3 a即可进行结香处理[6-8]。近年来,我国南方地区开始大规模人工种植奇楠沉香,种植面积不断扩大,沉香优良苗木成为行业内的主流[8]。然而,关于奇楠沉香的描述和鉴定标准及其他研究尚未形成体系,存在优良种质资源来源不稳定等问题,在一定程度上制约了结香及其相关产业的进一步发展。奇楠沉香种类繁多且遗传背景不同,导致不同无性系的经济差异较大[9-10]。因此,筛选出优良奇楠沉香无性系,对推进奇楠沉香遗传改良进程和推广种植具有重要意义。本研究以中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心(以下简称“热林中心”)栽培的25份奇楠沉香无性系为研究对象,通过3 a生长期的连续观测,分析不同无性系的生长、适应性以及生长性状变异等早期生长指标,系统解析3 a生长期内生长性状的遗传变异特征,构建多维度综合评价体系,筛选出具有速生、广适性特征的优良无性系。
25份参试奇楠沉香无性系的穗条均于2020年11月采自一代嫁接母树(表1)。选择1.5 a生白木香实生容器苗作为砧木,采用劈接法将奇楠沉香穗条嫁接到白木香上,待嫁接口愈合,穗条生长高度达30~35 cm时,选择生长良好、无病虫害、长势一致的嫁接苗出圃种植。
试验地设在广西凭祥市热林中心哨平实验场(21°57′47″N,106°59′30″E),海拔350 m,属南亚热带季风气候。干湿季节明显,4—9月为雨季,10月至翌年3月为旱季。年平均气温为19.5~21.5 ℃,≥10 ℃年积温为6000~7500 ℃,年均降水量为1220~1380 mm。地貌类型以低山丘陵为主,土壤为花岗岩发育成的山地红壤,土层厚度在100 cm以上。
2021年4月,采用完全随机区组的试验设计,将25份奇楠沉香无性系分别编号后随机种植,每份无性系种植10株,设置4次重复,株行距为2.0 m×1.5 m。试验设置4个区组,每个区组250株(10行×25株),共计种植1000株。
采用全林分调查方法,分别在2021、2022、2023年的12月,采用塔尺测量树高,游标卡尺测量地径(嫁接口直径),同时统计死亡植株数量,计算保存率。参照文献[11-12]计算如下参数:
(1)变异系数:
式中,CV为变异系数,σ为性状标准差,为性状平均值。
(2)遗传参数估算:
式中,为广义遗传力,为遗传变异系数,为环境变异系数,为表型变异系数,为遗传方差分量,为环境方差分量,为表型方差分量,为性状平均值。
采用Excel 2021软件整理试验数据,利用SPSS 21.0软件进行单因素方差分析、Duncan多重比较和主成分分析,采用Origin 2022软件进行Pearson相关分析并制作热图。对25个无性系的树高、地径和保存率数据进行无量纲化处理,采用NTSYSPC 2.1软件和非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析。
表2可知,25份奇楠沉香无性系的树高和地径差异极显著(P<0.01),保存率差异显著(P<0.05)。第1、2、3年树高生长范围分别为37.22~80.23、55.99~124.31、82.73~184.10 cm,均值分别为56.97、89.72、134.15 cm。第3年树高在均值以上的无性系有14个,分别是QN02、QN03、QN04、QN05、QN06、QN08、QN10、QN11、QN13、QN15、QN16、QN20、QN21、QN25,其中QN10的树高显著高于其他无性系,为184.10 cm;其次是QN04,为175.87 cm。QN23和QN19的树高生长最慢,分别为82.73 cm和89.33 cm。
第1、2、3年不同无性系地径的生长范围分别为0.67~1.38、1.04~2.53、1.69~4.16 cm,均值分别为1.03、1.74、2.89 cm。第3年地径在均值以上的无性系有11个,分别是QN02、QN03、QN04、QN05、QN06、QN08、QN10、QN11、QN13、QN20、QN21,其中QN10的地径显著高于其他无性系,达4.16 cm;其次是QN04,为4.12 cm。QN23和QN19的地径生长最小,分别为1.69 cm和1.70 cm(表2)。
第1、2、3年不同无性系的保存率范围分别为73.50%~94.50%、59.75%~88.25%、49.50%~83.75%,均值分别为85.33%、74.44%、68.40%。第3年保存率在80%以上的无性系有4个,从高到低依次是QN10、QN08、QN20、QN04,并且QN10的保存率显著高于其他无性系,为83.75%,保存率最低的是QN23,为49.50%。
表3可知,25份奇楠沉香无性系3 a的树高和地径年生长量差异显著(P<0.05),树高和地径生长量随林龄增加而稳步增大。种植第2年时,25份无性系的树高年生长量在10.23~60.48 cm之间,其中QN16(60.48 cm)和QN04(50.69 cm)的树高年生长量较大,QN19(10.23 cm)和QN23(10.51cm)的树高年生长量最小;地径年生长量在0.21~1.20 cm之间,其中QN04(1.20 cm)、QN10(1.15 cm)、QN13(1.04 cm)和QN06(1.00 cm)的地径年生长量较大,QN19(0.21 cm)和QN23(0.25 cm)的地径年生长量最小。种植第3年时,25份无性系的树高年生长量在26.74~59.79 cm之间,其中QN10(59.79 cm)的树高年生长量最大,QN23(26.74 cm)最小;地径年生长量在0.65~1.65 cm之间,其中QN04(1.65 cm)、QN10(1.64 cm)和QN05(1.63 cm)的地径年生长量较大,QN23(0.65 cm)和QN19(0.67 cm)的地径年生长量较小。25份奇楠沉香无性系种植后树高和地径年生长量均存在较大的变幅,QN14和QN15种植第3年的树高生长量和第2年的相似,QN16种植第3年的树高生长量明显比第2年少74.24%,其余无性系种植第3年的树高和地径生长量明显比第2年多。
表4可知,不同生长时期25份奇楠沉香无性系的树高、地径均表现出不同幅度的变异。第1年时,25份无性系的树高变异系数在5.77%~32.88%之间,无性系QN17变异最大,其次是QN21>QN13>QN22,变异系数均在24.00%以上,QN06变异最小,其次是QN25<QN24<QN01,变异系数均在10.00%以下,最大和最小变异系数相差27.11%;第2年时,树高变异系数在6.07%~38.00%之间,无性系QN19变异最大,其次是QN22>QN09>QN21,变异系数均在35.00%以上,QN02变异最小,其次是QN06,变异系数均在10.00%以下,最大和最小变异系数相差31.93%;第3年时,树高变异系数在5.94%~56.29%之间,无性系QN19变异最大,其次是QN09>QN22>QN12,变异系数均在36.00%以上,QN02变异最小,其次是QN06,变异系数均在10.00%以下,最大和最小变异系数相差50.98%。
第1年时,25份无性系的地径变异系数范围在5.66%~24.96%之间,QN21的变异系数最大,其次是QN22>QN23>QN13,变异系数均在22.00%以上,QN01的变异系数最小,其次是QN02<QN24<QN10,变异系数均在10.00%以下,最大和最小变异系数相差19.30%;第2年时,地径变异系数范围在3.64%~55.22%之间,QN16变异系数最大,其次是QN09>QN22>QN19,变异系数均在37.00%以上,QN06变异系数最小,其次是QN02,变异系数均在10.00%以下,最大和最小变异系数相差51.58%;第3年时,地径变异系数在3.24%~57.49%之间,QN09的变异系数最大,其次是QN19>QN22>QN12,变异系数均在39.00%以上,QN06的变异系数最小,其次是QN02,变异系数均在10.00%以下,最大和最小变异系数相差54.25%(表4)。
由此可知,25份奇楠沉香无性系的树高和地径均存在较广泛的变异,选择潜力大,地径性状离散大,变异最为丰富,具有较大的选育能力和更宽的选择基础,在一定程度上,大大增加了选出优良单株或优良无性系的可能。
不同生长时期树高和地径的遗传参数如表5所示,第1年时树高和地径的广义遗传力最大,分别为0.85和0.77;第2年时树高和地径的遗传变异系数与表型变异系数均最大,树高的环境变异系数最大,为28.27%,而地径的环境变异系数则在第3年时最大,为28.40%。整体来看,3年的树高和地径广义遗传力均较高且稳定,无性系生长性状受环境影响较弱,受遗传控制较强,其变异性的主要来源是各无性系间的遗传基础差异,以此进行选择比较可靠。
图1可知,不同生长时期各生长指标之间呈显著或极显著正相关,不同生长时期地径间的相关性系数(r)均在0.90以上,D2与D3间的r为0.97,D1与D2间的r为0.90,D1与D3间的r为0.90;不同生长时期树高间的r均在0.80以上,H2与H3间的r为0.96,H1与H2间的r为0.85,H1与H3间的r为0.81;不同生长时期保存率间的r均在0.65以上,P2与P3间的r为0.94,P1与P2间的r为0.75,P1与P3间的r为0.68;而P1与D2、H2、D3、H3间的相关性系数均在0.60以下。相关性分析结果表明,树高、地径和保存率3个指标之间可以进行间接选择,可通过选择一个性状同时改善其他性状。
基于25份奇楠沉香无性系3 a的树高、地径和保存率等进行主成分分析,结果得到9个主成分。由表6可知,提取到特征值>1的主成分1个,累积贡献率达84.16%。由2.5相关性分析结果可知,3 a的生长指标树高、地径和保存率之间存在显著正相关关系,说明提取1个主成分是合理的。因此,可用提取到的主成分对25份奇楠沉香无性系进行综合评价。
D1、D2、D3在主成分中的特征向量分别为0.124、0.126、0.125;H1、H2、H3在主成分中的特征向量分别为0.119、0.126、0.127;P1、P2、P3在主成分中的特征向量分别为0.095、0.122、0.124。将3 a的生长指标树高、地径和保存率进行标准化,主成分的得分用标准化后的数值乘以主成分的特征向量值,利用主成分的权重建立主成分综合模型,计算25份奇楠沉香无性系的综合评价值并进行得分排名(表7)。由表7可知,综合得分排名从高到低依次为:QN10、QN04、QN08、QN06、QN20、QN03、QN11、QN05、QN13、QN16、QN25、QN21、QN24、QN02、QN15、QN07、QN01、QN22、QN14、QN12、QN19、QN18、QN09、QN23、QN17。以20%的入选率,入选前5名依次是QN10、QN04、QN08、QN06、QN20。
基于树高、地径和成活率对25份奇楠沉香无性系进行聚类分析,随着欧氏距离的提高,类型相近的无性系逐步归为一类。在欧氏距离为1.22处,将25份奇楠沉香无性系划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ共4个类别(图2)。Ⅰ类有8个无性系,包括QN04、QN10、QN05、QN06、QN11、QN13、QN08、QN20,长势较好,其树高、地径、保存率、年生长量以及综合得分等表现较优。QN15单独为Ⅱ类。Ⅲ类有7个无性系,包括QN02、QN21、QN03、QN16、QN07、QN25、QN24。Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类长势一般,树高、地径、保存率、年生长量以及综合得分均处于中间水平,介于第Ⅰ类和第Ⅳ类之间。Ⅳ类有9个无性系,包括QN01、QN14、QN22、QN12、QN18、QN09、QN17、QN19、QN23,其树高、地径、保存率、年生长量以及综合得分等表现较差。
选用良种和适地适树是有效利用林木资源的关键,生长发育情况和保存率体现了树种对生态环境的适应性[10]。奇楠沉香种类繁多,不同无性系间遗传背景不同,在同一生境中,不同无性系会表现出生长差异和对环境的适应性[11-13]。本研究发现,参试的25份奇楠沉香无性系的保存率差异显著,树高和地径差异极显著,在凭祥地区种植第1、2、3年时的平均保存率分别为85.00%、74.44%和68.33%。奇楠沉香无性系在惠州(25个无性系)[14]、潮州(26个无性系)[15]和漳州(25个无性系)[16]等地种植,同样表现出保存率、苗高和地径的生长差异,第1年时平均保存率分别为67.80%、70.00%和91.33%,说明凭祥的种植表现比惠州和潮州地区的好,比漳州的差。奇楠沉香无性系在凭祥种植3 a的保存率逐年下降,漳州也表现出逐年下降的趋势(第2年和第3年的平均保存率分别为82.47%和73.12%),这可能与环境因素[17]、奇楠沉香本身的适应性[18-19]和抗性[20-21]有关。在生产实践中选用良种和适地适树至关重要,同时,培育出既能适应多变环境,又具有强大生命力和抗逆性的奇楠沉香种苗,可以有效提高引种和推广效率。
无性系变异系数反映了无性系内的变异程度和对生长环境的适应能力,了解无性系的变异情况将有助于提高优良单株或优良无性系的选育进程[22-23]。本研究发现,不同生长时期,无性系的树高和地径均表现出较广泛的变异,说明奇楠沉香无性系具有较大的遗传变异,这为奇楠沉香优良无性系的选育奠定基础。无性系生长性状受遗传效应和固定环境效应控制较强,具有较高的遗传稳定性[24]。本研究发现,奇楠沉香无性系3 a的生长性状广义遗传力均较高且稳定,在0.63以上,可见,奇楠沉香无性系生长性状受环境影响较弱,受遗传控制较强,其变异的主要来源是各无性系间的遗传基础的差异,说明以此进行选择比较可靠。
有研究表明,以20.00%的入选率选择优良无性系造林能获得较大增益,从而保持优良性状得到稳定遗传[25-26]。本研究以20.00%的入选率筛选得到长性状优良的5个无性系:Qi NYH、Ao S、Jin SZ、Tu YW、Cuan T,其中Qi NYH的综合表现尤为突出,其树高(184.10 cm)、地径(4.16 cm)和保存率(83.75%)均显著高于其他无性系。聚类分析结果进一步表明,这5个无性系均归属于长势较好的第Ⅰ类,验证了其遗传稳定性。无性系的生长表现显著受区域环境的影响,表现出明显的空间异质性[27]。与前人的研究进行跨区域对比表明,本研究筛选得到的5个优良无性系中Qi NYH、Tu YW和Cuan T均在漳州地区表现优异;而Ao S、Jin SZ则分别在惠州、潮州地区的生长表现较好[14-16]。入选的5个无性系在特定区域表现良好,是遗传稳定性与环境适配性共同作用的结果[28]。此外,You YZ和Bo LZ在多个区域(凭祥、漳州、潮州)表现较差,可能与遗传缺陷或对特定环境因子的敏感性有关[17]。这些研究结果强调了环境与基因型互作的重要性,进一步验证了“适地适树”原则在奇楠沉香良种推广中的必要性。研究表明,Diao YW在惠州、潮州和漳州等地的生长表现较好,但在凭祥的生长表现处于中等水平[14-16],说明奇楠沉香无性系的生长特性具有显著的区域特异性,Qi NYH、Diao YW等无性系在特定区域兼具生长优势与遗传稳定性,可作为区域性主推无性系。需注意的是,本研究仅评估了奇楠沉香无性系的早期生长性状,未涉及结香品质和质量、抗病性等长期性状,未来需结合多阶段观测数据完善评价体系。此外,区域试验范围有限,未来需扩大生态梯度测试,涵盖更多样化的立地条件。同时,建议开展长期定位观测,评估无性系在不同生长阶段的稳定性,为奇楠沉香良种选育提供更全面的科学依据。
25份奇楠沉香无性系在广西凭祥种植3 a表现出显著的生长性状差异。根据25份奇楠沉香无性系在凭祥地区的生长变异特征和遗传力分析,以地径作为早期性状选择更可靠;对25份奇楠沉香无性系的造林保存率与生长表现等进行主成分和聚类分析,综合筛选出Qi NYH、Ao S、Jin SZ、Tu YW和Cuan T 5个无性系,在凭祥地区生长表现良好且保存率高,适宜作为奇楠沉香优良无性系在广西凭祥等地进行选育和推广种植,并且可作为奇楠沉香无性系结香进一步选优的基础。
  • 广西林业科技推广示范项目(桂林科研[2022]第2号; 2024GXLK32)
  • 广西自然科学基金项目(2024 GXNSFBA010421)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.10.010
  • 接收时间:2025-03-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-09
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-14
  • 录用日期:2025-06-11
基金
广西林业科技推广示范项目(桂林科研[2022]第2号; 2024GXLK32)
广西自然科学基金项目(2024 GXNSFBA010421)
作者信息
    1.中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西凭祥 532600
    2.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州 510520
    3.广西友谊关森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站/崇左凭祥友谊关森林生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站,广西凭祥 532600
    4.广西国有七坡林场,广西南宁 530004

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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